Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 291, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 April 1931 — Page 1

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ROWBOTTOM IS FOUND GUILTY; YEAR IN ‘PEN’ Ex-Congressman to Serve Time and Pay Fine of $2,000. SOLD POSTOFFICE JOBS Jury Convicts Evaiisville Man on Four Counts; Out Two Hours. BY BLN STERN lime:. Staff CorrcsDontlftit EVANSVILLE, lnd„ April 16. Harry E. Rowbottom, who still apparently believes in Santa Claus, looked at, the government’s table, loaded with evidence and surrounded by prosecutors. “I just thought I'd better keep my mouth shut and perhaps 1 would get an easy break.'' That, he explained today, is the reason for his failure to charge on the witness stand that “Jim Watson and his post-office inspectors framed and entrapped me." Gone is the debonair air which he wore six years ago when he left Evansville to represent the First district in congress, and gone is liis cocksurencso, for he will go to Inianapolis Monday to leave with other convicted men for the federal penitentiary at, Leavenworth, to which he has been sentenced for one year and one day and fined $2,000 for selling postoflice appointments. Guilty of Job Selling A federal jury in Evansville declared Wednesday night that the Ihrce-time congressman, defeated for re-election last fall, was guilty on four counts of bartering postoflice appointments. And although his attorneys made an eloquent plea for probation, on the ground that he is a sufferer fioni diabetes and “has the mind of a boy," Judge Charles E. Woodward, after a severe castigation declared that Rowbottom must serve one year and one day and be fined $2,000 on each count, running concurrently, the payment of $2,000 constituting the payment, of the entire fine assessed. “Respect for public office is lessened if it may be bought and sold,’’ declared Judge Woodward, in denying the plea of Rowbottom’s attorneys that he be placed on probation. Offense Held Grave The offense of which this defendant has been found guilty is grave. The court can not condone this flagrant and cynical barter and sale of public offices, as disclosed by the evidence in this case. “I do not deem it necessary to impose the extreme penalty, but, the sentence must be of such nature as to deter other congressmen from such practices." In expressing the government's opposition to placing Rowbottom under probation, George R. Jeffrey, federal district attorney, who acted as chief prosecutor, declared: “The defense attorneys say there is no reason why we should hold this defendant up for an example. Yet there is a reason. In the ordinary course of American justice, we can not refuse to prosecute a high public official and the court can not refuse to send him to the penitentiary. Must Fay for Betrayal “We must impress on the official who is placed in a high office of honor and trust that if he betray that trust he must suffer for the betrayal. That man must go to prison. Nugent Dodds, special assistant attorney-general, making his first talk during the trial, pointed out that this was a particularly grave and serious offense. He later declared that he never before had heard of a congressman being prosecuted for the sale of postoflice appointments and that all official Washington was watching progress of the trial. Defense attorneys pointed out, in asking for mitigation of sentence, that the giver of a bribe is equally guilty with the taker. “The defendant is like a boy, not mature, as we imagine a member of congress to be," declared Defense Counsel Philip Gould. Evansville. And Raymond Springer. Connersville, associate defense counsel, in in his plpa. said: “Although Rowbottom is 46 in age. mentally he has not grown with his years. He has mentality of a high school freshman." * Guilty on Four* founts Specifically, Rowbottom was found guilty by the jury, which was out two hours, on the following four of the eight counts: 1. That he agreed to accept $750 from Walter G. Ayer, Rockport, to appoint his Son. Gresham Ayer, as a rural route carrier. 2. That he did receive this money. 3. That he indirectly received SBOO for procuring and “aiding to procure" post mastership at Dale for S. Grant Johnson of Dale. 4. That he unlawfully received the money for this appointment from Otto A. Weilbrenner, who acted as his agent. CAUGHRAN GETS POST Appointed Legal Advisor for Glenn B. Ralston, County Clerk. Appointment of B. Howard Caughran, Indianapolis attorney, 525 Indian* Trust building, as legal adviser for Glenn B. Ralston, county clerk, was announced today. Caughran. Democratic nominee for state senator in 1928. also is attorney fur the city board oi Jlfflith

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Partly cloudy, probably light showers tonight or Friday; slightly cooler Friday.

VOLUME 42—NUMBER 291

STATE RIGHTS ARE DEFENDED HERE BY ANTI-DRY LEADER Captain William Stayton in City to Address Repeal Rally Tonight in Tomlinson Hall. BY ARCH STEINEL “Unemployment in the nation today woukl not be helped by repeal of the eighteenth amendment, for more men are employed bootlegging under prohibition than were employed in breweries and distilleries before prohibition" With this frank statement and sundry other ’debunking," Captain William Stayton, U. S. N.. retired, arrived here today to address a state anti-prohibition rally tonight in Tomlinson hall, conducted by the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment, of which he is founder. He termed Henry Ford's support of the prohibition law as “just advertising. for he might as well be a wet as dry. He doesn't know the difference between Benedict Arnold and Benedictine." Informed That Billy Sunday, evangelism, had said repeal of the eighteenth amendment would bring chaos in the nation, he said: "Why 1 was afraid he was dead. Chaos! If he calls the 133 years before prohibition, when we built a great nation, chaos, then I want that kind of chaos.”

A native of Delaware, the sea captain chastised verbally states other than the original thirteen tor feeling that the federal government is a paternal being. “We Feel Differently" “You of the middle-west and the west look upon the federal government as papa. You believe tiie federal government created you while we of the original thirteen created the federal government and when that government interferes with our personal liberties, we tell that government to get out." The right of every stale to decide for itself whether it should permit liquors, is the creed of the captain and his organization. “Do you know how they feci back east? Well, they look at it that a bunch of blue and pink rectangles like Kansas, Nebraska and Utah, miles away from them, are dictating to them what they should do in their states," he asserted. Resent Being Dictated To He said the people of Delaware did not desire to tell the people of Indiana how to run their business and did not desire to be told how to operate tjieir own affairs. * Stayton said his association preferred the convention method of repeal in each state to referring the question to legislatures. “I hope when the eighteenth amendment is repealed that every state has regulatory acts or enacts those laws to care for the liquor problem. I don’t want to see a national debauch because of its repeal,” he declared. He cited the congressional gain in “wet” votes in the last election, and said his association could count 161 wet votes in the lower house. Assails Emmerson Veto Stayton believes presentation of a resolution of repeal of the eighteenth amendment in congress and its passage in the next session may hinge largely on the man who takes the place of Nicholas Longworth as Speaker of the house. Dealt With Dry League “Longworth was dry politically," he said, “and dealt with the AntiSaloon League.” He charged the veto of Governor Emmerson of Illinois of the state’s enforcement law showed, “that drys have no regard for the sentiment or the feelings of the people of the community." HEAT RECORD SET Mercury Soars to 79: Rain Is on Way Here. New heat record for the year was set this afternoon when the mercury reached 70 at 1. Increase of one or two degrees was expected later in the day, the weather bureau said. Showers, that probably will bring a slight drop in temperature are predicted for tonight and early Friday. The former record for the year was 78. ALVA PHILLIPS TAKES OVER WIFE'S ESTATE Becomes Administrator After Being Freed of Murder Charge. Alva Phillips, 54. today assumed duties as administrator of the estate of his wife, Mary Phillips, in connection with whose death he was freed of murder charges Wednesday. After an investigation of several weeks, Criminal Judge Frank P. Baker sustained a motion of Prosecutor Herbert E. Wilson to dismiss murder charges against Phillips. Mrs. Phillips’ estate is listed for probate at $7,000 personal property and 54.500 in real estate. His bond was fixed at $14,000. FILM ACTRESS WEDS Helen Twcivelrces, Divorced Few Weeks Ago, Marries Realtor. By Cnitrd Press HOLLYWOOD. April 16.—Helen Twelve trees, film actress, who was granted a final decree of divorce from Clark Twelvetrees. writer, several weeks ago. returned here today with Frank Woody, real estate man. and revealed they had been married in Reno. Nev., three weeks ago. They have been on a honeymoon in northern California "since the ceremony. SHIPS CRASH: 35 DROWN Chinese Craft Collides With Unidentified Boat, Report Says. \ By United Press LONDON, April 16.—The Daily Express correspondent at Shanghai reported today that thirty-five persons were drowned when tire Chinese .steamship Dachong collided wiih an unidentified ship ncai

WIDOW GETS NICK'S ESTATE Longworth’s Entire Holdings Are Bequeathed, By United Press CINCINNATI, April 16.—The entire estate of the late Nicholas Longworth, Speaker of the house of representatives, was bequeathed to his widow, Mrs. Alice Roosevelt Longworth, under terms of the will which was filed here today. No estimate of the value of the will was submitted. COLUMBUS, 'O., April 16.—Governor George W. White today ordered a special election to be held next November to elect a successor to the late Nicholas Longworth, congressman from the First Ohio district. Candidates for the post are to be nominated at a special primary’ in August, when the regular primary is held. PURNELL IS IN RACE 'Willing’ to Take Speaker Chair of Longworth, By United Press KOKOMO. Ind.. April 16.—Fred S. Purnell, Ninth district representative in congress, indicated here today that he might make the fight for speakership of the house of representatives, to succeed the late Nicholas Longworth. Purnell, in making known that he would be a receptive candidate, cited his activity in behalf of agriculture and service men’s legislation, as entitling him to consideration. He likewise used the geographical argument, pointing to the advantage of having a middle-western man in the position. MARRIES HEFrESsTbUT HE'LL KEEP WORKING Law Clerk, "Husband of Millions," Not to Be Loafer. By United Press GREENWICH, Conn., April 16. Even though his wife has $2,000,000, Eligio Del Guerico will continue—"for the present at least”—his work as law clerk in New York, he declared after his marriage to Miss Frcderika Fry. He told friends this before he left with his bride for New York preparatory to embarking for Europe on their honeymoon. Miss Fry, who was adopted by Mrs. Georgia Timken Fry, inherited $2,000,000 a week ago. CLEANUP SCHEDULED Plans for Annual Week to Be Made Tonight. Final plans for the annual Cleanup, Paintup campaign which will! be staged from April 20 to May 2, will be made tonight at a meeting at the Chamber of Commerce. The Cleanup, Paintup movement, which will be carried out under auspices of the fire prevention ; committee of the chamber, will! have as its motto: “Help Make! Jobs." Citizen* of Indianapolis will be asked to paint, clean and repair their property, to give employment i to those not having jobs.

‘Lawrence of Arabia to Tell His Story in The T imes

T HE “Uncrowned King; of Arabia” speaks at last. A mysterious silence, unbroken for eight years, will end next Monday, when, through The Indianapolis Times, the United Press will release the amazing story of Thomas E. Lawrence, wh omade during the World war history such as never had been made before. Eight years ago, Lawrence suddenly abandoned his title of colonel, refused decorations from the king of England, chose anew name, T. E. Shaw, and enlisted for twelve years in the Royal Air Force as a private. This unparelleled act astounded the world.

which knew’ of Lawrence seemingly as a half-mythical character who ruled desert chieftains during the great war and performed marvelous service for the allied cause. He virtually was the comander of the Arhb forces, advising princes and potentates. He had unlimited gold at his disposal, and with camel loads of coins he financed the desert £iief lams, . %

INDIANAPOLIS, THURSDAY, APRIL 16, 1031

DE PAUW BESET BY SOVIETISM, SAYS LAWYER Evans’ Speech Regarded as Opening Gun in Drive to Oust Oxnam. RESENTS BOOK ON SEX Socialism, Russia Extolled Beyond All Reason at School, Is Charge, •Slapping back at charges that “sex, Sovietism and Socialism” threaten De Pauw university, hurled by William P. Evans, attorney, in an address Wednesday night, Dr. G. Bromley Oxnam, De Pauw president today charged Evans with “misrepresentation.” Evans’ address, given before De Pauw alumni at the Broadway M. E. church, was regarded as the opening gun in the annual spring drive to oust Oxnam, noted liberal, from the De Pauw presidency. Evans, however, refused to commit himself on this viewpoint. Hint at retaliation is contained in Oxnam’s statement that he “may find it necessary to presen a statement of facts that will be sufficient answer to his (Evans’) charges, and perhaps raise a question as to the real reason why a little coterie in Indianapolis has consistently sought to embarrass this university. “Didn't Hear Statements “I was not present at the Indianapolis alumni meeting and did not hear the statement made by Evans, nor have I seen the manuscript of his address,” Oxnam said. “If the reports that have reached me are a fair representation of his statement, I can only say that they give a totally false impression of the De Pauw university lecture program, and thoroughly misrepresent the administration. “Judging from the telephone calls of the morning, our Indianapolis alumni are incensed because Evans has so misrepresented the facts relative to his alma mater, and has so forgotten the ordinary proprieties of society. The lecture program has been well balanced." Evans repeated today that he merely was charging That the radical economic viewpoint was being represented on De Pauw lecture platforms to the exclusion of the conservative. Duchess, Butler Spoke \ “T do know, of course, that the former Grand Duchess Mane of Russia and General Smedley D. Butler talked at the school,” Evans said. “But they did not deal with the economic problems as did Norman Thomas, Maurice * Hindus, Sherwood Eddy and Kirby Page.” The last four named all adhere, more or less, to the so-called “radical” economic viewpoint. Page is a pacifist. None, however, is a Bolshevik. Bur Evans, in his talk, said that sex, sovietism and socialism are ruining the school. Only Two Socialists Records of the speakers for the. last three years, under Dr. Oxnam,' disclose that only two Socialists, Thomas, the Socialist presidential candidate in 1928, and Eddy, a recent convert to the Socialist party after thirty-five years w’orld service in the Y. M. C. A., were the only campus speakers to carry that label. “Beyond all reason, in public meeting and private conference, Communism, Socialism and Russia have been extolled,” Evans told the alumni, numbering about 250. He brought a copy of Eddy’s “Sex and Youth,” and declared it has been sold from the platform of Meharry hall, one of the oldest of the De Pauw buildings. Denied at University This was denied at the university today and it was asserted that ‘being an old-time evangelist” Eddy was accustomed to selling his books after a lecture, but there were but two copies of “Sex and Youth" known to be on the campus. Evans charged that ‘There are things in this book no one should know.” He objected to Oxnam introducing the author “as the man who in character more nearly approached Jesus Christ than any man living today.” Hourly Temperatures 6a. m 52 10 a. m 69 7a. m 54 11 a. m 77 Ra. m 64 12 (noon).. 76 9 a. m 68 1 p. m 79

THEY WERE LIKE THIS-

But Now Both Dempseys Are Talking Divorce

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It looks now as if those gay, happy moments when Jack Dempsey and his wife. Estelle Taylor, frolicked together may be gone forever. Time was when he-man Jack could toss around sweet Estelie (see left) and make her like it. They were lovers (see upper right) and they were companions (lower right). The pictures were taken soon after they were married in 1925.

N. Y. GANG 'BOSS’ IS SHOT TO DEATH Gunmen Wine, Dine Guiseppe Masseria, Then Fill Him W T ith Bullets From Behind. By United Press NEW YORK. April 16.—Gangsters who wined, dined and entertained Giuseppe Masseria—better known as “Joe the Boss” —and then pumped lead into him from behind, were sought by police today. For more than ten years rival gangs have sought to eradicate the man who laughed when Frankie Yale and Frank Marlow were put on the spot. Police have sought to convict him for one crime or another over a period cf more than a score of years. He was regarded in the underworld as a lieutenant of Al Capone, but police rated him as New York’s most powerful racketeer, wielding more power than Capone does in his Chicago bailiwick.

FOOD SCALE FIXED Minnesota Senate Sets Egg Price for Road Workers. By I nited Prfts ST. PAUL, Minn.. April 16—In addition to paying laborers 45 cents an hour or more, construction companies which take contracts on Minnesota highway work must pay 60 cents a dozen for eggs that the men eat, the state senate has decided. An amendment specifying the prices contractors must pay farmers for foodstuffs was attached to the minimum wage scale bill passed by the senate. It provides that the farmers must receive 60 cents a dozen for eggs, 51.50 a bushel for potatoes, 18 cents a quart for milk, 60 cents a pound for butter, S2O a ton for hay and 75 cents a bushel for oats. CANADIANS AWAITING GLIMPSE OF ROYALTY King and Queen of Siam to Make Stop at Victoria, B. C. By United Press VICTORIA, B. C., April 16.—Canadians today awaited the arrival of oriental royalty, hopeful of a chance to see the king and queen of Siam, but fearful that his majesty's indisposition would confine him tc his stateroom when the steamship Empress of Japan makes a brief stop here. The royal party was expected late tonight, None of the party will disembark here, but will proceed to Vancouver and board a special train for New York.

H IS romantic raids and thrilling victories are an amazing chapter in history. Today he sweeps officers’ floors, repairs motors with greasestained hands, sleeps in a shack with nineteen other privates, and draws 80 cents a day as his “salary.” % But he has broken his silence. In interviews with Henry T. Russell, United Press staff correspondent, he has bared the reasons for his voluntary choice of a life of hard manual labor, strict discipline—and oblivion. It is one of the most dramatic stories which has come out of the great war, after long years.

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It is the first authentic story from Lawrence’s own lips. It is a story for which Lawrence has been offered hugs sums, which he always has scorned. He sume up for all the world to know, his present view on life; “I am a perfectly contented human being, with no ambitions and no desires.” You can read this story in The Tunes, starting next Monday, April 20*

“Joe the Boss” was sitting at a table with three of his henchmen in a Coney Island restaurant, playing cards between the wine and meat courses, when two men entered and opened fire from the rear. Twenty shots were fired. Five of them entered Masseria's back and head. When police arrived he was lying face down on the floor, an ace of spades clutched m his right hand. Other cards and $35 in currency were scattered about. His henchmen and slayers had fled. Police said it would be hard to tell why “Joe the Boss” had been put on the spot, because so many gangsters sought his life. The killing of “Joe the Boss” likely is to cause a serious outbreak of gang warfare, police believed. His power was on a rar with that of Ciro Terranova, the former “Artichoke king." and Little Augie Pisano. He was a leader in the Unione Siciliano.

CHECK 'LOVE' BOOK 'Baroness’ Gets Continuance of Chicago Trial. By i nited Press CHICAGO. April 16. "Baroness" Catherine Kuhlewindt was given a continuance today of her trial on charges that she provided rich men with young girl companions for parties at SSO and up. Prosecutors were too busy checking the names of wealthy Chicago men found in a butterfly-decorated note book in her apartment, to proceed with the case. The names of 125 girls, found in Mrs. Kuhlewindt’s note book, were concealed, although a number of them were questioned.

Entered ss Second-Class Matter at Postoffice. Indianapolis. Ind.

HOLLYWOOD. April 16.—Jack Dempsey’s efforts to communicate with Estelle Taylor through other persons having been unsuccessful, the actress was preparing today to file her divorce action in Los Angeles, and has so informed Dempsey in a, letter. Miss Taylor had told newspaper men that she was prepared to file the action within forty-eight hours unless she heard directly from her husband. Joe Dempsey, brother of the former champion, made his second unsuccessful call upon Miss Taylor Wednesday night, and again was informed by servants that any communication must be had through her attorney. Miss Taylor was upset at Dempsey’s failure to communicate directly with her. and said: “Perhaps he thinks I am to take things he has told newspapers and friends as personal messages.” The actress’ attorney dispatched an air mail letter to Dempsey in Reno Wednesday informing him of Miss Taylor's plans, and assuring him that no sensational grounds would be mentioned in the divorce complaint, it was announced. ADMITS ARSON PLOT Bloomington Man Confesses to Firing House. Robert S. Whaley. 68. Sunset Kill, Bloomington. Ind.. owned a house so badly in need of repair he could not rent it. Sunday night Whaley went to church, then went to the vacant house, tore paper off the wall, saturated it with gasoline and applied a match. Then he sprinted home, and within twenty minutes was in bed waiting for something to happen. It did. A neighbor told him his house was on fire. Later William Giilespie. Bloomington, deputy fire marshal, told Whaley he thought the fire was incendiary. Whaley confessed, according to Bert Fowler, chief of the arson division in the state fire marshal’s office. CAPITAL ELITE MEETS ROYALTY WITH BOW Handshake Ruled Out at Dinner, but Prince Shakes, Anyhow. By United Press WASHINGTON. April 16.—N0 one offered to shake hands with Prince Takamatus of Japan last night at the White House. When the prince and his bride were introduced to the guests before dinner, Secretary of State Stimson explained to each guest that he should not proffer his hand to the prince, as it was contrary to Japanese custom. Takamatsu, however, returned the compliment by extending his hand as each approached him. When greeting members of his own race, he bowed without shaking hands. WIFE DIES OF SHOCK AFTER MATE’S SUICIDE Double Funeral to Be Held fur Columbus (Ind.) Couple. By 7im’s Special HOPE, Ind., April 16.—Harry Brannen. 43, merchant police officer and former town marshall and former deputy sheriff, committed suicide Wednesday afternoon by hanging himself in the hayloft in the barn near his home here. A few hours later his wife, Mrs. Mattie Brannen. who had been ill sev- ! eral weeks, died of shock. Worry over his wife’s illness and financial affairs are believed to have caused the suicide. Double funeral J services will be held Friday Rafter- i •&QQR* i

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SPAIN’S ROYAL EXILES WAIT KING IN PARIS Crown Jewels Said to Be Worth Millions Saved by Queen. ALFONSO IS IN FRANCE His Throne Not Renounced, Says Ex-Ruler: People’s Vote to Decide. BY RICHARD D. MACMILLAN United Press Staff Correspondent PARIS. April 16.—Victoria Eugenie, dethroned queen of Spam, waited today in a Pans hotel th arrival from Marseilles of her deposed husband, Alfonso XIII of Spain. The English princess, w ho married the young king of Spam twenty-five years ago. arrived with her children this morning by train from the Spanish frontier. The windows of her hotel room overlook the site where Louis XVI of France was guillotined. The deposed king of Spain left the cruiser Prince Alfonso at Marseilles and immediately departed for Paris to "await the decision of his people” on whether he shall rev.irn to the throne. “My cousin, the duke of Miranda will speak for me,” the former King said. “I have nothing to say until we reach Paris." Await People’s Will “The king left Spain bccausp he did not ■wish to hinder the elections scheduled to be held in June,” said the duke of Miranda. “He will abide by the decision of the people in June.” The queen immediately after her arrival was informed of the details of the king's flight and exile, his dash from Madrid to Cartagena and voyage by warship to Marseilles, where he caught an express for Paris this afternoon. He is due in Paris late tonight. The royal crown and other priceless jewels which the queen may never wear again were in the hotel strong room. They are valued at $10,000,000. Scores of detectives and police guarded the approach to the building. Saves Royal Jewels The royal gems were brought here by the queen in two suitcases. The price oF Asturias. Alfonso's heir, appeared the greatest sufferer from the jburney, because of his chronic ill health. The six-foot Prince Jamie, who was born deaf and dumb, looked frightened and miserable. The queen left the strict seclusion of her room only when another exiled queen, the former Empress Zita of Austria-Hungary, arrived from Belgium to visit her. The two queens without a country’ had lunch together. Subsequently Queen Victoria, improved in spirits, left the hotel by automobile and visited the Norwegian embassy. The first day of the queen in exile began drearily in an ordinary sleeping compartment of the overloaded south express, carrying her to Paris. “Worse Than Russia" Her eyes were red with tears and her smartly cut frock was rumpled and awry when she bade her two sons and two daughters good night as the train passed through Bayonne Wednesday night. The royal party had difficulty in finding places on the French express. There were forty in the party and several maids had to sleep double. The coach was at the end of the train. The queen will remain in Paris several days before going to England, it was believed. “The most atrocious night of my life was spent before we started from Madrid,” she told the mayor and leaders of the Spanish colony at Biarritz when they greeted her at the Lanegrcsse station. “I heard the people under the windows of the palace all night—howling insults. It was worse than Russia.” Throne Not Renounced By United Press MADRID. April 16,-Alfonso XIII. in exile, has not renounced his rights to the throne of Spain. The deposed monarch's last message to the people of his country revealed today that he turned the government over to the republicans to await "an expression of the collective public opinion" of Spain. “I do not renounce any of rights, because rather than my own they are a deposit accumulated by history, and I shall have to render a strict account for them," the message said. The message had been given to Count Romanones by the former king, who remarked as he signed it that he never “felt more a Spaniard than now.” The attitude of the king, that he had net renounced his throne, did not disturb the republican government. head by Alcala Zamora, which was hard at work consolidating its position and making far-reaching changes in all departments. Alfonso is on the same plane ai the former Kaiser Wilhelm of German and ex-King Manuel of Portugal, and could claim the throne again if the republicans failed. However, there is another pretender to the Spanish throne—Don Jaime, the Carlist, whose house has claimed the crown for many years. The Carlists have recognized Don Jaime as the legitimate claimant, but since he has no heirs Alfonso would be recognized by them as tb* prince of the Asturias, heir to the throne.

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