Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 285, Indianapolis, Marion County, 9 April 1931 — Page 6

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The March of Progress Abandonment of the system of interurban electric lines in this state as now proposed by a receiver should have been expected. The lines are no longer profitable. They do not pay because they are no longer necessary. Their usefulness has been ended by the cement highway, the truck and bus. One of the short lines a decade ago had receipts of more than $200,000 a year. Last year the total intake was but $25,000. More people traveled between the towns it connects chan journeyed a decade ago. More goods were transported. But the people went in automobile and the goods were carried on trucks. What is happening to the interurban lines will very soon come inside the cities. The time is not far distant when street cars will disappear from city streets. In the march of progress the machine which furnishes the most comfort and speed wins. Transportation on rails seems to be doomed. In this city, the problem of transportation is an acute one. Something must be done soon with the present system now in the hands of a receiver. A short time ago George Marott, able citizen, suggested an elaborate system of publicly owned busses as a solution. That suggestion should be studied by city officials and public-spirited citizens. Privately owned lines are bankrupt. Public systems must succeed them. The time seems propitious to get in step with the inevitable march of progress. Indianapolis could be first if it chooses. Kid McCoy and Tom Mooney Norman Selby, known to the prize ring as "Kid McCoy,” is serving twenty years in California’s San Quentin penitentiary for alleged manslaughter and assault to murder his sweetheart. He says he's innocent and has filed with Governor Rolph a pardon petition, backed by the Governors of four states, ex-Governor A1 Smith, Mayor Jimmy Walker and Senators Copeland and Wagner of New York. Tom Mooney, one-time labor leader, is Kid McCoy’s fellow prisoner, and is doing life for alleged planting of a bomb beside a parade in San Francisco years ago. Mooney says he’s innocent. So Judge Griffin, who tried and sentenced him; former Copl un of Detectives Matlieson, who arrested him; the jurymen who found him guilty, the bulk of the witnesses against him, the chief among whom are proved perjurers; the present district attorney; many newspapers of the nation; Catholic, Protestant and Jewish church leaders and organizations; the American Federation of Labor; United States senators, Governors, authors; virtually every one who has taken the time to study the evidence, say his trial was unfair This month Mooney’s volunteer attorney, Frank P. Walsh of New' York, will plead with Governor Rolph to pardon Mooney. Again he will present evidence of Mooney’s perfect alibi, the venality of the witnesses, the rock-ribbed proof that Mooney could not have committed the crime for which he has served the bpst one-fifth of his life. With no desire to prejudice the plea of McCoy, the people of America will fail to see the justice of considering his petition before that of Mooney. McCoy may be innocent. Mooney is innocent. Perhaps McCoy should be pardoned. But certainly Mooney should be. A Decalog of Commercial Common Sense In the age of the Smoot-Hawley tariff, a free trade league seems as much out of place as a whisky merchant at a W. C. T. U. convention. But while there is life there is hope. The league is reviving activity. It was organized by those eminent liberals. William Cullen Bryant and David A. Wells, back in 1866, and kept alive by George Haven Putnam and his fellow free traders. The league announces the following decalog of commercial common sense: ‘‘l. Freedom of trade is an essential factor in securing and maintaining the peace of the world. “2. The people of the world are entitled to obtain, free from any needless charges or burdens, the materials of production required for their livelihood and their work. "3. The devastations of the war and the depressions that have followed have made it more evident that the imposition of tariff charges upon food, clothing and equiment for the millions of people who have suffered therefrom is little short of crime. It is qually true at nil times that to increase the cost of the means of livelihood to peoples in need is likewise, if not a crime, at least an economic blunder. "4. First steps toward freedom of trade should provide for removal of duties on food of the people and materials cf Industry, simplification of administrative methods, and repeal of obsolete navigation laws, a repeal necessary to enable our country to uphold freedom of the seas. "5. The claim that tariffs assist industry and foster production proves delusive in the long run, for, on the contrary, tariff taxes constitute a burden on productive industry and, by reducing available markets, lessen the demand for labor and capital. "6. Trade being essentially an exchange of goods, to buy we must sell, and to sell we must buy; thus imports and exports involve each other and the prohibition or discouragement of purchases from other nations prevents export of our products, thus forcing labor from natural channels, through which production and trade are increased, into artificial channels, which misdirect production and are wasteful of labor. "7. Lower wage scales and lower standards of living in other countries do not justify high tariffs for the United Slates; experience has shown that labor efficiency is promoted and labor cost reduced by the higher wage scale and higher standard of living which are the bases of the most successful American industries. "8. Freedom of trade among countries gives the best assurance of peace on earth and good will among •nations. The economic peace and political security thus assured will prove the best safeguard for the IBimnnency of a league of free nations. •9 We welcome the co-operation of all opposed

The Indianapolis Times Kk StKim-HOHAKI) NblVsriPEKi ° wneddH l "- T 't x , rep ! BtU 8 t UD n ay ‘ '7 The ‘Ddiauapoll. Times Publishing Cos. 2M ' 220 Went Maryland Street Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County 2 rents n copy: elsewhere. 3 cents- delivered by carrier 12 cents a week B<J ' I prm RLEV K ° V V ““WARD. FRANK <i MOICKISON Edltor * resident Business Manager E T lt 1 ley . ■ 0551 THURSDAY. APRIL 9, 1331. Member of I tilted Press Serlpps lJ,, ward Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise A.so elation Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau r,f Circulations. “Give Light and the People Wiif Pind Their Own Way? 7 ”

to tariff protection and to other forms of indirect taxation, which tend to favor the few at the expense of the many, to make the rich richer and the poor poorer. ‘‘lo. We also invite the co-operation of all Americans who, though not prepared to favor for the United States entire freedom of trade, such as that between our forty-eight states on which American prosperity has been built, are ready to join with us in working for tariff reduction in the interest of our 120,000,000 people as consumers and, by thus widening the home market, in the interest also of American producers.” During the last generation free traders have been viewed by the “right thinkers’’ as cranks, dreamers and visionaries. But the anthology of supporting opinion which the league published along with its decalog indicates that many of our greatest bankers and industrialists are coming to doubt the superstition that the protective tariff system Is a divinelyrevealed dogma, comparable to the Virgin birth or the immortality of the soul. Tweedledum? Chicago has another colorful mayor in the person of Tony Cermak. In some ways Cermak is more colorful even than the unlamented Big Bill Thompson, whom he ousted. But as Chicago has discovered in the past to its sorrow—not to mention the experiences of New York and other cities—color is no substitute for courage in a mayor. Cermak may keep his pledge to clean out the racketeers and municipal corruption. The record in the past does not leave one completely hopeful. Usually it has been a case of tweedledum ousting tweedlcdee. In Chicago it happened to be a Republican ring wh ich was rotten. In New York it is a Democratic ring. But in Chicago the Democratic outs have been fairly thick with the Republican ins, as in New York the Republican outs have shared the spoils with the Democratic ins. Big Bill was not defeated by the Democrats, but by his Republican followers, who deserted him. Instead of dividing the Democrats, as in earlier battles, he found his own forces divided. The reason for this internal Republican revolt we do not pretend to know, but we have an idea that it will be the key to future reform—or lack of reform. Was the reason a genuine Republican revulsion against graft and crime? Or was it merely that the Republican politicians discovered that Big Bill had become too odorous for their purpose, and therefore put him on the spot? If time proves that the only thing changed at city hall is the party label, doubtless then it will occur to Chicago that there is no reason for Democratic and Republican parties in municipal affairs, that honest and efficient municipal administration is a job for nonpartisan and scientific managers, rather than for ward heelers. “Ominous” “Ominous, formidable, challenging” are the adjectives applied by Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, secretary of the interior, to the black density of America’s illiteracy. The 1920 figures of 5,000,000 illiterates, all but 500,000 of whom were over 20, are being reduced somewhat, but all too slowly. Late census returns so far show a 12.6 per cent reduction in sixteen states, or a total of 147,158 persons who learned to read and write in these states in ten years. At this rate it would take seventy years to eradicate illiteracy in the United States. A drive is on, however, by the national advisory committee on illiteracy, of winch Wilbur is chairman, and its effects do not show in the census count to date. All honor to the men and women in this movement! They are striking at the root of our evils. When ignorance vanishes democracy can enter, and not until then. Does the Democratic candidate for mayor in Chicago, who appeals to the common sense voters, want to make of the election an intelligence test?

REASON bv '“ CK

THE papers say that we are getting ready to build a very imposing embassy in Paris for accommodation of the American ambassador, which is all right, since nations are supposed to house their foreign representatives decently. a a a But we do wish some way could be found to open the foreign service equally to capable men. whether they be rich or poor, and about the only way to do this is to build a suitable building and provide for its maintenance. a a As it is now, the foreign service belongs entirely to rich men, usually those rich men who have contributed liberally to the campaign fund of the victorious party. Nothing could be more at odds with the philosophy of representative government. a a a IT is true that foreign representatives do not do the important work they once did, the cable and the wireless having converted them into glorified messenger boys, but they will be continued so long as nations endure, for formal purposes, if nothing more. a a st Benjamin Franklin was the greatest ambassador this country ever sent to Paris or anywhere else, for that matter, but he didn’t have any imposing embassy to operate from, and because he rented several rooms in a hotel and kept a horse and buggy. John Adams, his associate, accused him of extravagance. a o a Thomas Jefferson had more respect for Franklin. In fact Jefferson correctly thought that Franklin was in a class by himself, a conclusion with which the history is sure to agree, for now, after the slow appraisal of a century, the quaint figure of the aged philosopher is rising to its real stature. a a ts WHEN Jefferson presented his credentials as our representative to the French court, they said to him: ‘‘And so you have come to take the place of Dr. Franklin!” And Jefferson replied: ‘‘No man can take the place of Dr. Franklin! I am only his successor.” Such praise seldom came from the lips of Jefferson. aa , a To the French. Franklin embodied all that they admired, all that they half consciously were seeking, all that they soon were to demand amid the red light of revolution. He stood for justice and the rights of man; he seemed to them the embodiment of the progress of liberty. B B B He was scientist, inventor, philosopher and friend of man and they greeted him with open arms. In his doeskin suit he was more illustrious than the king in purple and lace and his picture was found in palace and in hut.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS;

Big Bill Thompson's Reaction to Defeat Should Be An Interesting' Study for Psychologists. NEW YORK, April 9.—“ Your election is notice that the gangsters must vamoose,” wires former Governor Smith of New York to Anton J. Cermak, newly elected mayor of Chicago. Though such message hardly is calculated to bring cheers from A1 Capone, it has merit. If half our politicians were equally frank, it would not be necessary to overturn the government of our second largest city to let gangsters know that moving day had arrived. The upset in Chicago is so plain tha’ even Big Bill Thompson should be able to understand it, but you never can tell. If he has a better side, it was not revealed in his twelve years as mayor of Chicago. Mabye it has been so completely atrophied by egotism that the most spectacular defeat in Chicago's history will not suffice to bring it out. At any rate, Big Bill’s reaction should prove an interesting study for psychologists. n a a

Frankness Gets Inning SPEAKING of frankness on the part of politicians, particularly as illustrated by former Governor Smith throughout his career, the : so-called Raskob plan has done a lot to rejuvenate it in the Democratic party. That in itself is enough to justify all the rumpus, no matter what the outcome. What wc need in both parties is more plain, honest, straightforward discussion. Nothing has done so much to confuse politics as lack of it. Ever since the war, both parties have been emphasizing minor issues for no purpose in the world except to evade major issues. In spite of all the talk, little has been accomplished with regard to those minor issues, because nobody was interested after the campaign, and less has been accomplished with regard to major issues, because of the precampaign straddle. • a The ‘Pool-house’ Resents It IT goes without saying that President Hoover meant no harm when he used the v/ord “poorhouse” in connection with 'the Virgin islands. But that is beside the mark. It is not what a man means that determines the effect of his words, but the way other people understand them. People of the Virgin islands are not only sensitive over their present condition, but hold the United States largely responsible for it. They are only human when they resent having it called to their attention bv the President. What they want, and what they believe they are entitled to, is assistance. They feel that they not only have been neglected, but have been made to suffer through laws and restrictions imposed on them by the United States. Their population has shrunk by 15 per cent since they were taken over by this country in 1917. Two of their principal sources of trade—rum and bay rum—virtually have been annihilated. The result has been doubly disappointing, because it is so different from what they expected, and because they are helpless to remedy it on their own account. Until this govrnment is ready to do something effectual and constructive in their behalf, words, especially to a critical character, should be avoided. a tt a Timid About Money TFIE depression has led to some rather curious consequences. Money is hard to get, not only for promotion cf new business, but for continuance of old business, even along reduced lines, yet there seems to be plenty of it on hand. The state of New York just has borrowed $34,000,000 at the lowest rate of interest in twenty-five years —3’i per cent. Last month the United States government borrowed $594,000,000 at 3% per cent. Savings bank deposits have increased throughout the country, though they pay only 4 or iV 2 per cent. If such conditions prove anything; it is that those who have money, whether in large or small amounts, are suffering from timidity. The difference between what financiers regard as gilt-edged security and what they classify as reasonable business investments, has grown too great for commercial health. We are not going to put our unemployed back to work as long as industry has to pay twice as much for money as savings banks, and three times as much as the call market.

Questions and

Answers

How can wood be bent to a permanent shape? The United States forest service says that the wood must first be steamed, and while pliable is pressed mto the desired form, or bent in the desired shape and nailed into position. When it dries it will keep its shape. What is the heating element in an electric toaster? It consists of a wire that offers high resistance to the flow of current, and therefore becomes redhot. Nihcrome is the trade name for the resistance wire that is chiefly used in such appliances. Where is the city of Sommerda? In Germany. Is there such a word as peopling? It is the participle of the verb to people, and means -.tocking with inhabitants. For what book did Sinclair Lewis win the Nobel prize for literature? He won on the merits of his books in general. “Main Street,” "Babbit” and ‘‘Elmer Gantry,” received special mention. “Arrowsmith” was not mentioned in the j report. For what does Ph. D. stand? Doctor of Philosophy. What is the symbol of the tenth wedding anniversary? * Tin.

Can’t See the Forest for the Tree!

* —rlZAcG.urvTj' —

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE , Diabetes Rarely Found With Anemia

BY 1)R. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygcia. the Health Magazine. A PERSON who has either diabetes or pernicious anemia is sick; a combination of the two diseases makes him especially sick. Naturally, when two such serious diseases occur in combination, physicians are particularly interested to know whether the combination is purely accidental or whether the relationship may have some common factor as a cause. According to Dr. Howard F. Root, he has been able to find records of forty-eight cases of this kind. In 7,000 cases of diabetes, there were thirteen in which pernicious anemia also was present. Among 2,000 cases of diabetes and 1,000 cases of pernicious anemia, there were only three in which a combination of the two occurred. Diaebetes, according to Pr. Root, occurs about equally between the two sexes, whereas in pernicious anemia, men tend to be more frequently affected than women.

IT SEEMS TO ME

EUGENE O'NEILL probably was a little ahead of his time when he wrote a play about a young man who decided to worship a dynamo. Critics found the idea fantastic. But in the last few years machinery definitely has achieved its place upon the altar. Almost it ranks with holy relics as something calculated to cure all our ills. The leadership of contending economic and political theories lies with Russia and the United States. It is curious that we so persistently refused to recognize the Soviet republic, because Russia in many respects has held up a mirror to our industrialism. Stalin and Ford, Ford and Stalin—they are accepted prophets of the modern age. It is no minor difference that Russia is building a scheme of distribution unlike our own. But in the field of production the resemblances are obvious. If I may steal a figure from Ben Hect, “What is Mr. Stalin, after all, but Henry Ford standing on his head?” a a a it Sounds Logical IT would be difficult for anybody to make out a case against the new efficiency which can and should come from the machine age. And yet I am not altogether disposed to break into a long cheer over the fact that mankind seems hell-bent to bind itself into a factory system. Machinery is, among other things, impersonal. And I am afraid that its tyranny may not be wholly abated by saying, “But this is quite a different sort of dynamo. This is a kindly and a friendly gadget. This is a proletarian dynamo.” I wonder if it is possible for the worker ever to own in a complete spiritual sense any moving belt which he is assigned to serve. Within my lifetime I have found no creed so universally accepted as the present worship of industrialism. It draws followers both from right and left and all along the center. Folk like Thoreau and William Morris are dismissed as sentimental old fogies. a sx a Not in the Books THE answers from the Russian representatives seemed a little vague. But one Communist, who undertook to act as spokesman, explained that the question would not arise in the Russian mind. He said in effect: “You don’t understand when you speak in terms of pressure and compulsion. That isn’t the point. You must grasp the Russian spirit. “Life over there is not like yours in America. It isn’t a question of putting on your overalls and going to work and then taking them off to participate in what you call ‘the individual's private life.’ “Everybody in Russia is filled with enthusiasm for the state. And even after you have made your contribution of toil to the furtherance of the Five-Year Plan, you sit around in the evening and discuss it with your fellows. “No painter worth his salt would have any interest except in promoting through his art the growth and triumph of the Soviet republic.” It is difficult, of course, for a man to understand the emotions of a cheering section or & revival meet-

In thirty-one out of forty-eight cases, diabetes came first and the pernicious anemia followed; in four cases, the pernicious anemia occurred first, and in the other instances it was impossible to say. The physicians are inclined to believe that there is family influence in this relationship between diabetes and pernicious anemia. Thus, in one family a man 59 years old had pernicious anemia, a brother had had excretions of sugar and pernicious anemia, a sister 55 years of age had pernicious anemia, a brother aged 50 had diabetes, a brother aged 49 was well, the mother died of diabetes and the father had excretion of sugar and died of an infected foot with gangrene. The father’s brother had anemia from which he died, and the father’s sister died at the age of 30 from pneumonia. The mother’s sister had diabetes, but one brother of the mother died of old age. The grandfather of the patient died of pernicious anemia, and it is

ing if he sits a little to the right. But from such a distance the gospel of self-immolation is not altogether stirring. I do not hold with that creed of rugged individualism which maintains that each person should be allowed to starve in any way he pleases. But I fear I catch the echo not of anew faith, but an ancient one in this insistence, that each man is nothing in himself and exists only through his function as the cog in a great machine. Gravely do I doubt the glory of human brotherhood if there is to be from now on no such thing as man, but only men in the mass. Fellowship will be confounded

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—l, too, am disgusted with our gas and light bills. Is it possible that either one of these two companies has felt the depression, or just add more on to your bill and to mine? It would be interesting to know. Having lived in other cities, I truthfully can say that gas and light bills in Indianapolis are, in some instances, double what they were elsewhere. Yes, we have complained to both companies, but the next time I doubt if I can restrain myself from climbing over the counter to gain the respect to which a consumer is entitled. After one of my complaints w-as registered, the company did send a man out to inspect the meter. A few days later I was honored with a well-written letter advising that my meter had been inspected and found to be O. K. Now wouldn't it have been foolish for them to admit otherwise? And it surely must have been, for my bills since then have been even higher. It is folly to think a few of us can accomplish much toward the end that we may expected more

HtclolaM' i&'TMtr mTT'PrfTzjlj’:

SEIZURE OF WAR SHIPS April 9 ON April 9, 1917, United States customs officials seized fourteen Austrian merchant ships in American ports after news was flashed from Washington that a formal break had come between this country and Austria-Hungary. The ships taken were at New York, Boston, New Orleans, Pensacola, Galveston, Newport, Philadelphia and Tampa, and their total tonnage was 67.807, gross. As was the case w r ith German ships seized the previous week, the machinery in most of them had been damaged. Explaining the status of the ships in a statement issued at Washington, Secretary of Treasury McAdoo said that the government had not confiscated the vessels, but had acted for the purpose of protecting them “from further injury.” The officers and crews of the ships were taken into custody by the department of labor.

likely that his brother also had pernicious anemia. Here is the type of family history which seems to indicate quite definitely the importance of taking into account the family history in such cases. It is interesting to know that the modern methods of treating these two diseases, through the use of insulin for the diabetes and of liver extract for the pernicious anemia, have been uniformly good in patients recently treated by these methods. Another reason why these two diseases are perhaps seen more frequently now than formerly is the fact that formerly either one of them was quite capable of killing off people promptly, whereas modern methods of treatment make it possible for such people to live longer, so that the second disease puts in appearance after the first. Associated with the use of liver extract and insulin, it is customary to give such patients a diet rich in vitamins to build up their resistance and state of .nutrition.

HEYWOOD BROUN

unless there is respect for the boundary lines which surround each individual Adam. Man must preserve in spirit some vision of a Sabine farm which is his own. I speak in symbols, for I do not hold that it is necessary for each one of us to keep cows and chickens. I am talking of certain impulses which can grow only in the solitary and secret places of the heart. Stalin and Ford, Ford and Stalin have conquered all the world but for one crowded corner. In an ancient land there sits a small man at a spinning wheel. He is not a logician. He is not an economist. And yet Gandhi, the little man in the loin-cloth, may, in the long run, lick them both. (Copyright. 1931. by The Times)

reasonable gas and light bills. However, I feel safe in assuming there are quite a number who would like to see this accomplished. There is a way. Organize. I wonder if there is a hall in Indianapolis large enough to hold a gathering of this kind. Would like to hear more from E. A. and others along this line. P. D. Q. Editor Times—That place in the ranks of sportsmen and gentlemen made vacant by the untimely death of Knute Rockne long will remain unfilled. As far as the layman is concerned aviation has, by this tragedy, suffered its most severe blow. The ship in which Mr. Rockne rode was not a craft of war; it was net an experimental plane; it should not have been an unsafe vehicle; and it should have been, and probably was, under control of an experienced pilot. Accordingly, the public deserves an authoritative explanation of what caused this wreck. For many years the department of commerce has investigated every major airplane crash. It has, however, been the policy of the depart-

Freshen Up How about that little job of painting around the home that you have been promising to do all winter “when spring comes?” Don’t put it off any longer. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a bulletin on PAINTING AROUND THE HOME that gives proper directions and valuable suggestions for simple methods for painting both outside and inside the house and outbuildings. It tells about paint, about preparing wood surfaces for painting, about finishing floors, how to apply wall paint, use of water paints' staining shingles, painting metal surfaces, removing old paint, how to care for paint brushes. Fill out the coupon below and send for it. CLIp COUPON HERE Department 122, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times. 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin, PAINTING AROUND THE HOME and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs ! Name Street and No ., State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.).

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without resard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

APRIL 9, 1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ

Perfumes Made of Deadly Explosives, Poisonous Gases and 111-Smelling Liquids. r T''HE modern magic of chemistry is illustrated spectacularly by the manufacture of synthetic perfume flavors. Deadly explosives poisonous gases, and ill-smelling liquids go into the retort of the chemist and come out highly prized, and highly expensive, perfumes. One cf the foundations of many perfumes is phenylethyl alcohol. (The name is not as. hard to pronounce as it appears to be. Note that it is merely the addition of phenyl and ethyl.) This alcohol occurs in natural attar of roses. The chemist manufactures this alcohol by beginning with toluene, a coal-tar distillate which smells like gasoline. To this he adds chlorine a highly poisonous gas which was used during the World war. He treats these two with another deadly poison, cyanide. The result is the desired alcohol. By ft somewhat similar process in which the startling point is benzene instead of toluene, the chemist is able to manufacture vanillin, the flavor of the vanilla bean. Another perfume base musk. It is a first cousin to TNT. the deadly_explosive used in the World war. O a a Prices Go Down THE full name for TNT is trirutroluene. The name was not made long to confuse the layman, but to aid the chemist. It means toluene containing three nitro groups. Artificial musk is simply TNT with the addition of another alcohol, this time, butyl alcohol. The technical name of artificial musk consequently has yet more syllables in it. it is trinitrobutyloluene. If you take it section at a time it is clear, thus, tri-nitro-butyl-toluene. The manufacture of artificial musk is not an easy process. It requires concentrated nitricr acid, a dangerous liquid to nandie. In addition, there is risk of fire or explosion. Asa result, the manufacture is usually carried on in a small building placed at a considerable distance from other chemical works. Natural musk, containing only 10 per cent of the active agent, once sold for $l6O a pound. Since it was only 10 per cent useful, the price for the active agent was $1,600 a pound In those days, perfumers locked up musk in a safe. Today synthetic or artificial musk. 100 per cent active, sells for less than $5 a pound. A variety of musks are on the market. In addition to the cne made from toluene, there are others manufactured from cresol and other substances. The one made from cresol is known as ambrette musk and possesses the odors of both musk and amber. a a a Chemical Analysis THE various artificial musks are at the basis of the perfume industry today and as a result the industry is definitely a department of chemistry. The chemist has shown time after time how a synthetic product can be substituted for a natural product which is difficult and expensive to obtain. The chemist in many cases has taken the natural product and analyzed it, discovering what the active agent in it was. Then he set about to devise a cheaper and easier way of obtaining it. Thus, as already mentioned, the chemist succeeded in making phenylethyl alcohol, which occurs in natural attar of roses. At one time, perfumers thought that each substance used to make perfumes yielded a single chemical substance. Thus, for example, it was supposed that the oil pressed from lemon peel was a single substance. The chemist showed that this -as not the case. The oil is a mixture of substances, some accounting for the flavor and others actually detracting from it. The principal odor of lemon is due to the presence of a substance called citral. But lemon oil is only about 7 per cent citral. The same thing has been demonstrated in the case of peppermint oil, the oil from orange peels, and other cases.

Daily Thought

That I gave my brother Hananl, and Hananiah the ruler of the palace, charge over Jerusalem; for he was a faithful man, and feared God above many,—Nehemiah 7:2. There can be no faith so feeble that God does nt respond to it.— Alexander Maclaren. ment not to make public the findings of these investigations. This is a propitious time for the newspapers and other representatives of the public to express the right of the people to unbiased facts concerning the cause c * crashes that occur when planes are operated as common carriers. READER.