Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 282, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 April 1931 — Page 4

PAGE 4

|Hj|i if scmm-HOWKjta

Who Is Indicted? When the state board of education seriously considers the abandonment of the annual basketball tournament because of alleged misconduct of boys and girls who visited that great Hoosier event, the members expose their own minds. It is due to this kind of thinking on social problems that new problems are created and never solved. The old philosophy of suppression, edict, prohibition, force rules. That philosophy has never won a permanent victory. No one would dare to suggest that any considerable number of boys and girls could have been involved In any incidents that may have shocked. Nor could any sane person believe that were the tournament abolished that the pupils who may have been so involved would not have found other places and other opportunities for the same indiscretions. Instead of talking about the abandonment of the tournament, the members might better discover against whom the indictment lies. Certainly not against the boys and girls as culprits. If they were Indiscreet, it was because someone has failed to give them either character or knowledge of evils that would cause them to shun temptations. Whatever they did can be traced to example. Who set the example for these boys and girls? Most of those who came here for the games are still under the care of public schools. The public schools are under the general control of the. very board now raising the question of removing temptations from a few by abolishing a great Indiana event, an event that has done much to develop character, a spirit of fairness, an enthusiasm for the state itself, and, most of all, a training in democratic life. Boys who play together are less likely to hate each other later. What have the schools done to put into the minds of boys and girls standards of life that would protect them against temptation? What are the schools doing to build character in those entrusted to their care? In fact, Just who is indicted? The boys or the board? Not Premature, We Hope Big Bill Thompson has been put on the spot by Chicago voters. He will take the rap at the polls Tuesday. So, at least, we are told by the political insiders. ' it would be Impolite to cheer before the event, so we refrain for the moment —hopefully. Perhaps Bill is not so bad as reputed. Probably no man could be quite that cheap. Halve his reputation, however, and he remains one of the most odorous officeholders in a nation where city graft is Common. His fame—if that is the word for it—rests chiefly on chauvinism and racketeering. Under his city hall reign, the racket was heard around the world, and the Capone pineapple became the symbol of a civilization. His genius consisted in making his fellow-citizens overlook tha rackets while they watched him clown. The spit of the machine-gun could not be heard above his bellowing—"l’ll knock the block off King George." Our Chicago friends warn us to temper our joy over Bill’s prospective burial by the ballots. They say Cermak, his election opponent, isn’t much better. ■ * But we insist there is some relief, even in variety. As for fundamental reform, that of course does not depend on a Thompson or a Cermak or any other politician, but on the will of the citizens. Like the rest of us, the people of Chicago are apt to get the kind of government they deserve. A Great Victory The best news we have heard in many a day is the decision of the federal power commission in the New River case. That sounds technical and uninteresting. But the heart of the power trust issue is tied up in it. And any citizen who thinks he has no personal stake in the power fight either is kidding himself or failing to read his monthly electric bills. Government regulation of the intertwined power corporations is the immediate issue. If regulation can not be made effective to protect the natural resources of the country and the consumer’s pocketbook, then public ownership is the only alternative. State regulation for the most part has failed. Unless the federal government does the job, it won’t be done. For one reason, because of the strength and size of the corporations. For another reason, because about 20 per cent of power distributed Is interstate, and this growing interstate business is not touched by the individual states. In this emergency, the new federal power commission has reached out and reclaimed a vast power area (or government regulation which seemed to have been thrown away by a ruling of Attorney-General Mitchell. That is the significance of the New River case decision • * * Under the law, there can be fairly effective federal regulation of power projects on streams for which companies must obtain a so-called standard form license from the commission. In this case, the Appalachian Power Company, member of a vast combine, refused the standard form license and applied for & "minor part license," which provides only nominal federal regulation. A minor part license is reserved for nonnavigable streams. When the law was written, and since ‘‘navigable’’ has meant streams affecting navigation and not simply those which were navigated directly, the Appalachian company argued for the latter interpretation, and was in part upheld by Mitchell’s decision requested by the former power commission. But the new power commission has ruled that New river is a navigable stream under the meaning of the law, because its flow obviously affects streams to which it is tributary and which are used in interstate commerce. "Ik is the unanimous opinion of the commission that the evidence clearly sustains the finding that the proposed construction would affect the interests of interstate and foreign commerce." • • • New river and the proposed $11,000,000 power project are not all-important in themselves. But the issue involved in this case is virtually the same as that in three-quarters of the power sites in the eastern part of the United States. Hence the importance of this decision as a precedent. Presumably the power interests will appeal from the commission’s ruling to the courts. That is their right. But it is hard to see how they can win. Meanwhile, a five-year light has resulted to a victory for the paopJa. In its first major decision the none-too-popslar new federal power commission has shown that it understands the issue and that it is not a rubber stamp for Attorney-General Mitchell and President Eoovar.

The Indianapolis Times (A BCBIPPS-HOWAAD NEWSPAPER) * Time. Publishing Cos. 4-220 WMt Maryland Street. Indianapolis, ind. Price In Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD E( ft l i? Llßt ROY £.37 ABD - FRANK G. MORRISON. PHONE—Riley 5551 MONDAY, APRIL 6, 1931. Member of United Prees. Bcrippu-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterpriae Absoclatlon Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of rircniatlotts. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

German Dictatorship For the second time in nine months, Germany has succumbed to dictatorship. That the change was made legally by presidential decree, under Article 48 of the Weimar constitution, makes it no less a dictatorship. Without civil liberties, there can be no democracy. President Von Hindenberg justified the suspension of constitutional rights and assumption of dictatorial powers by the governxhent on the ground that this was necessary to deal with "political excesses ” “Political excesses" is not an extreme phrase to use in describing a situation which has resulted in mere than 300 political murders and thousands of cases of political violence In the last year. Constitutional government having broken down, a resort to dictatorship appears to be justified in Germany today,' if it ever is justified anywhere, at any time. This German type of legal dictatorship has more to commend it than the similar' but diguised an;’ unconstitutional dictatorship in the United States during the war. It is not comparable, theoretically at least, to the Russian and Italian dictatorships, which make no prepretense of eventual return to democracy. The German citizen, however, is not interested in theoretical distinctions. He is up against the hard fact that the democracy won by the 1918 revolution has been lost again, for the present at any rate. His immediate reaction to the dictatorship will depend on how much it pinches him personally. If he is a Centrist, he will rejoice if he is untouched, and if both, the Fascist right and the Communist left are Injured. But it Is improbable that only the Fascist and Communist extremists will suffer. When a government uses lawlessness to fight lawlessness, discriminations are lost. The poison of ruthless power tends to infect the entire country. Dictatorship, so easy to let in, is hard to drive out. If the Germans can be made to accept a Hindenberg Centrist dictatorship today, will they not be more willing to accept a Fascist or a Communist dictatorship tomorrow? Having confessed by this new emergency decree that democratic government no longer can preserve law and order, and having proved by twelve years of increasing travail that it can not achieve prosperity for the masses, how much longer can the nominally democratic parties hold the loyalty and hope of the German people? Not long, if the extremist gains of both Fascists and Communists in the last election are a sign of the future.

Germany’s future is to the hands of foreign powers, including the United States. We and the allies dictated peace terms to Germany which made her revival as a prosperous nation impossible. Later, when “the economic consequences of the peace" we*-e understood, they were mitigated somewhat by the Dawes and more by the Young plan—but not enough. Even with large colonial and foreign markets not now in sight, Germany can not carry her economic load. Our tariff barrier increases her difficulty. So, month by month, the German middle class and working class sink nearer to starvation. Out of such desperation is born dictatorship and revolution. There is little hope of salvaging capitalist democracy in Germany without a virtual cancellation of reparations and war oebts and a, general lowering of tariff barriers. Unless the United States and other powers are willing to pay that price, a Fascist dictatorship in Germany, followed by Communist revolution, appears to be only a question of time. A Cleveland judge has been named a football referee. Whereas.he formerly heard both sides and then gave a decision, now he’ll give a decision and then hear both sides. Sometimes we think it wouldn’t be such a bad idea if train announcers changed stations with radio announcers. It may be interesting to Henry Ford, who recently suggested that school children be paid for going to school, to learn that Jackie Coogan has had his salary raised to $7,500

REASON

WE just are getting ready to build an expensive embassy in Paris for the American ambassador. If Benjamin Franklin, our greatest representative to ;he French court, looks down upon it he doubtless thinks of the time when John Adams, his associate, iccused him of extravagance because he had several •*oo os in a hotel and kept a horse and buggy. . a a a Adolphe Roome, 14-year-old California boy, is six feet tali and weighs 235 pounds, fights his father’s efforts to give him glandular treatment to stop his growth. The youth says he doesn’t care if he becomes eight feet tall. He possibly things of coming to Indiana and becoming a basketball player. a a a MAYOR THOMPSON of Chicago insults the voters of German ancestry by recalling that he was against our entering the World war. Any candidate who appeals to national prejudice should be buried beyond resurrection. The Germans of Chicago should assist in Big Bill’s obsequies, for some of the best soidiers in the American army were of German descent. a a a Fewer persons were killed diming 1930, trying to beat the train, which would seem to indicate they are learning at last that trains still run on rails. a a a Paul R. Bausman, president of the Republican Editorial Association, says that when he introduces President Hoover at Indianapolis, next June he merely will say: “Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States/' Bausman should be enrolled as a friend of man, if his brevity should become a precedent for future chairmen. a a a WE suggest that he further cut the introduction by merely saying: “Ladies and gentlemen, the President/' Most of those present will know the country Mr. Hoover is representing. Or h'e could simply wave his hand to the assembled Hoosiers and say: “Here he is!” a a a The shortest introduction ever given an American statesman was back in the eighteen forties, when Henry Clay went to Ohio to speak and Tom Corwin, the great orator, led the great Kentuckian to the front of the stage and simply said: “Clay.” It would be rather hard to abbreviate that. a a a Mr. Bausmar/# contemplated introduction Includes just nine words and possibly he would have used ten had it not been the aadionce might have thought it a telegram. Anyhow, we are glac to see a newspaper man lead a great reform.

ry FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS

The United States Is Losing Its Importance in the Eyes of Soviet Russia . NEW YORK, April 6.—According to Walter Duranty, Russian correspondent for the New York Times, the Soviet attitude toward American trade has undergone a great change during the last twelve it oaths. “A ye.r ago, the United States bulked large in the eyes of the Soviet government,” he says, and then goes on to explain how our red baiting and embargoes, coupled with the more liberal terms offered by certain European governments, changed this feeling first to resentment and then to indifference. “Without attempting to analyze the reasons for it,” he declares that Soviet Russia gradually is adopting the view that we Americans are nowhere nearly as essential to her success as she once imagined, and illustrated the point by quoting two recent editorials, one in “Economic Life,” and the other from a railroad newspaper. “Americans,” says the editorial to Economic Life, “are like Rostand’s Chanticleer, who thought the sun rose because he crowed at dawn, and one morning overslept himself, to find, to his dismay, that the sun had risen just the same.” The railroad newspaper pours scorn on a recent article in Popular Science which attributes the success of the five-year plan in Russia to the work of American specialists, and concludes with the assertion that Soviet Russia now is capable of “paddling her own canoe.”

Blind to Facts WHATEVER may be thought of Soviet Russia’s attitude toward us and our trade, it has been apparent for a long time that our attitude toward Soviet Russia and her trade is based on an utter misconception of the facts. Six years ago we started out with the idea that Soviet Russia was “an economic vacuum.” Right now a good many of us are scared lest she swallow the markets of the world. It was a case of flying from one extreme to another, of seeing everything turn red because Bolshevism lasted longer than we thought it would, of imagining unconquerable success in the absence of complete failure. tt tt tt Not Our Best Customer 'T'O begin with, the Soviet has A gotten along much better than we expected but that doesn’t mean that it has or will wipe everybody off the map. In sipte of all it has accomplished and all that some Americans imagine it is going to accomplish, its total foreign trade is only about one-third that of Canada. As to our own participation in foreign trade, we have done ten times as much business with Canada each year during the last six years as we have with Russia during the best year. Our trade with Mexico is nearly three times as great as it is with Soviet Russia. The same is true regarding our trade with China and Brazil.'ln 1929, we exchanged goods with Soviet Rusisa to the value of little more than one hundred million dollars. The same year we exchanged goods with Cuba to the value of $328,000,000. tt a j Others Far Greater CANADA, with a population of only ten millions, has been able to develop a foreign trade of more than two billion dollars. Soviet Russia, with a population of more than 140,000,000, has not developed a foreign trade half as great: In 1929 we sold Russia about $85,000,000 worth of goods, while we sold Canada more than $900,000,000 worth; Argentina, $210,000,000' China, $124,000,000; little Belgium, $114,000,000, and Japan, $259,000,000! At no time since the war has Soviet Russia bought 2 per cent of our total exports, or sold us 1 per cent of our total imports. At no time since the war has the total foreign trade of Russia equalled one half that of Belgium, the Netherlands, or Argentina. Russia’s export trade represents $3 worth of goods for each man, woman and child; ours, $42; Argentina’s SBS, and Canada’s, $125.

Here Are Some Puzzlers and Their Answers

How old mast a dog be before tax must be paid? Tax becomes due when a dog is 3 months old. How old are Julia Sanderson and Frank Crummit? Julia Sanderson was born in 1887 and Frank Qrummit in 1885. Is there any place in ♦he Bible where it speaks of sewing a piece of new cloth on an old garment? Yes. The reference is St. Mark 2:21. What great aces of the World war had the most enemy planes to their credit? Captain von Aichthofen of Germany with eighty, Major William A. Bishop of England with seventytwo, Fonck of France with seventyfive and Gujnemer of France with fifty-three. Who is Hygeia? A mythological goddess of health, daughter of Aescalupius, the god of medicine. i What are the call letters of the I new radio station at the Vatican? ! When was the first broadcast made | from the station and what is the wave length? The call letters are HVJ, and the first broadcast was made Feb. 12, 1931. The wave length is 19.84 meters. When did the first continental congress meet? It met in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 5, 1774. Does a child born in France of naturalized American citizens ternporarily residing abroad, have to come into the United States under the immigrant quota? The child is an American citizen and is not subject to any quota restriction. Do presidential electors have to vote for the nominee of the party which elected them? Theoretically, each elector may cast his vote for any one he likes for President of the United States, and there is no legal restriction

/ drOSH-

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Blood Little Affected by Violet Rays

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association, and of Hyjreia, the Health Magazine. AMONG the unusual claims made for the ultra-violet rays since they have been promoted so largely to the public has been the belief that the light rays will change the quality of the bicod in several respects. It occurred to Doctors Gerald Hoeffel and Dorothy Lyons to test these effects of ultra-violet on a group of children who were being treated with the rays for tuberculosis of the bones and joints. Forty children were chosen and divided into four equal groups, one of which was to receirve the direct rays of the sun, the second group to receive sunlight behind glass which would transmit the ultraviolet rays, the third group to receive ultra-violet rays from a mercury vapor quartz lamp, and the J

IT SEEMS TO ME

A MAN who served in the New York state legislature with James J. Walker for several years said to me the other day: “The people who are after Jimmy run the risk of underestimating his capacity. He isn’t dumb. Os course, everybody knows that he has political sagacity. But I mean more than that. He can be brilliant at times in his grasp of legislative and administrative technique. “I say ‘at times’ because there’s a catch in it. Jimmy Is what the theatrical profession knows as a quick study. Many times he has confounded critics at public hearings with the precision of his knowledge on intricate points. And yet I know that in several cases Jimmy had not" the slightest idea of what it was all about until half an hour before he went into the meeting. He can take a set of figures and memorize them in a flash. And, of course, he forgets them just as quickly as he learns them., “Once in Albany he made a very telling speech on a matter having to do with state finance. Meeting him a couple of days later, I asked

that compels him to vote for the nominee of his party. On the other hand, the electors are nominated by political parties and they are honor bound to vote for the nominees for President and Vice-Presi-dent who have been chosen by their parties in national conventions. How many countries have laws prohibiting the manufacture and sale cf alcoholic liquors? Finland, Arabia and the United States are the only ones at present. What is the difference between an orchestra and a band? An orchestra is a full company of musicians with stringed, wind and percussion instruments. A band is usually made up of wind knd percussion instruments only. Sometimes, the terms are used interchangeably. Did the person who played the role of Captain Flagg in the film version of “What Price Glory” also play it in the original stage production? Victor McLaglen played the role of Captain Flagg in the film version and Louis Wolheim had the role in the original stage production. What is the income tax deduction for a married man without dependents, and for a single man without dependents? A single man is allowed $1,500 tax free, and a married man is allowed $3,500. How much damage is dime by crows to crops in the United States annually? The estimated damage to farm produce is more than a million dollars annually. In what overseas organization did Senator David A. Seed of Pennsylvania serve in the World war? He was a major in the Three hundred eleventh field artillery from 1917 to 1919. He served "~erseas for almost two years, and received his commission from training camps. He was awarded the distinguished service medal from the United States and the French

Rushing the Season

fourth group to serve as a control, receiving no special light rays whatever. The children ranged in age from ? to 11 years. While they were undergoing treatment, studies were made of the total number of red blood cells and of white blood cells, of the red coloring matter in the blood, and of the quality of the blood generally. , So far as the red coloring matter of the blood was concerned, the average for the group of forty children at the beginning was 85 per cent, varying from 61 to 98 per cent. During the winter and fall there were minor changes to the red coloring matter, but during the spring and summer periods all of the groups increased, except the control group. In the late fail and in the early spring there was a tendency to the falling off of values.

him to go over a certain point which was not clear in my head. He grinned and said, ‘I don’t know it myself now. That was two days ago.’ ” n tt tt Too Fine AND I think that certain weaknesses generally are to be found in a man of this type. The man who can learn some necessary information in ten minutes eventually begins to scale down even that and try to do it in five. Even the warmest partisans of the mayor hardly would contend

Daily Thought

For our rejoicing is this, the testimony of our conscience, that in simplicity and godly sincerity,, not with fleshly wisdom, but by the grace of God, we have had our conversation in the world, and more abundantly to youward. —II Corinthians 1:12. The expression of truth is simplicity.—Seneca.

decoration of a chevalier, Legion of Honor. Is a vacuum a pull or a push? The United States bureau of standards says that “the work of a vacuum is done by the pressure of the atmosphere, and whether this pressure is made to pull or push depends upon the construction of the machine in which the pressure is utilized.” Actually a vacuum is nothing. How many members of the mormon church are there In Utah? 337,200. What is the origin of the quotation: “God tempers the wind to the shorn Lamb?” It is from Sterne’s ‘“Sentimental Journey,” where it is given in italics as a quotation. The origin is not known. It does not come from the Bible. How long was Myron T. Herrick the ambassador to France? From April 16, 1921, to March 31, 1929, when he died. What is the nationality and meaning of the name Auslander? It is a German family name and means foreigner. - How many battles of the Civil war were fought in Tennessee, and what were some of the more important ones? Next to Virginia, Tennessee was the principal battle ground during the Civil war. and a historian has counted 454 battles and skirmishes that took place within its borders. Among the principal battles were these of Shiloh, Stone River (Murfreesboro), Chickamauga, Chattanooga and Nashville. In which states can aliens, who have declared their intention to become citizens, vote? With certain limitations as to the time of declaring their* intention prior to election, declarents can vote in Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas and Wisconson, ts otherwise qualified.

Asa result of this study, the authors concluded that there seems to be a slight tendency for hemoglobin values to be higher in summer, but apparently the ultra-violet rays have nothing definite to do with this.' The average number of red blood cells per public millimeter for children of this age is about 5,000,000. There was no apparent effect on the number of red blood cells in any of the groups. Indeed, all the studies made on the blood from every possible point of view seemed to indicate that the ultra-violet rays were without specific effect on any of the blood factors. So far as the effects of the rays on the healing of tuberculosis were concerned, the authors have felt that the effects of light can not be distinguished from the beneficial effects exerted by other factors, such as good food, proper rest, outdoor air and general care.

RV HEYWOOD JSY BROUN

that he has spent long hours at his desk. He doesn’t begin to work as hard as Hylan did. But there were problems concerning which Hylan could learn nothing even if he wrestled with them for a year—or even through two terms, for that matter. The drive against Mayor Walker may spur him into new energy. And if he becomes more efficient in the next few months, he ought to realize that his severest critics also are his best friends. T B^ fc - w °rk as he may, there is one aurdle he can not get over. Friends have defended him against attack on the ground that he is a good fellow, i think this is one of the moot severe charges which have been leveled against him. For my own part, I see little to criticise in the fact that he plays kf rd ; . . N ° r can it matter much what kind of pajamas he wears ■while posing for news reel men. But he never is likely to be a man capable of setting his face against the requests of district leaders A1 Smith did reach a point where he could steel himself in the face of organization pressure. Toward “5® of bis career to Albany, Mr. Smith made appointments of a very high caliber. He 'Didn't Know' TIMMY became mayor chiefly on " fc be ground that he was a good campaigner. Probably he still is I haven’t a doubt that when he returns there will be a gleat deal of hat-tossing and hullabaloo. Heaven knows, I grudge him not a bit renewed health and heavy coat ox tan. And I am not averse to joining in such cheers as may be raised for Jimmy the good fellow. But there is the tragedy of it: His constant defense has been "I didn’t know.’ And in saying this he makes out not only a truthful case, but one exceedingly damaging to himself. Let me speak for a moment to terms of the business which I know best. What would the community say about a managing editor who declared: ‘lt may be true that several people in my sporting department are corrupt I have heard ttiat one ST„f andl * orta i,' wltere 15 Quite possibly there may be somehing in the rumor that the dramatic critic is on. the pay roll of a theatrical manager. But don’t blame me. I didn’t know'” (Copyright 1931. by The Times)

Fun and Frolic S t.oubles about how you are going to “entertain” your guests. * — CLIP COUPON HERE Dept 112, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, ‘ > : 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C I want a copy of the bulletin INDOOR GAMES and enelnso with 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncaucelled United States ocrta.pl stamps to cover return postage and handling costs: Postage NAME- * STREET AND NO. CITy STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code

(deals and opinions expressed in this column arc those of one of America’s nost interesting writers and are presented without regard to their j.? r disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

-APRIL 6, 1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

Cottonseed,. Once. Discarded ci Useless, Now Highly Valuable to Industry. r T'HE cottonseed today is almost A as valuable as the cotton itself- Industries whose plants are valued at hundreds of millions of dollars are built upon the cottonseed. Therein lies one of the triumphs of the machine age, with its emphasis upon research and the discovery of processes for the manfacture of by-products. Half a century ago, the big problem at cotton gins was what to do with the cottonseeds. Many of the southern states had to pass laws prohibiting the dumping of them into streams, because they rotted, killing the fish and polluting the water. Today, manufacturing plants, not only in the south, but scattered throughout the big cities of the east as well make use of the cottonseed to produce a variety of products ranging all the way from rope to the stuffing material for upholstered furniture, and from butter substitutes to roofing tar. Research specialists turned the trick by studying the cottonseed, separating it into its component parts and finding a suitable use for each part. a o 0 Four Constituents THE cottonseed is a small seed consisting of four parts, an outer covering of lint, a thin woody hull, an interior of yellow meal, and, scattered through this meal, tiny cells which contain oil. From these four, known as the linters, hulls, meal and oil, hundreds of products are manufactured today. The lintejs are used as stuffing material for cushions, upholstery and the like, for the manufacture of absorbent cotton, felt, and arti* fleial leather, for the manufacture of low-grade yarns, from which in turn, lamp wicks, twine, rope and carpets are made, and for the manufacture of cellulose. Cellulose finds a wide variety of use, ranging from artificial silk and celuloid toilet articles to explosives. The hulls are used chiefly for animal feed and for the manufacture of fertilizer. The meal also is used for animal feed and for fertilizer, but in addition is used in the manufacture of dyestuffs and of flour. The oil has the widest number -of uses. A number of edible products are made from it, including lard substitutes, butter substitutes, cooking oil, salad oil and oleomargarine. It also is used in packing sardines, in the manufacture of lubricating oils, cosmetics, candles, paints, soaps, washing powder, dyestuffs, and roofing tar. tt tt tt Cottonseed Mills . MANUFACTURING processes begin in mills where the seeds are separated into their constituent parts. The seeds pass through cleaning machinery first, which removes the outer covering of lint, or the linters, as it is called. Next, the seeds pass into- the hwler, where they are chopped up bv revolving knives and then dropped on to shakers which separate the hulls from the kernels. The kernels then pass into cookers, where they are cooked by steam. From the cookers they are" placed in hydraulic pressses, which squeeze out the crude oil, leaving the meal in the form of cakes. The crude oil is treated with caustic soda, which separates it into two portions, a heavy component which is used as soap-stock and a light yellow oil which is put to the variety of uses already detailed. The manufacture of -edible products from cottonseed oil is. a triumph of modern chemistry. Many involved reactions must be carried out to refine- the oil, deodorize it, and otherwise purify it. Chemists,' however, do not feel that they have reached the limit of uses for cottonseed oil. in all parts of the world, laboratories are studying the problem. There are research chemists who literally are devoting their entire careers to the study of cottonseed oil and its possibilities.

■ffpfSyppfy

DECLARATION OP WAR April 6 ON April 6, 1917, the house of representatives passed a resolution, which the senate had passed two days before, declaring war against Germany. The vote in the senate had been 82 to 6. The vote to the house Was 373 to 50. The joint resolution was signed by Thomas R. Marshall, VicePresident; Champ Clark, Speaker of the house, and approved by President Wilson on this date. Our entrance into the war followed the breaking off of diplomatic relations after Germany had begun campaign of unrestricted submarine warfare and 200 Americans had jest their lives on the high seas. Two days after the. resolution declaring war was adopted, the Austrian charge d’affaires in Washington asked for his passports, because his country was an ally of Germany. • '' It was not, however, untl Dec 7, 1917, that war was declared against Austna-Hungary.