Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 281, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 April 1931 — Page 4

PAGE 4

st*ipp s - h rtw AJf D

Lawyers: Model 1931 A generation back there was no little concern over the emergence of the corporation lawyer. The struggling individual attorney representing personal clients had to take a back seat in the presence of the suave, self-contained and persuasive counsel for a great railroad, bank, or commercial organization. This man represented impersonal power and wealth. Joseph H. Choate was, perhaps, the perfect personification of the new species. Today, however, the lawyers themselves have become corporations in fact, though they may in some cases retain the partnership' relation. In the place of the dingy office, housing or e or two seedy attorneys, with coats off and vests unbuttoned, we have impressive mahogany chambers in which are ensconced a corps of specialists who constitute a massive and smooth-running legal machine. The contrast between the old individualistic lawyer and the new legal corporation is set forth well by Lewis Nichols in an article in the New York Times, entitled, “Even Blackstone Wouldn't Know Them.” He might as well have said that Webster, Lincoln, or Seward would not have known them. We reproduce some of the more cogent sections of Nichols' article: "In attaining to the proud position as one of the world's greatest industries, they found it necessary to change to meet the new requirements. No longer iust attorneys, with a catcli-as-catch-can practice, they now are corporations. “The sad, inefficient—but sometimes entertaining —days of a man, a clerk, and a dog-eared copy of the works of Blackstone definitely are gone. For now seventy lawyers, due members of the bar, pore over books and call their souls their own, although bodies belong to the firm. “In olden days their rooms did not shine like this. With dusty windows, dusty books, a tatterdemalion roll-top desk and a dusty stenographer, they were untidy, comfortable, ajid the last vague relic of the snuffbox era. Lawyers were unafraid to put their feet on the chairs, and they were feet quite as unpolished as the other surroundings. “But, that has changed—possibly in the direct ratio to the upward swing in incorporating fees . . . ‘ Their offices are hidden away in any of the lower addresses of Broadway, of Wall Street, a section of Nassau, and the more staid and sedentary parts of William High in the air, with curtained windows, they scan the city they have helped to incorporate under the laws of Delaware. Beneath them brokers love and hate, buy stocks on margin and hire blonde stenographers, but they have none of it. Only the majesty of conscious power is theirs. “They own the thirty-fourth floor, the top of the building. Elevators run to them, but not beyond. A passenger, stumbling in by error, easily might conclude that only heaven can lie above. “And it is doubtful whether the angels, the cherubim and seraphim, would feel quite at home in the offices of the mighty. There is mahogany from the ■west, teak from the east, marble from the south, and minerals from the north. Not to mention sixty-three attorneys from New York and lowa. “The office has so changed that a client, getting out of the elevator, finds himself in a massive hall instead of the small, cluttered room of yesteryear. Opposite him are many doors of shaded glass, frowning and intent on something that is particularly relevant, competent, and material. Dressed mainly in gray, they are the youngsters, the late graduates of Harvard, the splinters of the firm’s corporate shingle.” No doubt all this has produced a great saving of time and increase of efficiency. But we hardly can look to such organizations for tender solicitude in regard to the common man and his constitutional rights. A gain in specialized competence has been purchased at a loss in human relationships and social conscience.

Whose Attorney General? Attorney-General Mitchell may be long on law. but he is short on good taste. He proposes to throw the department of justice into the Hoover-senate rourt fight over the appointment of Chairman George Otis Smith of the federal power commission. The President refused to recognize the senate's withdrawal of confirmation of Smith. Mitchell is shrewd enough as a lawyer to admit that “the propriety of having another official of the department appear as attorney of record for the defendant Is open to question.” He further admits that “there also is a technical question as to the statutory authority of the attorneygeneral to appear as attorney for a federal official in such liigation.” Having admitted that he probably is barred from the case, both by propriety and by statute, it might be supposed that Mitchell would keep hands off. Instead, he means to use department of justice lawyers to defend Smith in the "capacity of friends of the court." In that capacity, he adds, "they will be in a position to, and intend to. support the validity of the appointment as vigorously as they know how." Mitchell seems to forget that he is the sworn and paid attorney-general of the United States—not the attorney-general of the President. Help for the Blind One of every thousand persons in this country is blind. Yet until something like the approaching world conference on wo k for the blind calls it to our attention, we give little thought to this appalling condition that does not come or go with the rise and fail of prosperity, but constantly demands our intelligent help. Forty per cent of the blind are younger than 50 years, needing adequate education in youth and needing work at which they can earn a living when they are older. We have done something for the blind. There are fifty-four residential schools and twenty-one day schools scattered throughout the country, caring for blind young people in large cities. There are r.o schools of higher education, but in twenty-one states scholarships are given to employ readers for blind students. Twenty-six states have agencies to direct home teaching and other services for the blind, and twentyone state* have relief agencies for the needy blind. But these things are only a few of the many which could be done. During April, delegates from thirty-five nations will be In thi* country to attend the world conference called for exchange of information and ideas by tho.se working for the blind. This conference should widen the sympathetic vision of those of us who see.

The Indianapolis Times <A 8C KIPPS-HOW ARD NI.WSPAPfr.Kt Owned tod published daily texeept Sunday* by Tbe lodiauapoiia Time# Publishing Cos 214-22 U We*t Maryland Street Indiana poll*, jnd. Price in Marion County. 2 centa a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents— delivered by carrier 12 ceuis a week BOYD OIRLEY BOY VV HOWARD. FRANK G M*K BISON Editor President Business Manag-r PHONE— ttlby S-Vtl BATURDAY. APRIL 4, 1931. Member of United Press tkripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Russia Feeds Americans Russia now is the third largest customer* of the United States, the department of commerce announced Friday. Only the United Kingdom and Canada are buying more Jrom us than Russia. Russia paid us $21,593,000 for goods in February’ alone. Unlike other nations, she buys much from us, but sells us little. That is. the trade balance is heavily in our favor—indeed, she pays us $46 for every $1 we But Russia is human, she resents our attempts to embargo and discriminate against the few products she sells us. Therefore, she is begining to withdraw her purchases from us, and is giving them to European countries willing to play fair with her. How much longer is the Hoover administration going to let its anti-Russian mania kill the legitimate trade of American firms? Those An •"rican sales of $21,593,000 a month stand between this country and worse depression. Every dollar of Russian trade destroyed by the administration's ruinous policy adds to the army of the unemployed and takes bread out of the mouths oi suffering Americans.

A Few Facts Washington announces that the federal budget deficit will approach $800,000,00, the largest in our history. London announces that the British budget deficit will exceed $116,000,000, Washington announces that the number of totally unemployed in the United States exceeds 6,000,000. London announces that the number of totally unemployed in Great Britain exceeds 3,000,000. But— The United States, despite its mounting deficit and the desperation of its people, continues to pay out more money for its army and its navy than any other nation in the world—almost $750,090,000 a year, or an increase over pre-war of 161 per cent. Great Britain, despite her deficit and the misery of her unemployed, continues to pay out about $550.000.000 a year on her military and naval establishment —an increase over pre-war of 43 per cent. And the United States and Great Britain continue this expensive preparation for war against weaker and smaller nations, despite their repeated disarmament pledges and their signatures to the Kellogg pact outlawing war. What to do? Lord Robert Cecil propose a 25 per cent cut in the arms budgets of all nations. That would remove some of the hypocrisy of nations which swear with one hand to disarm, and with the other hand increase armaments. It would save more than $1,090,000,000 a year. If that billion-dollar waste were turned into productive enterprise, it would provide work and self-respect for the totally unemployed of the world, which League of Nations’ figures place at 17.000,000. If our government really wants peace and a revival of prosperity , why does it not lead a world movement for the proposed 25 per cent reduction in mili-tary-naval budgets? Ours is the most powerful and most protected nation in the world. If we do not lead, no other nation dares do so. An English lecturer says American writers don’t clearly define their characters. Our authors should realize that clarity begins at home. The pen is mightier than the sword, which might explain why Lewis and Dreiser prefer not to have it out in the good old Parisian way. Tine best of motorists, unfortunately, often take turns fer the worse. Many people showed resentment at the Benedict Arnold trial over the radio. They felt, perhaps, that there was no good treason for it. Dorothy thinks that a salutary event is what happens when a buck private meets a superior officers. The woman who buys an article for a song usually hears a “refrain’’ from her husband. It doesn't cost anything to have a seat on the Stock Exchange kicked, muses the office sage.

REASON v

IP any of you folks want to reduce, we suggest that you take up Mahatma Gandhi's bill of fare, which consists of goat milk, vegetables, cracked corn and dates. You have only to look at Mahatma's picture in the papers to see how effective it is. tt u a He is free from the inconvenience of Bishop Candler of Georgia, who is both corpulent and witty. Candler once was asked why he didn't play golf and he said: "When I’m close enough to hit the ball, I can’t see it, and when I can see it, I’m too far away to hit it.” / a a a r T''HE wonderful advance made in the development A of television brings us closer to our greatest miracle. And incidentally it means several things to those who express themselves over the radio. Some of them will have to pay more attention to their appearance than now when everything is left to the imagination of the listener. a a a We are grateful for the fact that no one expects a mere editor to dazzle the world with his wardrobe. It may interest you to know that most of those who put on large radio numbers dress for the part, the same as if they appeared "in person.” a a a ORCHESTRAS usually appear in the studio in costume or in evening dress and those who put on plays wear the garb of their characters. This helps them put themselves into the roles. There’s a lot in dressing for the part, you know. Armies could not do so much if they* were not in uniform. O 8 ,Y President Hoover may possibly be mistaken when he declares that our purchase of the Virgin islands was a great misfortune. The main reason we bought them was to keep somebody else from getting them and erecting a naval or aviation base which would threaten the Panama canal. a a a YOU never can tell what hidden value such a strategic point may possess. For instance, when the kaiser acquired Heligoland, the world thought he was crazy, but on it he erected the greatest fortifications in Europe, commanding the entrance to the Baltic. mam We appreciate .the sentimental feeling which moves Dr. Pearse m London to bury his automobile after its twenty years of faithful service, rather than to send it to the scrap pile. We've felt the same reluctance about trading in our battered chariot, after all the rolling it has done with us and the trees we have climbed together.

THE INDIA’. -OLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Human Progress Remains Largely a Conflict Between Successful Commoners and Ancient Customs. YORK. April 4—King Haakon of Norway will knigh? Knute Rockne—a belated and rather empty honor for the dead football coach—but a naive gesture on the part of his majesty. King Alfonso of Spain washes the feet of twelve poor men, while his queen, bedecked in gold embroidered robes, does the same for twelve poor women. Not pausing to argue the motives that may have inspired them, what the vast majority of their poor subjects need is a better chance to wash their own feetIt’s a shrewd king that knows enough to stand in the reflected glory of some successful commoner, or make a hit with the masses by observing some ancient custom. It’s about the only way a king can hold his job these days.

Which Way to Heaven? \ S has been the case since the t*' dawn of time, human progress emains largely a conflict between successful commoners and ancient customs. Though proceeding by train, steamship, auto or airplane where they formerly walked, pilgrims still flocked to Jerusalem—some for the Christian Easter, some to attend the Jewish Passover, some to represent Islam’s veneration for Moses. All three religions are supposed to stand for the fatherhood of God, the brotherhood of man, and peace. Yet with that wisdom which comes from experience, British authorities have mounted machine guns at the Jaffa gate, and doubled the street patrols. The big idea is a heaven, not only for ourselves, but for everybody, yet each remains so touchy about the particular road he has chosen to get there that it doesn’t take much to start a row’ at ihe parting of the ways. tt a tt Same Old Tune IN America, we think we have a great deal of system and discipline because of machinery; think we have stumbled on something new in human affairs because of the time clock, factory whistle and conveyor. Asa matter of fact, W’e’re dancing to the same old tune, though w’e are a little surer of the immediate results. Ever since the first group of cavemen decided to co-operate for defense, or control of a garden patch, humanity never has ceased to organize around ideas and activities which impress it, or to devise rules, regulations and discipline to preserve the organization. Ever since the first savage learned how to do something his fellow’s couldn’t w’e have had specialists and experts. tt tt tt New Ways of ‘Detecting’ PROFESSOR CURT JOHN DUCASSE is right w’hen he places the so-called art expert on a parity with detectives, when he says that the detection of false pictures, spurious statuary and copied anj tiaues represents no different probi lem than the detection of any other ! fraud. The one difference is that the accumulation of knowledge has made the problem a little more difficult, whether in the line of art, stock swindles, or adulterated food. The complexities of modern life merely have made it a little harder to catch the common thief, just as they have made it a little harder to become a successful doctor or engineer. It is easier for the federal government to run down racketeers through false income tax returns than it is for local authorities to get actual evidence against them. In Chicago, they couldn't find a policeman who was able or willing to say that there was anything offcolor in A1 Capone's conduct, but false income tax returns have put a number of his chief lieutenants behind the bars. One can not help wondering how w’e would have handled the racketeering problem if we hadn’t adopted the income tax.

Here Are Some Puzzlers and Their Answers

What is the size and color of a honey dew melon, and where did 'hey originate? They came originally from Europe, where they have long been known as White Antibes Winter. The average size is about six inches in diameter and 7 to 8 inches in length, weight 5 to 6 pounds: the rind is smooth, with an occasional net, greenish white, turning to a creamy yellow when ripe; flesh is green, thick, fine grained, and of good quality and sweet when properly ripened. How many representatives has the state of New Jersey in congress? Two senators and twelve representatives. Between what two leap years did eight years intervene? There never was a time when eight years intervened between two leap years. The longest intervening period bet wean two leap years was seven years, between 1896 and 1904. A period of seven years will inter-

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—ln regard to your stcry in The Indanapolis Times of April 1, concerning the school board closing its doors to newspapers reporters during its board meetings: Are they trying to cover up something? "if they are, I believe most of the taxpayers of Indianapolis will have a good idea of their method of running the city schools. Why the secrecy? Why does Frank Osier want to discharge a janitor and not give him any reason for doing so and not give him any chance to ask for a reason for being discharged before an open meeting? It locks as if he might have a personal grudge he wants to settle in such unfair manner. Several months ago some person wrote in The Times ‘‘Voice of the People' column and stated the janitors of city schools were too highly paid for the amount of work done by them.

Hey! We Sent Him After a Haircut!

&|iiy

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Life Expectancy Shows Increase

BY DR. 3IORRIS FISHBEIN, Editor. Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. TN 1825, man’s expectancy of life -*■ was 35 years. In the period of 100 years this expectancy has increased by twenty years, so that a child born today reasonably may expect to reach the age cf 55. The life expectancy after reaching the age of 50 one hundred years ago was for twenty-one additional years, whereas today the life expectancy after reaching 50 is twentyone and two-tenth years. If additional life expectancy is to be accomplished after middle age, it will have to come by overcoming the hazards of early heart disease,

IT SEEMS TO ME v ™>

MUCH has been written about the work of Arnold Bennett in the various expressions of regret following his death. And most of the attention has centered upon his long novels dealing with' the Five Towns. It well may be that Bennett’s chance for literary survival rests chiefly with “The Old Wives’ Tale.” But I find in the estimates of his writing a certain’ forgetfulness. Critics well may give the impression that here was a man of great industry, great worth, and practically no charm among modern novelists, but it seems to me that Arnold Bennett was distinguished by an infinite variety of method. He experimented in many fields. And to those who say, “Rarely, too rarely, is the spirit of delight to be found in his fifty-odd volumes,” I would suggest the re-reading of “BuriCd Alive.” tt tt tt A Needed Book TO me this has always seemed one of the liveliest of romance stories. I have read it half a dozen times. And it never flags. It has a gayety which few of the moderns have been able to command. And I like to think of Bennett not only as a man who contributed much to the realistic school, but also as a person who could sit down

vene between 2,196 and 2,f02, provided the present calendar is still in vogue. What is the capital of China? Nanking. The name of the former capital Peking, has been changed \o Peiping. Os the Harvard-Yale football games, how many has Harvard won? Os forty-nine games, Yale won 26 and Harvard won 17, and 6 were tied. What are the water and fat contents of an egg? An egg is 1 per cent mineral; 73.5 per cent water; 14.9 per cent protein and 10.6 per cent fat. Where di dthe custom of placing candles in the windows of houses on Christmas eve originate? Probably in Ireland, where formerly it was usual to burn a large candle, which no one was permitted to snuff except those who bore the name of Mary. The idea of placing

I wish to state here and now’ that they are grossly mistaken. Tire janitors, in most cases, do their work in satisfactory manner and their ways are very small in comparison with the hours put in and the work required. Perhaps this person is unaware of the small amount of wages janitors receive. If he knew the truth I can't see how he could feel this way about this matter. The Indianapolis Times stands read yto print the truth, and I wish to thank your newspaper for its straightforward manner of handling such affairs. A REGULAR SUBSCRIBER. President Clifford L. Harrod of the Indianapolis Power A Liefct C'o.. asks that "E. A.,’’ who wrote in The Times “Voice of the People” recently about “creeping me'ers." communicate with him. as he feels that he can explain the matter to ‘E. A.”

high blood, pressure, and other degenerative diseases. Such control must come through the periodic physical examination. In the period from 1906 to 1921, there was an increase in expectation of life of about 14 per cent, the improvement being mostly in the earlier years of life. A child born in the United States has an expectancy at birth of 55.58 years if a male, and 57.73 years if a female. For England the figures are 55.62 for the male and 59.58 for female. A person does not inherit any particular tendency to longevity, but does inherit a type of body or constitution which enables him to survive better than does the average man.

and spin a yarn for the fun of it. And it is in my mind that when the books of the world are called t-o trial on Judgment day, not the least of them will be those which enabled the reader to have a good time, even though they may have contributed nothing to his knowledge of the cosmos. tt n a ‘Mr, Noodle' I WOULD like to speak a word in praise of a recent novel by a living author. There has been a great deal of search among local reviewers for men capable of interpreting America. The award of the Nobel prize to Sinclair Lewis undoubtedly was based upon the fact that he drew his material from people around him. There Is the same virtue in Theodore Dreiser. But I feel that insufficient attention has been paid to J. P. McEvoy. Not for an instant would I rank him with the two battling giants whom I already have mentioned. But at least it is reasonable to note the fact that he has taken his plots out of activities which are peculiarly the possession of the United States. This is strikingly true of “Mister Noodle,” his latest book. It may be well to set certain boundaries as to its scope. Technically speaking, it is a

candles in the window no doubt was to let passersby know that the custom was being observed, and also served as a welcome sign. Candles have been used in connection with religious observances for many centuries. How docs the area of the United States compare with that of Australia? The gross area of the United States is 3.026,789 square miles; the area of Australia is 2,974,561 square miles. W hat role did Charles Morton olay in the photoplay that featured Amos and Andy? He played the role of Richard Williams.

THE AMERICAN FLAG

April 4 ON April 4, 1818, congress enacted the law which fixed for all time the design of the flag of the United States. The law rectified an error which a short-sighted congress had enacted in 1795, after Vermont and Kentucky had been admitted to the Union. This 1795 act provided that a stripe should be added for each of these states, and for twenty-three years the national ensign had fifteen stripes. It was a fifteen-stripe flag which waved over Ft. McHenry and inspired Francis Scott Key to write "The Star-Spangled Banner.” As every one now knows, the act of 1818 reduced the number of stripes to thirteen—one for each of the original states—and provided that each state of the Union should be represented by a star. Each state’s star is added to the flag on the Fourth of July following the state's admisisoc to the Union.

In 1,500 cases in which the age at death was known of both the individuals and of their parents, it was found that 5.3 per cent lived to the age of 80 when neither parent reached that; 9.8 lived to 80 when one parent reached that age; and 20.6 lived to 80 when both parents reached that age. The figures indicate that expectation of life among wage earners in the United States in 1928 was 56.42 at birth, whereas in 1911 it w’as 46.63. Out of 3.000,000 deaths, in the experience of a great life insurance company, only thirty people were found to have reached 100 years, of whom twenty were women and ten were men.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most Interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this oaDer.—The Editor

scenario rather than a novel. Neither incident nor character is developed to the extent which befits a full length portrait. He deals in sharp, broad strokes with little shading. Chic Kiley, the subject of his study, is as onsdimensional as Mutt or Jeff or Andy Gump. a a a Hardly Believable TT is a pity that in the reaction -*• against gross sentimentality not enough has been said of the errors of the ironists. The character who is completely evil falls just as far short of reality as the personage credited with every possible ampere of sweetness and light. Mr. McEvoy's Chic Kiley is hardly a believable figure. He is too rounded a rotter for recognition. But in spite of exaggeration, McEvoy has seized upon the fundamental truth of comic strip psychology. He knows the medium with which he deals. Mason, the managing editor of the story, covers a great deal of ground when he explains the manner in which a successful pictorial feature may be established in American journalism: "Run it and run it and run it," he says. "A successful strip is any old strip that's been kept running long enough." And lest any of my cartoon friends write into protest against acceptance of this aribtrary interpretation of their art, let me add hastily that the same rule applies to many other aspects of the newspaper game. Not for a second would I exclude the column from this category. I have seen a number wTiich survived sheerly upon momentum. Here in the United States we live to a great extent by labels. We buy toothpastes and we vote under the propulsion of familiar emblems. You can make a cigar or a president by constantly repeating that he or she is "generously good.” I do not sit in a seat from winch complaints should rise. As one whe has been occupying the same stand under the same title for a number of years, I appreciate the tolerance which may be accorded to a wellestablished trade mark. Indeed, it is upon this very psychology that I am building my hope of a comfortable old age. ( Copyright, 1931, by The Times)

Freshen Up How about that little job of painting around the home that you have been promising to do all winter "when spring comes?” Don’t put it off any longer. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a bulletin on PAINTING AROUND THE HOME that gives proper directions and valuable suggestions for simple methods for painting both outside and inside the house and outbuildings. It tells about paint, about preparing wood surfaces for painting, about finishing floors, how to apply wall paint, use of water paints, staining shingles, painting metal surfaces, removing t’d paint, how to care for paint brushes. Fill out the coupon below ar>d send for it. CLIP COUPON HERE Department 122, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington. D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin. PAINTING AROUND THE HOME and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs Name Street and No City state I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times ‘Code No.).

APRIL L 1931

SCIENCE -BY DAVID DIET 7

Experiment Which Gave Us Carborundum Is One of Most Famous Incidents in History of Science. F'VNE of the fields to which chemLsts in all parts of the world are devoting their attention to day is the field of abrasives. The Machine Age needs harder and m-re powerful grinding tools Chemistry had ac.anced industry by furnishing it with artificial abrasives for the grinding, shaping, and polishing of glass and metals. The use of natural abrasives is as old as civilization Emery was used by the ancient Egyptians and by the American Indians. It remained the best abrasive known until 1301. when Acheson devoting their attention today is manufacture of coborundum. In that year Acheson thought that the electric furnace might be used to produce a form of carbon which would possess the hardness of the diamond, or at least approach the hardness of the diamond, and that it would prove more useful to industry than emery. His idea was to take clay and. with the aid of the electric furnace, impregnate it with carbon. son knew that it was the presence of carbon which gave to steel its hardness, and he thought in this way to produce an abrasive by adding carbon to clay. The experiment which Acheson tried is one of the famous incidents in the history of science

Acheson’s Experiment A Gn£,auN put clay and powdered coke in an iron bowl and attached one wire from an electric dynamo to the bowl He attached the other wire from the dynamo to a stick of carbon like those used for electrodes in arc lamps. He inserted this carbon stick into the mixture and turned on the current. The clay was melted and heated to a high temperature by the passage of a current, but upon cooling did not form the sort of compound that Acheson hoped it would Apparently, the experiment had ended in failure. But he happened to notice some bright specks on the end of the carbon electrode. He w’ondered what they w’ere and picked one up with the end of his lead pencil and drew it across a pane of glass. It cut the glass like a diamond. Failure suddenly had turned to success. That was the beginning of the artificial abrasive industry. A few tiny specks w’as the first production. Today, v about 30,000 tons are produced each year. Acheson was under the impression that the abrasive was a compound of carbon and corundum and so'he named the substance carborundum. Later, however, it was shown that the substance was a chemical comnound which nevpr had been known to exist previously. It was a combination of carbon and silicon, each molecule consisting of an atom of carbon and an atom of silicon. It was named silicon carbide. tt tt n Sand Is Used SILICON carbide is manufactured today by mixing sand, which is silicon dioxide, and carbon in an electric furnace. What goes on in the electric furnace is a puzzle in some respects, for the chemical reaction is an exceedingly complicated one. It is thought that the first reaction is an oxidation of the carbon, to form carbon monoxide. In other words, the sand gives up its oxygen to the carbon. Due to the high temperature, however, the silicon which is left after the sand gives up its oxygen also turns into a vapor or gas. The furnace then contains two gases, carbon monoxide and vaporized silicon. A reaction between these two results in the formation of silicon carbide Acheson’s discovery led to the manufacture of other artificial abrasives. among them artificial corundum. Many improvements also have been made in the manufacture of grinding wheels from these artificial abrasives. The grinding wheel contains two substances, the abrasive and the matrix which holds the grains of the abrasive together A large number of substances i re used for ♦he matrix, amw 'hem shellac, rubber, and porcelain. There are many important problems involved. The wheel must he made so that it will revolve at high speeds without flying to pieces. Many authorities regard the procelain wheel as the greatest achievement to date of the ceramic chemist.

Daily Thought

Be not forgetful to entertain strangers, for thereby some have entertained angels unawares.— Hebrews 13:2. Like many other virtues, hospitality is practiced in its perfection by the poor. If the rich did their share, how would the woes of the world be lightened.—Mrs. Kirkland.