Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 279, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 April 1931 — Page 4

PAGE 4

=' .3 ■ t C* t PP J • HOW *AO

Overthrowing the Law Laws may be destroyed by inactivity as well as by overt act. The long delay of the Governor in filling certain appointments amounts to a nullification of the safeguards set up for the protection of the public. This is true of the trustees of state insti* tutions where the law, in theory, attempts to provide for management by boards of a nonpolitical nature, but with special qualifications for the particular institution for which they are named. On a large number of these boards the terms of trustees have expired and the members serve by sufferance of the Governor. That means that these members, if they choose to remain or escape humiliation, must become rubber stamps for the Governor. The nonpolitical boards become politicalWhen the practice is extended to judgeships of local courts, the matter becomes serious. The judge in that event must be strongly tempted to walk warily among the political friendships of the Governor and to render decisions with one eye on the law book and the other on the statehouse. In the cases of other important offices, such as fire marshal or purchasing agent, the effect is serious. The practice of the Governor in refusing to name officials when terms become vacant establishes a dictatorship of a kind. The practical results may be little different than would be obtained by selections of the master minds who now run state affairs, but the precedent is thoroughly bad and indefensible. Earthquake and Canal The Washington government is at its best in meeting relief emergencies, such as the Managua earthquake With promptness and efficiency, state, ■war and navy departments and the Red Cross are co-operating to speed the maximum of immediate relief which money and organization can produce. • Carrying the heaviest burden is the marine corps, whose officers and troops were stationed in the devastated capital. They merit the highest praise. Pcrhap this opportunity to befriend a stricken population will mitigate in part the Nicaraguan distrust of the United States because of our repeated imperialistic invasions of that country. We hope so. But already certain Washington officials are using the earthquake as an excuse to postpone again the long-delayed marine evacuation. Postponement would be unjustified. It would Inflame more hatred of us throughout Central and South America. According to the recently announced plan, the present force of 1,300 marines was to be cut to 500 by June 1, and the evacuation completed next year. That time allowance is too long, rather than too short. Rebuilding Managua is not a marine, but a civilian jod And It Is a Nicaraguan job. Naturally, this earthquake has revived doubts in some quarters as to the feasibility of the proposed United States canal across Nicaragua, which now is under army survey at direction of congress. It is too early yet to reach a decision, but reports to Science Service, stating that ‘‘the route of the proposed canal lies almost directly across the point of greatest violence of the earthquake that devastated Managua,” indicate that this element of gamble should be considered very seriously before proceeding with the canal project. Though Panama also is in the earthquake area, tremors are more severe in Nicaragua. A repetition of this unusually severe earthquake along the proposed route probably would destroy the canal and locks if they were built. Army engineers now in Nicaragua, preparing a canal report for submisison to congres in December, should include in their study an exhaustive report on the earthquake hazard Why Do Planes Crash? The plane exploded in flight ... the wings came off .. it caught Are in the air ... it caught fire on the ground ... it didn’t catch fire at all . .. the motors stopped ... or did they? ... It was flying through rain and fog . . . ice formed on the wings. The reasons and theories put forward for the crash In Kansas which killed Knute Rockne and seven others are as numerous as the persons who saw the accident. So varied, so conflicting, so muddled that nothing remains except the fact that eight men mysteriously are dead. The commerce depart ;nt is supposed to find out why these airplanes crash. But it will not tell. Its attitude on making public its findings has not changed 6ince the rumpus raised in congress over the last big crash It would like to tell, but it explains that its conclusions are on hearsay evidence only, and that public expression of its opinion would bring forth a storm of law suits, with its hearsay testimony as a basis. This is high time —for the good of aviation, if nothing e i se —that a different arrangement be made. It is high time the public is permitted to know why airplanes crash, instead of drawing hazy conclusions from rumors of explosions, storms, balky motors and disintegration. The public is ready to believe in flying, if given half a chance. Air transport in the last year and a half has set. for itself a remarkable record of safetyone of which any other form of transportation would be proud But the unexplained death of one national idol, Bach as Knute Rockne, destroys the faith of these month* of safe flying. It discourages the efforts and hampers the future of those lines which are more fortunate in regard to accidents. Congress can give to the commerce department the authority for publication of official crash reports. That should be one of its first acts when it meets again in December We Can’t Escape Taxes President Hoover announces that there will be no mr.v--.se in federal taxes next year if congress ‘’imposes no increases upon the budget or .other expenditure proposals.’* There has been, as a matter of fact, a tax increase this year through discontinuance of the 1 per cent reduction which applied to last year's income

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBim HOftAKD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolla Times Publishing Cos. 214-220 West Maryland Street Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier 12 cents a week. SOVI> RLEY ROY W HOWARD. PRANK G MORRISON. i resident Business Manager PllONK—ltlley NSftl THURSDAY, APRIL 2. 1931. Member of United Press Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Aaso. elation Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

tax payment. As usual, small taxpayers were hit hardest. That policy must be changed in the next tax legislation. The heaviest burden must be put on the rich —not on the poor and not on the small professional and business men, who can not afford it. Presumably the President’s statement Is based on the conviction that the business depression will pass this summer and that government revenues will increase sufficiently to care for the federal deficit of 5700.000.000 or $800,000,000, which apparently will face the treasury on July I—not counting the prospective deficit for the next fiscal year. The alternative to a tax increase is the present policy by which the treasury keeps going by floating short-term loans and by curtailing public debt retirement. We believe this is a bad policy, both from the social and financial point of view. Federal expenses have been increasing for several years. The last congress appropriated about half a billion dollars more than its predecessor. The government, moreover, is committed to a large number of future projects, for which additional funds must be found. Most of the steady increase in ordinary annual expenditures is legitimate. A decrease either in ordinary or special expenditures is not to be expected. The one possible exception would be a cut in military and naval budgets, which the administration does not achieve. While expenditures are mounting, revenues are declining. The March income tax payments indicate shrinkage in receipts of more than a third. Apparently some $300,000,000 less will be paid into the treasury during this quarter than in the same period last year. Customs revenues also have declined sharply, following enactment of the suicidal Hawley-Smoot tariff law. Total loss in receipts for nine months of the fiscal year amounts to half a billion dollars. There must be an eventual tax increase. We should face facts now rather than attempt to postpone the day of reckoning—even if a tax increase would be embarrassing to the administration on the eve of a presidential election. Dangerous Precedents The court of the star chamber of absolutistic Stuart England has become symbolic of tyranny over the human mind. But this ancient tribunal has nothing on our federal postoffice authorities in this field. Within the last few months the postoffice department bureaucrats have barred from the mails no less than five Communist papers and one anarchist publication. The lid-clainping began with the Revolutionary Age and the last casualty is Sports and Play. The latter is a monthly magazine devoted to labor sports and is the official organ of Labor Sports Union of America. Evidently the frolics and gambols of reds are deemed as deadly as their phrases. It is probable that there is no overwhelming loss to American culture as a result of the suppression of these magazines and papers. The same would be true of the suppression of an equal number of bourgeois sheets. But the precedent slowly but surely being established is a threat to one of the bulwarks of liberty and modern civilization—the freedom of the press. An entering wedge can be driven in under the guise of saving the nation from radicalism—hardly the business of the postoffice. Once this practice has become common it will be possible to carry it to disastrous extremes. The Revolutionary Age, the New York Nation, the Forum, Harpers magazine, the Atlantic Monthly, represent logical stages of advahee for the censor. Or, suppose the radicals should triumph at some distant date. What a splendid justification they could seize upon in earlier capitalist procedure. It is time the respectable and powerful press recognized the implicit danger in the situation and gave tne petty czars in the postoffice department some opposition which they can not trample on at will. Advertising loses its effectiveness only when it comes to the bill-bored. Chicago is to hold its. fair in 1933. If it will get rid of all its undesirable citizens by that time that will be fair enough. An optimist is a fellow who purchases a comb with a bottle of hair restorer.

REASON BY

THE other clay Dr. A. T. Hyde, a dentist and a World war veteran, living at Edna, Kan., killed two bank robbers after they had looted the bank and locked everybody in the bank vault. Now that was too bad! a a a After what Dr. Hyde has done, It will not be possible for any medical expert to feel the glands of the robbers and tell the jury they ought to go free because they had too much mineral wool in their epiglottises to understand that bank robbery is not good form. tt tt tt It won’t be possible for any criminal lawyer to prove an alibi. He can not get them a change of venue, now that they are laid out cold. He can t even get them a writ of habeas corpus and what a shame it is fc a robber to wink out before he has had at least one writ of habeas corpus! tt tt a SINCE these robbers have been pickled by the embattled dentist, it's impossible for any Clarence Darrow to get them anew trial or a continuance or take an appeal. And it’s a great disappointment to the taxpayers for now they won’t be permitted to put up $15,000 for a monkey business trial a a a To riddle bank robbers with buckshot, right in the full bloom of promising careers, discourages crime and to discourage crime is about the most un-American thing we can recall. . a a a They are still having trouble over at the Joliet prison, the prisoners being up in arms because thev feel that the parole board is not on the level. Os course, nothing arouses a prisoner more than the thought that somebody else is not on the level a a a BUT the big fact remains that if these prisoners had been willing to work for a living, instead of trying to get it easily at the point of a gun, they wouldn’t care about what any parole board did, for they would be at home with their folks, wondering how much they could get on the old car. a tt a We are not going to sympathize with any prisoners until we get done sympathizing with folks who are going straight under big handicaps. If you have some sympathy to put on the market, give it to the farmer who is getting ready to put in a crop of corn and wondering as he does it whether he’ll get enough out of it to pay for his seed.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracv - SA VS: L_

Civilization ILos Not Made by Strutting, but by Hard , Patient Work. NEW YORK, April 2.—Though the airplane which carried Knute Rockne and seven others to death fell in a sparsely settled ranch country, souvenir hunters had carried away the bulk of it within twenty-four hours after the crash. You can forgive the morbid taste, but not the senselessness. The only hope of finding out what happened and of preventing such disasters in the future rested solely in leaving the wreckage as it was. Everyone aboard having been killed, there was nothing to consult but the broken, twisted plane. It seems incredible that people of this day and generation were so crazy to get hold of a bit of wood or metal associated with death and destruction that they couldn't let it alone. an ts Power Craze Victims AFTER five months’ study, a British commission reports that the R-101, which cracked up last October with the loss of fortyeight lives, came to her doom, not through the fault of constructors or operators, but through the insistent haste of those who wanted to make a grandstand play for policy’s sake. To begin with, she had a leaky gas tank. Then she had not been tested sufficiently for any one to know what she could do, especially in bad weather. The program of trials outlined by her captain had only partly been carried out. To cap the climax, she was started for India under very unfavorable conditions. Somebody wanted to show her off, not as a triumph of aviation, but as a symbol of power. tt tt tt Love to Strut LOVE of strutting explains many things—the souvenir hunter, who takes you into his den to see some memento of tragedy; the statesman who sends an airship away before she is ready; the politician who wisecracks because he is too lazy to think; the author who advances some silly or revolting idea, not because he believes it, but because he hopes it will prove of advertising value. Showmanship has been accepted by many -as an essential part of salesmanship and is to be found in some mighty high places. Belief in the sensational as a means, not only of attracting attention, but of putting over serious business, still bulks large in our scheme of things. Many people assume they can’t get anywhere without shocking, uprising, or scaring their neighbors. What we call civilization was not made by strutters, but by the slow, patient work of those who were more interested in doing something than in being seen or heard. tt tt tt The Outstanding Item DURING the last twenty-four hours, the news has contained some important items, the Managua earthquake, the airplane disaster in Kansas, President’s Hoover’s statement in opposition to a tax rise, the twenty-four demands on England voted by the Indian nationalist conference, the discovery of gold in Mexico, only to mention a few*. The most important of them all, however, probably was that which told how the human voice had been sent clearly across the English channel on a seven-inch radio wave and by a broadcasting outfit, with no greater power than an ordinary flashlight. That item means something of stupendous importance, not only for the day, the week, the year, but for centuries to come. It means that broadcasting no longer is. restricted to a few stations, or to those who are in a position to make large capital investments, 250.C00, according to engineers, in a field that now contains room for only two or three hundred. Folitics, publicity, and communications of all kinds, whether in The old home town or on a world-wide basis, will be affected.

Questions and Answers

What is the area of the Vatican state? 108.7 acres. How do sailing vessels pass through the locks of the Panama canal? They are towed. How long are the locks in the Panama canal? One thousand feet. What does the name lopez mean? It is Spanish, derived from Latin, and means “a wolf.” Who was Cleopatra? A famous and very beautiful queen of Egypt, loved by Julius Caesar and by Mark Antony. Their rivalry made many .complications in Roman politics at- the time.

Migraine Headaches Come Suddenly

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor. Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hveeia. the HeUth Maearlne. MIGRAINE headaches recur over long periods of time and usually affect individuals whose families have been susceptible to headaches. As is the case with many other disturbances of the nervous system women much more frequently are affected by migraine than are men The attacks usually come on suddenly and frequently are preceded by periods of nervous strain. By nerve strain is meant emotional excitement, such as is associated with disagreements; with eyestrain, occurring from long periods of reading particularly in poor light; close mental work, such as is involved in mathematical calculations; insufficient sleep; digestive disturbances, and excesses of all sorts, including overeating, visual excess and other forms of immoderation. The numerous theories that exist as to the cause of migraine indicate the possibility that one of the theories is correct and the still further possibility that there may be several causes of the various types of disturbances involved. Studies of the anatomy of he tissues involved indicates to some

~ r n 1

IT SEEMS TO ME

TT DNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY has come to town and granted an interview to the newspaper men. She told reporters that she has grown a little sick and tired of one oi her most famous quatrains: ‘My candle burns at both ends; It will not last the night. But, oh, my foes, and, oh, my friends! It gives a lovely light." Any author is likely to become annoyed if some single passage is captured and repeated out of the entire bulk of his work. It is unfair to Miss Millay that the impression should gain ground that here in four lines she has completed her gospel. And yet I feel that this particularly favored passage does, in a crude way, represent her philosophy of life. And now, though she may disown it, I still feel that the contribution is one of great value. It has an important quality because it wars with so much of our current thinking. o u o Too Important OF late there has been an intensive campaign designed to convince us all that we should hang on to life as if we were survivors clinging to a raft. Both newspaper advertising and radio exhortation advise us to consult our dentist twice a year and our doctor once a month. We have been told to look to our gums and to our arteries. This sounds sane enough until one stops to think of the fact that all great lives are carried on with some inspirational quality of recklessness. It doesn’t seem to me that any one can embark upon an important enterprise feeling his pulse as he goes. Into each life there ought to come at times some quality of the crapshooter’s philosophy of “Shoot it all!” I can think of few men who have carried on an important career charging themselves always with due precaution as to stress and strain. This is one of the factors which alienate me from Mayor James Joseph Walker. Not for a minute would I deny that Mr. Walker has worn himstff beyond the precautionary line in his life and labors. He is not glandularly equipped to maintain the pace which he has created for himself. tt tt a Walker and Rosebuds BUT if Jimmy Walker is, as I assume, the ultimate symbol of the good fellow—the man about town—l think he ought to stick to his role and pick an exit most appropriate rather than to become introspective and worry about what may become of him upon the morrow. My attitude toward the mayor is not quite that of many of my as-

-DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

investigators that the onset of the attack is associated with spasm of the small blood vessels in the brain. On the other hand the reason for onset of the spasm may be some anatomical deformity, some unusual condition of physiology, some chemical disturbance or perhaps a hy-per-sensitivity to certain protein substances. Investigators have found that there are remarkable changes in the amount of certain chemical constituents in the blood during the attack, and it may be that the chemical changes in the cells are the basic cause. The attack of migraine usually begins in childhood or youth, but rare cases are described in which the attacks first come on after thirty years of age. Sometimes the attack stops spontaneously after 40 or 50 years of age, but cases are reported in which the condition has persisted throughout life. The attack of migraine is different from the ordinary headache. Before it begins the person may have a sense of fatigue or depression, be slightly dizzy and be disturbed by unusual visual disorders. Some say they see a flash of light in the field of vision which enlarges and has colored border.

Left Holding the Sack

sociates who attack him. Quite frankly I can say that I would much prefer to go on a party with Jimmie Walker than to sit down for a good time with Rabbi Wise or John Haynes Holmes or Norman Thomas. I’d have more fun. In many of my points of view I travel closer to Jimmy than I can do with John or Stephen or Norman. And yet I do not feel that this constitutes any complete indorsement of the current administra - tion. If James Joseph Walker were to resign tomorrow in order to take up some executive job with the talking pictures, I sincerely could wish him extremely well. He is a type of person with whose virtues and whose failings I am sympathetic. But he has just about as much right to be mayor of New York as I would have. This may seem a most fantastic comparison. But it has been charged by Jimmy that all his opponents are disgruntled office seekers. And this hits me a glancing blow, for once upon a time I ran for congress. tt it a A ‘Concern’ THE job must be taken on by a man who has what the Quakers call “a concern.” The organization can not be run even by the most

'CS *2

CHARLEMAGNE BIRTH April 2 ON April 2, 742, Charlemagne, French name of Charles the Great, king of the Franks and Roman emperor, was born in either Aix-la-Chapelle or Ingelheim. Charlemagne began his conquests by crossing the Alps and completely subduing northern Italy. He was acknowledged king of Lombardy in 774. At Easter of this same year he visited Rome, where the pope conferred upon him the title “Patrician of Rome.” For several years thereafter Charlemagne made frequent expeditions into Spain. He later defeated the Saxons and carried his arms into Bohemia, Bavaria and Hungary. The Frankish dominion now comprised the whole of France, and most of Germany and Austria. Great as a warrior, Charlemagne was even greater as an administrator and civil ruler. He divided the empire systematically, placing each division under military, judicial and civil authority. A real, but short, renascence of learning took place in the Frankish kingdom. Charlemagne died Jan. 28, 814.

Some merely complain of blurred vision. The pain usually begins around one eye and then spreads over various parts of the head, even involving the entire head. Less commonly it begins at the back of the head. The pain is increased by bright lights, noise, or by mental effort. Sometimes the whole head seems tender to the touch. The pain and discomfort may increase until the person has nausea and vomiting, after which there may be relief. One of the facts which make physicians believe that the condition is allergic is the association with the headache of such symptoms as diarrhea, chilliness, flushing, disturbances of vision, sweating and nervousness, which disappear when the headache subsided. The treatment of migraine demands the most careful possible attention from every point of view, to remove such exciting factors as may be found in the specific case When these exciting factors are brought under control, and when the hygiene of the individual Is placed on a systematic basis which minimizes these factors, there is likely to be prompt improvement.

Ideals and oninions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most Interesting writers and are uresented without reeard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this naner.—The Editor.

brilliant individual in the interims between parties. It requires a unified and a single-track mind. I will undertake for myself to manage a tolerably pleasant existence no matter who serves at city hall. To Mayor Walker I wish joy, happiness, a long life and a merry one. Few men have been better qualified to grace the role of ex-mayor. (Copyright. 1831, by The Times) DAILY THOUGHT Judge not according to the appearance.—John 7:24. We take less pains to be happy than to appear so.—Rochefoucauld.

Government circulation statement of The Indianapolis Times for the six months (daily average) ended April 1, 1931. April, 1930 . .71,521 April, 1929 . 69,731 April, 1928 .... . . .67,147 April, 1927 MM••M*••• 62,845 April, 1926 . ..54,676 April, 1925 . . 45,496 SWORN STATEMENT made under the postal law Statement of the Ownership, Management, Circulation, etc., required br . t . h °. f , Con i>' ress of August 24, 1912, of The Indianapolis Times, published daily except Minday at Indianapolis, Indiana, for April 1. 1931. State of Indiana, County of Marion ss: cl Before me, a botary public in and for the fctate and county aforesaid, personally appeared Frank G. Morris l who having been duly .worn according to law, deposes and says that he Is the Business Manager of The Indianapolis Times, and that the following is, to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true statement ot tb< Ownership. Management and Circulation of the aforesaid publication .or the date shown in the above caption required by the Act of August 24, 1912, embodied in Section 41L Postal Laws and Regulations, printed on tbe reverse of tbls form, to-wit: Tha J the names and addresses of :hi publisher, editor managing editor and business manager, are: K * PU8L15HER........ The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos. 214 220 " CSt Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. ‘ " 237 s!' Fifteenth St..' Indianapoii's.' ind "* * B ° yd Gurley MANAGING EDITOR Stanley A. TuUsen „ r .....,2816 N. Delaware St., Indianapolis, Ind. BLSINESS MANAGER Frank G. Morrison 41 E. Forty-Ninth St., Indianapolis, Ind. 2. That the owners are: The Indianapolis Times Publishing Company, (a corporation) Indianapolis, Indiana: Boyd Gurley. Indianapolis. Indiana: trank G. Morrison, Indianapolis, Indiana: G. B. Parker Honslantl OWo' ** azel Hostetler, Cleveland, G*.io; Newton D. Baker* QeveThe Thomas L. Sidlo Comp'any. Wilmington. Delaware (through which no stockholder In said corporation owns or holds one per cent or more of the stock of Indianapolis Times Publishing Company.) Scr, £? B Company. Hamilton. Ohio (through which only Robert P, Scripps, <> estchester, Ohio, owns or holds indirectly one per cent or more of the sccck of Indianapolis Times Publishing Company.^ The Robert P. Scripps Company, Hamilton, Ohio (through which only Robert P. Tripps, Westchester, Ohio, owns or holds indirectly one per cent or more of ..he stock of Indianapolis Times Publishing Company.) The Managers Finance Company. Cincinnati. Ohio (through which the following own or hold Indirectly one per cent or more of the stock chest^ B cfhio” 8 Tlmeß l,nblisllin S Company.) Robert P. Scripps. WestThe W- 'V Hawkins Company, Wilmington, Delaware (through which the following own or hold Indirectly one per cent or mora of the stock of Indianapolis Times Publishing Company.) W. W. Hawkins. New York City: Margaret W. Hawkins. New York City. The Third Investment Company. Cincinnati. Ohio (through which only Robert I. Scripps. Westchester. Ohio, owns or holds indirectly one per cent or more of the stock of Indianapolis Times Publishing Company.) he .^ Ro / .. W ’< Howard Company Wilmington. Delaware (through which the following own or bold indirectly one per cent or more of the stock oi Indianapolis Times Publishing Company.) Roy W Howard Pelham. New York: Margaret R. Howard. Pelham. New Yorit The Fifth lnveptment Company, Wilmington, Delaware (through which no stockholde in said corporation owns or holds one per cent or more of the stock ol Indianapolis Times Publishing Company ) 3 >ihat the known bondholders, mortgagees and other security holders holding one per cent <l%) or more of the total amount of bonds mortgages, or other securities: Wabash P.ealty and Loan Company’ Terre Haute. Indiana. v '* 4. That the two paragraphs next above, giving the names of the owners stockholders and security holders if any. contain not only the list ot stockholders and security holders as they appear upon the books of the company out also, in cases where the stockholder or security holder appears upon the books of the company as trustees o'- in any other fiduciary relation, the name ot the person or corporation for whom such trustee Is acting is given: also that the -aid two paragraphs con? taiD statements embracing affiant's full knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon the hooks of the company as trustees bold stock and securities In a capacity other rha% thst of a bona fide owner, and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person ass-'elation, or corporation has any interest direct or indirect in the said stock bonds, or other securities than as so stated by him. ft. That the average number ot copies ol each issae ol this nnhn tion sold or distribnted. through the mails or otherwise, to pa ; d subscribers during the six months preceding the date shown above 1s 72,839 FRANK ( UuUHIHUN Business Manager bworn to and subscribed before me this Ist dav of Anril 10*1 M * SEAL, W B. NK'EW ANGER. Notary PnbUc 01 * My commission expires January 20. 1932.

.APRIL', 2, 1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ

Industrial Gases Existing in the Earth's Atmosphere Are Oxygen, Nitrogen, Helium and Carbon Dioxide. /'CONTRARY to the old proverb. you can make money out of the air. At least, you can out of certain gases that are constituents of the atmosphere. The Machine Age rests In large part upon a number of invisible substances known, as the industrial gases, some of which are to be found in the air we breathe. Tlie most important of the industrial gases are oxygen, hydrogen, helium, natural gas, neon, chlorine, carbon dioxide, and acetylene. Os that group, oxygen, nitroaen. helium, neon, and carbon dioxide exist in the earth’s atmosphere. The youth of the Machine Age k? gasped when it is realized that the existence of many of these gases is extremely young. Our knowledge of oxygen and nitrogen is only a little more than 150 years old. Knowledge of helium and neon is less than forty years old. a tt a Oxygen Has Many Uses Pure oxygen finds a wide variety of industrial uses. In 1919 more than 1,000,000,000 cubic feet of oxygen was used in industry. The chief use for oxygen is with the oxy-actetylene torch. Strangely enough, this same torch can be used to weld metals or to cut them. The f action of the flame depends upon' the amount of oxygen used. Nitrogen is the foundation of fertilizers and explosives. In this connection, it should be remembered that the use of explosives is not confined to war. Mining, blasting, and many peacetime activities require the use of explosives. tt tt tt Nitrogen and Wheat THE importance of the nitrogen industry to agriculture can be grasped from the fact that the United States grows about five billion bushels of wheat, oats, and corn each year. It is estimated that each bushel grown removes from the soil about nine-tenths of a pound of nitrates. These nitrates have to be put back into the soil each year in the form of fertilizers. If this was not done, the lafld would soon become barren. Hydrogen finds many industrial uses. Lard substitutes are made by treating cottonseed oil with hydrogen. The gas is also used In the oxyhydrogen blow-torch and in the manufacture of ammonia. Carbon dioxide, another gas present in small amounts in the atmosphere, is used in manufacturing carbonated waters, washing soda, and baking soda.