Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 277, Indianapolis, Marion County, 31 March 1931 — Page 4

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Toledo Dilemma Citizens of Toledo, 0., have been slow in paying their taxes, with the result that teachers in the public schools will be asked to work for two months for nothing. Owners of homes and of factories have been inable to borrow enough money to pay the cost of government. The city -of Marlon in this state is also having rouble from the same cause. Presumably these cities will solve their troubles iiid muddle through. It is probable that the old method of borrowing against future prosperity will uc the solution. And later the earnings of citizens Hill be taken to pay for the present deficits. The plight of Toledo should be a warning to other cities as to what can happen to government finances when the high cost of operation runs against a period of deflation. The last legislature failed lamentably in its effort to solve the problem. It left the burden in this state exactly where it was before —on the holder of real property. No one will contend that the city of Toledo is inable to pay for its government, if the sources of public income were equitable. There are very rich men in Toledo with comparatively small holdings in real estate. .Their incomes are fixed while those of the men who have struggled for years to buy a home have gone with jobs. If taxes were based upon incomes rather than investments, public schools would not be closed for lack of funds. Not every one is broke. It so happens that the wage earner is in difficulties and unable to bear his usual part of the tax burden. The plight of Toledo suggests that any tax system should be based on the theory that the cost of government must come from those who have money. Incomes and not real estate values seem to be a .afer as well as a fairer basis. Our Visitors The habits, customs and comforts of human beings will be very largely determined in the future by the profession whose members are now meeting in this city. The chemists, eyen t,o a greater degree than the inventor or other scientist, will make the really important discoveries which regulate living and life. Quite probably, the human race will soon be getting all its foods in pellets ansi capsules. It will wear ail sorts of substitutes for wools and cottons and silks It will get its transportation not from oil or steam or electricity, but, from the released energies of atoms. The ordinary citizen may well approach these visitors with something of awe and much of admiration. Just what any one of them may do to society and habits is as uncertain as it is likely to be fundamental. \ Chamber of Commerce Job Among the quaint plans for revival of prosperity is the proposal of a committee of the New York State Chamber of Commerce for anew federal cabinet officer in charge of foreign trade. How characteristic this is of our national folly of relying on more laws or more political offices to solve all human problems. These business men of the New "York chamber Sue alarmed, as they should be, over the 20 per cent loss in our foreign trade. They are accurate in pointing out that America, in the mass production era, can not have prosperity without a foreign market for surplus production. Therefore they are out. to recapture foreign trade. More power to them. But they are looking for foreign trade in the wrong direction. They will not find it in the direction of a new cabinet officer as salesman. The existing bureau of foreign commerce in the United States commerce department is one of the most efficient in the federal government anc] already is doing the promotion job as well as it can be done. The fault is not in the lack ot promotion. It is in the higher tariff wall we hate put up against foreign nations. By closing our market to others, we effectively have closed their market to us. We have forced them in self-defense to retaliate, and rear trade barriers against our surplus goods. And by refusing to buy front them, we have left them without money to buy from us. Even the arch protectionist, William McKinley, shortly before he died, laid down the dictum: “If we will not buy, we can not sell.'’ American foreign trade would not be crippled today if the chambers of commerce of the country a year ago had fought with the economists and the progressives to defeat the Hawley-Smoot billion dollar tariff monstrosity. We do not recall this fact now in an 1-told-you-so spirit, but only because the chambers oi commerce vill have to understand the gravity of their tariff error before they can work effectively for a ie\i\al oi foreign trade. America can not regain foreign markets and full prosperity until our tariff is reduced drastically. But the Republican administration can be forced to reduce tariffs as a prosperity-revival measure if the ’hambers of commerce will use their influence in the name of depressed industry. The Battle of the Babies When the peace lovers were trying to prevent the United States from entering the World war a favorite slogan was. “I didn't raise my baby to be a soldier.” This motto receives no sympathy from Mussolini. according to Gilbert Seldes in an article "Is the Cannon Fodder Ripe?” in Scribner's magazine. , As Seldes points out, II Duce is developing a great propaganda for more children, to give reality to his contention that Italy must expand or burst. When Italy is crowded enough, Mussolini will have the soldiers to help along the bursting. Seldes brands Mussolini's program the most open of the current European efforts to bring babies into the world to be the soldiers of the future: “First he engaged in the Battle of the Lire, to stabilize the money of Italy; then it was the Battle of the Grain to make Italy self-nourishing: and now it is the Battle of the Babies. “Jan. 30, 1927, Mussolini declared: ‘We are obliged to fight with our soil, too narrow for our overpopulation, for the smallest grain of a nutritive substance. Despite all scientific efforts, Italy is not able to nourish her people. We must expand or burst. I do not feel myself authorized to believe in the humanitarian idealism of the pacifists. “In November, 1930, Mussolini declared that the ountry soon would not be able to hold its population; 'here was an increase in the birth rate which had overcome the decrease of 1929: the country 7 was passing the 42,000,000 mark; the rate of increase for 1930

The Indianapolis Times (A gCßirrs-HOHABIJ .NtttSl'ArtKi Owned and published daily 'except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos. 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. ?, cents—delivered by carrier. 12 ceutg a week. BOYD GURLEY ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON ~ Editor President Business Manager pn One— alley .vssi Tuesday, march ai. 1931 Member of United Press bcripps-iioWard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Asso ciation Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

would exceed 500,000; in 1950 the population would reach 50,000,000. “In other words, Mussolini is winning the Battle of the Babies. <He himself gave the country a noble example, and when anew son was born to Signora Rachele ne, said proudly, 'Not anew son, but the first of anew series, and proved it a year later). To the surplus 5.000,000 there is an addition of half a million a year in Italy. “However, the Fascist! have restricted emigration. No one is allowed to leave the country. Starvation may face the land, but its men must stay at home and produce more future soldiers. “The reason for this is simple. Mussolini knows the law that a growing population imposes itself. Births are encouraged, emigration is forbidden, the population is being compressed—for one purpose. “Mussolini has told the truth. Italy, under these circumstances, must expand or burst. .The compression is for the purpose of hastening the explosion. Another word for that is war.” Interesting, But— Governor Rooievelt of New York is the overwhelming favorite for the Democratic presidential nomination, according to the headlines. That is interesting, but— It is sufficiently interesting at least to make us read the story under the headlines. There we learn that Jesse Isidor Straus of New York City has polled the non-New York delegates to the last Democratic convention. He finds that, of 844 stating a preference, 478 pick Roosevelt, Then follow A1 Smith with 125, Owen D. Young, 73; Governor Ritchie, 39; Senator Robinson, 38, and a dozen or so with less. Though it is rather difficult to judge accurately so far in advance, we are inclined to believe that the Straus poll reflects public sentiment fairly well. It is assumed by some, therefore, that Roosevelt is within striking distance of the nomination, if he hasn’t it already in the bag. That seems to us a pretty big assumption. For nominations are seldom made on the personal choiqo of convention delegates. More often presidential candidates are picked by a small group of pai'ty .leaders — frequently as a result < last minute trading. Public opinion is a factor, though not always,the main one. Roosevelt can not be certain of public support. That will depend on his record during the next year. He probably ?as lost, ratliac than gained, in public support during the last three months. If he continues to move in the Tammany scandals only when torced to do so. and if he continues to try to play down the prohibition issue for alleged political expediency, he hardly will be a popular figure in the next convention. Certainly if Roosevelt goes into the convention without overwhelming popular support, he will lose his none-too-good chance of getting the nomination. It is none too good because the Raskob-Shouse management of the party seems to prefer Smith, Ritchie or Young. Roosevelt is in the bad position of being out in front in an early Jead, which invites others to combine against him. If the combination works, Roosevelt will be able merely to deadlock the convention. And it is precisely in a deadlocked convention that a few managing gentlemen handpick the winner. Otherwise, Warren G. Harding never would have been picked by the Republicans, nor John W. Davis by the Democrats. Mr. Straus is to be congratulated on making his poll, it will serve the useful purpose of focusing light on the open candidates and on the dark horses, and Stimulating discussion among the Democratic rank and file. But Roosevelt and his friends would be foolish to lean much on this poll. A year is a long way to go in hard times. Many reputations may be made or broken before the 1932 convention. Joliet rioters are said to have used band instruments for weapons. “Let’s blow!” is probably what they said as they dashed for the door. As for that north pole trip, leave it to the Wilkins submarine expedition to get to the bottom of things. Any firm which employs an orchestra for radio broadcasting believes, apparently, that it plays to advertise. A professor at a western university advises co-eds to take up pipe smoking for relaxation. The question, is. will they puff up with pride?

REASON

SOME of the papers say that Governor Roosevelt; of New York is embarrassed in his presidential aspirations by the fact that he must take a stand | m the demand fbr an investigation of Tammany, but these papers are mistaken. a tt tt Right now Roosevelt has the opportunity of his young life, for he has only to go after Tammany, tooth and all to be nominated by the Democrats next year But should he play pussy wants a corner with the Tammany Tiger, then he is lost. it ts st TAMMANY is unspeakably horrible. Never in its long, spotted career has it shown such infamy as aow. It would disgrace the infernal regions, and if Roosevelt goes after it with an ax he will be a very tall political figure. tt st e Speaking about the name, Roosevelt, there has been some talk the last few days to the effect that President Hoover would like to have young Teddy for his running mate next year. Some say he went to Porto Rico just to dramatize Roosevelt, now Governor of that island, but this is far fetched. a a st Its easy to see how the President might think the Roosevelt name would be an asset to the ticket in ’32, particularly since Mr. Hoover is on .the outs with the progressive leaders in the house and senate. tt a tt \LMOST anybody would be an improvement on Curtis, as a campaigner. The candidate for Vice-President these days is supposed to go all over the country and “set ’em wild” from the rear end of a special train, and Curtis can t do this. tt tt a ' But Roosevelt the younger would suffer a great disadvantage. Everybody would compare him with his father and we are unable to think of anybody at the moment, now breathing air in the United States who could survive such a comparison. o tt o Mr. Hoover is in unusual need of such a sparkling mate, for he loathes the whoop-la of a campaign and will not indulge in it. Os course, he can just about take his choice, for the vice-presidency is more alluring than formerly to these who contemplate entering the White House by the back door.

Ry FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy —— S A VS:

Wouldn’t It Bea Good Idea to Try Out the Hunch Method in Relieving the Depression? NEW YORK, March 31.—According to 200 more or less distinguished scientists, hunch is a big asset in their trade. You are not to put exclusive, or even exaggerated, faith in it, however, because it won't come unless the way is prepared properly. To solvjp a problem by the hunch method, you first study it carefully and diligently for a given periodsay five, ten or fifteen years. Then you forget it, either through the natural processes of fatigue or i through turning your attention to something else. If the hunch fails to materialize after a reasonable length of time, you stimulate it by playing tennis, \ getting out the flivver, drinking ■ strong coffee or violating the eighteenth amendment. If you belong to the 83 per cent whose psychology is auspicious) and if you have proceeded according to the rules, you get that “unifying or : clarifying flash of genius” which is necessary to do the trick. If. on the other hand, you belong | to the 17 per cent whose psycho- : logical makeup doesn’t fit, it’s just too bad. Will Hubby Fall? IT is not recorded whether Dr. R. N. Harger of the University of i Indiana had a hunch, or worked ■ the thing out by methods of pitiless deduction, but he has produced a j contraption which ought to make Andrew Volstead give three rousing cheers. This contraption is nothing less than a scientific breath detector, so delicate that it will show up the slightest taint of alcohol, yet so simple that even a flapper wife can operate it. The secret consists of a red liquid which turns white when contaminated with alcoholic exhalations. The victim, if he is one of those easy, gullible sort, readily can be induced to make the proper contact by simply blowing through a glass tuoe. If he happens to be mean and suspicious, the same result can be obtained by having him blow up a toy balloon and then stick the nozzle in the liquid. Dr. Harger says that need for detection of drunken drivers inspired him to invent the device. To a layman, the device appears somewhat incomplete, since the mere presence of alcohol is not enough to establish drunkenness. Even congress admits that when it allows one-half of 1 per cent. If we are going to have a scientific breath detector, we must have one that will disclose the amount, and then we must agree on what amount is necessary to produce a state of inebriety. a a tt Try It on the Depression ALL things considered, wouldn't it be a good idea to try the hunch method on this depression. If 'ardent study represents the right kind of preparation, we have done a thorough job and the time is ripe for us to try some of those diversions which are supposed to produce the “clarifying flash.” Since coffee is said to have worked well in 14 per cent of the cases, and hooch in 314 per cent, we might be able to drum lip a little trade, which should make the proposition attractive from a business standpoint. Also, we might be able to increase the consumption of tobacco, since that is said to have worked well in a number of cases, or sell more shoes, since walking in the country is reported to have helped. Putting such incidental advantages aside, we certainly could do no worse with the hunch method than we have with all our elaborate planning. tt a a They Feel the Slump SPEAKING of the depression, the Cunard line reports a net return of only $93,005 last year, compared with $4,048,195 in 1929 and $2,759,390 in 1928. Quite as significant, it reports a gain in third-cabin passengers, while first and second cabin passengers have decreased. A similar effect is noticeable in the growth of coffee shop patronage in most American hotels, as contrasted to the dwindling of the “main dining room crowd.” There is nothing like hard times to remind people how little they really get out of that “dog and swank” which is paraded in the name of service, and how much more important the quality of food is than the kind or number of dishes in which its is served.

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BUNSEN’S BIRTH March 31 ON March 31, 1811, Robert W. Bunsen, a distinguished German chemist, was born at Gottingen. Bunsen's discoveries have formed important contributions to the progress of science in the latter part of the nineteenth century. He was the first to produce magnesium in large quantities. In 1860, he invented the magnesium light, important in photography. His greatest discovery was that of spectrum analysis, made in conjunction with Kirchoff. This led to the discovery of important alkali metals. Bunsen always will be remembered by physicists and chemists for the much used gas burner which bears his name. The principle of the Bunsen burner is now widely utilized in gas stoves for cooking purposes. He also made valuable discoveries in organic chemistry and invented the ice calorimeter, a filter pump and other useful apparatus. How many Indians are there in the United States? According to latest statistics, there are 355,481. What is white magic and black magic? White magic attempted to invoke the aid cf angels and benign beings in contrast to black magic which attempted to conjour up the evil spirits to serve the will of man.

Another Author Gets Slapped!

K i\ \Jf . A

—DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Too Much Cellulose Bad in Diet

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygcia, the Health Magazine. AHORSE and a cow eat hay and get some nourishment from it, but a human being can not. The reason is that the cellulose of hay can not be digested properly by the human digestive tract, and the substance therefore is passed through the intestines. Most vegetables and fruits and whole grain cereals contain cellulose which serves to give bulk to the material in the bowel and in that way to give the intestines something to work on. Cellulose may be sufficiently tender to be partially digested as, for example, in the form of lettuce, fruits and cooked vegetables, but in general it is not digested. Potatoes, beans, nuts and olives

IT SEEMS TO ME

IAM old enough to remember back to a time when people said that Socialism might be all right, but that, after all, you couldn’t change human nature and that the purposes of the party were too idealistic. And now, in several comments on “Americ’s Way Out,” by Norman Thomas, the point is raised that here is a scheme which is too sensible. One or two have said that no difference lies between the plan outlined by Mr. Thomas and various platforms presented by men who call themselves Progressives. It may be held that something of fire and dash has departed from the radical movement. But I hold to a contrary explanation. It seems to me that the world has begun to catch up. Things which were visionary twenty years ago now have become at least possible. We have had a change of heart, even though not much of that has crept into legislation. Every theory must have a rendezvous at last with facts if it is to prevail. It was easy enough to talk of individualism in piping times of prosperity. But when unemployment is just under the nose of every one of us, we no longer can cling with any comfort to old conservative catch-words. tt tt tt One Step to the Left I AM heretic in my belief that a time may come when capitalism isn’t even good enough for capitalists. Already certain industrial leaders are becoming aware of the necessity of making provision to tide labor over slack periods. This I will grant is still a long way off from a co-operative commonwealth. But it is. for all that, a ; step toward the left. And fifteen years ago I used to hear a great deal about the parlor i Socialist. He was a man who voiced certain radical beliefs over the tea and chocolate, but never associated himself distinctly with the movement. He is gone. And in his place there lives and sips the parlor Communist, You will meet him at many gatherings And with great scorn he will dismiss anything short of bloody revolution. That does not mean that he personally is anxious to man a barrij cade or even to face such penalties ;as are inflicted in many states against believers in the Communist j philosophy. He merely wants to talk and make I upon the assembled company an imi pression of ruthlessness. I am always somewhat shocked when people speak too blithely about “liquidating the middle class” j or “.extirpating the bouregeoisie.” It seems to me that these people : are without much imagination. They | can not grasp at all just w ? hat it would mean to apply the Russian technique to any complete American overturn. tt tt tt Profiting by Mistakes I THINK if Lenin still lived and had it to do all over again with a foretaste of what was going to happen, he would not willingly repeat each blunder. Indeed, the best than can be said for Russian leadership it has proceeded with

have some cellulose which may be utilized to a certain extent in the body, but in the majority of instances the cellulose is not utilized properly except for roughage. Cellulose is a complex material, built up entirely of carbohydrate. Cellulose also is found in paper obtained from wood, cotton is practically pure cellulose, and the substance is found also in large amounts in bran. When water acts on cellulose, it may swell it up somewhat, increasing its bulk still further. Few people realize the danger of a diet containing too much cellulose. Such a diet interferes with digestion of the useful material, and it may irritate a sensitive intestinal tract to the extent of causing an erosion or inflammation.

uv HEYWOOD BROUN

some regard for the wise principles of acting upon the system of trial and error. Things which d|d not succeed were shelved, or at the very least delayed, when it became obvious that they would not work. Even the most solidified dogma had to give way to the present necessity of realistic happenings. And so I hold that it is close to insanity for left-wing agitators to insist that there is no salvation for America except to travel along the Russian road, meeting every bump and hollow in the thoroughfare. Nobody is restricted to a simple choice between things as they are and firings as they exist in Moscow. Human nature is infinitely variable. And so are economic solutions. There can not be a hard and fast rule suitable to the needs of every nation and every people. I make this point with “America's Way Out” in mind, for one or two have said that the scheme outlined by Norman Thomas is too vague for their fervency. But no individual at the beginning of a long journey possibly can outline every step of the way. He must make allowances for drift and head winds. Many problems can be solved with wisdom only when they are close at hand. Even the most radical program must have between its beginning and its goal a sort of No Man’s Land, where incident and episode are not possible of prediction. The leader who says, "On such a day and at such an hour this will happen and that I will do,” is no economist at all, but one who has fallen into the heresy of palmistry and star-gazing. The best we should expect from any prophet is to have him point out the direction in w r hich w r e ought to travel. Upon the road there must be sudden twists and turns. And it is enough if we keep at hand a compass. tt a a Large Bodies Move Slowly 1 is it a justified criticism that Socialism imposes upon floundering folk too long a period of watchful waiting. Progress can be just as fast as an aroused majority wills it. Minorities, of course, can travel faster, since they bear with them little baggage. But these are only scouting parties, and they, too, must pause at some point and wait for the main body to catch up with them. Os course, much of the romance and glamor has gone from Socialism. It is more exciting to talk in terms of machine guns and barricades. The suggestion that salvation lies in study and observation and in mass education does not appeal to the mind as much as the cry that with one sudden thrust one flurry of bullets, one mad swirl across an avenue, a brand new world can be chieved. Jack Reed gave weight to this fallacy by the title he chose for his book. He wrote to the Russian revolution in “Ten Days That Shook the World.” But that was a careless misapprehension. It was not just the ten days, but the months end years of preparation which went before. * The truth of the matter is that human nature cao_be changed, that

Bran, rice, and wheat contain vitamins which may be of great value to the human body. Hence a certain amount of bran is desirable in order to provide the necessary vitamins. However, nature has seen to it that the vitamins of which we know are available in many forms, and it is not necessary to overload the intestines with roughage to secure a sufficient amount of any one vitamin. The various vitamin B components are found in the bran of cereals and in the embryo of cereals *is well. It is safe not to be misled by superlative claims for any one type of food substance, but to eat a widely varied diet which is likely to provide all the essentials.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those ot one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this naner.—The Editor

it has been changed a score of times. The man who had a job and now has none is being educated. His point of view l changes. Not forever will he believe that prosperity is the simple matter of voting for some good man upon the Republican ticket. Few are convinced any more that this is the best of all possible worlds. Everybody wants to be rid of the fear of sickness, of old age, and of poverty. And it requires nothing more than that these people with a vision should enlist for the task or making good the necessary changes. For that fervor is needed. But something else is even more important. It is worth any man’s best effort to live—and die, if necessary—for the cause of common sense. f Copyright. 1931. bv The Times)

Questions and Answers

Is there a real well defined circle at the north and the south poles? The polar circles are not something that can be seen. They are imaginary lines on the globe, bounding the polar areas. They are a geographical expression to define that area which lies about the poles. How can chewing gum be removed from clothing? Freeze the gum with ice and work the material under it until the gum chips off. If any particles remain, they may be removed with chloroform. IVhat are the titles of the latest novel by Zane Grey? “Shepherd of Guadaloupe” and “Wolf Tracker.” How many airplane carriers has the United States navy? Three, the Lexington, Langley and Saratoga.

Your Child's Curiosity About the facts of life and sex is a natural, normal, healthy curiosity. It is implanted by nature. And it rests with you, as an intelligent parent, whether your children shall learn the facts of sex and birth in a decent, nealthv manner, or whether they shall obtain distorted and filthy ideas from the gutter. In the one case you have started your children toward the road of clean living and intelligent comprehension of the sex question: in the other case, their lives may be warped and perhaps ruined. Our Washington Bureau nas ready tor you a copy of its bullet TEACHING CHILDREN THE FACTS OF SEX that will tell you just ho wto go about satisfying the normal curiosity that your children develop on this subject. Fill out the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE — — Dept, 121. Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times. 1322 New York avenue. Washington. D. C. 1 want a copv of the bulletin TEACHING CHILDREN THE FACTS OF SEX. and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling NAME STREET AND NUMBER CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. 'Code No.)

MARCH 31, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIET?

Blue Light Sends Your Image Over Wires to Other End of* Line in Television. A N invisible telephone is part of 4 the equipment of the latest, apparatus, according to a descrip- 4 tion furnished through the engi- ■ neering foundation by Dr. W. E. Alexanderson of the G. E. laboratories and Dr. Herbert E. Ives of the A. T. & T. The ordinary telephone was done 1 away with because it obscured part of the speaker's face. Accordingly, a microphone and a loud speaker were built into the television booth The person using the device enters the booth and sits down in front of a rectangular frame. As soon as the circuit is established he sees the person to whom he is speaking in the frame. At the other end of the line the person to whom he is speaking sees him in a similar frame. The conversation then is carried'' on just as though it were taking; place over tire garden fence the - concealed microphones and ioudspeakers turning the trick. A second factor which strikes 2he • user as unusual is the fact that the - booth Is lighted with a dim orange' light. This is because the photo- •> electric cells necessary for the television apparatus are insensitive to “ orange or red light. a tt a Blue Light AS the person sits in the televi- * sion booth, a mild blue light r plays constantly over his face. It H is this light, reflected from his face to the photo-electric cells, which “ sends his image over tire wires to the other end of the line. This blue light, according to Ives and Alexanderson, is so faint that { the person is hardly aware that it • is shining upon him. The image of the person, as it appears at the receiving end of the:; apparatus, is black against a pink- ' ish background. This is because the ; receiving apparatus makes use of , the familiar neon light. The principle of the television is" not difficult to understand. The essential parts of the sending ap-,." paratus are the blue light already”' mentioned, the photo-electric cells, and a scanning disk. !. The scanning disk is a metal disk:' with holes drilled in it in a spiral. ” Tire blue light shines through these;holes to reach the face of the per- ” son. Because of the spiral arrange-;:: ment of the holes, the light plays in turn upon each portion of his •• face, reflecting in turn the proper intensity of light or shadow into., the photo-electric cells. These cells cause the current in • the telephone wires to fluctuate with similar variations. The receiving apparatus consist.% of a neon tube and another scan- •>, ning disk in front of it. The person at the receiving end looks at the neon tube through the holes ;; in the revolving scanning disk. As the light of the neon tube fluctuates, he sees bits of its light through the holes in the disk. Butdue to the persistence of vision, he T puts these small bits of varying intensities together into a complete picture. a tt a ',. Radio Tests TWO-WAY television is accom- li plished by having both a trans-... mitting apparatus and a receiving appartus at either end of the line. ;; Attempts at radio television, using essentially the same plan, also” have been successful. The longest television transmis- - sion accomplished so far by radio' 1 was between New York and Austra- ” lia and back again. No attempt, “ however, was made to transmit a- - in this test, but merely a rec-T tangle. The experimenters report that ■< "after traveling 20.000 miles, the !• rectangle still had four corners, al- !< though broken into pieces most of j the time.” The rise of television is an inter- - resting stcry. The principles were worked out fifty years ago by a Ger- “ man scientist named Nipkow. He >• invented the scanning disk and sug- I, gested the use of the photo-electric " cell. But in his day, engineering skillhad not perfected either the cell or : { the auxiliary apparatus sufficiently” to make the device work. In 1927 Alexanderson produced a picture three inches square. In 1929 " he managed to get one fourteen;, inches square, and in 1930 tele- h vision was used to produce a pic-!’ turn on the screen of a Schenectady,, movie theater The Bell telephone laboratories"! achieved one-way etelevision over,: wires between New York and Wash-;| ington on April 7, 1927. The laboratory demonstrated two-.; way television over wires for the • first time on April 9, 1930. V

Daily Thought They that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament.—l Hosea 12:3. He gains wisdom in a happy was who gains it by another’s experiment.—Plautus.