Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 274, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 March 1931 — Page 6

PAGE 6

S CK IPPJ - M OW AjtD

Race, Riches or Reason? Are we prostituting the brains and brawn of the human race to the accumulation of riches? So alleges the distinguished British scientist, Arthur Keith, in the New York Times. According to Dr. Keith, there have been two main stages in the evolution of the race and human culture: The first was a very long prehistoric phase, in which the evolution of man proceeded under conditions established by nature. In that long phase, man’s evolution proceeded apace. Higher and higher types cf mankind were produced. The world was contrived cunningly for the production of race—not of wealth. “The second phase—critical and short—set in 10,000 years ago, with the discovery of agriculture leading on to our modem civilization. In this second phase, evolution has proceeded among man-made conditions. The main aim of this second phase has been the production of wealth —not of race. . . . Civilization is smashing nature's machinery of evolution to fragments.'* The way out, according to Dr. Keith, is the application of eugenic principles and the subordination of money-making to race improvements: Statesmen are awakening to the fact that breeding a race is as important—nay, is more important—than the accumulation of national wealth. I see in the r:se of strong schools of eugenics clear proof that white peoples are resolved that economics is not to be the mistress of their destiny, but their slave. The motto of the eugenist is manhood first, commerce second.” One may welcome all such suggestions for racial Improvement, but our most serious handicap today is net physical defect, but erroneous ideas ar.d faulty institutions. There is not the slightest evidence that our present distressing confusion and depression are due to lack of physical prowess or native intelligence. Our world crisis is cultural, not physical. Nor is there any proof that any reasonable increase in brawn or brains would help us out of our mess. The very notions and practices which are challenging civilization today have been upheld powerfully by seme of the greatest intellects of our time—the elder Morgan, the elder Rockefeller, Winston Churchill, Poincare, Stinnes, and the like. There is no proof that hide-bound Toryism is correlated with physical or mental defect. If our civilization in the United States is to be saved, it wall have to be through the application of some such body of ideas as those expounded by, say, George Norris. The economic and political principles of George Moses ultimately would ruin America or any other modern civilization. But there is no evidence that the Nebraska George possesses any greater physical or mental vigor than his colleague from New Hampshire. Intelligent education rather than eugenics is what we need today. Indeed, eugenics becomes significant and possible only as a unit in a broad and modernized educational scheme. Revolt in India Revival of riots in India on the heels of the Gandhi-British truce reveals the weakness of Great Britain’s muddle-through method. While Britain has been treating Gandhi and his unconditional dominion status movement as something to be fought, a more extreme revolutionary movement has been growing under cover. Apprehensive of this development, the more intelligent statesmen in London for some years have been urging acceptance of Gandhi’s terms, rather than be forced to accept worse in the end. London’s failure to act on this policy drove all sections of the Indian nationalist movement further to the left, Gandhi along with the rest. The same popular pressure which pushed Gandhi to the left in turn produced a younger and more extreme group of leaders. They now challenge the Gandhi truce as treason to the nationalist cause. Soon Gandhi may be all that keeps the British from being kicked out of India, bag and baggage. He may be and may not be, according to how fairly the Eritish deal with Gandhi in the coming critical months. Upon Britain’s willingness to make additional concessions for unconditional dominion status will depend not only Gandhi’s observance of the temporary truce, but also Gandhi's ability to restrain his restless millions. Tire incidents during the last week, in which angry crowds have jeered and molested .Gandhi because of his truce, could not have occurred a year or even a month ago. That temporary temper of the masses is apt to grow. From the British point of view the danger in the younger revolutionary movement is its method of violence. Under ordinary circumstances, a military power can handle a violent native revolt by the quick and simple use of machine guns. Britain has done that in the past. But the situation is too explosive now. Repetition of the Amritsar massacre of natives might lead to a wholesale massacre of 3ritish. Anyway, the younger revolutionary leaders propose to use not only violent revolt, but to couple with that the now well-tested Gandhi method of steady economic boycott and nonpayment of taxes. Such being the situation, it would appear to be to the British interest to go a long way toward granting Gandhi’s reasonable demands, rather than precipitate bloodshed which eventually would sever India from the British empire. An Apology to Kansas Recently, discussing the action of the Kansas legislature in passing a bill to restore capital punishment, we remarked, “Kansas has not been distinguished for straight political thinking in recent times.” New. it seems, we owe that state or its Governor, Harry- W. Woodring, an apology. ■ Governor Woodring has vetoed the bill and his veto message is an example of very straight thinking, indeed. Among other things, -he says: “My veto of these bills is not actuated by any maudlin sympathy for the criminal. Society has the right and must protect itself against the assaults of the anti-social. My veto Is predicated upon my conviction that it is for the best interests of the state that capital punishment be not restored, and it is with the interests of society in mind that I exercise the veto power. “While the science of criminology, which embraces the science of penology, is a subject upon which we all have definite, pronounced, and generally erroneous views, the truth is that most of the defects in our system of dealing with crime are due to our failure to put away passion and prejudice and attack the solution of the problem from a scientific angle, as we So other problems. “We can not . avoid the primitive human instinct which demands vengeance for the satisfaction of the

The Indianapolis Times (A gCBIPFS-BOWABD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indlanapolie Times Publishing Cos., 21A-22A West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOVD GURLEY. ROY W HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 5&51 FRIDAY. MARCH 27. 1931. Member of United Press Scrlpps-Bowsrd Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

resentment of the individual. In tribal days our ancestors viewed the punishment of crime as a personal matter, to be settled between the parties, or, in case of homicide, between the accused and the relatives of the deceased. "Sometimes the relatives demanded a life for a life; sometimes blood money was accepted in satisfaction c-f the crime. Later, under monarchical systems, the commission of crime was considered a personal affront to the sovereign and the punishment was meted out by the ruler to satisfy his demand for personal vengeance. “Among the Jews and other eastern peoples with highly developed religious instincts the crime was a personal affront to the Deity, who demanded satisfaction of his desire for personal vengeance, and the tribe or community killed or cast out the offender to avoid having the wrath of their Deity visited upon them. “Until comparatively recent years many crimes that now are minor offenses were punishable by death. Long and bitter experience taught that severe punishment did not deter crime, but made conviction more difficult. “Gradually, from this experience, civilized nations have adopted the theory that the criminal laws must be administered solely for the protection of society, and that the lust for personal vengeance must be disregarded in the interest of social order. “We have also learned that society itself is in many cases responsible for permitting the subnormal and mentally deficient to be at large when they clearly are subjects for institutional care,” Illinois Repeals The Illinois state legislature has passed a bill repealing the state’s prohibition enforcement law. It now is before the Governor, and if signed will withdraw support from federal enforcement efforts. Illinois is of course wet in reality, and has been, so it is unlikely that the legislation would alter conditions much. The state in a referendum voted two to one for repeal, so the act of the legislature carries out the will of the voters. However, no substitute is offered. The state could not, of course, legalize the sale of liquor, so long as federal statutes stand. The legislation in Illinois follows a memorial to congress from the legislature of Massachusetts to call a convention of the states under Article 5 of the Constitution to consider repeal of the eighteenth amendment. The Wisconsin state assembly has pending before it a measure asking congress to arrange for a national referendum on the prohibition question. Meantime, legislation for modification or repeal of the prohibition act is pending in. many states—California, Montana, Missouri, Nevada, New York, North Dakota, Rhode Island among them. The next congress will be dry and it is not to be expected that there will be any immediate action on the proposals of the states. Their action is extremely significant, however, in showing the trend of public sentiment. Finally, perhaps, enough of the states will speak to upset the Volstead act. Tills globe of ours, say scientists, is...more than two billion years old. They could tel lthat just by looking at the face of the earth. Babe Ruth got a ducking in Florida because he couldn’t handle an oar. The umps, however, think hell get in a good row before the season’s o’er. A composer received • inspiration for an opera among- the moonshining mountaineers. A good title might be “Oft in the Stilly Night.” The Soviet government awards prizes to janitors who save most fuel. A cold proposition, that. Everything is subject to change, except, of course, the taxi driver. From the scanty evening gowns we have seen, we would say the designers are very aboriginal. Slaves to fashion, shop dealers notice, give orders instead of take them. “Best in the long run” may be an admirable, slogan, but it never would do for hosiery manufacturers. The janitor is one who hopes there will be no April fueling.

REASON

THE best possible justification of the federal income tax is the report that during the slump .year of 1929 more than 500 persons paid taxes on annual incomes of one million dollars. The fellows who get the most money cut of life and the most protection out of their country should walk up to the captain’s tent and settle. a a a We paid our income tax the other day and we didn’t have to take an anesthetic to kill the pain. True, it was not so large as Rockefeller’s-, but the payment of any amount of tax has irked the proud sons of Lexington and Bunker'Hill: a a .a IT didn’t hurt a bit because that tax represented a little prosperity and the fellow who isn’t willing to give his country a little slice of the prosperity his country permits him to make—well, he’s not the kind of a bird to name your infant after. But when it comes to paying tax on dead real estate, that’s a horse of another color. a a a There's no p.osperity in that—nothing but loss—and to pay for the privilege of hawing a calamity, well, there's no thrill in- that. - -- - a a a So, that income tax of ours was not so large as Rockefeller’s, but we sincerely wish it had been, for the resulting implications are extremely pleasant. The man who makes Rockefeller’s money ought to be glad to come across. THE more we live and the more we see of time and chance, the more we realize that golden returns often are quite independent of thrift and industry. A lot of money just goes to a lot of people because it is out for a stroll and has no other place to go. a a a A tax on good luck is the most equitable proposition under the sun and if grea tfortune ever should so far forget itself as to wander into our neighborhood and we should close up like a clam, then we want the Old Gentleman with the hour glass and scythe to hit us with a club. a a a The taxation which caused our colonial ancestors to go to war was nothing compared with the unjust taxation now piled upon dead land, and if a foreign power imposed it the lid would be blown oS before sundown. .. . .. ___ / . But this does not necessarily mean that the wrong will be borne complacently forever. k-

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy

-SAYS:-

People Are Much More Sensible, If Not More Virtuous, Than They Were Before Business Fell Off . PITTSBURGH, March 27.—1 t all began with a grocer who thought he wasn’t getting a square | deal, and who had courage enough 1 to say so. Why couldn’t anybody, except the favored few, seem to get a fair break when it came to selling the city food, he wanted to know? Spurred on by such a shining ex- : ample of impertinence toward an administration which had been al- | lowed to run the city as it liked, | other people began to ask questions | of a similar nature about other mat- ; ters. Pittsburgh hardly had time to i realize what was up before it found j itself in the midst of a cleanup ! drive. Neither the trouble, nor the sudi den effort to correct it, are unique. Look at Chicago; look at New York; lock at Asheville, N. C. Rotten politics and inefficient government represent not only a na-tion-wide, but a world-wide condition. What else produced a Gandhi, or made it possible for Ramsay MacDonald to become premier of England? U 8 H System Is Crooked THE war resulted in a regretable amount of dishonesty, just as wars always do. While millions of young men died at S3O a month, or less, other people made unreasonably large fortunes by supplying them food, clothing, equipment and ammunition. The crookedness this involved was excused as necessary by every political system. Indeed, it was woven right into the system. Post-war prosperity lulled people into the belief that it probably wasn’t so bad as painted, and that, if it .were, why should they worry, as long as they got theirs? It took the depression to wake them up, which shows that even the worst disaster is not always an unmixed evil. The chances are ten to one that the Pittsburgh grocer’s plaint wouid have fallen flat but for the great amount of unemployment and the large number of property, owners who couldn't pay their taxes. tt tt ts Deaf and Dumb WHO can say where we would have gone, with our speculation, our financial tricks, our political machines and our rackets, but for this grim reminder of what they v/gre posting? Two years ago, we were not only content with a lot of obviously rotten conditions, but ready to cheer them; ready to wink at the rawest kind of mismanagement and injustice, ready to believe that the concentration of wealth in a few hands was not so bad. : When’ informed that a couple of millionaires, had come mighty near i getting away with the bulk of the | government’s oil reserve, many I people took it as a huge joke. As for the high jinks staged by ! politicians like-Vare, or gang leaders like Capone—well, they just .went with a big, happy, crosperous country. a tt a Disaster Is Eye-Opener PEOPLE are much more sensible, if not more virtuous, than they were before trade fell off, especially here in America. Many of them even can endure the suggestion that a fairer distribution of wealth is desirable, without getting mad or yelling “red” at the man who makes it. The same favorable reaction is discernible in other countries. England finds it possible to consider the possibility of an autonomous India, while France has given up the idea of moving a dozen divisions up to the Rhine every time a German says something she doesn’t like. It’s discouraging to believe that people can’t recognize their follies, or won’t, until disaster results. With all our educating, training and specializing, it seems as though we might foresee and forestall some of the trouble. It’s the Bunk AS a matter of common sense, we don’t face one situation today that we didn’t face two years ago, or need to do one thing that we didn’t need to do then. What we are suffering is the direct and inevitable consciousness of what we neglect. You have laughed at the “man-in-Arkansas” who couldn’t fix his leaky roof when it rained and didn’t need it when it cleared off. Well, his attitude wasn’t any more shiftless or illogical than that of some of our alleged leaders. They didn’t need to do anything when times were flush, and now that times are hard, they think they can’t. You’ll hear a lot of that josh from now’ on, especially in 1932. You’ll hear men say that they know things are bad, but that they only will be made worse by a disturbance; that everybody must keep quiet for the old home town’s sake, or the good of the party, or to maintain confidence. Don’t pay any attention to it. Right, truth, and justice are the same old articles, whether times are good or bad.

Daiiy Thought

What rein can hold licentious wickedness, when down the hill he holds his fierce career?—Shakespeare. Be ye strong therefore, and let not your hands be weak: for your work ' shall be rewarded.—ll Chronicles 15:7. To be strong is to be happy.— t.-ongfellow. Who popularized the phrase “innocuous desuetude” and how was it used? President Cleveland used the phrase in a message to congress in 1886, speaking of certain laws that had been revived after long disuse. It has the sense of harmless disuse. What was a chevalier? It is a French title, corresponding to the English knight. What was the vote for Smith and for Hoover in New York in the last Presidential election? • New York gave Smith 1,167,907, and Hoover 714402.

- | PI ' ' ' ' 1 ~£p^gjp^ : r

Strange Sensitivity Cases Studied

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Ed-icr, Journal of the American Medic:! Association and o? Hygeia, the Health Magazine. SCIENTIFIC knowledge of sensitivity to various substances is of comparatively recent development. Certainly all the important material has been brought together since the beginning of the twentieth century. Some of the commonest examples of sensitivity are mentioned by Dr. Francis Rackemann in a recent publication on the subject. The commonest type is the person who develops each year, during late August and September, attacks of itching eyes, weeping, and a head cold, because he is sensitive to the pollens of ragv/eed. Another type is the fireman who .had asthma only when, he slept in the firehouse near the horses, but whose asthma . disappeared when ihe motor apparatus replaced the horses. He was sensitive to horse dandruff. Some women sneeze when they mix dough for baking,- because they are sensitive to wheat flour.

IT SEEMS TO ME by

MIKE GOLD, one of the most spirited of New York’s Communists, is absent in Russia on a vacation. He supplies some interesting sidelights on the Soviet’s equivalent for the Algonquin round table. Mr. Gold begins with the rather tall assertion that under the reign of Stalin all petty jealousies among authors have been eradicated. “Every artist and writer who comes to us,” he says in the New Masses, “must be stimulated into activity, not inherited. Cur criticism of each other must be accurate, but brotherly. We must not allow the petty-bound Bohemian jealousies to enter our new world.” But this is on Page 5, for on Page 6 he deals with one popular Soviet author of the day named Kataev and observes that he “wrote that subtle and vicious lie, ‘The Embezzlers.’ ” And Mr. Gold adds in a trqa spirit of proletarian brotherhood, “one of his plays running here now is a cheap conventional French bedroom farce which he has plagiarized and offered as a true picture of Soviet morality.” The catiff, Kataev, is consigned to the lowest of the infernos by the visiting comrade from New York. “Such people as Kataev belong in the United States,” remarks the tripper. “They would be happy there and snatched up at once in the fictional market.” a a tt Among Best Sellers f AM afraid that even a resoluJL tion will not serve to soothe entirely the savage breast of all who meet in competition upon the literary lists, although it may be merely a coincidence that Mr. Kataev’s book, “The Embezzler,” sold just a trifle better than Mr. Gold’s excellent study called “Jews Without Money.” Nor does one have to travel so far afield to retain the fear that authors may remain a rule unto themselves under any economic dispensation whatsoever. There is as yet no evidence that Theodore Dreiser’s more recent Soviet sympathies have done much to sweeten his disposition. And in reading between the lines of Mike Gold’s notes upon the glorious existence of Stalin’s subjects, I find other indications that something of the old Adam remains even in the hearts of consecrated Communists. Thus, when he speaks of members of tiie Red army he strikes a familiar note in his insistence that this is quite a different sort of thing from other military machines. It is not one of George Creel’s Minute Men in 1917, but the revotionary Mike Gold who writes in 1931, “They remind one of Washington’s ragged farm hands marching in review at Valley Forge. . . . They remind one of one’s father and mother and brothers, and their bayonets are not militarism—thc-y are one’s own weapons of self-de-fense.” The Old Refrain WAIVING the interesting Freudian problem as to why anybody should be reminded of his mother by the sight, of a warrior H -_r JiJ - *

‘Onward Christian Soldier '

-DAILY HEALTH SERVICE-

Among the most interesting cases are those that have been reported of people so sensitive to fish glue that they have an attack of swelling of the tongue every time they lick a postage stamp. Some people are sensitive to milk and have severe eczema; others are sensitive to furs of .certain animals; ethers to silk. There are other causes as well. A person may be sensitive to bacteri or to their toxins. The most difficult forms are those in which people become sensitized to the proteins of serums or to other substances which may be injected into the body. Although such cases occur, they are quite infrequent, since a New York investigator found only two cases among 30,000 people who were injected with antitoxin, and only two severe recations among 105,000 children given diphtheria toxinantitoxin. This knowledge of sensitivity has been the means of explaining a vast number of unusual cases and strange disorders which have pre-

fully equipped, I would like to remind Mike Gold that just the same sort of tosh was talked about our democratic army in this own land of ours when we surrendered rationality to embark upon a crusade. Bayonets, I gravely fear, just are bayonets all the world over. Not even holy Russia can beat them into sentimental reminders of home and mother. Steel which is sweet and steel which is sanctified tears human tissue in precisely the same way as that which has not been blessed by Stalin. Again, though I have heard many times that in the Soviet republic the toiler comes first in the consideration of the state, it seems that Gold, the intellectual, did not find this rule to be enforced without exceptions. He writes of “the daily bread and cabbage soup of 150,000,000 human beings.” But did Mike Gold fare forth on these rations? Well, not exactly. His traveling companions, after he crossed the border were “a leading Marxian critic” and two professors, and Mr. Gold observes, with pardonable pride, “they had an enormous basket of roast chicken, baked apples, black bread and some marvelous Tiflis wine.” “We ate, sang, smoked, drank and talked about Dreiser, Sinclair, Des Passes, Hemingway, the new masses, Herbert Hoover and Al Capone all night,” adds Mr. Gold. a a a And the Heathen IT sounds like a jolly party and singularly similar to many held on almost any Main street comer by members of the hated bourgeoisie. I should like to have been there myself, for I could have brought up

K*~i|| ]J. | oc 1 1| mTi I j V Oi'ni ii t>i ■iiTwa -—i—*—'S

VIGNY’S BIRTH March 27

ON March 27, 1799, -Allred Count de Vigny, famous French poet and novelist, was born at Loches, France. After receiving his early schooling in Paris he entered the army at 16 and served twenty years. While a soldier he had published a small volume of verse, followed two years later by the epic, “Eloa,” an exquisite piece of mystic fantasy. In 1825 Vigny published a long historical romance, “Cinq Mars,” which gained immediate and great success. Though he falsified his history a little in this work, Vigny gained the distinction of being the first in a field where Dumas and Hugo were to gather brighter laurels. Vigny did his bit in the romantic rejuvenation of the drama by translating Shakespeare’s “Othello” and by writing dramas. But he saw the limitations of romanticism in drama and never pursued his success. In 1945 he was elected to the Academy. V ...

viously not' been well understood. Sensitivity apparently is related to such conditions as asthma, hayfever, eczema, chronic rhinitis, eruptions on the skin, persistent headaches, and perhaps to disturbances of the intestinal tract, the frequent appearance of canker sores and many similar disorders. Determination of the existence oi a sensitivity demands all of the acumen and diagnostic skill that the physician may possess. Already allergy has become a specialty within the great field of medical science. Such experts arrange to test the reaction of the patient to extracts of proteins of various types, and on the basis of these reactions to present to the patient a plan of life involving the avoidance of the protein substances to which the patient may be sensitive. Sometimes it is possible by the injection of the patient with increasing doses of extracts of the substances to which he may be sensitive to desensitize him so that thereafter he does not suffer from any disturbance.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor

one item of newspaper gossip which has not yet penetrated into the land where the proletariat is dictator and where for convenience sake Mr. Stalin is the proletariat. Between songs I would have liked to tell the saga of the encounter between Theodore Dreiser and Sinclair Lewis, though I would have been forced to admit that the affair ended unhappily and not in a double knockout. (Copyright, 1931. by The Times)-

People’s Voice

Editor Times—l notice in the Indianapolis papers an account of a Bible study class in a lady’s home in the supposed-to-be rich north side district being stopped by neighbors by law. They said that it in no way interfered with them, nor was it a nuisance, but that it would depreciate the value of the property. Avery poor, flimsy excuse. The Bible says, “When a few meet together in my name, there will I be also.” It is coming to a peculiar situation when people studying the Bible, especially in the owner’s home, and I must say one of tne beauty spots on the north side, are interfered with. Last Sunday morning I arose early, took an interurban, and came to your city unbeknown to any one and attended one of these gatherings, and I safely can say that if any one of the signers of that petition would have attended that grand meeting of God-loving people, they surely would have been ashamed. “To dwell together in peace, to seek the truth in love and to help one another.” This is their creed, and it surely fits the little group. I offer a prayer each day for them, and may this just be a step to bigger and better things, and may they

They Do, Too! There’s a lot of truth in that old saw, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away!” The apple is called the “king of fruits.” Among all the fruits apples are chiefly favored by the American .people. They please the eye, delight the taste and are invaluable regulators of bodily functions. They contain little protein ahd hardly any fat, but their high sugar content makes them extremely valuable as a source of energy. Our Washington bureau has ready for you a bulletin containing scores of recipes for using apples in attractive and tempting dishes, in pies, cakes, salads and many other delicious ways. You will want to add this bulletin to your collection of unioue recipes. Fill out the coupon below and send for it. — CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 119, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: I want a copy of the bulletin, Apples and Apple Dishes, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. Name % St. and No City state I am a daily reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

.MARCH 27, 1931

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ

Sci entist Leads Protozoan Army in Its War Against Microbes. THE battle of the microbes! That describes one of the latest triumphs of the machine age. It heralds the day when microbe engineering will take its place among the other engineering professions. The grand marshal of this first, war of the microbes is Dr. John Arthur Wilson of Milwaukee, who just has been awarded the William H Nichols medal of the American Chemical Society. One of the modem ways of fighting an insect pest is to turn loose a second insect which feeds on and destroys the first. Dr Wilson used a similar plan to solve the sewage problem of Milwaukee, building what now is looked upon as the most efficient purification plant in the world. The pollution in sewage consists of millions upon millions of bacteria and the soluab’e products of decomposition which are created by the activity of these bacteria. Dr. Wilson turned to animal microbes. protozoa, to give them their technical name, as the means of solving the problem. Protozoa are microscopic onecelled animals. A drop of pond water placed under a microscope usually reveals several varieties. Perhaps the most familiar one is the amoeba-. Just as many large animals browse on plants, -so the protozoa feed on a diet of bacteria. a a tt Oxygen Needed | TN sewage, there is a battle between the protozoa present and tne bacteria. Ordinarily, it is won by the bacteria, which muitioly far more rapidly than the protozoa, creating conditions suitable to their own growth ar.d multiplication and unfavorable to the protozoa, wh WUs ,’i l £ howed how toe tide of battle could be turned in the favor i °{ toe protozoa by the introduction ;of a supply of oxygen. The oxygen ! causes the protozoa to thrive and they grow in such numbers that ffiey devour all the bacteria present When all the bacteria have been consumed, the protozoa are left without food. They die and their, bodies settle with the purified sludge, which then can be converted into fertilizer. Among the protozoa which feed on the bacteria is one form known as the paramecium. The paramecium is a little oblong, somewhat s.ipper-like cell, covered with short hair-like processes called cilia The rapid vibration of these cilia propel the paramecium through the water and it ingests bacteria tofP u §k a gullet at the end of a little depression known as the ora! groove. Another helpful protozoa is called vorticella. It has a rather round boay, ending in a long, hair-like tail by which it anchors ’itself in a fixed place. It has a mouth or oral groove surrounded by vibrating cilia which propel bacteria into it. a a tt Breeding Tanks THE process developed by Dr. Wilson is known as the “activated sludge method.” The raw sewage is run into tanks, where it is aeriated to supply sufficient oxygen for the battle of the microbes. The sludge settles to the bo, u om of the tank, leaving wate r which, according to Dr. Wilson, is purer than the drinking water of most cities. The water is run off into a lake while the sludge is run through driers and later sold as fertilizer. This fertilizer, according to D r Wilson, is rich in nitrogen and phosphoric acid and sells readily at about S2O a ton. At the present time, Dr. Wilson is working upon plans for breeding tanks in which to raise protozoa He believes that the process could be speeded up by introducing still more of the animal microbes into tne tanks. Dr. Wilson is a colloid chemist of wide experience. He has made important contributions to the leather industry and allied industries. He was bom in Chicago on Aug. 16, 1899, and educated at New York university and the University of Leeds, England. He has been a lecturer at the University of Chicago and at Columbia university. At present, he lives in Milwaukee. secure a place where the good work will not be intefered with, that many may be drawn to them. MRS. HARRY LONGWORTH Connersvilie, Ind. Editor Times—ln The Times of March 19, a writer harshly con demns the present parole system in Indiana. The writer does not seem to know that 75 per cent of all paroled prisoners make good. Society never hears of the fellow who has made good, only the one who is a second - time loser. The state gives the. paroled prisoner $5 and a “please don’t rain suit” and tells him to go and sin no more. Why not give him a round trip ticket? Take the hope of parole from a prisoner and you have an* animal that will stop at nothing. Don’t lick a fellow when he is down. ONE WHO HAS MADE GOOD.