Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 268, Indianapolis, Marion County, 20 March 1931 — Page 6

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Brains or Bars When public authorities pay any attention at all to prisons, they usually are thinking of walls, cells, 6teel bars and the like. The jailor s complex dominates. Interest is all centered in safe custody of convicts. This would be all right if we kept all prisoners shut up forever and never released them. But, aside from some lifers, all prisoners sooner or later will be released. Hence we ought to do a little thinking about what will happen when these men get out. Thus far prisons have discharged them more degenerate human beings than they were upon admission. Reformation is nothing more nor less than effective education. We welcome, therefore, Austin H. MacCormick’s The Education of Adult Prisoners,” just published by the National Society of Penal Information. This book is the first—indeed, the only—thorough study of the prison education situation in the United States. Present conditions, well known to students of penal institutions, are appalling. There are no schools worth mentioning in more than ten out of the sixty state prisons in our country. There are none at all in thirteen of these prisons. In not one is there a.ny adequate provision for vocational cuucation. MacCormlck outlines a comprehensive program which includes rudimentary academic, vocational, health, social and cultural education. Further, he outlines the fundamental principles which must prevail: <T) adoption of individualized instruction; <2) avoidance of reliance on mere stereotyped programs and routine; (3) recognition that convict education is adult education, and not the feeding of juvenile Instruction to grownups; (4) a broad and inclusive curriculum designed to meet all needs; and (5) making interest rather than compulsion the psychological basis of the system. In the goal of making better citizens out of prisoners, an expansive conception of citizenshi’ must prevail. The Perils of Curiosity Henry R. Fuller, talented salesman for the famous Boston publishers, Houghton Mifflin Company, found himself in Memphis one Saturday evening recently. He hesitated to invade the privacy of professors’ homes to vend his wares on the Sabbath. He was fed up on movies. His chief avocation being the study of economic and social conditions, and having heard much about the treatment of Communists in southern cities, he decided to learn the facts. He did—good and plenty. To be completely above board, he went to police headquarters and asked to be directed to Communist headquarters. Whereupon he was told: Their headquarters are right here, sonny. You are in the right place.” Mr. Fuller was yanked in, roughly handled, put on the secret docket of the Memphis police and kept in the Ipcal jail for two days. Friends were not allowed to see hbn. He was given no soap or towel and not allowed to shave. Coni jmation of the suspicion that Mr. Fuller was a secret agent of Stalin was furnished to the police by the fact that he had in his possession a magazine containing an article by Norman Jones. In due time it appeared that the police had pulled • bad boner in putting Mr. Fuller in the hoosegow. He proved no ordinary vagrant Red; indeed, no ordinary book salesman. He was found to be a graduate of the University of North Carolina, a descendant of John Sevier, first Governor of Tennessee, and a grandson of one of General Robert E. Lee’s trusted officers. Moreover, nothing redder than an interest in American life could be proved against him. So Mr. Fuller was turned loose on Monday with three days’ growth of beard. Mayor Overton assured the trembling citizens of Memphis that the city was in no imminent danger of a Communist uprising. But the police came dangerously near to making at least one new Communist. As Mr. Fuller expressed it: “I walked into the Memphis police station a student of economics. I came out almost a Communist.” The Monkey Law Tennessee is thinking of withdrawing her legislative indorsement of the book of Genesis as the true story of creation, and taking from dusty shelves the books of science she has ignored. If she does, she will bring to an end one of the strangest episodes in the modern world. It is six years since Tennessee enacted her "monkey law” and almost that long since John L. Scopes was tried, convicted and fined for teaching evolution in the public schools. Most of the world snickered at Tennessee or deOouneed her for ignorance or bigotry. But, looking back on it all, it is possible to concede that Tennessee unintentionally may have performed a useful service in doing what she did. Certainly she educated many thousands of people in the scientific theories she forbade her own children to learn. Scattered through many states were adults and young people who never heard any except the Biblical theory of creation until their newspapers laid-a feast of scientific thought before them in the summer of 1925. The Scopes trial, featuring two of the nation’s most famous lawyers and reported in every paper in the country, undoubtedly educated thousands of people in Tennessee and other states and, perhaps, housed in them a desire for learning they had not possessed before. Furthermore, it is easy to imagine Tennessee youth during the last six years seeking out scientific treatises with all the zest reserved for forbidden literature. Perhaps Tennessee has hit upon the perfect method for making education interesting. Perhaps she will be making a mistake if she removes Darwin from the shelf where the DeCameron is hidden and puts him back in the compulsory course of study. Mars and the Dole There is much concern and some hysteria about the mounting appropriations throughout the world for unemployment relief. The controversy over the congressional appropriation of $25,000,000 for drought relief occupied the front pages for weeks. Consternation greeted the announcement that congress had appropriated perhaps half a billion dollars for various types of direct and indirect alleviation of suffering due to the depression and drought. We are astonished and dismayed to learn that Britain is spending $5,000,000 a week, or $250,000,000 a year, under the so-called "dole" system. Undoubtedly it is a deplorable and unhealthy socio-economic condition which renders any such htrge-scjile relief necessary. Yet such expenditure^

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are slight in volume and noble in purpose compared to our current expenditures for armament on the heels of the great war to end war. In the first half of the present fiscal year, from July 1 to Dec. 31, 1930, our federal government spent no less than $1,127,651,670 for war purposes. Britain spends more than twice the cost of her dole system for the luxury of maintaining her Supremacy on the seas in a world which officially has renounced war as an instrument of national policy. Authorities estimate that in 1931 the civilized world is spending about $5,000,000,000 for war purposes in this Kellogg era. Therefore, when we read of current increases in the federal income taxes, let us not be misled by the current ballyhoo to the effect that this all is due to increased relief expenditures. 1.. we were to show the slightest public honesty and indicate that we believe in our official protestations of peace, by slashing war expenditures, w e greatly could increase relief appropriations and yet reduce taxes. Mars still is the greatest burden on the backs of man, as he has been since war started back in the days of savagery. The Right Spirit President Hoover and Secretary Hyde have shown the right spirit in relaxing agriculture department regulations on farm relief loans. The $65,000,000 fund recently appropriated is involved. The original regulations, limiting seed and feed loans to a maximum of $2,000 and rehabilitation loans to SI,OOO, proved unreasonably strict. Such loans, when made, failed to achieve the relief purpose of the legislation. Other features of the regulations were so severe and involved that farmers generally protested. Relief can not be extended to those who need it most, because the law specifically required security, and many farmers hate had their securities wiped out by a decade of distress, capped by the drought. But the administration, under the new order, clearly intends to go so far as the law. allows in the direction of liberal interpretation. The need is especially great. . The Red Cross just has reported a serious food shortage in 400 counties of the drought area. At the same time the agriculture department reports that prices of farm products still are declining, having reached in February the lowest point in twenty years. The present farm price index is 90, which is 41 points lower than last year. Rather than fix any new rigid regulations for relief loans, the administration has decided very wisely to leave wide discretion to the local administrative agents, who are in a position to weigh individual needs. If these local agents will carry out the new instructions as liberally as intended, many desperate farmers will be able to get enough money to feed their children and to plant the crops upon which they must depend. The Dam Goes Up The timid said it couldn't be done. Arizona said it shouldn’t be done. Private power interests said the same. It’s that awful thing, “government in business.” It’s the boldest feat in engineering since the Panama canal, man’s most arrogant gesture toward nature. \et up it goes, far off yonder in the granite canyons of Nevada’s wilderness. A contract for nearly $50,000,000, six times the largest ever before let by the United States government, has been awarded to a six-ply group of contractors. A railroad is being built into the gorge. A model circular city, with parks, playgrounds, amusement centers, and all is being planted on what till now has been a howling wilderness. Scon the ugly broncho Colorado that men have feared for centuries will be bridled, tamed and made to tread out 600,000-horse power of electricity, carry water to a score of thirsty cities, gently let down its waters to irrigate instead of destroy the valleys below. ;■ There’s something fateful about the way things get done, an implacable logic to events that men seem powerless to thwart. It was logical that Boulder dam be built. So the big dam goes up.

REASON

THE Indiana legislature was in session for sixtytuo days and about all it did was to leralize prize fighting. There will not be a special session unless we should decide to go in for fighting, which is much more rennea. tt tt tt If we are going to regulate any fights, it’s not necessary to create any new ones. We have a number of old ones that need regulation. For instance, there are the fights between husbands and wives over bridge. tt a tt These encounters call loudly for state supervision, inasmuch as more and more they are leading to the divorce court and in several states have resulted in murder. Out in Missouri, Jim Reed recently secured an acquittal for a lady who shot her beloved after a card quarrel. a a a IT is not unlikely that the marriage ceremony shall soon be revised and the obligations assumed by the contracting parties- elaborated to include a promise not to trump each other’s aces. tt tt .tt Then there are dog fights which need regulation and we are surprised that our legislators did not meet this crisis by establishing a proper board. But more important still are the cat fights which nightly molest the repose of the masses. s tt During his service on the bench of Massachusetts and the supreme bench at Washington, Justice Holmes has listened to the arguments of lawyers for almost fifty years. And now at 90 he Is in splendid health. We’ll say he has an iron constitution. tt tt tt 'T'HE enthusiastic tumult which greets Charley A Chaplin as he goes from ore European capital to another should tell us how to popularize our foreign market. Instead of making ambassadors out of politicians, we should send Douglass Fairbanks,. Bull Montana, Joe E. Brown, Tom Mix and Robert Montgomery. a a The prince of Wales has been winning at baccarat down in South America, the very game in which his distinguished grandfather lost his reputation years ago in London. tt tt tt Miss Grace Kyselka. a clerk in a department store at Wheeling, W. Va., dislocated her jaw while yawning, which leads one to the conclusion that business is not very brisk in Wheeling, W. Va. Finding his son on the road to health should cause President Hoover to forgety&l his troubl£.

BY FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Have We Gone Too Far in Endowing Our Institutions of Higher Learning? CINCINNATI, Dec. 20.—Here is an incident which occurred in | an editor’s office somewhere in the i United States and some time since March 1. A rich man just had given $2,000,000 to his pet college, but didn’t want the story printed, and had called on the editor to see if tne latter would agree not to print it. He didn’t care for publicity of that sort, the rich man explained; didn’t believe generosity was a thing to be advertised, and so on. The editor was unconvinced. He appreciated his visitor’s feelings, naturally, but couldn’t see that the story deserved suppression on such grounds. “Well,” said the rich man, ‘here is something which may not have occurred to you. With times so hard and so many people hungry,. I may be criticised for giving such a large amount to education, and, frankly, I do not want to be exposed to it,” tt tt tt Is Education Overdone? READER, what would you have done had you been that editor? The question goes to the bottom of one of our biggest problems, especially as it has been revealed by recent events. Have we gone too far in endowing our institutions of higher learning, and, if so, should we hesitate to expose scared philanthropists to criticism? Until now, we have proceeded on the conviction that too much could not bedone for education, particularly in the way in endowments. Until now, we have entertained no doubts whatever as to the wisdom of piling up all the money behind it that could be wrung out of the people. Until now, we have nothing but praise for those^ who made our colleges and universities strong from a financial standpoint. With thousands of their graduates tramping up and down our city streets in a vain hunt for work, is it possible that we may have overdone the job? - tt tt A Gigantic Mill r ’y""'HERE can be no quarrel with ■*- education per se, but education per se and education per system are not necessarily the same thing. What we have in this country is education per system—education as exemplified by huge buildings, glutted treasure chests, crowded classrooms and stereotyped courses. To all intents and purposes, it is a gigantic mill, through which we grind out just so many units of a given type each year. According to the catalog, all B. A.’s M. A.’s and Ph. D.’s are pretty much alike. According to life they are not. Youth has been trained to regard a degree as not only a reward, but a guarantee, which can be obtained after about so much drudgery and which can be converted into about so much cash later on. The idea of education for its own sake, or. as a never-ending task, Plays little part in the picture. ' tt tt tt Money, Idle Men IF education per system really had been the genuine article most people took it for, we would not be in the jam we are right now. Small wonder millionaires are afraid of being criticised for adding to college or university endowments, while millions of people ai*e without opportunity to earn honest livings. Capital has little use for existing, except as it can keep the economic machine going. To do this, capital must not only be put to work, but put to work in the right direction. To a large extent, the idleness among our people is due to the idleness among our dollars. If we have millions of men looking for productive employment, we, also, have billions in cash. The more cash we tuck away in trust funds and endowments, which must be kept safe at any cost, the more capital we remove from the channels of ordinary business which involve a certain amount of risk. tt tt tr

Wealth Is Problem IT generally is admitted that our wealth lacks proper distribution, that a few people have far too much, while- many have far too little. Though not wholly,, or even mainly, responsible for such condition, the way wealth has been sucked up and coagulated by institutions of higher learning has had something to do with it. There is a law of proportion which determines how much wealth or energy we can afford for various activities, and which, if ignored, brings disaster. The time clearly has arrived for us to inquire what percentage of our capital should be devoted to certain lines of endeavor, just as the time has come to inquire what percentage of our young people should be trained for certain trades, or professions.

Questions and Answers

How are eggs preserved commercially? The commercial process for holding or preserving eggs is to dip them in a solution of odorless and tasteless mineral oil, which has been heated somewhat to increase its fluidity. This solution tends to seal the pores of the shell which prevents the entrance of'air and consequent evaporation and deterioration. Is there enough crude oil in storage in the United States: to last a year, provided no* mo t oil is produced? The United States bureau of mines says that on Aug. 31, 1929, there was approximately 450,000,000 barrels of crude oil in storage in the United States, which, at the current rate of consumption, would last approximately six months. In what state can males and females be married at the age of 16, without parental consent? North Carolina. Who devised the Braille system for the blind? Louis Braille, a French blind man and teacher of the blind devised the system al writing in 1892.

‘Cheap’ Heat Aids Rheumatism Relief

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hyseia, the Health Magazine. ALMOST every one knows that the application of heat helps to relieve pain and therefore is helpful in the treatment of rheumatic joints. Light rays are provided in the longer infra-red rays, which have little power to penetrate the skin; the short rays, which penetrate somewhat more deeply; and the red rays which actually may heat the blood as it passes through the capillaries in the skin. The short infra-red rays provoke flushing of the skin and perspiration.

IT SEEMS TO ME

MY own reactions to Charlie Chaplin in “City Lights” are not quite those of most of the reviewers whose criticisms I’ve read. To me it seems a little like Custer’s last stand. I mean that even as gifted a per- 1 former as Chaplin can’t win the fight against the newer medium. Several sound pictures less distinguished in their indivdual interpretation are to, me more interesting than “City Lights.” Chaplin himself has done better pictures, although this is up to his average. But he has been harmed by ing his attention called too often to the tragic nuances which lie behind even the broadest of his slapstick comedy. Undoubtedly they are there. But it is a pity that the performer should know it. By now it is no longer the smile behind the tear. The tear gets too well in front on many occasions.

There, Charlie IT seemed to me that there were several episodes in “City Lights” in which the star presented a character 'who was distinctly sorry for himself. Now, this is a mood common enough among mortals. But it takes the edge off the curious sort of tragedy which Chaplin used to project. After all, when anybody in play or picture begins to weep for himself, there is less crying need for the audience to join in, I have been told by many excellent critics that they watched “City Lights” through a blur. But as one exceedingly easy weeper over things theatrical, I must complain that I left the showing dry-eyed. Perhaps this is r.ot quite a fair point. I was steeled against such emotions by being told too much about how the picture would wring my heart. And, even so, I can’t help feeling that a little less pressure upon the pathos might have resulted in a more poignant exhibition. Some of the loudest laughs which Chaplin ever has created do crop up in the new film. And there is one in particular which must afford its perpetrator great joy. Charlie Chaplin has managed to slip past the censors the most ribald episode which I ever have seen on the screen. I liked it. And so did most of the audienct. Os course, it’s no more than a flash, and yet, even so, the censors could not have missed it if they were less naive people. However, I don’t mean to suggest that it Is as subtle as the pricking of a needle. Anybody with sufficient training in the burlesque houses of an earlier day can hardly miss the point. I can only identify it as the incident which occurs shortly before Chaplin goes into the prize ring to fight his bout. Even the most delicate description of this particular episode would make it impossible for any publication to be mailed so much as half an inch. it a it Current Fashion ONE phase of Chaplin’s clowning distresses me. I am sorry to see him swimming along the present tide of thought which holds that effeminacy is necessarily comic. Mr. Chaplin’s broad and rather extended burlesque in this realm was to me alienating rather than otherwise. Os coufsjp, ha made some

Music to His Ears

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

Sir Leonard Hill of London feels that the special infra-red lamps providing the long infra-red rays are no more helpful than the ordinary incandenscent lamps in the reflector or heat cabinet. Sir Leonard Hill is convinced that the long infra-red rays act by their heating effect and have no other power. Indeed, he found patients with rheumatism who had been treated for many weeks by short exposure to ultraviolet light and to tungsten arcs, which provide long in-fra-red rays, receiving more benefit from two to three prolonged exposures to incandescent lamps than

slight concession to sound. The whistle episode, for instance, could not be played in pure pantomime. And in spite of the great skill—call it genius if you please—of Chaplin, there remain moments in which at least one spectator wanted to know, “But what are they talking about? What is he saying? And what is she saying?” I am not quick at grasping the meaning of gesture and uplifted eyebrow. When, a character is restricted to working with nothing more than his face I freqeuntly grow muddled. tt A Simple Story THE story, of course, is of the simplest sort. That’s as it should be. And there can be no denying the extraordinary conquest won by Charlie Chaplin over two divergent elements in the public. If anybody presented for serious attention a play concerning the love of a tramp for a blind flower girl he

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—What were the representatives of the state of Indiana thinking about when they voted for such bills as the “Kenney” bill to legalize the shooting of live pigeons? They must have been thinking of their own sport. I can think of no other reason. The framer of this bill wanted to use live pigeons to shoot at instead of clay pigeons, which any one knows is very inhuman. If this law had been passed farmers all over the state would have been shooting pigeons on their farms. If the farmers don’t want pigeons in their barns they can make them pigeon proof with screens. But the main objection to this bill

■SSSSfa. & thcH

IBSEN’S BIRTH March 20

ON March 20, 1828, Henrik Ibsen, a Norwegian dramatist who sctrongly influenced German, French, English, Italian, and Scandinavian literatures, was bom at Skien, Norway. After studying medicine for a while, losen decided to devote himself entirely to literature. His first play was a failure, but, after two years of journalism, he became director of Ole Bull’s theater at Bergen, for which he wrote five romantic dramas. Success came to Ibsen at the age of 29, when he wrote the dramas “The Warriors in Helgeland” and “The Pretenders,” while serving as director of the national theater in Christiania. In 1862 the theater became bankrupt and Is ben, enraged because Norway held aloof from the Danes in their struggle against the Germans, forsook his country. He wrote most of his subsequent plays in Rome, Dresden, Munich. Among the most famous of his-plays are “Peer Gynt,” “A Doll’s House,” “Ghosts,” “Hedda Gabler,” and “The Wild Duck.” His social dramas mark anew epoch in the deevlopment of dran*xicvt. _

they had gotten in previous weeks from other sources. The British physiologists are convinced that the heat appears to be the active element, accomplishing its results in the treatment of rheumatism by provoking perspiration, a pouring out of fluids, a lessening of pain, and an increase in nutrition. It is therefore, unnecessary to have highly expensive sources of light for the treatment of cases of rheumatism. Heat, such as can be developed by the. incandescent light in the cabinet or by the reflector, or by any other source of heat of equal power, should be suitable to the purpose.

pv HEYWOOD BROUN

would meet snickers of scorn from hard-boiled first-nighters. Yet now the intellectuals are acclaiming the subtlety of “City Lights.” Intellectuals can not afford to say that they enjoy blatant sentimentality, and so they go behind the mere incidents of the tale and read a certain symbolism- in the whole proceeding. A performer who can get them coming and going in that way indubitably is a master showman. And if I may leap from Chaplin to Mayor James Joseph Walker of New York, I think the mayor has suffered somewhat from the writeups of his friends. Jimmy has come to believe that a smile upon his face is sufficient answer to any charge which may be brought against him. Some crony ought to tell him that he is a little less than Mona Lisa and that the world will not forever stand In admiration of a mocking grin. (Copyright. 1931. by The Times)

would be the shooting of homing pigeons. _ There are many racing pigeon clubs in the state, consisting of many men whose only recreation is racing pigeons. The city of Indianapolis has two such clifbs, the Monumental Racing Pigeon Club and the Indianapolis Racing Pigeon Club. The Indianapolis Club has several times offered a reward of SIOO for information leading to the arrest and conviction of any persons shooting a banded racing pigeon. The members of these clubs have invested much money in racing pigeons, some even importing them from foreign countries. Yet many racing pigeons are shot every year in Indiana, in spite of a federal law which makes it an offense to shoot, imprison or maim a banded pigeon. Often a pigeon arrives home minus a leg or otherwise seriously wounded. Any report of pigeon shooting reported to the address below will be given promptly to the above-named clubs. Let us representatives consider the pigeon fancier, too, when pondering

Have You Heard Em Say She has charm!” Personal attractiveness does not necessarily depend upon beauty of feature or form. Plain people can be as charming and attractive, and often more so than the raving beauties. Life is largely what one makes it, and success depends very considerably upon ambition and one’s own efforts. Our Washington bureau has prepared one of its interesting and informative bulletins on Personality and Charm. It can not help but help you to help yourself. Fill out the coupon below and send for It. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 120, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times. 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.: I want a copy of the bulletin Personality and Charm and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costa. Name St. and No City 5tate......... I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.) .

Ideals and opinions expressed in this coiun.n are those of one of America’s most Interesting writers and are nreseijted without resard to their agreement or disaereement with the editorial attitude of this paper.— The Editor.

.MARCH 20,-1931

SCIENCE -BY DAVID DIETZ—-

Nineteenth Century Brought Great Advances in Scientific Knowledge. TV/f AN’S knowledge of the universe -*■*■*- has grown so rapidly in the last hundred years and so many important advances have been made in science that oily a very hardy soul would dare to attempt to make a short list of the most important dates during that period. Nevertheless, the importance of certain dates is beyond controversy I am going to list these, leaving each individual student the privilege of adding such dates to the list as he feels I have omitted. The opening decade of the nineteenth century saw the revival of the old atomic theory of the Greeks and its establishment upon the firm basis of observation and experiment. This theory has grown into the foundation stone of modern scientific thinking The astronomer, the physicist, and the chemist turn to the prenomena. within the interior of the atom to explain their observations. Biologists, uniting with physicists and chemists to develop the sciences of biochemistry and biophysics, are beginning to take the same point of view. And even philosophers find it necessary to take into account such recent developments of atomic theory as the Heisenberg principle of uncertainty in their reflections upon the scheme of the universe. b tt a Theory Revived AND now, here goes for our list of important dates in the scientific progress of the nineteenth century. 1808: James Dalton revives the atomic theory with the publication of his ‘‘New System of Chemical Philosophy.” 1814: James Fraunhofer discovers the dark lines in the spectrum of the sun, thus laying the founda 1 - tions for spectrum study, the basis of atomic investigation and of astrophysics. 1831: Michael Faraday discovers the phenomenon of electro-mag--netic Induction. He found that if two coils of wire were wound on ah iron core, the passage of a current through the first "induced” a current in the second. Dynamos, transformers, motors,- and the great majority of electrical machines ary based upon this discovery. 1838: Matthias Jacob Schleiden. German biologist, showed that all plants were composed of micro*scopic cells. ’ 1839: Theodore Schwann, another German biologist, showed that afi animal tissues were composed of cells. The cell theory, as it sometimes is called, is .one of the foundation stones of modern biology. 1846: Dr. Johann Galle of Berlin turned his telescope where Leverrier, the French astronomer told him to, and discovered the planet Neptune. The position of the planet also had been calculated independently by the English astronomer. John Couch Adams.' The discovery of Neptune was a remarkable confirmation of the validity of astronomical theory. a o tt Pasteur and Darwin The “turn” of the cento y brought two great advanf<Sfc in bjology with the development of the modern germ theory in the hahds of that great triumvirate of modern bacteriology, Pasteur, Koch and Lister, and with the development of theories of evolution by Darwin and Wallace. Let us go on with our dates; 1857: Louis Pasteur began his study of bacteria with the publication of two papers on “Lactic Acid Fermentation” and “Alcoholic Fermentation.” 1859: Charles Darwin published his “Origin of Species.” It is interesting to note that both Darwin and Wallace were led to their con 7 elusions from a reading of Malth* us’ famous essay on population. - 1873: James Clerk Maxwell, the British mathematician, published his electromagnetic theory of light:. It was this paper which led the German professor, Hcwich Hertz, to attempt the generation of elec? tro-mdgnetic waves by electrical means. Hertz succeeded and the waves were named Hertzian waves in his honor. We still use them today, but we call them radio waves now! The closing years of the century brought the series of magnificent discoveries which ushered in twem tieth century physics, 1895: Professor Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen discovered X-raye. 1896: Pierre and Marie Curie discovered radium.

Daily Thought

The foolishness of man per--verteth his ways: and his heart fretted against the Lord.—Pro-; verbs 19.3. If you wish to avoid seeing a fool, you first must break your looking glass.—Rebelais. such a law as this—turning cruelty into sport. ? RAYMOND HARMAN 31615 East Washington street. :