Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 266, Indianapolis, Marion County, 18 March 1931 — Page 4

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The One Way Whatever solution the community finds for the care of the needy, the final cure must be found not in charity but in work. There is but one cure for unemployment. That is a job. The strain upon public resources and private charities at this time has but one cause. It is lack of work for its men and women. Every official, every leader of social organizations, testify to the fact that those who are compelled to ask aid will riot for a job where they timidly ask for food. Let it be said that there is no disgrace nor should there be humiliation for the man who, after desperate attempts to find work, is compelled to ask society for relief for his distressed dependents. The community will lose much more than money if any considerable number of men now in this position should be placed in such a state of mind. No one should be fooled by any false hope that help in this situation will come from the outside. Other cities are struggling with the same desperate problem. They will try to save themselves. They will try to put their own men to work, just as this city is putting its own into jobs for which money can be found. These men and women are as much an asset to this city as its buildings, its utilities or its business enterprises. They have helped to make this city what it is. They have helped to lift it from the second to the first class. At work, they contribute to the general prosperity. One of the two things are inevitable, if work is impossible here and is elswhere, they will move away. Then every one loses. If work is impossible elsewhere, they will stay here and must be supported. That will be a continuous loss. * The one profitable way for the workless and for the city is to keep these men and women in Indianapolis and keep them at work. The “made work” committee has performed a fine service and given Indianapolis fame in the nation as a city of vision and practicality. It is one of three communities which has done something different and not in desperation. But the call today is for more imagination, more leadership, more public planning. There are needs to be supplied. Somewhere is an industry that with some financial backing can be made successful and put men to work. Just one new industry might start things moving and prosperity grows as rapidly as depression. Our present industries do not hold the key to the solution. They are doing their very best. But there are vacant plants and idle machinery and idle men. All that is needed is an idea and a group of practical men who will put that idea over. It may be some new toy for the entertainment of those who have money, a toy which would become a fad and a craze. It may be anew engine, anew means of transportation that would involve the employment of thousands. It may be anew method of preserving foods easily raised in this vicinity. It might be any of a dozen or a million things. Old thinking will not solve the problem. It must be new and practical and capable of attracting national attention. There are many idle dollars today, proportionately, as there are idle men. The men want to work. The dollars want to work, must work or be destroyed just as men must work or be destroyed. Here is the way out. Idle dollars, idle men, brought together by anew idea, a firm purpose and some deep thinking, will take men from the bread line and make Indianapolis grow*. Indianapolis will lose unless it keeps its population here—and keeps that population working. Where is the idea?

“But She's a Woman*’ Since 1862, when the first woman was put on the pay roll of the federal government, women workers—and the policies of the government as an employerhave made long strides forward. There are 89,000 women now on the federal pay roll and they are guaranteed by law equal pay with men for equal work and the opportunity to participate in all civil service examinations. Although this is true, Miss Mary Anderson, director of the women’s bureau of the department of labor, says that "women in Uncle Sam’s employ still are in many instances discriminated against in appointments, despite definite proof of their ability to perform many types of work as well as men do.’* Changed economic conditions have made it imperative that women work. And there is no reason why they should not and no reason why those who can do so, should not work on equal terms with men. When the great federal employer rids itself of actual as well as legal discriminations against women, its example will do a great deal to improve their lot elsewhere. Hiram Comes Back Hiram Johnson, one time running mate of Theodore Roosevelt, and before that Progressive Governor of California, did not attend the Progressive conference in Washington last week. While his Progressive senatorial colleagues were meeting with economists and other leaders of thought in a downtown hotel to consider ways of helping the

The Indianapolis Times (A gCBIFPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by Tbe Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 centa a week. BOID GURLEt, 801 W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager PHONE— Riley M WEDNESDAY. MARCH 18. 1931. Member of United Press. Scrfpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Aodit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

condition of the average American, he remained in his office on the hill. But apparently he was thinking, for on Monday he issued a statement. It was a sizzling statement, in the best Johnson manner—for Johnson always is at his best when attacking something or somebody. This time he attacked those who had belittled the same conference which he had declined to attend. Said the senator: “The Republicans in command of the party machinery may jibe and jeer, but let them take stock of the Republican party. Less than six months have passed since New York was lost to Republicans by three-quarters of a million votes, and Illinois by a like number; since Massachusetts and Ohio, the cradle of Republican Presidents, repudiated Repubhcanism; since Kansas, the rock-ribbed Gibraltar of the Republican party, defeated even the acknowledged spokesman of the President. “If politics only is to be considered, let my Republican brethren reflect that something is radically wrong somewhere.” Obviously it is not very comforting to Hoover to have the party leader of the old home state of California talking like that. But, if any one asks us, there is a lot in what Hiram says. Don’t Knit; Buy! With the kindest and most commendable purpose, a number of prominent women, including the President's wife and the sister of the Vice-President, have started knitting sweaters and making other garments for the unemployed. But the kindness of the plan does not prevent it from being a decidedly poor one. Women as intelligent as these, as closely in touch with the fundamentals of our national life, should realize that by making clothing with their own hands they are competing with an industry upon which millions of men and women are depending for their jobs. Asa matter of fact, five sweaters fashioned by Mrs. Hoover and a like number by Mrs. Gann will not cause serious financial loss to clothing manufacturers Dr the workers in clothing factories. But if women all over the country follow the example of these illustrious ones, the industry will be hurt. Men and women will be deprived of jobs so that they may be made the recipients of gracious gifts. If the generous spirit that has prompted sweatermaking in fashionable Washington circles were to find expression in the purchase of ready-made garments, the practical purposes would be served. Needy persons would be clothed and fewer persons would be needy.

Henry Ford’s Sneer ‘ The average man won’t really do a day's work unless he is caught and can not get out of it. There is plenty of work to do if people would do it.” Tliis, according to the press, is the latest wisecrack of Henry Ford. Mr. Ford is a gentleman enjoying the profits from several millions which average working men helped him make. He is in Florida, while tens of thousands of hungry workers in Detroit are refused work at his and other factories. As part of an inefficient economic system, Mr. Ford can not be blamed for failure to provide work for all. But there is one thing worse than denying men the inalienable right to work. That is to sneer at the starving as loafers. That is unjust to the unemployed. It is unjust to the country. Mr. Ford owes an apology. And a Cigar The Red Cross, down in Arkansas, will give you and your children flour and lard and canned tomatoes—maybe at the cost of $2.50 a week, If you're hungry. But for real relief, we commend one Tony Carlos of El Paso, who operates a restaurant, and once a week puts out a breakfast for a dime. And it’s a good breakfast, a couple of eggs, a slice cf ham, and fried potatoes. Tony fed 2,500 the other day. What we like most about Tony’s relief plan, however, is that he had added a 5-cent cigar to his menu—and all for the dime. High-toned waiters who look askance at the dime you leave them should realize that that’s all John D ever gives. Green face powder, a news item says, is the rage in Paris. Perfectly killing, this Paris green!

REASON by

TT7HEN you think of Old Man Winter's Chesterv fieldian attitude toward the poor during the past months, it seems as if society should register its gratitude in some way. The least we can do is to give the Old Boy a goldheaded cane and a traveling bag before he leaves. a a a Franklin Roosevelt’s declaration of war against Tammany is equivalent to ? declaration that he is a candidate for the Democratic nomination for President. The best way to win the south and west is to kick the slats out of the Tammany tiger. a a a Samuel J. Tilden did it and it nominated him for President in 1876, and Grover Cleveland did it and it renominated him in 1892. So we should say that in going after Tammany, Mr. Roosevelt knows his onions. a a a NOW that the Star Spangled Banner is the national anthem, it’s up to the government to conduct a great campaign of education and inform the people that ‘‘America’’ is not our official melody. Its for ’’America’’ that everybody now gets up. tt an This arrangement to put George Washington’s picture on the quarters to be coined during 1932, the two hundredth anniversary of his birth reminds us that during the darkest hour of the Revolution, when everything seemed lost, the great American put $40,000 of his own money into the cause and kept it alive. a a a And you know he served without pay all through that war, all the way from Cambridge to Yorktown. He made that stipulation when he accepted the perilous post of commander-ln-chief. a a a AND when first inaugurated President, he told the congress that he could not receive compensation, nothing but his actual expenses. In this age of salary grabbers, we need a little of the spirit of the Father of his Country. a a a A gentleman in Peru, Ind., gave his daughter a tombstone on her birthday, the most delicate touch we’ve heard of in a long time. If Raskob hears of it, he’ll send Senator Joe Robinson a tombstone on his next birthday, together with full instruction how to use it. tt tt tt When that Italian astronomer named the new planet "Ba,” he must have been thinking of his Billy goat.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

We Are Up Against a Type of Crime Today That Actually Pays, for the First Time in Our Experience. THE prison band at Joliet. 111., entertains itself between tunes by taking up the question of whether to start a general riot like that which occurred last Saturday, gets into a fight, and sends six of its members to the hospital during fifteen minutes of more or less heated argument. Prison authorities are not aware that a disturbance is in progress until one of them sees a convict limping out of the band room, and it's all over when they arrive. Considering what happened only three days before, and what prison authorities have declared might happen again at any moment, such a situation seems incredible. Why wasn't a guard present at that band meeting to umpire the debate, if nothing else? One of the most surprising features of our prison system is the number of tilings that can happen with no one in authority present. When it comes to quelling riots, or punishing those who have committed some offense, you can find plenty of men with guns, but when it comes to preventing the thing, their capacity for being somewhere else is astounding.

Chaplain to Hit Back IN this connection, some very interesting evidence is being developed with regard to the riot at Joliet last Saturday. A convict says that the chaplain, George L. Wliitmeyer, who resigned the next day, not only had conspired with certain prisoners to help them escape, but had fixed the price of his services. Whitmeyer says that this is not true and that he is prepared to make some startling revelations when he appears before the legislative investigating committee next Friday. He says that he did not resign because of the riot, or any incident relating to it, but in protest over what he describes as an unnecessarily brutal episode which happened some weeks previous. To let Whitmeyer tell It, he warned Warden Henry C. Hill that three prisoners would make a break for freedom Feb. 23, only to have the guards deliberately trap and shoot them after they had been allowed to climb down the outer wall. To let Warden Hill tell it, Whitmeyer not only carried messages back and forth for convicts, but warned them not to answer questions of investigators sent to the prison by the “Secret Six” of the Chicago Association of Commerce.

The Curse of Politics HOW could any prison be run efficiently with such office politics as these conflicting statements clearly reveal? on can t seem to put your finger anywhere these days without running into politics—politics by which some man expects to hold his job, or some other man expects to get it away from him; politics intended to place those above, or those below; politics which includes about everything except the simple performance of duty. Whether you go to the front office of a prison, or the cell block back of it, you find that too many men are in both places because of this self-same politics. Moreover, you find that, no matter how disreputable an element may be, it generally has contacts with the so-called respectable side of society. tt n tt Crime Extends Sway CRIME is not what it used to be in these United States. We still have the old-fashioned variety, to be sure, but in addition, we have a new and much more dangerous kind. We are up against a type of crime which actually pays, for the first time in our experience, and pays enough not only to take care of those engaged in it, but a lot of people on the outside. We call it racketeering, and try to minimize its seriousness because of the widespread belief that it is largely a by-product of prohibiton. We fail to appreciate the political powef it represents on the one hand, or how much it is doing to encourage and protect crime of all descriptions on the other. The racket no longer ia a mere combine of bootleggers, content with the rum or beer trade. It has extended its business to hundreds of lines, and. all the while, it lias developed an alliance with corrupt politics which gives it a standing not only at city hall, but in the courtroom. The situation now existing in our two largest cities proves how definitely this monster has woven itself into public affairs, how it has gone to the very source of government, and what the task of dislodging it involves.

Questions aiid Answers

How Is the drone of an airplane engine produced over the microphone? The National Broadcasting Company says that the sound in NBC programs is produced by a stream of air, forced through a rubber hose against the diaphragm of the microphone. The sound is caused by the vibrations which the silent stream of air sets up in the microphone. How can a copy of Wickersham report be obtained? It can be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office. Washington, D. C., for 15 cents, money order or coin. How much electricity was produced in the United States in 1929 and how many householders are consumers? In 1929 production of electricity for public use was estimated at 97 billion kilowatt hours with a total of 24,050.000 consumers, of whom nearly twenty million were household users. What was the Brehon law? It was the ancient system of Irish law, named for the judges, called Brehons. or Breitheamhuin. Its existence has been traced from the earliest period of Irish history down to the time of the Anglo-Norman invasion.

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Hobbies Are Good for Aged People

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor. Journal of the American Medical Association and of HTfreia. the Health Magazine. IT is a common remark that old people are difficult. Their habits have become fixed, their tissues have begun to break down, and they may constitute a considerable problem in their homes. On the other hand, many old people adapt themselves so beautifully to their surroundings and constitute such an important feature of family life that the thought never arises in the minds of any one that they are in any sense of the word a problem. In a recent consideration of the mental health of the aged, Dr. H. Douglas Singer points out that some people do not even seem to realize they are old. but occasionally they may boast of their age. These arc the people who are ui.- ’rgoing normal old age. On the other hand, those who are discontented, paralyzed, help-

Times Readers Voice Their Views

Editor Times: In your recent editorial headed “Gold Bricks for Veterans” you take sides with Andrew Mellon in his statements that the veterans are trying to disrupt the treasury by asking for cash on their Insurance at this time. We as veterans probably realize more than you or any other persons that our future is tied up in this country, but we also know that we are entitled to a certain amount of consideration for the service we have rendered and also that the present depression was not caused by any bond issue of the government, but still it is with us and it is safe to assume that all of this cry by Mellon is only the excuse of the treasury department to sidestep an issue that is of vast importance. The average citizen does not realize just what the ex-soldier has been up against, and if you will allow me a small space on your editorial page, I will try to bring the true facts out. These are not guesswork of a fanatic, but the true experiences of the writer. At the beginning of the war, a private soldier’s pay was sls a month, but a philanthropic congress saw fit to raise this to S3O, for which they demanded all of a man's time away from his family, drilling in the hot sun for eight hours a day, digging trenches, hiking until he was ready to drop, and then a trip abroad on a cattle boat to fight for his country. After congress gave him this wonderful raise in pay, it proceeded to take it away from him in the form of a compulsory allotment, to which it added an equal amount. They then tried to tell him that “he” was receiving $45 a month, and as this was far too much for any one man, they made him pay back a certain amount for war risk insurance, which amounted to $7 a month for the average man. Then some wise and patriotic gentleman decided that the soldier not only should fight the war, but should help finace it as well, so they sold him a liberty bond (value SSO), and he had to pay only $5 a month at the end cf the wai*on this bond, which had a cash value of around $47. So. on pay day, the soldier marched up to the paymaster and was handed the remainder of his pay, which amounted to the monstrous sum of $3, tt is amount being what they considered sufficient for any man to spend for tobacco, laundry, stamps, payment for lost equipment, and any other use that h£ might have for such an enormous amount of cash. Os course, if he happened to commit some infraction of the rules, there always was the company commander who had the power to fine him, which took the rest of his pay, and all he would receive the next pay day was the honor of placing his name on his country's pay roll. The newspapers at this time were for him just as strong as they now are against him, and were making things look very good for him after he returned home. Factories were going night and day, wives and stay-at-home husbands were working side by side, making salaries which never before had been heard of. It was the golden opportunity for the American workman to put aside some money for the depression which was sure to follow. Did these people save their money while they were making it in such large amounts? ’‘NO!” They threw away.and were too blind to

Try and Get It!

less, or unhappy are not normal. Their condition represents not the effects of age, but usually of damage to the body that has occurred at some previous time. A disease that has crippled the joints, weakened the heart, interferred with the function of the kidneys, or paralyzed the muscles means much more unhappiness later in life than it does at the moment when it first occurs. The person who takes steps toward proper hygiene and right living in youth is putting by health insurance for old age that Is far beyond any momentary consideration. The old person of today in no way resembles the type of vegetative existence that used to mark the lives of the aged in previous years. Today the movies, the radio, the popularity of bridge and other card games, the occupations that ha 6 been developed for shut-ins and the handicapped mean that many per-

see that those conditions could not last, and right now, the largest amount of the ones crying for charity are the ones who were insane with prosperity during the war. Did the soldier have a chance to put any money in the bank at that time? Emphatically no. Then why do you and these other people try to keep him from getting what is rightfully his, at the time when he needs it most? The government saw ft; to loan millions to foreign nations which they promptly used to pay their ex-service men bonuses and just as promtly forgot to pay it back to the United States. But when our soldiers ask for justice, they are branded as despoilers. You raise the cry that he should not give up his insurance, but you don’t tell him that he can buy the same amount of protection for twenty-five years (paying for it a little at a time) for about S6OO. You may try to convince these men that they are wrong in taking this money at this time, but I can tell you that it is going to be mighty hard to prove to a man whose children are crying for food, that he could use a thousand dollars, to a better advantage fourteen years from now than he can at the present time. G. A. C. Editor Times—ln the Indianapolis Star, Sunday, March 15, I read Henry Ford's statement, parts of which say: “The average man, however, won’t really do a day’s work unless he is caught and can not get out of it. There’s plenty of work to do if the people would do it.” If Henry Ford made such statements, I consider it as a direct insult to millions of honest and intelligent workers who now are look-

CALHOUN’S BIRTH March IS

ON March 18, 1782, John C. Calhoun, distinguished American statesman, was born in Abbeville district, South Carolina. Entering Yale college in 1802, Calhoun was graduated two years later with high honors. He resumed the study of law, which he began at the age of 18. and was admitted to-the bar in 1807. The next year he was sent to the state legislature in South Carolina, where he attracted so much attention as to secure an election to congress in 1811. Calhoun later served as secretary of war under Monroe and VicePresident under John Quincy Adams and then under Jackson. In 1829 Calhoun ■ declared that a state can nullify unconstitutional laws and in his “Address to the People of South Carolina” three years later, set forth his theory of state sovereignty. On the passing of the nullification ordinance by his state, he resigned the vice-presidency and entered the senate, where he became a champion of the slaveholding states. Calhoun. Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster are often called “the great triumvirate” of American political orators of their time.

sons well along in years may live normal and interesting lives. Os particular importance is the development of some interest in a form of occupation or hobby that will maintain in the aged the desire to live. Golf constitutes for many old people the maximum of enjoynient. They should, however, limit their golf to courses that are reasonably flat and not be too anxious to play thirty-six holes or even eighteen, when nine represents the limit of their physical capability. Indeed, after 90, one retired philanthropist has found that seven holes represent his interest for the day. Happiness in old age depends largely on adaptability to one’s surroundings, and maintenance of interest in some mental or physical activity. Old age is a time to be enjoyed, particularly when there is not the fear of economic distress.

ing for work, and if those millions allow Ford to heap such insult on them without making a protest, they must be as dead as Henry Ford ought to be. If Mr. Ford expects the worker’s respect in the future, he should tell those thousands who have called or are calling at his gates and bein| turned away, where to go :• find this “plenty of work”—as at present from fifteen to seventeen millions are looking for it. S. A. NELSON. Editor Times—Congress has adjourned until next December. The members had all last summer and fall to consider some way to help those in need of work to keep hunger and destitution away, and the last three months to enact a law or some way to help the destitute, but what have they done? But very little, indeed. Representatives and senators were not going in need of food, clothing and warmth. Oh, no! Each one of them gets SIO,OOO a year salary. That averages $32 a day for each -working day in the year. Lots of people would have been glad to get that much a week this winter if they'd had the chance. No wonder they seem indifferent to the needs of the poor. OBSERVER. Editor Times—Recently I read the most unreasonable thing on the front page of The Times. Just imagine one of our senators having the nerve to say, “Lodges are neither charitable nor benevolent,” when only a few miles from Indianapolis is a beautiful home, and it is charitable, supported by the Masonic lodges of Indiana. Who could drive through Franklin and not see it? The Odd Fellow's lodges also care for their orphans and their old. The Moose lodge supports one of the largest charitable institutions in the United States at Mooseheart, 111. The people know this to be a fact. If that senator wants an old folks pension, let. him get it in the right way, and that without knocking our charitable and benevolent lodges. Why should these lodges be taxed to support old people who have lived up their earnings in life? If they had joined one of these lodges, they would be supported in their old days when they are unable to work. Why should our lodges have to support every old man who comes

Fun and Frolic Don t let that party you are having drag. Keep the fun going. Our Washington Bureau can help you. It has a bulletin on INDOOR GAMES that is just full of helpful suggestions for having fun at a party. Fill out the coupon below and send for it, and forget your troubles about how you are going to “entertain” your guests. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 112, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin INDOOR GAMES and enclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME * STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

.MARCH 18, 1931

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ

Three Books Played Great Part in Changing Man's Ideas of the Earth, the Heavens, and Life. Book-making has played an important part in man's uni-verse-making down through the ages. Fundamentally, it was scientific discovery which advanced man’s knowledge of the univei.'e, but discoveries did not have th. ir full effect until they had been broadcast through the medium of publication. Consequently we can trace the record of man's universe-making through a succession of notable books. The modern phase of the story begins with the revival of learning which followed the end of the Middle Ages. It was a time of exploration in every field. Columbus and the other voyages of the Atlantic were paralleled by those who sailed intellectual seas in search of new knowledge of the universe. The year 1543 ushered in the era of modern science with the publication of two books. Latin, of course was the language of the day. and so both books had long Latin titles. One book was the work of a Polish monk named Nikolaus Copernicus. The title of his book was "De Revolutionibus Orbium CaelesUum,'’ that is, "Concerning the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies.” The other book was the work of a Belgian surgeon named Andreas Vesalius. The title of his book was “De Humani Corporis Fabrira.” that is. “The Anatomy of the Human Body.”

Old Authority I>OrH books broke down ancient authority which had ruled for centuries. Until the publication of Copernicus’ book, the world had accepted the Ptolemaic theory, which regarded the earth as the center of the universe. According to the Ptolemaic theory, the earth was surrounded by a scries of concentric spheres. TTie first held the moon, the second the sun, the third Mercury, the fourth Venus, the fifth Mars, the sixth Jupiter, and the seventh Saturn. The Copernican system demoted the earth from its place as the center of the universe to that of one of a number of planets which revolved around the sun. While Copernicus was upsetting the authority of Ptolemy. Vesalius was doing the same thing for Galen. Until the time of Vesalius. the medical schools of the world taught human anatomy from Galen's text, Galen had lived many centuries before, from about 130 to 200 A. D. A Greek by birth, he had become the physician of the emperor, Marcus Aurelius of Rome. Like the other teachers of hia day, Vesalius taught from Galen's old text. But Vesadius insisted upon making his own dissectionsand time and time again he found that the evidence before his eyes denied what Galen had said. In the end he threw Galen's text, aside and proceeded to write hi* own “Fabrica.” tt u tt Geology Begins MODERN astronomy began with] Copernicus; modem biology had its beginning with Vesalius. But, the world had to wait two and ai half centuries for the beginning of geology, another one of the sciences' which contributes to our present uderstanding of the universe. Again, it was the publication of a book which ushered in the new era. In 1(95, Janies Hutton, a Scotch* man, published his “Theory of the Earth, With Proofs and lUustrav tions.” Hutton's work more firmly was established a few years later, when Professor John Playfair, in 1602. published another book titled “Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory.” Still more evidence was added by a British engineer, William Smith, who wrote “Strata Identified by Organized Fossils.” Hutton established the foundation of modem geology, namely, that the past history of the earth must be explained in terms of the forces which now can be seen at work in the earth. All sciences today find their unity in the atomic theory and modern scientists turn to atomic phenomena as the final explanation of what happens in the distant stars as well as on earth. It was in the year 1808 that the modem atomic theory had its beginnings with the publication of John Dalton’s “New System of Chemical Philosophy.” Dalton was a Quaker school master of Manchester. England. If you like to remember dates, three worth adding to your list are 1543, 1795, and 1808. They mark important steps in man’s understanding of the universe.

Daily Thought

Thou hast put gladness in my heart.—Psalm 4:7. Nations and men arc only the best when they are the gladdest, and deserve heaven when they enjoy it.—Richter. floating to Indiana to spend his old days on our lodges, when the lodges have their own members to take care of in their old age? Would such a law be fair? He should know it would not. N. M.