Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 265, Indianapolis, Marion County, 17 March 1931 — Page 9

MARCH, 17,1931

NAVAL ACCORD MAf BRING NEW EUROPEJRISIS Franco-ltalian Truce Is Boon to Peace, but Hard to Fit in Picture. BY WILLIAM PHILIP SIMMS Seripps-Howard Forelrn Editor WASHINGTON, March 17.—1n itself a boon to European peace, the Franco-ltalian naval truce may turn out to be a case of out of the frying pan into the fire. The crucial arms conference of 1932 will decide. While it universally was admitted that the peace of the old world never could be ot&er than an extremely wobbly affair as long as France and Itally quarreled over parity at sea, still it remains a major problem of diplomacy to make the accord permanent without upsetting the European applecart. The difficulty is that Europe is divided into two hostile camps. One group, headed by Germany, is determined to revise the treaty of Versailles, redraw the frontiers of the continent and revise, if not abolish, reparations* payments. Group to Resist Revision The other, headed by France, is ust as determined to prevent anything of the sort. This group stands prepared to take whatever steps are necessary to prevent re-vision-armed force, if armed force is required. Italy, it so happens, has been playing ball with Germany and the revisionist school, up to the present. Italy, who, in 1915, as a member of the triple alliance—with Germany and Austria—saw fit to switch over to allied side, now seems about to make history repeat itself. Behind the scenes on the diplomatic stage much whispering is going on. The gist of it is that Italy may now obtain, if not all she wants, at least a satisfactory measure of, treaty revision by private dickering with France. She would like certain North African boundaries revised and some other things to which France must agree, and if she wins out in this, Germany and the revisionists likely are to lose her support. New Tension in Germany The Franco-ltalian accord means much to Europe and the world. It will tend to ease the political tension and war-fear which of late has done so much to freeze credit, paralyze business and promote unemployment and hard times. But unless it can be made to fit into the general European peace picture little will have been permanently gained. Already increasing alarm is reported in Germany, where it is felt that, once more, the country is menaced by a ring of steel. On the west is France and Belgium. On the east and south are a hostile Poland, Czechoslovakia, Rumania and Yugoslavia, all allies of France. It is easy to see that if Italy now joins this group, even if only on a basis of mutual interest, anew and dangerous factor will be introduced into the chronically precarious situation. Wisconsin Ruling Upheld By United Press WASHINGTON, March 17.—The supreme court today upheld the Wisconsin railroad commission ruling which prohibited the Nekoosa Edwards Paper Company from building a dam across Four-Mile creek.

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Gandhi Loses Faith in Britain; Rallies India to Gain Justice

la bl two preoedin* itortea la this serieo of four. Milton Bronner bos told of tho boyhood life f Gandhi In India, bow ha studied law ta London where a Bible chanced into his possession and the teachings of Jesns moulded his course la life. bow. bo went to South Africa for a lawsuit and became a bloodless crusader for freedom. Today begins tbe story ot bis revolt against .British rule la bis native land. BY MILTON BRONNER European Manager, NEA Service (Copyright, 193 i. NEA Service, lac.) Mahatma gandhi, who had stuck by the British lion in the Boer, Zulu and World wars, because he believed in the inherent Justice of the British people, even though he distrusted British government and governors finally lost all faith in the crucial years 1919 and 1920. He had once believed so much. He now believed no longer. In 1909 he had written that there was no impassable barrier between east and west. He now saw such a barrier. A series of events shocked him to the marrow. There was the terrible Amritsar tragedy. Native mobs had killed several Europeans. British troops took a terrible revenge. Hundreds of natives were killed and wounded, many were flogged, others imprisoned, still others compelled to crawl on hands and knees and apologize. In 1920 the British house of lords refused to pass a resolution condemning those responsible. About the same time the Treaty of Sevres was signed. This shattered every hope the Moslems of India had that Britain would see that generous treatment was accorded Turkey after the World war. a a u AT a meeting of the all-India national congress in September, 1920, Gandhi assented to a movement to refuse to cooperate any longer with the British government in India until these and other wrongs were righted and until swaraj—home rule—was gained. This policy was called “nonviolent nonco-operation.” Gandhi was responsible for this insistence upon nonviolence. He had learned the value of passive resistance as a weapon in his South African struggles. The sacred writing of his own Hindu sages and those of the New Testament had reinforced this belief. He held that Jesus Christ, Daniel and Socrates presented the purest forms of passive resistance or soul-force. They all counted their bodies as nothing in comparison with their souls. He quickly returned his British war medals and issued his non-co-operation proclamation to the people, calling upon them: To abandon all honorific titles and functions; not to participate in any governmental loans; to boycott the law courts and lawyers and arrange their disputes by private arbitration; to boycott the government schools; to refuse all civil and military posts; to use goods

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made in the home country and especially to weave cotton cloth foi themselves and thus strike a blow at English textiles. m tt tt IN a remarkable letter he set forth what he thought the British Empire meant for India: 1. Exploitation of India for Britain’s benefit. 2. An ever-increasing expenditure for military and civil service. 3. Extravagant working of governmental departments, regardless of India’s basic poverty. 4. Disarmament of the Indian people, lest, if armed, they might endanger the foreign occupants. 5. Traffic in intoxicating liquors and drugs for the sake of the taxes gathered thereby. 6. Repressive legislation to suppress a nation’s agitation for selfgovernment. 7. Degrading treatment of Indians residing in other parts of the British empire. The nonco-operation movement started with a great swing, but gradually the people got out of har.d. tt tt tt IN Bombay, just when Gandhi had arranged a boycott, on the visit of the prince of Wales in 1921, millhands rioted, burned liquor shops and killed innocent pedestrians. Four months later at Chauri Chaura a mob, chanting the name of Gandhi, hacked to death a number of policemen and burned theii bodies Gandhi was sick at heart. This was violence. All he wanted was passive resistance. He held himself responsible. He seemed relieved when the British arrested him. He could expiate in his own frail body the etns others had committed. His trial in March, 1922, at Ahmedabad was a court proceeding unique in modern annals. Gandhi cheerfully went to prison. He whiled away his time reading or spinning cotton, as the natives had done thousands of years ago, tt tt a WHEN he came out of prison in 1924, he no longer truthfully could say that he was a lawyer. For the British bar, to which he had been admitted in 1891, disbarred him in 1922 after his conviction at Ahmedabad. This did not worry him. He never intended to practice law any more

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. THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

anyhow. He was more interested in the problems of India’s self-govern-ment. Almost as soon as he was released, he declared: “I am interested in the attainment of swaraj (home rule) only by nonviolent and truthful means. This is possible only through a diligent and successful prosecution of the Khaddar program.” The Khaddar program entailed the hand weaving and the wearing of native home spun cotton cloth. By this, Gandhi planned to strike a shrewd and heavy blow at English textiles and restore an ancient Indian industry. He pointed out unceasingly to his people that this home weaving meant money saved with which to pay the taxes and other imposts. It meant just that much less money going out of the country. Next: Peace without victory through prayer ... a bloodless revolution ends when Britain’s viceroy and Gandhi make terms. AL SMITH TO SPEAK AT JEWISH PARLEY Aid for European Hebrews to Be Considered by Group. By Times Special NEW YORK, March 17.—Former Govenor Alfred E. Smith will be the principal speaker at the national conference of leading Jews who will assemble from all parts of the country in this city on Saturday night, March 21, and Sunday, March 22, at the Hotel Pennsylvania, to consider the problem of constructive aid to struggling Jewry in eastern and central Europe. Hie conference, which will be attended by 500 Jews who are identified prominently with Jewish philanthropies and Jewish social service in various communities in the United States, is being called by the American Jewish joint distribution committee, the largest world-wide Jewish welfare organization engaged in reconstructive activities in behalf of Jewry overseas, of which Felix M. Warburg is chairman, and by Rabbi Jonah B. Wise, national chairman of the 1931 fund campaign of the Joint distribution committee.

DOCTORS PLAN FIGHT AGAINST USEJOF DOPE Crusade Is to Be Sponsored by Medical Association. By Science Service l CHICAGO, March 17.—A campaign to limit the use of narcotic drugs to legitimate medicinal needs has been launched by the organized medical profession of the country. The campaign has as its object the two-fold purpose of reducing the extent of drug addiction, and of forestalling legislative restriction of the individual physician’s use of narcotic drugs. Beginning with the current issue, the American Medical Association wilj issue in its journal, articles dealing with various phases of the narcotic drug problem. The effect of such drugs on the body, methods of treating drug addiction, indispensable uses of naroctics in medicine and surgery, substitution of nonhabit-forming drugs for ones with addiction properties, and progress of research for a nonhabitforming substitute for morphine are the subjects of the series planned. “It is the purpose of this series of articles to indicate to the medical profession the relatively few instances demanding the administration of opium or cocaine derivatives and the many substitutes therefor that may be available,” states the editor of the Journal. “Something under 25 per cent of narcotic addiction, it is estimated, results from the beginning of the habit through previous use of drugs in medical treatment. This is after all only an estimate, based largely on evidence derived from, the addicts themselves, who are notoriously an unsafe source of evidence. “Nevertheless, the physician must strive to limit his prescribing of narcotics absolutely to those situations in which the narcotic may be considered indispensable. Thus he will avoid the possibility of unfavorable criticism.” In addition, the American Medical Association declares itself ready to

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Oliver R. Williamson Oliver R. Williamson of Philadelphia, general director of promotion and publicity for the Presbyterian Board of Christian Education, is presiding at conferences of the church’s educational leaders at the Severin. Promotional problems will be under consideration again Tuesday and Wednesday, while curriculum, textbooks and organization problems will be considered Thursday and Friday. Fish Hatchery Sought By Times Special ANDERSON, Ind., March 17— Madison county will seek the new Indiana fish hatchery for which $50,000 has been appropriated. Sites will be inspected by an Izaak Walton League committee composed of Dr. E. A. Wirshing, Forest Larmore and Blythe Johnson. aid in every possible way state medical licensing boards in their efforts to purge the medical profession of those who have any conscious part in the creation and maintenance of narcotic addiction. “Their activities reflect unfavorably on a profesison of high standing and it will not tolerate them in its midst,” the American Medical Association states.

DEER SNEER AT RANGERS’ FEED White-Tailed Cousins Must Be Fed Through Winter. Bv Science Service BELTON, Mont, March 17.—The hardiness and self-reliance of the mule or blacktail deer has again been demonstrated in Glacier National park. Feeding grounds maintained at the Lake McDonald ranger station, on the west side of the park, are often visited by the mule deer, but, having obtained salt, they ignore the proffered hay and return to the higher country to forage for themselves. The whitetail deer, however, accept free handouts at the feeding grounds throughout the winter. According to J. Rosa Eakin, until

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recently superintendent of Glacier National park, none of this hi g >> country {5 natural winter range for the deer. With the encroachment cf ranges and settlements into their natural valley feeding grounds, how. ever, the deer were forced to take to the higher country, and now they find refuge in the park. Under these conditions the mule deer developed their natural resourcefulness and began foraging for themselves, even in cold weather The whitetail, on the other hand, are less sturdy, and so must be helped throughout severe winter? It is interesting to note that during a hard winter, the mule deer going on his own appears in much better condition than the whitetail which has Joined the bread—or hay —line at the feeding gounds. Lodge Leader Dies By Times Special ANDERSON, Ind., March 17— John E. Goehring, 65, an active member of Anderson aerie, fraternal Order of Eagles, is dead. He leaves his widow and four sons.