Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 264, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 March 1931 — Page 4

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True to Form No one can charge Governor Leslie with inconsistency. When he vetoed the legislative act that would require registration of voters and thus prevent the frauds by which state elections in the past have been determined, he did the expected thing. The measure was demanded by the League of Women Voters. That fine organization, attempting to rescue the government from corruption and fraud, spent much time in its paration. The Governor assassinated their protective measure on the plea that it is too expensive to protect the ballot boxes. It is probable that he would have vetoed any measure that was written on this subject, no matter how much or how little it3 cost of operation to the state might have been. The political corruptionists do not want any safeguards against frauds, and the political corruptionists, even though they wear fine clothes and. sit in fine offices, are more powerful than women’s clubs. The people know that the cost of any registration system would be slight compared to the cost of corruption in government founded on frauds. The people of Lake county could give evidence on this subject. The Governor, under the sunny skies of Florida, should be a real playboy. If there was any victory in the legislative session, it belongs to him. He signed every questionable measure passed by the lawmakers and killed every good one. He escaped investigation of his past acts, the thing he feared. No wonder he had the bravado to kill a bill to bar frauds. He evidently does not believe in a political hell. A Painful Straddle Asa political expedient, President Hoover’s veto of the Muscle Shoals bill seems to have been singularly unsuccessful. It has made him enemies among the liberals, and, apparently, it has made him no friends among the conservatives. The Manufacturers’ Record editorially denounces the “unsound” and “inadvisable” recommendation in the veto message that the states of Alabama and Tennessee take over the property. “In both principle and practice, government operation of Muscle Shoals and a commercial basis by Alabama and Tennessee would not differ in the slightest respect from similar operation by the United States,” says the editorial. “The citizens with whom the federal government would have entered into competition are the thousands of owners of power plants throughout the south, and the owners of nitrate plants. The citizens with whom it is suggested that the governments of Tennessee and Alabama go into competition are exactly the same investors. “We submit that it is equally unsound and inadvisible ‘to commit’ state governments 'to government operation’ for any commercial purpose, especially in competition with private citizens with whom the federal government itself declines to compete.’ We forecast this reaction to the President’s veto message at the time. But the President evidently assumed that power' interests would see only the suggestion for a state commission. Instead, both perceived the inconsistency of Mr. Hoover’s position and resented it as an insult to their intelligence. Straddling of this issue may have been good politics once, but it doesn’t work as w r ell as it did two years ago. The States Speak Massachusetts, through its legislature, has asked congress to call a convention of the states to consider modification or repeal of the eighteenth amendment. Article 5 of the federal Constitution provides that whenever two-thirds of the states request it, congress shall call a constitutional convention, for the purpose of making changes. "A condition of widespread dissatisfaction prevails with the working and results of Article 18 of the amendments to the Constitution of the United States,” the Massachusetts resolution declares. . . . “It is desirable to attempt to improve, clarify or quiet such conditions . . .” At the same time, the Wisconsin state assembly has adopted a resolution memorializing congress to arrange for a national referendum on prohibition. The Massachusetts resolution recalls the decision of Federal Judge William Clark of New Jersey, who held the eighteenth amendment unconstitutional because it had not been ratified in convention—a decision promptly overruled by the United States supreme court. It is too much to hope that congress will act now on the plea of Massachusetts and Wisconsin. But they are pointing the way. If there is enough popular dissatisfaction with the prohibition law, it can be changed in this manner, which is as near to a real expression of public sentiment as our cumbersome political machinery permits. - Incidentally, it is refreshing to see the old Bay state, which has figured so largely in our history, reasserting herself and getting back to fundamentals. Hoover Sails South Apart from his habit of picking a warship every time he goes on a peace mission of good will, the President’s plan to visit our Caribbean islands is all to the good. He needs a rest. His worst enemies admit that Hoover is a hard worker. He has had only one brief vacation since entering the White House more than two years ago. The strain is beginning to show. He is getting jumpy. His recent veto message and tirades against those who disagree with him have indicated nerves. He needs to forget for awhile those hairshirts which seem to be as much on his mind as on his back. A few days of the Gulf Stream and island sands should set him up. And it won’t hurt him a bit to get a little publicity just at that time—that is, kindly publicity. For that purpose the President could not have chosen a better place than the West India colonies. They have not seen an American President in a long time, and will be glad to welcome him. His visit will be a deserved gesture of friendship to people who sometimes are human enough to resent alien rule. The publicity will be equally beneficial from the American end. American attention will be focused for the first time on one of the achievements of the Hoover administration. Conditions are not so good in Porto Rico. The fundamental problems of overpopulation and land hogging by American corporations can not be solved over night, but the government administration is more efficient and public opinion more sympathetic than perhaps at any previous time since the American flag was raised over that beautiful island. For this equal credit is due President Hoover and I Governor Theodore Roosevelt 9 In the adjoining Virgin islands, the President is

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPTS-HOW tKI NEWSPAPER) Owned and atibllshed dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolla Time* Publishing Cos., 214-220 T \Vest Maryland Street. India.lapolk, Ind. Price In Marion County. 2 * i*nts a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley faM MONDAY. MARCH 16. 1831. Member of United Press Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Andit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

initiating reforms and a hopeful experiment in humanitarian administration which eventually may enlighten our entire colonial policy. This week the island government, after thirteen years of naval rule, is to be transferred to civil administration under the new head, Governor Pearson. Unfortunately, time limitations will prevent Hoover from visiting the neighboring island of Haiti, a dependent republic which has been as much under American rule in fact as if it had been a colony legally. The evils of American occupation and territories have not been wiped out er;irely. But Hoover and his commission of last year have made a splendid start in that direction. If Hoover’s domestic policies had been as liberal or as effective as his Caribbean reforms, he would be v happier and more popular President today. Anywaj, he has earned this vacation at the scene of his succ ‘sses. We wish him bon voyage. Blessing* Automobiles To. press reports the blessing of automobiles at the nations shrine of St. Christopher in New York City The blessing was administered primarily to insure physical safety in travel. The ministers who do the blessing might well be more concerned over religious and moral safety in connection with this new and universal vehicle. There is no doubt that the automobile has been a more deadly enemy of organized orthodox religion than all the skeptics from Tom Paine to Ingersoll and Clarence Darrow. The great infidels have provoked defense of the faith, but the automobile promotes an indifference to religious exercises which Is doubly deadly, because it carries with it no adequate defense or reaction. There is little doubt that the automobile Is the greatest secularizer in the history of human Invention. Likewise with moral revolution. Sociologists, psychiatrists and columnists have been denounced by the faithful for unsettling the moral foundations of the old order. But anything which such writers have done is trivial indeed compared to the inroads of motor-car habits upon the old morals. If any moral earthquake is impounding, then the automobile must take the responsibility for having started the first serious shivers. The Goosestep While the U. S. A. raises the peace flag, swears allegiance to the Kellogg anti-war pact, and talks disarmament, the process of making over our colleges and universities into army barracks continues. Army figures reveal that in ninety so-called civilian institutions of higher learning military drill is compulsory; that 75,000 college students march to martial music under compulsion; that 10,335 high school boys do the goosestep in twenty-five high schools under duress. Os all the land-grant colleges, the University of Wisconsin is the only one in which the state has not made drill mandatory. To what purpose this Prussianlzation of American schools? The whole thing is un-American and dangerous. The only way truly to disarm is to disarm mentally. And the place to begin to disarm is in the high schools knd colleges. A student protest movement has begun It should have the blessing of every lover of peace and democracy. New style pajamas, a fashion note says, will be trimmed with sleigh bells. But will they have a popular a-peal? Women are thinking about spring hat styles. Men are also thinking about caps—for beer bottles. Though his profession is humble, a plumber Is proud of the good connections he makes. A horse in California swallowed a SSOO diamond recently. It now is said to be worth its salt. It is no indication a farmer is a domestic merely because he belongs to the sowing circle. A surgeon Is the author of anew play. Will he select a plaster cast?

REASON by ™ S CK

THE recent murder of a woman In New York City has aroused Rabbi Wise to declare that the crime is a challenge to the metropolis. We sympathize with the rabbi’s indignation, for we have felt the same way about it ever since we have been old enough to realize that law enforcement '.s a joke in the United States. tt tt tt If it be any comfort to .the rabbi, we wish to assure him that this shameful condition is not confined to New York City, but that it exists in every other city of the land and in every rural seat as well —and it always has existed. tt tt tt Our poor weather-beaten goddess of justice has been challenged so many times it would require the mathematical genius of an Einstein to count the total; she has been slapped in the face by triumphant crime until her countenance is as tough as the hide of a rhinocerous. * a m a THIS case of New York City doubtless will take its place in ine long, soul-sickening procession of miscarried justice. Yes, in a few short weeks, the steam roller of crowding events will pass over this crime and cover it with the dust of oblivion. a a Even if the guilty be arrested and their guilt be overwhelmingly evident, the endless obstructions in the pathway of punishment will put off final judgment until the public interest will be as dead as King Tut. If we may paraphrase Karl Marx, we will say that in America the law's delays are the opium of justice. tt It always has been so. Our courts always have been mere arenas in which forensic gladiators displayed their excellence, not temples of justice in which crime was whipped. We say this is the land of the oppressed, but in truht it is the asylum of the criminal. a a a ALL along the pathway of our national life, our greatest leaders have won their first laurels by prostituting theip shining talents to save from just punishment the red-handed enemies of law-abiding people, and for their victories such leaders have been acclaimed when they should have been branded as public enemies. America stands before the civilized world, the greatest failure in law enforcement, and for our .u----dici&l processes the bench and bar of other lands have had nothing but contempt for more than a century. a a a This horrible farce will end or it some day will end this republic. Our danger is not from a handful of reds; our danger is from a country full of courthouses in which justice is outraged.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

You Sense a Brighter Spirit Everywhere. Even the Hitch-Hikers Now Grin as You Pass Them Up. "Hope springs eternal in the human breast,” which offers one explanation of the change in atmosphere that has occurred throughout Indiana and the rest of the midwest. If psychology can be depended on, the midwest is coming out of it fine. If it’s a case of cooling themselves, the folks are doing a wonderful job. You sense a brighter spirit everywhere. Even hitch-hikers grin as you pass them up. Last December, they were more likely to swear, and not under the breath, either. Traveling men find it far less difficult to raise a laugh with “the latest,” prohibition has returned as the most favored topic of conversation; and you don’t have to produce blue prints and specifications to make people see the funny side of Mayor Walker’s California trip. tt ft tt They Turn to Frivolity PEOPLE here in Indiana have not only gone optimistic, but frivolous. Their antipathy to serious subjects is little less than shocking. For each one I have heard mention the Raskob plan, or the Progresive pow-wow, I have heard a dozen discuss Madam Queen’s breach of promise suit. Jimmy Londos is much more in the limelight than Senator Borah, and one hears a great deal more about the coming baseball season than plans to prevent unemployment. This is not as it should be, according to us scribes and politicians, but it’s a fact just the same. Former Governor A1 Smith said in one of his recent articles that after eighteen years of experience, he was beginning to doubt the effectiveness of primaries as compared to conventions, because people couldn’t seem to get interested in politics until the nominations had been made and the race actually begun. Such situation as that now prevailing in this country make one wonder if he isn’t right. tt tt tt Back to Comic Strip BY every rule of the game, we Americans should be tensely serious after such a winter and such a year, should be emptying the libraries of books on ecenomics, holding open forums and bending all our energies to the discovery of some better way out, but are we? We are not. Instead, we revert to that good old sense of humor—hopelessly dumb, to let some tell it, but uncannily wise, according to others. The comic strip and slapstick comedy are back on their own once more, while such taste for heavier literature as still survives is satisfied largely by the latest sex novel, or murder cases. The midwest has been peculiarly fortunate in murder cases during the last few weeks, which may account for the stampede in favor of capital punishment. Bills intended to restore capital punishment were adopted by the Kansas legislature, but later were vetoed by the Governor, which ends matter for this year, since the legislature has adjourned. In Michigan, where a similar campaign was started, the question will be decided by referendum. tt tt tt Never Given Fair Trial AS long as we spend five or six hundred million dollars a year training men and providing equipment with which to kill off some imaginary foe by the process of wholesale murder, and as long as we remain indifferent to the fact that 30,000 innocent people—half of them women and children—are slaughtered by our autos annually, I can not get excited over capital punishment. If there is any way of proving whether it is a deterrent to crime, we have not found it in this country. The strongest argument against capital punishment in America is not the cruelty it involves, or the ruthlessness to which it might lead, but the unfairness and threadbare emotionalism with which it has been, and probably will be, applied. Asa matter of record, we never have tried capital punishment in anything like an honest manner. Asa matter of record, we don’t catch more than half our murders, or convict more than a fourth. Asa matter of record, we don’t regard killing as a crime per se. Asa matter of record, we have more slayers walking the streets than are in prison. Asa matter of record, our great difficulty In handling crime consists in the criminal’s knowledge that he has more than an even chance to escape any punishment what-' soever.

Questions and Answers

What makes dolls cry? The sound that comes from a crying doll is produced by mechanical apparatus operated by weights or hand pressure, which causes air to be forced through a device similar to a whistle. The apparatus is located in various parts of the doll, usually in the stomach. Which is the higher degree in philosophy, a master’s or a doctor’s degree? A master’s degree in phllospohy requires one year of graduate study and a doctor’s degree requires two additional years of graduate study after the master’s degree. Which were the best motion pictures in 1929? According to Film Daily’s annual poll, the best were “Disraeli,” “The Broadway Melody,” “Madame X,” “Rio Rita,” “Gold Diggers of Broadway,” “Bulldog Drummond, “In Old Arizona,” “The Cock-Eyed World,” “The Last of Mrs. Cheyney” and “Hallelujah." What are the seating capacities of the stadiums at Harvard, Pittsburgh. Washington and Yale universities, the Los Angeles Coliseum and Soldiers’ field in Chicago? Harvard university stadium has a seating capacity of 40,000; University of Pittsburgh, 70,000; University of Washington, 30,000; Yale university, 75,238; Los Angeles Coliseum, 80,000, and Soldiers* field stadium at Chicago, 125,000.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Typhoid Effect on Blood Studied

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. TT generally is known that overactivity of the thyroid gland frequently is associated with changes in the blood pressure; indeed, there are some physicians who feel that overactivity of the thyroid gland may be responsible for changes in the blood vessels. To settle some of these doubtful points, Dr. L. M. Hurxthal of Boston studied the blood pressure of patients before and after partial removal of the thyroid gland, and also the relationship between the basal metabolism, the type of goiter and the blood pressure. This type of investigation which involves the accurate recording of changes in the body functions under various conditions represents scientific research in the field of medicine. The investigators found what most physicians have established over many years—that the average height of the blood pressure increases with advancing age.

IT SEEMS TO ME by TANARUSS D

WHEN a victory has been won on any flank, there always Is the temptation to say, “Well, let’s sit down and rest a while before we go on.” This column has been screaming f for action against corruption in New York. The appointment of Judge Seabury to hear charges against District Attorney Crain is not only a beginning, but a good beginning. It is no more thar. fair that Mr. Crain should be allowed his day in court. In the beginning I had a feeling that New York was apathetic. That seems to me by now unfair. The response in letters and postcards and telegrams has been so generous that I am convinced' many thousands of citizens are anxious to get on record if somebody will show the way. I hope to gather a group of speakers who can outline a definite channel for this enthusiasm. , And I think there should be an immediate answer to the challenge which Mayor Walker has issued to every one of us. He left New York at a time when it was in distress. His only explanation to the newspaper men was: “I want to get away from all these Investigations.” I haven’t a doubt that they do annoy Jimmy Walker. Jimmy has soldiered on the Job and now he should te compelled to step forward and give an account of himself. As in the case of Crain, I do not , think that the capabilities and the performance of James Joseph Walker constitute the vital factor against which we must fight. We can’t take a breathe:: now, because Tammany is on the job 365 days every year. The mayor may be late and procrastinating concerning appointments. But Tammany itself misses not a trick. If it were as indolent as some of the men who serve it, we would have been rid of the Tiger long ago. Probably I am at least as. lazy as James Joseph Walker. I’ll grant that I am five times as inefficient. But, then, I’m not mayor; nor even headed in that direction. a tt m n Confession FOR past sins I should make expiation. On numerous election days I stayed in bed and didn’t give a damn. Some of you were In the bed with me—l mean, spiritually speaking. That time has ended for me. And it ought to be over for you. Out of our neglect and apathy, crime, corruption, cruelty and bloodshed have prospered. We can’t dodge our responsibility. It involves a wakefulness, a fervor and a true desire to get into the fight and take a part. The time may not be ripe for launching a movement for the investigation and potential removal of the mayor of the city of New York. But I am not disposed to stand in the wings and wait for a cue. Entrances may be effective, even if they are not dramatic. It seems to me that we have waited long enough in regard to Tammany. sins may furnish useful ammunition, but if we go to the arsenal of past and present misdeeds there’s not a

In the Hands of His Friends

In overactivity of the thyroid gland, there is increase in the pulse pressure, which is decreased in about 50 per cent of the patients after the removal of the thyroid gland. There are cases also in which people with low or normal blood pressures who are toxic and emaciated have a distinct rise in the blood pressure after the overactivity of the thyroid is relieved. However, it must be borne in mind that these patients are put to bed for a long time usually before undergoing operation, and that there is a fall in the blood pressure usually when there is marked emaciation, as occurs with starvation; hence these factors may be responsible for the rise in blood pressure. It was found that In patients with high blood pressure and oveactivity of the thyroid, the blood pressure may be slightly higher after operation for removal of the thyroid tissue. In general, the investigations indicate that there is nothing

chance in the world that we will find that cupboard bare. tt tt it Infinite Charm LAST Saturday night the Inner Circle, an organization of City Hall and Albany newspaper men, put on a dinner at the Hotel Astor. Jimmy Walker was present and made a speech. It is the understanding that at this annual affair the mayor is present unofficially. His speech never is reported. And it would be an invasion of an excellent custom for me to deal with its substance. Yet I hardly violate a confidence if I state that it was a very charming address. Mayor Walker at his best is always likable, shrewd, witty and winning. I realize the difficulties which lie

Daily Thought

Behold I am vile; what shall I answer thee? I will lay mine hand upon my mouth.—Job 40:4. H'unbleness is always grace, always dignity.—Lowell.

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—l notice the Star recently took Senator Couzens and others to task for opposing the gigantic railroad merger sponsored by President Hoover. I say sponsored because he gave it his approval and praise publicly before the merger proposition had been placed before the interstate commerce commission, where it belongs. Does not the President overstep his jurisdiction when he calls together four or five of the leading railroad magnates to form a merger and calls it an “economic measure?” Was his approval of this vast combination of wealth publicly given out for the purpose of influencing members of the commisson to grant this vast merger? It certainly does not seem proper that the President should entertain a conference of corporation magnates to form a merger of so vast a nature, then give his approval to their action while there exists special authority to review such cases. Mr. Hoover exhibits too strong a tendency toward centralized power, not alone in this merger case, but in his strong advocacy of the flexible paragraph in the billion-dol-lar tariff bill. This country is not yet ready to accept a dictator. The Star, however, critioises every public official who has the courage to express his official prerogative, even though he refuses to obey the executive overture upon a measure he deems unwise. The Star took Senator Robinson severely to task because the senator possessed the moral courage to oppose the adoption of the London pact. Mr. Hoover has said some very harsh things to the law-making power of the country because they do not all snap up and accept his demands. Speaking of mergers, surely Indianapolis has had a taste of mergers. When the two light and power companies asked to merge their interests, they gave as a reason that they could, by consolidating, give

about overactiviry of the thyroid gland that will lead to permanent changes in the blood vessels or that is entirely responsible for high blood pressure. The evidence is quite clear that overactivity of the thyroid gland, expressed by the diagnosis hyperthyroidism, is itself a serious condition, regardless of the effect it may have on the blood pressure. Certainly it is associated with an unusual increase in the chemistry of the body, with speeding of the pulse, overstimulation of the nervous system, and other serious symptoms. Hence there is plenty of reason for applying modem scientific medicine in its control, including removal of the thyroid gland, in the presence of such symptoms. The direct relationship between hyperthyroidism and changes in the blood pressure may not be clear, but, as has been stated, the other symptoms are so definite that the absence of any effect on the lowering of the blood pressure need not be taken as a reason for avoiding proper surgical measures.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most Interesting writers and are presented without regard to agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this oaoer.—The Editor.

in the path of any individual who says: “I’m going to get that man.” And so I say, "I am going to get that man.” ft tt tt Not a Beauty Show THIS, fortunately, is not a contest in charm, or a match as to the manner in which clothes should be tailored and worn. Nor is it in any sense a duel between a certain columnist and a high city official. I think Jimmy Walker is a luxury which New York can ill afford. His grace as official greeter is small return against the vast mass of graft which has flourished during his tenure of office. This fight lies between Jimmy—the well-dressed man, the wisecracker, the articulate entertainer—and the crowd, the mob; or, call it what you will. We are less smooth. Perhaps we’re on our way. Let’s keep going! We can’t be fooled forever. No man with nice spats and a smooth tongue can laugh us back Into apathy. Nor can the graceful gesture of a neatly gloved hand say "Stop!” to a mob which has had enough of Tammany and Jimmy Walker. (Copyright. 1931, by The Times)

better and more efficient service at less cost to consumer. What was the result? As soon as their petition was granted, they began raising their rates and eventually raised their rates to double what they were before the merger. And what was true of the power and light company also was true of the telephone companies. CentralPower seems to have anew birth in the present administration. JOHN ROBBINS, 517 East Twenty-fifth street. Is a child bom of American citizens temporarily residing abroad eligible for the office of President of the United States? It has been held that a child born to American parents temporarily residing abroad is a natural bom American citizen, and as such would be eligible for the office of President of the United States.

Fun and Frolic that party you are having drag. Keep the fun going. Our Washington Bureau can help you. It has a bulletin on INDOOR GAMES that is just full of helpful suggestions for having fun at a party. Fill out the coupon below and send for it, and forget your troubles about how you are going to "entertain” your guests. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 112, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin INDQOR GAMES and enclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE... * • . ' I am a reader of The Indianapolis, Times. (Cod* No.)

MARCH 16, 1931

SCIENCE -BY DAVID DIETZ—-

Parasites of Three Types Are Found Living in Tissues of Mammals. THREE types of parasites are found living within the tissues of mammals, according to Professor E. C. Faust of the parasitology laboratory of Tulane university. These organisms, which Professor Faust calls endoparasites, are classified as follows: First: Protozoa, microscopic onecelled animals. Second: Flatworms. Third: Roundworms. Speaking of the protozoa, Professor Faust says, "Some of these lowly parasites are primitive and simple in their structure; others are complex and specialized. "Among the former are the endamebas, while in the latter group are the malarial organisms. "The endamebas live primarily in the digestive tract,” he says, “Some live entirely in the intestinal lumen and feed only on food as it passes through the intestine. "One type (Endamoeba gingivalis) is found associated with bscteria and spirochetes in pyorrheal infections of the gums. Another, Endamoeba histolytica, is a tissue parasite.” tt tt tt The Flagellates THE amoeba when seen under the microscope appears like a little drop of jelly-like substance. It has no definite shape, moving in different directions by projecting its substances into finger-like extensions known as pseudcpodla. Another type of unicellular animal is known as the flagellate. It has a definite shape and propels itself by means of one or more whiplike "tails” known technically as flagella. Still another type of unicellular animal is known as the ciliate, because it is covered with tiny vibrating hair-like fibres known as cilia. “There are two physiological groups of endoparasitic flagellates, those in the intestine and those in the blood stream and blood-forming organs,” Dr. Faust says. "The former group are relatively innocuous; the latter are usually pathogenic. Among the later are the dozens of species of trypanosomes, causing diseases in wild animals, also in cattle, horses, donkeys, sheep, camels, monkeys and man (sleeping sickness). “Then there are the modified hemoflagellates (leishmanlas) which i cause cutaneous and visceral diseases In man and dogs.” a tt Cause of Malaria, THERE are three distinct species of malarial intection in man, Dr. Faust says. "In monkeys there are several types of malarial parasites,” he continues. “Other mammals also harbor parasites of this group, but it seems altogether likely that they are all distinct one from another.” “The piroplasms, anaplasms, etc., which infect red blood cells, are not known to infect man but constitute a serious group of infections in cattle, sheep, horses, camels, etc. Coccidia infest rabbits, sheep, cattle, hogs, dogs and cats and occasionally develop in man. Most of these cocidia are located in the walls of the intestines, but in rabbits they infest the liver. "Horses and cattle, camels and sheep at times are afflicted with a protozoan infection of* the flesh known as sarcocystis, and man has been reported to have incurred this disease. "There are several ciliated protozoa which live in the intestinal tract of mammals. Some of these are located in the stomachs of ruminants.”

MADISON’S BIRTH March 16 /~\N March 16, 1751, James Matiison, fourth President of the United States, was bom at Port Conway, Va. After graduation from Princeton at the age of 20, he studied law. Five years later he entered politics by becoming a member of the Virginia convention, and, though too modest for an orator, he became one of the most eminent, accomplished and respected of American statesmen. Asa member of the convention of 1787, which framed the Federal Constitution, Madison took complete notes in shorthand, thus producing the only record of its proceedings and debates. In 1792 he became the leader of the Republican party in congress, and wrote the Kentucky resolutions of 1798, which contain the basis of the State Rights doctrines. In 1809, after he had served as secretary of state under Jefferson, Madison was elected President of the United States. In his second term Madison approved the establishment of a national bank as a financial necessity. In 1817 he retired to his home at Montpelier, Va., where he served as rector of the University bt Virginia. Are there the same number of days and nights in a year? Since the year begins and ends at midnight, the number of days and nights in the year is the same.