Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 264, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 March 1931 — Page 12

PAGE 12

INCOME TAXES TO SHOW GRIP OF DEPRESSION Mellon Expects First Quarter Payments to Be Index to Conditions. By United Prets WASHINGTON. March 16. Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon sxpects to get an Index of the extent of the business depression and from the income tax collections for the first quarter of this year, the last of which were pouring in today. Treasury officials have estimated returns for the first quarter, which must be filed by midnight tonight, would run between $525,000,000 and $530,000,000, or around SIOO,OOO 000 less than for the first quarter last year, when they totalled $628,000,000. This is despite a general increase of 1 per cent in the tax rate over last year, when the temporary 1 per cent reduction voted by congress was effective. Tax collections for the current fiscal year, beginning last July 1, are running about $83,000,000 below those of the same period last year, while the government deficit now is running about $427,000,000. Treasury officials have predicted a deficit of $500,000,000. On th eve of collections for the first quarter of this year, the total of which will not be tabulated until the end of the month, the treasury published an analysis on income tax returns which showed the high tide of prosperity in the flush days before the repercussions of the 1929 stock market began to be felt. The detailed data, which covers returns on 1929 incomes through the period up to Aug. 31, 1930, revealed 504 persons with incomes of more than a million dollars a year, and 38,650 others with incomes of over $50,000 a year, and thus in the “millionaire class.” The total combined net incoqie reported by the 504 “super-million-aires” was $1,185,135,330, or more than one-twentieth of the aggregate net income of the country’s taxpayers, which, the report revealed. was $24,519,296,977 in 1929. Children to Get Food Bu United Press TERRE HAUTE, Ind., March 14. —Free lunches will be served children attending township schools in Vigo county from families in which unemployment has caused distress, directors of the county chapter of the Red Cross announce. An investigation showed some children actually suffering from lack of nourishment, the directors said. Thirty minutes after a financial campaign was announced at Red Cross headquarters, pledges totaling $550 were received. Girl. U, Kills Self Bit Times Special MIDLAND, Ind., March 16.—Violet Lehman, 12, committed suicide by hanging at her home, near here, [because she was scolded for buying 'candy on credit. The scolding was (administered by her parents, Mr. and Mrs. O. H. Lehman, after a bill for the candy was received. The child looped baling wire around her neck and swung from a tree.

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RISKS LIFE FOR JUSTICE

Gandhi Dares Death to Fight for Right

> ounr man to ptudv law, during which time someone gave him a Bible an and he f 3-rr<-atl\ impressed hr the life of /■ ggg , ,• Jesus Christ. £. : ; <■,.... v- ■£?■<■'}?<' f lrm London, he was sent to South r. \fr> i rt i point Mr B< ,nrr loda resumes lh< >. thread of hi> .. r<.i Inuc n.Traliw. iM, : ' BY MILTON BRONNER % : NLA Euror.rsn Bureau Manager Vs^'v; (Copyright. 1931. NEA Service, Inc.) 'v OHANCE led Mohandas Karam- /jffvjff chand Gandhi from London to / a\ \ , South Africa as an ambitious young / M ndian lawyer in 1893, but some- | | r hing—accident, fate or destiny; l I w all it what you will—placed him \ „ ... ~ . \ valipAsM-xv/.'-x-xjirr / “The Great Soul, as million n a position there where anew \ / of brwm men in m dia call hir sader of men appeared on the \ / today, is pictured above in are torizon of history. <*4 cent P hoto * The fact that there was such a Below 7 , as he appeared when \ hing as an Indian problem in re- young man in South Africa at th

Friday. In the first story In this series of four on Mahatma Gandhi, Milton Bronner told of the great Indian leader's early life—how he was betrothed by his Hindu parents at 1. married to a child bride at 13 and went to London as a young man to study law, during which time someone gare him a BiMe and he was greatly impressed by the life of Jesus Christ. From London, he was sent to South Africa to pond' ct a lawsuit and at this point Mr. B-c iner today resumes the thread of his <; Vsotbing narrative.

BY MILTON BRONNER NEA European Bureau Manager (Copyright, 1931. NEA Service, Inc.) CHANCE led Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi from London to South Africa as an ambitious young Indian lawyer in 1893, but some-thing-accident, fate or destiny; call It what you will—placed him in a position there where anew leader of men appeared on the horizon of history. The fact that there was such a thing as an Indian problem in relation to the British empire and to white men impressed itself on him. This was before the Boer war. There were two British colonies, Cape Colony and Natal; two Boer colonies, the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. In all of them, Gandhi found the Indian problem acute. There were some 150,000 Indians of all classes, castes and religious faiths in South Africa. Some were merchants and traders, but the bulk were laborers. They were indentured; signed up to work for a period of years at a certain fixed small wage. They were not free men. a >t a GANDHI found a sort of universal contempt for his countrymen. No matter what their class, they were all lumped together under the opprobrious designation of “coolies.” Gandhi himself faced the color question. He was compelled to take off his turban in some places. Despite the fact that he bought first-class tickets on the railways, he was compelled to travel in the third-class, because he was an Indian. He found no good hotel which would take him in. He wa3 barred from good restaurants. In 1896 he returned to India for a short visit. He spoke about the difficulties of Hindus in South

Africa. He wrote a pamphlet about It. He called attention to the unjust tax which was levied on indentured workmen. This imposition—sls— so steep for a poor workman that he could not afford to pay it. For lack of payment he was often prevented from going back -to India. Perforce he had to stay in South Africa and sell his labor at a cheap price. But garbled reports of what Gandhi had written and said were cabled back to South Africa and feeling against him ran high. a * tt GANDHI arrived from India on a steamer at the port of Durban, Natal. He was mobbed and was saved from serious injury only by a ruse of the police. He showed his belief In the ethics of his religion and of Jesus by refusing to prosecute his tormentors. This was in January, 1897. When the Boer war broke out in 1899, Gandhi showed his forgiving nature. He deemed it the duty of the Indians to stand by the empire. He offered the services of himself and his fellow-countrymen and organized an ambulance corps of 1,100 men who 'did magnificent work. They were not compelled by the terms of their contract to work on the firing line, but they did so. They were well forward in the relief of Ladysmith. Gandhi himself helped bear out of battle one of the sons of Lord Roberts. They were mentioned in dispatches and thirty-seven medals were granted to the leaders. Similarly in 1906, at the time of the Zulu revolt, Gandhi once more organized an ambulance corps. In later years for his work in South Africa, Lord Hardinge, then viceroy of India, bestowed upon him the much coveted Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal. m* THE wars over, Gandhi once more had a chance to think of the wrongs of his countrymen. Not only had the sls tax not been taken off the indentured workingmen, but anew grievance arose. Under a decision by one of the South African judges, it was held that no marriages would be considered valid unless celebrated according to Christian rites and duly registered in South Africa. At one swoop this ignored all marriages performed according to Hindu ->r Moslem rites among the workers from India. Gandhi decided that the time to fight had arrived. He forged a weapon which was new to the worldpassive resistance. At his Tolstoy-

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

“The Great Soul,” as millions of brown men in India call him today, is pictured above in a recent photo. Below, as he appeared when a young man in South Africa at the outset of his bloodless battles for Indian rights. an farm colony, near Durban, he trained his helpers. They would lay down their tools. They would stop work. They would resort to no physical violence or reply to violence with violence. Indentured workmen refused to work. Indian miners left the coal mine. Gandhi and his lieutenants deliberately led marches of the idle from one former South African state into another, disobeying orders not to do so and deliberately courting arrest. n * ANDHI was sent to jail in Bloemfontein and subjected to many indignities. Indian women joined with their men. Thousands of them, men and women, were imprisoned. The Jails were overflowing. Troops sought to corral miners and force them to work. General Smuts, then premier of South Africa, was adamant. But the viceroy of India intervened as much as he could. English opinion back home was also unfavorable to the South African attitude. In the latter part of 1913 General Smuts decided to name a commission to inquire into all the grievances. The victory was won. Passive resistance had shown the way. Gandhi realized that he had” an instrument in his hand which could be used in a larger field some day. In 1914 Gandhi sailed for England, Intending to remain there a short time and then return to India. But on the day he landed in England, he learned that Germany had declared war. He at once offered to enlist for the whole duration of the war and undertake ambulance work at the front. His offer was accepted eagerly. He was placed In a high post with an Indian unit, but he was stricken down with pleurisy. He had a narrow escape from death and was then ordered to go to wanner climes. So he went to his motherland. a m . AS soon as he recovered and for three years thereafter, he offered to organize an ambulance corps for the Indian government to work at the front in Mesopotamia.

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But the viceroy assured him his presence was more needed at home. He had become a powerful leader. His advice was valued. His outspoken words against secret revolutionary plots for assassination of prominent Englishmen in India carried weight. In the closing year of the war he went on a tour of the villages, urgng his countrymen to enlist and fight the Turks and Germans. The tour almost cost his life. He became infected with violent dysentery and at one time was considered to be oi his death-bed. In the meantime, when not serving the British government and when not ill, he was intervening in various disputes between his people and the government and usually bringing about a peaceful settlement. The time had not yet come when he was to lose all faith in the government and break with it completely. NEXT: Dark days in India . . . and a brown man who found the truths advanced by Jesus Christ, Daniel and Socrates and used them as his weapons in a bloodless revolution. ISRm| Guarantee 5 Hurry to Hook’s 1 SHIRLEY BROTHERS I Funerals A Shirley Service is a Remembered Service? THE MORTUARY TEMPLE ILLINOIS AT TENTH ST.

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Lodge Leader Buried By United Press LAFAYETTE, Ind., March 16. Funeral services were held here today for James Rae, 59, district deputy grand master of the Odd Fellows lodge and president of the Master Plumbers’ Association. He was active in Odd Fellow and Red Men lodge activities over the state and had filled all the chairs In both orders here. He leaves his widow, four sons, three daughters five brothers and six sisters.

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MARCH 16. 1931