Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 253, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 March 1931 — Page 4

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Burdening Business State line wars and enmity between bordering commonwealths can be expected to follow the passage of laws limiting the size of trucks on public highways. The measure now awaits the approval of the Governor and thereafter trucks in Indiana must be much smaller than those used in Ohio, Illinois, Michigan and Kentucky. The heads of many business industries protested against the rigid limitation on the ground that their business is now geared up to the use of trucks and its passage will confiscate their property and destroy their businesses. The railways and interurbans were in the - background with the support and approval of the highway commission. It is significant that the Indiana measure does not follow the recommendations of national associations which made a scientific investigation of the conditions of highways. It appears to be a blind thrust at the truck in favor of the railways. Such efforts, of course, must fail. Labor saving machinery may add to unemployment, but it will not be discarded. Any step forward in transportation or manufacture will be termanent if it produce economies. The action of the legislature seems to be unwise because it adds new burdens to business instead of making business easier at a time when it is punch drunk with many blows. The Governor might help the state by a veto. But that is to much to expect. Questions and Answers President Hoover’s Muscle Shoals statement contains six questions and a puzzle. The questions can be answered, but the puzzle only puzzles. In naming the factors he will consider in signing or vetoeing the Muscle Shoals compromise bill, Hoover asked these questions: 1. Whether it is desirable to adopt a change in federal policies on utility ownership and operation? Our answer is that the question of federal ownership is not involved. The government already owns Muscle Shoals. The government already is operating it for the benefit of a private power company. But, if an additional answer is needed, Hoover himself said during the campaign that Muscle Shoals was the exception to his general policy against government operation, because it was a byproduct of a great major purpose. 2. Whether the lease provision in respect to the fertilizer plants genuinely is workable? The answer is that those who should know say the nitrate plants can be leased. Certainly, the President is given wide enough powers by this bill to remove minor constacles which might arise. 3. Whether the method proposed in this bill will produce cheaper fertilizer for the farmers? The answer is that the lessee of the nitrate plants is given first call on cheap power, he is ordered to manufacture nothing but fertilizer in the government plants, and the limit of profit he may make on this product is stipulated. If it is possible to manufacture cheaper fertilizer for farmers at Muscle Shoals, this bill will do it. 4. Whether the project is required for national defense? The answer is that the project was built originally for that purpose. But, of course, only another conflict can determine whether it will be needed again for nation defense. In the meantime, why sacrifice that preparedness? 5. Whether this bill is in the interests of the people of the Tennessee valley! The answer is that the people of the Tennessee valley appear well satisfied with the compromise. Many of them are confident that putting Muscle Shoals to work will initiate the great development o fthe river. And, in addition, the stater of Alabama and Tennessee will benefit especially through their sizeable percentage of the gross receipts from power sales. 6. Whether the whole project is a business proposition? The answer is that only a trial will answer this. But, awaiting this trial, it is obvious that the compromise will accomplish approximately what Hoover him r self must have had in mind when he sponsored the proposal to lease the whole project to private companies. So much for Hoover’s questions. His puzzle was the statement that the long Muscle Shoals controversy had sidetracked other effective action for federal regulation of interstate power in cooperation with the states. This “effective action” must be hidden in the President's mind. There has been no such administration proposal before congress. Other parts of Hoover’s statement made clear that he understands the enormous political and economic potentialities of the bill. He can sweep away the former by considering the latter. If he does this, he only can decide to sign the compromise bill. \ Page Diogenes If Diogenes had been in New York City last Sunday, his quest for an honest man would have been realized. The Rev. Dr. Pulton J. Sheen, professor of fundamental theology at the Catholic University of America, preached a sermon in St. Patrick’s cathedral. He came out definitely against toleration in the field of religious belief. He declared that the intolerance of the Catholic church was wholly justified by the fact that it is the divinely appointed custodian of revealed spiritual truth. The church could not be tolerant and be true to its trust. As Dr. Sheen puts it: “The intolerance of the Catholic church is the intolerance of divinity. On questions of ministry and doctrine, the Catholic church refuses to be ‘broadminded.’ ’’ One may differ with Dr. Sheen on the validity of the claim of the Catholic church to divine pretensions, but he can not bring into question his logic or his candor. Granted his premises that Jesus Christ varily was the Son of God, that He desired to establish His church on earth, that He personally commissioned Peter to organize it, that Peter did so and became the fir*t bishop of Rome, that the popes have been the lineal and apiritual successon of St. Peter, that the pope is the viceregent of Christ on earth, and that when the pope speaks officially on matters of faith and morals his doctrine possesses infallible i *

The Indianapolis Times (A aCKIPPS-HOWAKD NEWSPAPEK) Owned nii published dally (except Banday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price In Marlon County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. PRANK O. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 0681 MONDAY. MARCH 3. 1831. Member of United Press, Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Asoclatlon. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

divine truth, there la no dodging the conclusions of Father Sheen. Such honest talk draws the issue sharply and accurately. if one desires to refute such doctrine, he must assume responsibility for undermining the premises which lie back of such assertions. This position is far more impressive than the attitude of such apologists as Dr. James J. Walsh who seek to give the impression that the Catholic church has been the great sponsor and custodian of secular learning, that it has always fought the battles of sound scientific research, that it has forwarded tolerance and urbanity, and that there is no conflict between scientific methods and discoveries and Catholic dogma. Further, Father Sheen’s straight speaking likely will create far more respect for the church and its leaders than any evasive and misleading effort to prove that the Catholic church is something which it is not and never has been. It puts the church in a dignified position where disagreement is possible, but where disrespect and indignation are difficult. Difficult to Understand White House rumors suggesting a veto for the Wagner employment agency bill seem incredible. The President has turned thumbs down on food loans or gifts for drought sufferers, on loans of any kind for the unemployed in cities, and on loans for veterans. But this plan for a national system of employment agencies is one he himself helped formulate. It is suggested that Hoover will “stand by” his secretary of labor, whose substitute employment agency bill was defeated. But his secretary indorsed the Wagner bill on behalf of his Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen a short time before entering the cabinet. Either the rumors of a Hoover veto are false, or there is some mystery here. A man who recommends, as president of a national unemployment conference in 1921, that “an adequate permanent system of employment offices be established,” to take the place of an inadequate existing system; who sponsors committees in 1923 and 1924 echoing this recommendation, reasonably can not reject the plan in 1931. Nor does fie, if he is a statesman, reject the measure because it bears the name of a man in the other political party. The Wagner employment agency bill is needed now as it never has been needed before. Only three days remain before it dies or becomes law. The President must decide now whether he will give men out of work a chance to help themselves. A Modest Servant of Humanity, Some of our workers for civilization in the field of prison reform have received at least slight public recognition for their devoted services to humanity. Such has been the case with Lewis E. Lawes, Thomas Mott Osborne, Clarence Darrow, Adolph Lewisohn,' Dwight Morrow and a few Others. Albert H. Votaw of Philadelphia, long head of the Pennsylvania Prison Society, was not so honored with the plaudits of his fellowmen. Yet it is probable that no other American of our generation has given as long a period of unselfish service to the cause of improving our prison conditions as has Mr. Votaw. He was the successor of Roberts and Richard Vaux and their associates in the Society of Friends, who founded the Pennsylvania Prison Society and the Pennsylvania prison system a century back. He carried on their tradition of service with a more modern and enlightened perspective. He long was the chief figure in keeping Pennsylvania in touch with new methods and humane procedure. Back in 1917-18 he took the lead in securing the creation of the Pennsylvania commission to investigate penal systems which ultimately secured the thorough reorganization of the charities and correctional system of Pennsylvania on lines roughly resembling Dwight Morrow’s reforms in New Jersey. Mr. Votaw’s praises may go unsung by his contemporaries, but the historian of American prison reform will not neglect him. This dunking controversy in the south, wisecracks the office sage, might give poets good material for many spring pones. Friday, March 13, may be unlucky, but just think of March 15. That’s the day your income tax is due.

REASON by F “ S CK

'T'HE death of the widow of Admiral Dewey recalls A an incident with which the young people may not be familiar. After his victory at Manila bay the country went wild, and nine-tenths of the boy babies who arrived around that time were named Dewey. a a a Then those who didn’t have any babies to name after Dewey and who wanted to register their affection passed the hat and bought the admiral a house in Washington, whereupon Dewey proceeded to put the house m his wife's name, and then his admirers dropped him like a hot potato. tt IT aroused a thousand times the furore caused by General Butler’s collision with Mussolini, absurd as the thing was, and it was said to have made the admiral very unhappy, for it shakes one up very violently to be hurled from a pedestal. tt tt This reference to General Butler reminds us that he is riding to a fall in his vehicle of rash statement. Last week he made two speeches, and in those two speeches were several statements that were without foundation, and a fellow doesn’t have to work at such business many days to discredit himself. 9 tt tt ANOTHER smart-Aleck author from England,-J. B. Priestly by name, arrived in New York the other day and proceeded immediately to hand opt profound conclusions regarding Americans, all of the same to the effect that we are utterly hopeless. tt a tt It would be depressing to learn this from the august lips of a literary insect, were it not that we are accustomed to learn it periodically from English writers who are long on impudence and short on advertising. tt tt tt FROM the Standpoint, of publicity it pays and we regret that there are enough American snobs to lionize the Englishman who harpoons them to make it profitable in dollars and cents, but from the more important standpoint of lasting international good, will, it is a liability. mum Such upstarts no more represent the body of the English people than a self-appointed ambassador of mischief, such as Sinclair Lewis, represents the people of this country, but many do not pause to draw the distinction. The result is a feeling toward England which is far from affectionate. it tt If all nations could keep their garrulous squirts at home, it would be a substantial contribution to the harmony of mankind.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Proration of Oil Has Its Drawbacks, but It is the Most Sensible Way of Handling a Glutted Market. OKLAHOMA CITY, Okla., March 2.—When Texas, Oklahoma and California began to flood the country with oil, as they did two or three years ago, the first thought was to curtail production and keep up prices until the situation had righted itself. All three states adopted laws whereby the pipeline companies could refuse to take more than a certain percentage of oil offered, that percentage applying to every one in a given field alike. The scheme was trotted‘out as a “method of conservation,” but generally was understood and accepted as designed to keep up prices. It has kept up prices fairly well, which is, perhaps, its very worst feature, because very wild catter who could get the money has taken it as an excuse to drill more wells. Instead of lessening the supply and clearing the market, this proration scheme has led to over-, production, and there is far more difference between the oil now on tap and what the country can consume than there was when it started. tt tt tt There's a Catch Here THOSE interested in oil at the well-head are getting tired of seeing the valve shut twenty-two out of the twenty-four hours. They’re wrong to feel that way, but it’s human nature. Just take the case home to yourself. Suppose you had a gusher in the back yard, as is true of many homes in and around Oklahoma City, and suppose it would run 500 barrels a day if let alone, but you could sell only twenty-live, because the pipeline company wouldn’t take any more. How would you feel? You’d realize it was one way of keeping up the price and you’d stand it all right for a while, but you’d see wells going down all around you, you’d hear about this or that little operator being forced to sell out to the big boys, and you’d begin to wonder if there wasn’t something back of the scheme besides price. Also, you’d begin to wonder if something couldn’t be done that would work better than proration. tt tt tt Some Queer Thinking OUITE a few people have turned their attention to the task of finding a substitute, and though none of them has succeeded to the satisfaction of the majority, or anything like it, their combined efforts have served not only to arouse much sentiment against proraticn, but to set the stage for some queer thinking. Gradually the issue has been restated and realigned to fit that moss-eaten formula of “big business versus the people.” The fact that Standard Oil favors proration has been made to mean that there must be something crooked about it, while the fact that Harry F. Sinclair is ballyhooing for the other side has been taken as revealing hitherto unperceived virtues on his part. Some wild catters and independent operators have worked themselves into such a stew that they are actually yelling for the lid to be taken off and the bottom kicked out of the market, just as though they would not be crushed in the process and a lot of others with them. tt it tt A Dumb Suggestion Governor Murray of Oklahoma recommends that the three great oil-producing states outlaw, or penalize, those companies that import crude from abroad, just as though such a thing were possible under the federal Constitution, or would be sensible if it were. At present, this country is buying less than one gallon of crude oil abroad to every ten produced at home. If the entire importation were stopped, the outlet for domestic supply would be increased by less than 10 per cent, and what would that amount to, in a situation which calls for curtailment of production by as much as 95 per cent in some cases. Besides, an embargo, or a tariff having the effect of a partial embargo, probably would lose us more in foreign markets than we gained at home, and add to a depression which was brought about largely by the same kind of nonsense. a a tt Most Sensible Way PRORATION has its risks and drawbacks, but, by and large, it is the most sensible way of handling a glutted market which coming interests supply. Outside of that, it is the only way of saving weaker competitors whom a free-fcr-all price war soon would wipe out of existence. Arbitrary curtailment of production would be disastrous as a general proposition, but as a temporary measure of relief,to meet a given situation with regard to a given commodity, it is the one alternative to chaos for all and ruin for some. Cotton farmers should have accepted it long ago. If they don’t, they’ll soon be in worse shape than the oil producers are right now.

Questions and Answers

How many nurses were enrolled in the army nurses corps during the World war, and how many were sent overseas? How many were killed or bounded? The maximum number of trained nurses enrolled in the army nurse corps during the World war was 23,159. The largest number overseas was 10,245. From April 6, 1917, to June 1919, there was 171 deaths of army nurses serving with the A. E. F. One hundred seventy army nurses died in the United totes during the World war. None were killed in action and none died of wounds. Only three were wounded and two were killed on a transport U May, 1917. Who won the Nobel prizes for 1930? The prize winners were: Medicine, Dr. Karl Landsteiner; literature, Sinclair Lewis; peace. Frank Kellogg; chemistry, Hans Fischer, and physics, Sir C. V, Raman,

PSHAW! I MUST WAVE ”Ki COME OFF WITH

Children’s Lies Puzzle Psychologists

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. ONE problem that disturbs parents as much as any other is the tendency of children to invent the most fantastic explanations for their actions an dto indulge in what plainly and bluntly is called lying, on what sometimes appears to be slight provocation. In association with recent attempts to analyze scientifically the reasons for the conduct of the child, the psychologists have given special attention to this problem. Professor Franz Alexander believes that children lie because they need to lie more than do adults in order to satisfy their wishes and to maintain themselves toward conditions in the outer world. Therefore, children lie because adults compel them to lie. The child, when it comes into the world, has no knowledge of right or wrong, and its code of conduct is determined by its parents.

IT SEEMS TO ME

WEST OF THE HUDSON—I’m what you might call avaricious, and yet I am not thrifty. I have taken to heart the advice which has been going around lately about buying stocks outright and putting them in a safe deposit vault and forgetting them—that is, I do everything except forget about them. The only thing I forget is the number of the safe deposit box. You see, I never have been an efficient bookkeeper. Only this morning I got a letter from the government, in which they said they wanted to see me about my 1929 income tax. I was requested to bring all books and papers referring to the matter. I think they must have gotten hold of the wrong name. My income wasn’t the sort which gets into ledgers and requires a filing system. I could bring all the books and papers between my thumb and first Anger. But somehow they don’t seem to like it if you say, ‘My guess is that this year I lost $315.25 in the stock market.” At that, I think they got all the best of the deduction. I wouldn’t be certain that maybe it wasn’t s4oo—but the government ought to have sense ehough to know that I must have lost something. How could I make any money in that market? a tt a Just Color BUT the fun of owning ten shares of this or that consist very largely in going and loking at it now and then. Some certificates are much prettier than others. I like the orange ones quite well: I’ve got five shares of Chesapeake <fe Ohio Railroad. It’s one of the prettiest designs you would care to see. That’s a well-known ’railroad, I believe, but I don’t know where we start or where we finish. Ohio is a pretty big place. I think they ought to be more definite than that, and since I have no intention of going to Ohio, or to Chesapeake either, I don’t suppose I ever will get a chance to look at my only railroad. The best I can do is to pat the back of the certificate every couple of weeks. It has a nice, silky texture. I’ve had fair luck with blue certificates, but the green ones are no good as far as I’m concerned. a tt tt Hiding the Deal I ALWAYS give my orders in a low tone of voice, and so when I approach the window with slow and dignified tread and write on a little slip of paper, “Buy ten shares of American Beet Sugar, at two and half,” only two of us. in the room know I'm not really swinging a big deal. This ten-share system gives you more chance to move around. At one time or another I’ve oddlotted myself through practically every ten-share on the list. I’ve been a railroad man, oil man, copper man, and lately I’ve been dabbling in the amusement issues. You see, one week I did a monolog at Solace. ) knew that I

Imagine His Embarrassment!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

If parents compel the child to do something which it feels is unjust, it is likely to respond by resentment in the form of equivocation and evasion. The parents are so much more powerful than the child that the child of necessity responds to subterfuge if compelled to do somethingthat it does not understand. Hence, as Doctor Alexander points out, it is necessary for the parent who demands restrictions of the child to compensate in some manner so it may realize the value of restrictions. The parent should, of course, endeavor to understand the reason for various inhibitions. The child recognizes in its parent a master. It always is the tendency of those who are dependent to endeavor to please the master. Thus the child sometimes lies to please the parent, realizing that such pleasure will be compensated by a reward. There is finally the lying that is purely the result of fanciful imagi-

was going to do it before word went to Wall Street. That supplied me with inside information, and the morning before my appearance was advertised I naturally sold Radio - Keith - Orpheum short. Short Seller I HAVEN’T any moral or ethical objection to short selling. My broker friends tell me that it stabilizes the market. That argument hasn’t sounded so good in the last year or so. But these giants of finance may know best. It is the gambling risk that terrifies me. I always get afraid that maybe I’ll be squeezed by big operators, that they’ll get me in a corner where I’ll have to say, “Will you settle for the electric piano, a radio receiving set and Capt. Flagg?” Asa bull I lose only what I put up, and that never is momentous. But, as I said before, the most sat* isfactory thing to do with money is to spend it. Then you have the satisfaction of seeing and feeling and tasting precisely what you get. How can I tell where the Chesapeake and Ohio railroad will be a week from now, or a month or a year? Maybe people will quit going to Ohio. tt tt u Professors Help I AM glad that some of the colleges seem to be worrying about the state of education among star athletes. One of the papers today has a

aSyfiljliUe^

BIRTH OF SCHURZ March 2

ON March 2, 1829, Carl Schurz, a famous American political leader and soldier, was bom near Cologne, Germany. Educated at the University of Bonn, he later took part in the revolutionary movement of 1848, but finally was forced to flee to Switzerland. He emigrated to the United States in 1852 and settled at Watertown, Wis. Less than ten years later he was appointed minister to Spain by President Lincoln, but resigned at the outbreak of the Civil war to join the Union army. Appointed brigadier-general and later promoted to major-general, Schurz commanded a division at Chancellorsville and a corps at Gettysburg. After the war he engaged in journalistic work. From 1869 to 1875 he was United States senator from Missouri. He presided over the Cincinnati convention which nominated Greeley for President. From 1877 to 1881 he served as secretary of the interior. In 1913, seven years after his death, a monument was erected, to him on Momingside Heights.

nation. Thus the child will invent strange tales to please iself in a world in which pleasure sometimes is found with great difficulty. Sometimes the lying of the child is, however, not the harmless type of lying that is imaginative and fantastic, but the pathologic lie invented for the definite purpose of deceit. This type of lying is seen, of course, in grown-ups as well as in children, and represents in many cases a mental disorder requiring careful study by an expert to get at the basis of the disturbance and thus to correct it. A child whose mind is troubled by some social or moral condition that it does not understand may lie to compensate in its own mind for the conflict that is going on. Hence it is especially necessary that the parents be sufficiently close to their children to detect the mental conflict and to explain it away logically, rather than to force the child into lying to obtain mental quietude.

DV HEYWOOD BROUN

picture of a noted half back, and by a happy chance the photographer caught him in the act of reading a book. Over the picture is the caption, “A Studious All-American Player.” I am afraid that maybe there’s some propaganda in that. The publicity man of that particular college wants us all to believe that football players really can read and write. The next time they will be having him photographed holding a fountain pen. (Copyright, 1931. by The Times)

People’s Voice

Editor Times—The move to abolish the direct primary should be resisted by every citizen interested in representative government. It may have its shortcomings, but It is much better than the old convention system, when men to fill public offices were hand-picked by certain gentlement of none too savory reputations. There are quite a few fine men in office today who would not be there if they had to be nominated in a convention. Instead of weakening the law, as they dir’ here in the last session of the leg stature by removing the president, senators and Governor from its provisions, it should be strengthened by abolishing the caucus and convention altogether and make the direct nomination of all officers mandatory and final. If what is left of the law in Indiana is repealed, it will take a long time to get it back. Therefore, it should not be repealed. WILLIAM MURPHY. How can leather be cleaned? Strong ammonia water is recommended. Rub the leather until clean and dry it with a soft cloth.

The 1930 Census Our Washington bureau has ready for you in condensed and practical form anew bulletin giving the United States population figures for 1930. This compilation includes the population by states, with comparative figures for 1920, showing the actual and percentage growth in each state; it has a table showing the states in rank of population for 1930; the population for all the principal cities in the United States; comparative statistics for New York and London, the two biggest cities in the world, in detail; a table of the largest cities in the world; the population of the earth by continents; the population by races for the world, and the racial population of Europe. You will find this bulletin a handy source of reference. Fill out the coupon below and send for it. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 116, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin UNITED STATES 1930 POPULATION, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs: Name Street and Number City state. I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times (Code No.)

(deals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this oaper.—The Editor.

.MAR. 2, 1931

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ.

Leeuwenhoek, Pioneer Microbe Hunter, Discovered Existence of Red Corpuscles. Antony van Leeuwenhoek the Dutch dry-goods storekeeper and janitor of the city hall of Delft, who made better microscopes than any one before him and discovered the existence of microbes, is one of the most interest-compelling figures on the pages of science. Next year the world will celebrate the 300th anniversary of the birth of this pioneer microbe hunter. Throughout his life, Leeuwenhoek refused to divulge the secret of how he ground and mounted the lenses of his microscopes. He made several hundred microscopes, designing each one for the particular observation of some specific object. Shortly before his death, he willed twenty-six of these microscopes to the Royal society of London, but in later years these disappeared. The rest of his microscopes were sold by auction after his death. Five of them now are in Dutch museums and a number of them are in the possession of F. A. Haaxman, a resident of the Hague. The rest are missing, though it is hoped that the present Interest in Leewuenlioek may result in the discovery of them. Haaxman thinks that there must be a number of them somewhere in Holland. s a u Stubborn Traits LEEUWENHOEK made many important discoveries besides that of the existence of bacteria. Among them was the discovery of the red corpuscles of the blood. It was on Aug. 15. 1673, that Leewuenhoek, while examining a drop of his own blood, discovered the existence of the red corpuscles He communicated this discover} to the Royal Society of London on April 24, 1674. The lapse of time between those dates will serve to call attention to the fact that he was in no hurry to make his discoveries public. But more than that was involved. Leeweunhoek always wanted to be sure that he was right. The stubborn trait that made him grind away year after year at his microscopes, keeping his methods and his microscopes secret, and the active curiosity which caused him to examine everything that caught his fancy under the microscope were matched by an iron determination to be absolutely right about what he saw. On a later occasion, in a letter to the Royal society on June 9, 1699. Leeuewnhoek reveals a great deal of his character. He writes: “Regarding my glasses, I will not boast. I make them as well as is in my power. For many years the lenses have been better mounted. On the grinding and mounting of a lense much depends. ‘I have known those who ground lenses and who considered themselves competent to do so, but were not fitted for the work, because they could not tell an incorrectly ground lens from a correctly ground one. “As one is able to discriminate between a good and a poor lense, by so much is one able to fashion a perfect lens.” a Glasses Deceive AND then Leeuwenhoek goes on in this same letter to make a most illuminating remark about the use of a microscope. The truth will be attested by every biologist today, from the professor who has worked in the laboratory for years to the freshman who just has had his first look at an amoeba under the lens. Leeuwenhoek continues: “And if one has made a perfect lens and tries to make new discoveries with it, one must not judge his discoveries at first sight, but must see them often. “To brag, to make a noise about a thing commonly is called to see through a glass. When one looks through a glass at first, one may see one thing and later another thing, and when one investigates the findings they may be false. “It is easy for people, even those who are accustomed to look through glasses, to be deceived, to be misled.” The drawings which Leeuwenhoek made of the red blood corpuscles showed that he was not mistaken in what he saw. His drawings show that he noted a darker spot or nucleus in each corpuscle. Leeuwenhoek used a number of rather arbitrary expressions to denote size. One of them was a grain of sand. He writes that 100 “blood disks.’* as he called the corpuscles, if placed in a row. would equal the diameter of a grain of sand. He also examined the blood of many animals, birds, and fish and found the blood corpuscles to be present in each case.

Daily Thought

And King Solomon passed all the kings of the earth in riches and In wisdom.—ll Chronicles 09:22. Wisdom—man’s best friend.—Gladstone.