Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 250, Indianapolis, Marion County, 26 February 1931 — Page 4

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'AUCt

Mussolini and Stimson Secretary of State Stimson has given more ammunition to the group attacking the Hoover administrations as pro-Fasciat. He has refused to see a delegation of American citizens with documentary evidence of alleged subversive efforts of Mussolini’s agents in this country. This delegation of Americans at Italian origin charge that the Fascist League of North America, which Btlmson ordered disbanded, has been revived mder another name; that the Italian ambassador and certain consuls have attempted to exert improper propaganda influence here, and that agents of the Italian secret police are operating extensively In this country. Whether these charges contain any parcel of truth, he public has no way of knowing. But they are too erious to ignore. In justice to the Italian ambassador and other Mussolini representatives here, as well as o the United States government, they should be proved or disproved. Anyway, the right of petition Is fundamental in a democracy. If a delegation of American citizens wants to petition the state department or any other government department, the door should not be dammed in Its face. If In this case Stimson had no time to listen to he delegation, he should have turned the job over to one of his numerous aids. These charges can not be covered up so easily •Soon or late, they must be faced. Big Bill To laugh or to cry? That is the question when the press announced the Republican primary victory of Mayor William Hale Thompson of Chicago. We are Inclined to do both. We laugh when we think how easily this clown beats other political demagogs at their own tricks. But It Is not so funny when we remember that Bill beats the big bass drum to cover up such corruption and racketeering as few cities ever have suffered. With one hand he "knocks the block off” an imaginary King George, and with the other grasps the friendly paw of Scarface A1 Capone. Perhaps Big BUI is not very important In himself. After all, he is only a symptom. It is the disease behind the symptom that counts. As long as the people of Chicago are content with crooked politics, it does not matter much whether the recipient of their votes Is an amusing and open charlatan like Thompson or a more respectable hypocrite. It is not the cheap politician, but the citizens who vote for the cheap politician, that imperil democracy. The people get what they want. Fortunately they uiually want something better than Big Bill. A Government Diet “If a family of five chooses to follow the food guide recently developed by the bureau—a diet entirely adequate from the standpoint of vitamins, minerals and calories—the food allowance can be reduced to $331.76 a year. This figure is an average, collected In fourteen leading cities.” We quote from a statement of the bureau of home economics of the department of agriculture, which is co-operating with the President’s emergency committee for employment to relieve distress. The cost for filling a market basket for five—a father, mother and three children—for a week ranges from $5.88 in Pittsburgh to $7.03 in New York, we are advised. Perhaps this is true, and a family of five could save itself from starvation on that budget. But less than a dollar a day to provide meals for five persons seems a pitifully small amount, as any housewife would tell you. The Work of the bureau doubtless is helpful, but there is the added problem for some seven million persons as to where the $331.76 a year is to come from. The Tariff Boomerang January foreign trade declined to the lowest point in ten years, according to statistics from the department of commerce. Exports were 40 per cent below the same month of last year. Imports were 41 per cent less. Export trade had the lowest valuation of any month since December, 1914. Other countries are suffering depression and that is a factor in curtailing trade. But the main cause is the high rates of the Hawley-Smoot tariff. What was predicted has happened. The "safety margin” of export trade which absorbed our production surplus—and kept men at work—is being wiped out. John McHugh, chairman of the executive committee of the Chase National bank of New York, is expressing the virtually unanimous opinion of economists and business experts, when he says: “It is time to consider downward tariff adjustments, designed to permit the foreigner to sell enough goods in our market to put him in possession of dollars that in turn will enable him to carry the volume of exports necessary to keep a balanced situation in the United States.” Income Taxes Income taxes due in March will be higher this year, for the first time since the war. There have been successive reductions since 1931. But the 1 per cent reduction to all classes of taxpayers, which applied to last year’s payments, will not be effective this year. The reduction was temporary, and will not be extended by congress, because of the condition of federal finances. The man with a net income of $4,000 or less will pay three times as much as he did last year, and the man with larger income will pay 1 per cent more in all brackets. Meantime, federal expenditures are growing, and there are unusual demands on the treasury. Receipt* from income taxes, corporation taxes, the tariff, and other sources, have been declining sharply. Secretary Mellon estimates a deficit of $500,000,000 when the fiscal year ends next June 30. Originally he predicted a shortage of $110,000,000. The government may be able to meet its deficit this year through curtailment of loan retirement, use of Its emergency balance, through a bond issue, or through short-time borrowing. But the problem of meeting expenses will remain. Probably taxes must increase next year. Those with small incomes have suffered most from the depression. If there are to be further increases, they should be applied not to the lower brackets, but to the surtaxes of the rich. The “Chinee Crew” New complaints from officials of the Mexican embassy as to treatment of Mexican workers in the Alaska salmon canneries recall a sensational expose of this amazing "Chinese contract system,” published several years ago by Scrlpps-Howard newspapers. N Disguised as a salmon hand, Reiurter\Max Stem

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIFPB-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Co_ 214-220 Well Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marlon County, 2 cent* a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents— delivered by carrier, 12 centa a week. BOYD HURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FfeANK O. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager PHONE— Riley MM THORBDAT, FEB. M. 1831. Member of United Press, Scrlpps-Howard Newapaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service nnd Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

shipped out of San Francisco on the old Emily Whitney, one of the notorious “hell ships” of the Pacific coast salmon canning fleet. For thirty-three days he lived in the stinking fo’castle of this old windjammer. For a month he worked in one of the worst of the Alaskan salmon canneries. Then he escaped from his Chinese boss and told the story. * What he found still exists. The old fleet of windjammers has been replaced largely by steam vessels and the sentence of misery has been cut down. But that strange anachronism, the Chinese contract system, persists. A hangover from the California mining days this is, when Chinese did the rough work for the miners, it has no conceivable place In a modem world. Yet thousands of men each year hire out to Chinese bosses, are paid miserable wages, worked long hours, encouraged to spend their wages with Chinese and white outfitters, gamblers and other exploiters. A system of fines agreed to in the contract further cuts down the net earnings for the five-month season. Often the salmon worker returns actually In debt to the Chinese contractor after slaving a whole season. The remedy is simple. Abolish the Chinese contract system by having the company hire all their hands directly. Big improvements have been made by the salmon companies in housing and in transportation. Tie fishermen, possibly because they have a strong union, are hired directly by the companies. The unskilled labor still is hired under a system that belongs to a past generation. If the companies refuse to modernize their labor system, they should be forced to do so by law. Tie ‘Chinee crew” is a disgrace to American industry. Andy Mellon, loathe to part with the cash voted for certain appropriations, might, of course, prevail upon congress to observe Thrift week. It won’t be long now before the first symptoms of love sickness will begin to show you know, those "dizzy” spells. A professor asks why it Is good times always approach when women’s skirts grow shorter. Well, in the old times it meant more hustle and bustle. A head lamp has been invited for pedestrian. Now when they vidlftte a traffic rule they’ll surely be accused of being lighted up. Silver is said to be at its lowest value in years. This >eems to be the right time to reline those clouds. A professor In an Ohio university says potatoes may yet provide rubber. When the time arrives they’ll probably be called inner tubers. A group of physicians gave an annual art exhibition in New York recently. Did the admiring spectators open their mouths instinctively and say "Ah?” A physicians’ art exhibit is not to be taken too lightly. Some of the medicos probably are famed for their iodine paintings. The United States exported more than 27,000,000 artificial teeth last year. No wonder we are represented so falsely abroad. Hot-headed members of the Austrian parliament threw ink pots at each other. The country well may regard this as a blot on its legislative history. A1 Capone is insulted because General Smedley Butler said he ought to be deported. Now maybe A1 expects an apology from the government. “Let’s hope there’ll be no hard feelings,” as the wary patient said to the chiropractor. All writers who have had manuscripts rejected will envy the position of Erich Remarque, author of "All Quiet on the Western Front.” With twenty-one publishers after his next book, he must reject twenty of them.

REASON

HERE’S something that’s not calculated to make you bend double when you bow to the goddess of liberty. Howard E. White, a Princeton graduate, a lawyer and a man of social prominence, is paroled from Sing Sing after serving one year for stealing $500,000 from his clients. a a a Had he been an ignorant man, a hod carrier and of no social prominence with the four hundred, and had he stolen just five dollars, the chances are that he would have stayed in Sing Sing for some time to come. And still some wonder why common folks do not worship constituted authority. a a a WHEN you are young and listen to Fourth of July speeches and inhale the fragrance of the proposition that all men are equal before the law, you think a republican form of government is the last word in human justice, but as you go down through the years and see the hideous face of influence at every turn, you have your doubts. ana We are not quite ready to trade off the establishment we have, but the fact does remain that monarchies, along with their defects and abuses, do have one great advantage and it is that the majesty of authority is accepted by high and low and respect for law is inborn. And for their crimes the high suffer far more than in so-called popular government. a a a NOT so long ago, for instance, a very prominent member of the British parliament violated the law and he was sent to prison so swiftly that the wind blew through his whiskers. Yet here where we boast of the equality of men before the lav/, ex-Secretary Fall still plays horse with the U. S. A. years and years after his indictment. a a a A day or so ago the supreme court of Illinois granted anew trial to “Baby Face Doody,” a notorious killer of Chicago, who was captured and convicted after a very great effort on the part of the authorities. If the machine doesn’t >reak down in one place it does in another. a a a AND right here in Indiana, our supreme court twice saved from the chair a confessed killer of a policeman. Finally he was tried and given a sentence for manslaughter, and no doubt after two or three years he will be let out. a a a Some day these chickens will come home to roost in America. You and I may not be here to serve on the reception committee: but the chicker* will come just the sameL • r rmrr ~

RY FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

At Its Present Rate of Speed the Government Should Be Able to Distribute Its Relief Money in Time for the Next Drought. FT. WORTH, Tex., Feb. 26—0. S. Fisher, extension agronomist in the department of agriculture, arrives in Ft. Worth to open headquarters for federal drought relief in Texas. After he has found a suitable place and assembled twenty-five or thirty clerks and accountants to assist him, those farmers who still lack seed, tools or gasoline for their tractors can borrow a little money, provided they have been approved by the “county loan committee,” and are willing to give a first mortgage on the forthcoming crop. According to a statement just issued at Washington, nearly $3,000,000 of the $45,000,000 voted by congress has been loaned to farmers thus far—about 7 per cent. Some speed. The government should be able to distribute the remaining S3 per cent in time to take care of the next drought. a m The People Rebel LAST month, the people of Ft. Worth went on record as favoring a municipal gas plant. Their action in this respect would not be important or interesting to outsiders but for the cause and setup which led them to take it. Hundreds of communities, not only here in Texas, but in many other parts of the country, face a similar situation, however, and that makes it news. Just another case of the local cow being milked by a holding company, with no adequate relief at law. The Ft. Worth Gas Company, which sells to city consumers, and the Lone Star Gas Company, which brings the gas from the field through a pipeline and wholesales it at the city gate, belong to a Pittsburgh corporation. The city has power to regulate rates charged by the distributing company within its limits, provided it does not make them confiscatory, but it has no power to regulate rates on the outside. No matter how much the pipeline company charges the distributing company for gas, the city must stand for it. Since both belong to a parent corporation, and since the parent corporation can arrange any kind of contract it wants between them, the city has no way of getting a decent rate for its consumers, except by putting in a plant of its own and contracting for gas with some other pipeline company. tt n a Act to Curb 'Piracy’ THE same outfit that supplies Ft. Worth with gas also supplies it to some 20 other cities and towns in this section, at least seventy-five of which can be described as important. Each and every one of these cities and towns has been stirred up by Ft. Worth’s action, and it looks as though a large portion of them would pursue the same tactics. There is plenty of gas and there are plenty of pipeline companies willing to furnish it at a reasonable wholesale rate, provided they can be assured the communities are in earnest. Meanwhile, a bill has ben introduced at Austin to investigate the entire public utility situation, with a view to creating a form of sate-wide regulation that w r ould prevent a holding company from overcharging a town or city by arbitrarily hiking the price at the gate outside its limits. tt ft tt Capone Takes Spotlight SENATOR DAVIS of Pennsylvania appears before the senate lobby committee to deny that he ever took anything from anybody in connection with the sugar tariff. His action is all the more surprising because no one can be found to accuse him of doing so. Equally unexpected and spectacular was the voluntary appearance of “Scarface” A1 Capone before a federal court in Chicago to answer a two-year-old contempt charge and his arrest by Chicago police as he was leaving the courtroom. No doubt, Mr. Capone regarded the morning of his triumph in renominating “Big Bill” Thompson as an auspicious moment in which to clean things up, but better men than he have made mistakes, and who knows? At all events, the generalissimo of Chicago’s racket now must prove that he is not a "public enemy” within the strictest meaning of the word, and though he apparently has been vindicated by the Republican party, the city at large remains to be heard from. If Chicago does not go Democratic this trip, repudiating not only the Thompson regime, but the gangs that are back of it, outsiders will be pardoned for suspecting that the town really enjoys its bad repute and that their sympathy has been wasted. But James Hamilton Lewis won and there Is hope.

Questions and

Answers

What is the address of Irving Berlin? 1607 Broadway, New York. How may sex be distinguished in a pigeon? The following differences are apparent: Males are usually larger than females, coarser in appearance, and noisier. They are generally on the nest during the daytime, and the females during the night. Males are more pugnacious, and may be seen driving their mates to the nest. The male breast bone is longer than the female’s. If you sieze a bird by the beak and legs and draw them apart, the female throws its tail up and the male hangs it close to the body. Who holds the world record for deep-sea diving? William Beebe and Otis Barton, in a steel ball with fused quartz windows descended to a depth of 1,426 feet off Nonesuch Island, Bermuda. Their object was to study marine life. This record was made in June, 1930. What is the name of the signature music played by the Coca-Cola radio orchestra? It has no title and was composed especially for the program by Leonard Joy, leader of the orchestra.

Aha! You've Been Keeping Something From Us!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Metallurgic Industry Perils Eyes

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia. the Health Magazine. AMONG all the industries in which workmen are exposed to eye accidents, the metallurgic industries stand well at the head. The figure for these industries varies between 25 and 35 per cent, according to Professor De Lapersonne, president of the International Association for the Prevention of Blindness, and the figure is even higher if related industries, such as railway, motor., and airplane works, are included. The nature of the accident usually is a foreign body in the eye, such as a piece of metal, or a penetrating wound, such as is caused when some flying particle penetrates the tissue. A penetrating wound is always serious, causing blindness in the eye

IT SEEMS TO ME

WEST OP THE HUDSON.—Although the columns of the last few days may have suggested that the conductor of this strip was absent upon an idling trip in search of recreation, that is not the case. I am attending to parental duty and supervising my son through a school vacation. By now I have begun to wonder whether Agua Caliente is precisely the place for an impressionable lad of 12. He runs the risk of gaining the suspicion that his father is an inveterate gambler. Fortunately the rules forbid all minors from entering the Casino, but I am afraid that Heywood Broun is skeptical at such times as I tell him that I am going to wander out to take a hot sulphur bath for purposes of reduction. If I had truly spent all these hours under steam and massage there would be little left of me. But, for that matter, roulette takes a lot out of you. “How much did you lose?” asked the slightly younger Broun the last time I spoke of healing waters and ventured out. “About 65,” I said, and I am afraid that even a minor would catch the slip and realize that it couldn’t have been in pounds of fatty tissue. No, not even in my case, but there is more about which I must worry than the mere matter of setting a bad example. There is no age limit at the race track, and the Broun heir is having his first encounter with the sport ox kings. Worst of all, he is winning. tt * A Lesson FOR all I know, he may believe that picking winners is a likely and a suitable profession. Although it’s true I’ve gambled here, I’ve done my very best to make my own participation in a vice point out a moral lesson. With that end in view I have endeavored sedulously to select losers, and I have succeeded very prettily. The plan was simple. It was my notion that if I lost my shirt here in a Sew days the lad would get a first-hand laboratory demonstration of the evils of gambling and would become convinced that it is a snare and a delusion. But even in a sinister situation some facts of good may yet be found. I am delighted to find myself the father of a studious son. His school reports have been good, but I doubt that he ever went after his mathematics or his Latin with the same zest with which he digs into the dope sheet. Over past performances he bums the midnight oil, and when we reach the track the following day he can name not only the father and mother of every horse, but the grandsire as well. He knows the leading Jockeys and whether the track was fast or slow the last time out. n a a An Experiment IN the beginning I tried to keep the dope sheet out of Woodie’s hands and, failing that, I now am intent on pointing out to him that this is his first experiment in scientific research. I am hoping that his present course of training in obtaining and correlating all the known facts on a particular problem may come in time to help him in his chemistry and physfes. Why shouldn’t a lad havs the

that is injured about fifty times in every 100 cases. It also has been found that a previous infection or unhealthy condition of the eye before an accident is far more likely to result in permanent blindness than an accident happening to a sound eye. This was found to be particularly the case among workmen in northern Africa, many of whom suffer with old infections of the eye, including trachoma or conjunctivitis. Os the greatest importance is immediate treatment of the eye at the time of the accident. Delay always is certain to result in infection and infection means greatly added danger of blindness. For this reason, it is believed that workmen in all factories in which accidents to the eye are fairly frequent should be given information to the following effect: 1. Under no circumstances should

DV HEYWOOD BROUN

same passion to ascertain the breeding and the past performances of sodium chloride which he has for looking up the record of Sim Beau? However, I have no intention of slandering the excellent horses which run hereabouts. I wish, for instance, to extend my felicitations to A1 Jolson. When I noticed that a horse of his named Concord was entered I made a sentimental bet upon the nag of the great comedian. And I must say for Jolson’s horse that it is a most consistent colt—ninth to start, ninth at the half, ninth in

Daily Thought

Blessed is the man that endnreth temptation.—James 1:2. When a man resisteth sin on human motives only, he will not hold out long.—Bishop Wilson.

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—Some time ago I attended a lecture on Soviet Russian conditions by Dr. Baerg at Caleb Mills haU. Personally, I would not insult the intelligence of a group of '-yearold school children of A; v ca with the average education, al among them, by calling such .* dissertation a lecture. His lecture would answer very nicely in place of the bedtime stories of bugaboos, bogey-men or other ghostly and ghastly spook stories frequently resorted to in the past for the purpose of scaring children to bed. The conclusion of his lecture culminated in a prescribed, very prescribed, open forum. I endeavored to get the floor, but to no avail, so I left before the meeting ended. Dr. Baerg talked nearly two hours,

VICTOR HUGO’S BIRTH February 26 ON Feb. 26, 1802, Victor Hugo, the greatest French poet of his century, a distinguished dramatist, novelist, essayist and politician, was bom at Besancon, France. Asa child he was taken in the train of his father, a French general, through southern France and finally Spain, where Iris education was begun at Nobles’ college, Madtid. Hugo married a cousin in 1822. Four years later his tragedy, “Cromwell,” established him the leader of the romantic movement in literature. With the success of his “Ruy Bias,” the French academy admitted Hugo to its membership. To distract himself from the grief occasioned by the drowning of his daughter, Hugo plunged into politics. Created a peer in 1845, he sat In the constituent assembly of France. When he was banished from the country by louis Napoleon, Hugo went to Brussels and London, where he began his “Les Miser - ables,” perhaps lab greatest work. He glad in Paris at the age of 83.

an untrained or inexperienced employe attempt to remove ..any foreign body from the eye. 2. Immediately after an accident, the eye may be bathed with suitable mild aseptic solutions, preferably a weak solution of boric acid made with sterilized water. 3. The eye should be covered with a sterile Dandage moistened with this solution. 4. The person whose eye is Involved should be sent immediately to the physician, who is in charge of such cases. If the factory or workshop does not have a first aid department, arrangements should be made with some nearby hospital or medical institution to give prompt attention to such cases. This will mean the avoidance of a great deal of unnecessary blindness and furthermore a much shorter period of disability then otherwise is the case.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one ot America’s most Interesting writers and are presented without retard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

the stretch and ninth at the finish. When you bet on a horse like that there is no occasion for worry. 8 tt 11 It’s Honor YOU know jlist where you stand every minute. But before returning to New York I want to try a little scientific research of my own. In Tia Juana stands a bar which featured a drink called pisco punch, which is said to be compounded out of Peruvian brandy. And above the bar there hangs a blatant and offensive sign which proclaims: “Not more than three pisco punches to any one customer.” The legend is that even two will toss a patron for a ten-yard loss. I’m going down now to order four. They can’t dare me in that way, and if these are the last words from me, please remember that I did it all for science and the honor of Manhattan. (Copyright. 1931. by The Time#)

longer than any other man I ever listened to, to say nothing. I would have left sooner, had it not been for the expectation of possibly hearing something, but he said nothing, after talking nearly two hours, except to defend in his weak, supine way, the most deplorable conditions that ever existed in this country, and at the same time expose his .own ignorance of the subject on which he was billed to speak— Communism. He failed to exhibit any understanding whatever of the term Communism, and I doubt greatly whether he could define the word, let alone tell us about its origin or derivation, or who was the founder of Communism, and its part and beneficent purpose in God’s great plan of spiritual and material redemption for the world. He deprecated the efforts of the Russian people, in trying to right the wrongs Inflicted upon them, a laudable and commendable effort, in my estimation. On the other hand, Dr. Baerg seems to think it would be much better to turn back the wheels of time and transport the country to the regime of Romanoffs, a dynasty that ruled over Russia more than 400 years, and reopen the darkest and blackest pages in Russian history, pages filled with oppression of the poor

Seafood for Lent You will be surprised at the many ways and the attractive dishes that can be prepared from various kinds of fish and seafood. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you in this Le ien season anew bulletin on fish and seafood cookery with a collection of recipes on the subject that you will want to have in your cook book for future reference. Fill out the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE - Dept. Jl7, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. NAME STREET AND NO crrY STATE I am a reader of Tin Indianapolis Times. (Code Noj

FEB. 26, 1931

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ Butterflies Emulate Birds and.* Make Migrations, Biologist Finds. BUTTERFLY migrations, resembling in some particulars the migrations of birds, take place, according to Dr. Austin H. Clark, distinguished biologist of the Smithsonian Institution of Washington. “Great multitudes of butterflies, flying steadily onward in * definite direction after the fashion of the flocks of birds which pass south in autumn and return in spring, often - have been reported,” he says. “Indeed, in many regions these mass movements of the butterflies are so very striking that no one can fail to notice them." Clark calls attention to the fact that there are important differences between the migrations of birds and those of butterflies. "Bird migrations are typically movements of a very definite nature from the breeding grounds to another region more or leas remote and back again, usually by the same path,” he says. “In the case of birds, th round trip is completed several or many times in the life of each of the individuals, and the movement usually involves all individuals of a species in a given breeding area.” tt tt tt One Direction BUTTERFLY migrations rarely involve more than a portion, and very often only a small portion of the individuals in any given region, Clark says. "So far as the individuals are concerned, the migrations are in om 1 direction only, and so far as the species is concerned, there seldom is any definite Indication of a return movement,” he continues. “There also are other differences between migrations of birds and socalled migrations of butterflies, but there also are some curious correspondences. “The* problem of the so-called migrations of butterflies Is a very complex one, involving a great number of diverse factors. “In some butterflies, migration is a regularly recurrent, usually annual, phenomenon, while in others it takes place only occasionally. In some it is more or less characteristic of certain forms within a species, but never occurs in alternate forms. “It is probable that many butterflies not usually so regarded are in reality migratory, traveling always as independent individuals and chiefly at night. “Most migratory movements among ttys butterflies seem to be traceable to three causes—first, the natural propensity of a gregarious species to wander; second, the inability of the males of certain spe- 1 cies to live together if their number in a given area exceeds a more or less definite maximum, and third, destruction of the food plant, or some other adverse circumstance affecting a more or less extensive region.” nun Milkweed Butterfly WITHIN the last few years, Clark has made extensive observations of butterflies In the general region of Washington and. the District of Columbia. "The milkweed butterfly normally is not very common in this region, six or eight, perhaps as many as a dozen, but seldom more, being seen in a large field at the end of the season. "It was unusually scarce in the dry summer of 1930. On Sept. 15 in the extensive meadows west of Cabin John only four or five were to be found. “On Sept. 16 there was a heavy shower in the afternoon. On Sept. 17, these butterflies had increased enormously in numbers, and those present in the meadows were without exception quite fresh; furthermore, by far the greater part of those captured were males. A visit on the following day showed this insect to be still more numerous, out-numbering all the other kinds of butterflies combined, while of those captured a slight majority were females. “On Sept. 17—The day of their first appearance it large numbers—the individual butterflies were more or less evenly distributed over the fields, feeding everywhere on the goldenrod and also on the few and widely scattered thistles. “On the next day conditions were i about the same, but sometimes as many as four or five would be seen on a single thistle. “On the succeeding day it was noticed that the butterflies had to a certain extent become gregarious. “They no longer were distributed evenly over the field but were to be found in more or less widely separated areas, when, for instance, from half a dozen to a dozen would be feeding on the goldenrod in a space ten or fifteen feet square.” On which finger should class rings be worn? Either on the little or the third finger. J.t Is a matter of personal taste. and downtrodden, with treacherous intrigues, despotic tyranny and the most diabolical horrors, and revive again the divine right of kings to rule, the identical things that brought about the birth of America. In other words, it is tantamount to saying he thinks it would have been better had America never been born. Perhaps in his servility to the powers that be, if he dared, he would say that free America ought to commit suicide and return to the old regime of rule by divine right. WHJjIAM MARSHALL SR. 1401 Hoyt avenue.