Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 224, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 January 1931 — Page 4

PAGE 4

Mp.

sen i nnj -howkmd

Keeping the Faith Not at all unexpected is the very vigorous effort being made to defeat the passage of an old age pension law, even though the people emphatically indorsed this forward step at the last election. The professional agitators for the rich and Bourbon editorial minds have a great fear of “pauperizing” the people. They have no fear, apparently, of the Elizabethan scheme of condemning the aged to poorhouses for the dual crime of being old and poor. Twelve other states have already adopted this humanitarian program sponsored by the Eagles and organized labor and the wisdom and humanity of this plan of caring for the aged who have met misfortune are backed by experience. This measure furnishes a test of the membership of the legislature in two directions. It tests the hearts of the individual members. It tests the Democratic party as a whole, for that party gave a very definite pledge to support this law. Even though the measure has this party indorsement, it is not a partisan matter, for its provisions are as broad as humanity itself and its appeal should be universal. The test of the Democratic members is plain and open. The measure presented by the Eagles represents the results of years of experience in other states. It contains woikable and practical provisions. One of the ways of killipg progressive legislation is to* inject provisions that take away from the law its spirit and effectiveness. Efforts to place the age limit at a point reached by very few must be classed as unfriendly acts, intended to nullify the law and repudiate a promise to the people. Democratic leadership will demonstrate its sincerity in proportion to the zeal it shows to make the law effective and applicable to those for whom such relief is needed. Republican leadership has its opportunity to demonstrate that, fundamentally, the party is not branded with the dollar mark in all its thinking. Cash for the Veterans Action of the national executive committee of the .American Legion indorsing the cash payment of adjusted service certificates makes that subject a national issue. There had been much agitation in favor of this, but the Legion’s convention in Boston last fall refused to approve it. The action of the committee reverses the convention decision. The committee’s change of front was brought about by the depression and widespread unemployment among veterans. A large number of measures have been introduced in congress authorizing cash payment. The Legion indorsed no particular measure. There are upward of 3,000,000 adjusted service certificates outstanding. They have a face value of probably three and a half billion dollars. Among the proposals most discussed has been that of Representative Patman of Texas, who would issue bonds for meeting the cash payments. Patman's arguments are in general those used in support of a bonus—that soldiers suffered during the war, while others profited greatly. His idea is that putting three billions into circulation would revive prosperity. It should be noted that certificates have a loan value which increases each year to.date of maturity, and that half the veterans have taken advantage of this, most of them borrowing through banks. If a veteran takes complete advantage of his borrowing privilege, he will pay in interest during the life of his certificate about half its face value. It is true that the business obligations of the government were met promptly after the war and that passage of the so-called bonus for the veterans did not take place until 1924. It is equally true that unusual demands are being made on the treasury, that veterans’ relief already approximates a billion a year, that aid already is being extended to some 400,000 persons through compensation, insurance and hospitalization, and that the last congress enacted a pension bill giving veterans with non-service connected disabilities pensions ranging from sl2 to S4O a month, which will increase greatly as the years pass. Also that there are 464,000 pensioners of the Civil and Spanish-American wars still on the rolls, and that their pensions were increased largely at the last session of congress. Seven Governors While congress continues to eye askance all proposals for unemployment insurance, the Governors of seven states have met and agreed to study what insurance can do to prevent starvation and w r ant and crime in the future. It will examine the experience of European countries with unemployment insurance, the voluntary industrial insurance systems that have been established here, and the merits of various unemployment insurance bills drafted this winter. It will study, also, existing public and private employment agencies, and present methods of collecting unemployment statistics. The Governors of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Rhode Island, Connecticut and Massachusetts are taking part in this movement, and they deserve commendation for it. No matter how busy we are, meeting the problems and the distress of this winter, it is necessary that we plan now to prevent such catastrophies in the future. When better days come, we will forget, until depression descends once more upon us and it is too late to ward off its misery. If unemployment insurance can keep men and women from starving when the rapidly changing processes of industry throw them out of work through no fault of their own; If it can supply them with means of buying the necessities of life and at the same time of creating a market for Industries that otherwise might have to close and throw more men out of work, then unemployment insurance is worth studying and worth trying. If our “American system” is to endure, with all its benefits to the individual, its abuses f|ust fremedied. First of all, the American people must eat.

The Indianapolis Times (A BCKIPPB-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by Tbe Indianapolis Times Publishing Co--214-220 VVeat Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marlon County. 2 centa a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. W. HOWARD. FRANK G MORRISON? Editor Prealdent Buslnoaa Manager PHONE—Riley BOM TPEBDAY. JAN. 27, 1931. Member of United Preaa. Bcrlpj.s-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way?’

And eat they can not, unless we move faster and more intelligently toward eliminating unemployment in the future. Smokestacks and Cornstalks Preliminary figures by Director William M. Steuart of the census bureau reveal two vital changes taking place In America. The first Is that the industrialization of this country has continued as a rapid process in the last decade. The other is that production of food is tending to become a western affair. , Since 1920, Steuart estimates, the nation has suffered a net loss of 160,469 farms. Whereas twenty years ago one-third of our people lived on farms, today the percentage is between 22 and 23 per cent. In that time nearly 5,000,000 people have moved cityward. Not quite four persons out of every five now live in cities. Os course, industrialization has hit the farm regions and accounts for many mergers, larger farms, machine farming on the grand scale. We are producing more food on 150,000 fewer farms because of the tractor, the thresher and other labor-saving devices. But the fact remains that smokestacks are growing faster than cornstalks. Another arresting fact is that because of irrigation, longer growing seasons, virgin soi l and other factors, farm production is moving westward. Losses in farms are recorded in twenty-five states and only three of these—Montana, Missouri and Idaho—are west of the Mississippi. New England loses*3o,ooo farms; New York, 33,000; Pennsylvania, 30,000; Ohio, 37,000; Indiana, 23,000Michigan, 26,000; Illinois, 22,000. Total losses in these twenty-five states are 377,101 farms. Increases of 226,632 farms are recorded in twentythree states. King Cotton has held his own, for in the southern cotton belt the farms have increased. Texas gains 60,000; Oklahoma, 12,000; Louisiana, 26,000; Mississippi, 40,000; Arkansas, 1,000, and Florida, 5,000. In the irrigation states, big gains also have been recorded—California with 18,000 new farms, Oregon and Washington each with 5,000, Arizona with 3,200 and New Mexico with 1,500. To those who bewail the loss of spiritual values that come from contacts with growing things, the 1930 census will give some comfort. The movement away from the farms that began so alarmingly twenty years ago is slackening and losing its momentum. When farm life in America is made attractive, both economically and socially, this movement should reverse itself. Then, indeed, the nation will breathe easier, in the assurance that its foundation is secure. The Teachers Win Seattle school teachers have won a fight which they never should have had to make. Their board of education attempted to make them sign “yellow dog” contracts before employing them for this year s school term. The teachers were asked to promise that they would not join the American Federation of Teachers during their term of employment and one of their number refused and was dismissed. The teachers’ union brought suit, testing the right of the school board to take this stand, and the Washington supreme court upheld the school board. However, the board, seeing the error of its way, perhaps, or perhaps just wishing to avoid further criticism, has taken the “yellow dog” clause from its contracts. What kind of youngsters will our schools turn out tomorrow if they are to be taught by teachers forbidden to think about economic problems, to exercise tb# right they believe they possess under the Constitution to association for their mutual benefit; forced by economic necessity to accept work under conditions they consider servile? If they keep on filming Bernard Shaw's plays, it won’t be long before they’ll be calling them “the Shawkies.” • Many folks who don’t believe in signs have considerable respect for the dollar sign. Hsuan Tung, China's “boy emperor,” says he wants to become a tennis star. As though he doesn’t shine in court as it is.

REASON

THE other day a group of Chicago citizens went to Washington to ask congress to appropriate money to help them put on their world’s fair in 1933, and congress should have told them to go back home and twist the tail of organized crime, then come back and report on results. St ft ft There is no doubt in this world that crime flourishes in Chicago because it has a direct connection with government, and if this tie were cut it would be easy to handle it. The recent raid of this hotel, so long immune, in which a carload of damaging documents was found, proves the illicit bond between officials and criminals. IF the decent people of Chicago have not enough getup about them to clean their house they can not expect the people of the whole country to go down into their clothes and advertise their house to the wide world through the medium of a great exposition. a * And unless Chicago cleans up things she would better not have a fair, for the public generally feels that it would be taking its life in its hand to go there. This is not so; people would be perfectly safe, but the other impression is abroad, so we would say to Chicago: “Clean house or call off your show!” 8 8 8 There's a lot of monkey business at Washington about this relief business. How the money is to be raised is but a side issue, the main proposition being that it be provided and distributed at the earliest possible moment. 8 8 8 THE Pesident doesn't like congress and congress doesnt like the President, but as to this quarrel, the people care absolutely nothing. What they want is action. They want this relief sent to these people before they die. 8 8 8 The quickest way is the best way, and the quickest way is to have congress appropriate the money and have Hoover O. K. it. To raise it by popular subscription will take time, and in the meantime the suffering will pay the penalty. Vaudeville over the radio and by airplanes is not what these people want; they want food and fuel and clothes. 8 8 8 We have voted millions and hundreds of millions out of the federal treasury to help the big people and now it’s time to vote something to help the little people. And they would enjoy it more # they got it while they’re still on earth. *

RY FREDERICK LANDIS

_ THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy

SAYS:-

Haven't We Gone a Little Too Far in Our Worship of Gold as an Arbiter of Credit? SAN DIEGO, Cal., Jan. 27.—1 t was only eighty-three years ago last Saturday that gold was discovered in California—a mere flake of It seen accidentally by a man who was builf 3 a mill race. No dci’bt, the American people ultimately would have rec agnized and developed the greater sources of wealth which make California what it is, but that flake of gold certainly did a lot to speed them up. What is there about gold that makes us poor mortals love it so, or trusts it with such blind confidence? There isn’t enough gold in all the world to operate the American auto industry for a single year, and yet it has become the determining factor of credit throughout the world. No matter how much a nation may be worth, or can produoe, it is not regarded as solvent, unless it has about so much gold. Even Soviet Russia has found it necessary to create a gold reserve. # u Works for Centuries SINCE 1848, California has produced a total of $1,842,000,000 in gold, wliich about equals the value of her farm produce each three years. In 1930 she produced only $9,000,000 in gold, while she produced more than $300,000,000 in oil. The difference is that another twelve months will have seen most of the oil go up in smoke, while, if history repeats itself, most of the gold will be present and at work a thousand years hence. It is not the glitter, the rarity, or the weight, but the durability and adaptability of gold that make men cherish it. No other metal is easier to shape, or harder to destroy. The original flake discovered in California now reposes in the Smithsonian institution at Washington, just as bright and just as pure as it was when Marshall first saw it. The same was true of the gold that Howard Carter found in King Tut’s tomb, where it had lain buried for more than thirty centuries. But, and making allowance for all that, haven’t we gone a little too far in our worship of gold as anarbiter of credit? u n u Gold Is Ruler THIS country’s actual wealth is estimated at somewhat more than three hundred billion dollars, yet it is regarded as solvent chiefly because it has three billion dollars in gold on tap. Asa matter of fact, it is regarded as rather too solvent on that very account, as having more than its share of gold and as likely to hurt its own trade because some other countries haven’t enough to maintain the necessary credit. We are learning, though rather slowly, that the comparatively small amount of gold in existence makes it possible for countries in an advantageous position to get more than is good for them, and that if gold is to be retained as the all-impor-tant economic yardstick something must be done to guarantee its equitable distribution. Thus, though no one appears to have foreseen it, until the actual necessity arose, we come to the world bank idea. 8 8 8 World Must Share Supply THE world bank idea grew out of the reparations jam, just as the League of Nations idea grew out of the war, which led to that jam, but it all goss back to the widening interdependence of all people, especially as revealed by gold. Civilization has come to a point where it needs markets and raw materials in evei-y quarter of the globe, where it can not survive unless channels of exchange are kept open. Maintenance of order is one way to keep those channels open, while the equitable distribution of gold is another. There would be little use in guaranteeing peace, if at the same time large numbers of people were to be deprived of their buying power through lack of gold. Yet that is the actual condition we face today. France has rather less than she needs and Germany, Italy, Spain and most other countries have nowhere nearly enough. As long as we attach more importance to one million dollers’ worth of gold than we do to one billion dollars’ worth of land, man power, or machinery, we must see to it that the supply is fairly prorated.

Questions and Answers

Has Senator Joseph T. Robinson of Arkansas ever served in the house of representatives? How long has he been in the senate? He was a member of the house of representatives from December, 1891, until he resigned, Jan. 14, 1913, to become Governor of the state. He took his seat in the United States senate on March 10, 1913, after serving less than two months as Governor. How many immigrants entering the United States in the fiscal year ended June, 1929, came from quota countries and-how many nonquota countries? Os the 479,327 aliens admitted, 146.918 came as immigrants charged to quotas; 101,007 were returning residents and 97,251 came from nonquota countries, principally Canada and Mexico. Who invented the radio? Radio communication is not an invention. The theory was known long before anyone was able to apply ic in practice. Marconi was the first to devise a suitable apparatus. Where is the late Czar Nicholas II of Russia buried? Hi<? body, together with those of his wife tmd children, was removed to an isolated spot in the neighborhood of Ekaterinburg and destroyed by fire, after having been soaked with petroleum. How many men turn out for football at Notre Dame university and how many are selected each year for the squad? " About 600 turn out each year, and Coach Rockne selects about 120 of these for his varsity squad! This squad is then divided into several groups, the best players composing the main squad or first team. .... t :1

Little Mite Causes Severe Itching

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor. Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. A LITTLE mite, called Acarus scabiei, burrows into the human skin to lay eggs and as a result sets up an irritation with severe itching. The places usually selected for the burrowing are the skin between the fingers, under the arms and on the lower abdomen. Usually the condition does not spread beyond these areas, but in people who are not particularly careful about bathing and dressing it may involve almost the .entire body. Cases are known in which this

IT SEEMS TO ME

ONE of the chief causes of the Wickersham fiasco was the President’s failure to appoint a capable working newspaper man as a member of the commission. And preferably this member should have been a copyreader. The amazing document screams to the skies for the generous use of a blue pencil. It needs both cutting and clarifying. The very fact that both wets and drys are claiming victory indicates that Mr. Hoover’s notables made a mess of things, in a literary way at least. The job suffered from an ailment very familiar in American public life. Too many lawyers not only spoil the broth, but the chops and the potatoes and the spinach as well. The only thing more inefficient than a lawyer on an expository task is two lawyers. And when half-a dozen are gathered together, a jumble is inevitable. tt tt tt Private Capacity I’M not saying that lawyers are fools. Some of my best friends are lawyers. And I don’t intend that as a non sequitur. The business of a lawyer is litigation. Naturally he will not bend his every effort to arrange words in simple and orderly formations. Just one or two lucid judges could cut down the turnover in the courts by at least 50 per cent. If every man on the supreme court bench was an Oliver Wendell Holmes, there would not be the present unending procession of distinguished counsel marching in and out of Wasnington. It gets to be second nature for men with the so-called legal mind never to tie up a thought completely. There is always the suggestion “to be continued in out next” at the end of all opinions. It is the business of an attorney to keep the clients coming back to his offices. And so, naturally, he doesn’t want any issue entirely disposed of in the first encounter. a a tt They Meant Well PROBABLY the distinguished and venerable jurists who served on the Wickersham board meant well. There is never any botch as complete as that which is made by the utterly sincere. They'did their best, but It was impossible for the lawyer members to get away from the habit of a lifetime. They simply could not avoid setting up an instrument in need of interpretation, explanation, clarification, and endless argument. Legal language is a sort of code. The purpose of that is obvious. If you ask a lawyer for an opinion, he will write out some paragraphs for you which are quite unintelligible. Then, of course, it becomes necessary for the layman to take the document to a second lawyer and pay him to find out what it means. And in most cases there also will be grave need of an explanation of the explanation. And in this way the Choctawlanguage is preserved and lawyers are enabled to pay office rent. tt tt tt Fact Finders BUT Mr. Hoover’s announcement was that he wanted the facts on prohibition. It is mysterious that he should have chosen ro many men from the legal profession to aid in the search. - Why didn’t he enlist members of

Try and Get Away From It!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

itch-mite has gotten into the wardrobes ok costumes of “supers” of theatrical or operatic companies and gradually infested the entire company, so that the subsequent itching interfered with the performance. In children, the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet frequently are attacked. Fortunately, there is a certain method of controlling this condition when properly diagnosed. This method involves the proper use of sulphur, which may be employed in various forms. Usually it is necessary first of all to prescribe a thorough cleansing of the patient with hot water and soap bath. He then rubs his body completely

the profession which actually deals in facts? Three good reporters could have done the job in half the time and at least a hundredfold as well. No competent newspaper man would have dared to toss such a mountain of messy copy on the desk and have the audacity to call it a story. The Wickersham report is a novel by James Joyce, or, possibly, to be a little more exact, it is an imitation of Eugene O’Neill’s “Strange Interlude.” Anybody who reads the whole thing through will find that it is a combination of the conscious and subconscious thoughts of the gentlemen concerned. Thus we have Newton Baker signing a brief statement against repeal and then adding in a personal

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—The tax problem of this dear old state of Indiana seems to be the paramount issue at this time. I, specializing in tax problems, have to laugh at the various boards and commisisons appointed, and various opinions that I have had the pleasure of reading, but the real subject matter has not been mentioned yet. This matter of which I attempt to call your attention to, if some good legislator with backbone would file a bill in this legislature, and it becomes a law, would be the best thing for the relief to the real estate owner. Now having twenty years’ service 'to nothing but taxes of all kinds, I will call your attention, to this. There should be a law passed making it mandatory that each and every bank doing business in Indiana furnish to the local assessor of their county a list of names and addresses of all parties renting safety deposit boxes, and, on March 1, of each year the assessor mail a notice to the owners of these boxes that an inventory must take place In their presence. I know that millions of dollars worth of taxable property are in these boxes and not a cent being paid,

LEWIS CARROLLS BIRTH Jan. 27

ON Jan. 27, Lewis Carroll, pseudonym of Charles Dodgson, an English author famed for his ‘“Alice's Adventures in Wonderland,” was born near Chester, England. Educated at Oxford, he later became a mathematical lecturer at Christ chinch. He was an acute mathematician and fond of devising intricate and ingenious problems. What is considered an important contribution to mathematical literature is his “Euclid and His Modern Rivals,” a work interspersed with jokes and burlesques. He is best noted, however, as the author of "Alice” and the subsequent book of her adventures. “Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There.” “These books, says a critic, “display a delightful combination of mad absurdity and subtle fancy. Their grotesque situation® 1 compose a peculiar literary tradition.”

’with the ointment which any phycian may prescribe and leaves the ointment on overnight. On the next day he takes another hot cleansing bath, receives a completely new outfit of clothing, particularly underclothing, and the treatment is finished. Equally important with the treatment of the disease is the handling of the clothing of the patient. It is necessary in practically every case to disinfect the clothing thoroughly, to destroy every itch-mite that may be present in it or on it. The condition has been described as Cuban itch, French itch, and assigned to various other nationalities, but no nation seems to have a complete monopoly upon it.

uv HEYWOOD BROUN

footnote the information that he favors repeal. The whole thing might have been set in the form of dramatic dialog. 8 8 8 ‘Strange Interlude’ WICKERSHAM: Mr. President, we have studied the problem of prohibition, and we find that it must be preserved and that modification or repeal is unthinkable. (Aside) But, of course, you know as well as I do that it isn’t working now and that it never will work. Enter eight enforcement agents. They sing, “Give me something to remember you by.” They dance. The curtain falls slowly. (Copyright, 1931, by The Times)

and if this could be realized, then the revenue received off these boxes would reduce the tax on real estate 75 per cent. A MEMBER LEGISLATURE, 1925. Editor, Times Two articles in The Times recently, one on “One Needed Law,” and the other, “We Are Blind,” I think are timely and well taken. These articles tersely tell the situation, which to me is appalling at this time. I think I would add to this about the following: “Business suspended, charity to the rescue. “When charity ceases, what then? “A good meal at Thanksgiving may last until Christmas, but how about the meal at Christmas lasting until Thanksgiving? “The cnaritably inclined people in Indianapolis and elsewhere furnished thousands of baskets of food for the hungry at Thanksgiving and did it again at Christmas. They are charitably inclined since then, but are not as operative as they were on the dates mentioned. “If the excessive profits taken by utility organizations were left with the people where they rightfully belong, there would be less suffering and less need of charity.” B. M. RALSTON.

. Famous Spies From the most ancient times commanders of opposing armies have relied upon the work of spies to bring them essential information of enemy movements. And in peace as well as war the work of espionage goes on. There are many spies famous in history Our Washington Bureau has compiled a bulletin on FAMOUS SPIES that tells of the life and work of a great many of them You will find this bulletin full of interesting facts on the dangerous’ work thev engaged in—and of the executions of many who wer* caught This bulletin is especially timely, in connection with the seri-s on “Snies ” which recently appeared in The Times. Fill out the coifcon below and send for it. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 111, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D C. I want a copy of the DuUetln FAMOUS SPIES, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled United States Dostaee stamps to cover return postage and handling costs. Name Street and No t ‘ • State.... , lam a daily reader of She Indianapolis Time. .Code No.)

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one ol America’s most interesting writers and are nre-s-nted without regard to their ;tr-enient or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this nancr.—Tho Editor.

.JAN. 27, 193 V

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ-

! “Science,” Said the Late Dr. E. E. Slosson, “Means Simplification, a Single Rule for a Million Miscella cons Observations” ONE of the great victories of modern science has been its ! ability to trace the organization of the universe from the tiny electron, the smallest known particle of mat- ! ter, to the super-galaxies, the great ; collection of stars such as our own i milky way. It recalls a remark of the late, i Dr. E. E. Slosson, for many years ! the director of the Science Service. “.Science,” wrote Slosson. “means simplification. It substitutes a single rule for a million miscellaLeous observations.” The layman sometimes Uiinks that science has complicated the universe. He hears talk of molecules and atoms and electrons, ot light waves and quanta, of galaxies and super-galaxies, of four-dimen-sional space-time and the curvature of space. These things are unfamiliar to his ears and so he concludes that science is making the world more complex. But actually that is not the case. The world around us may be familiar, but it is "exceedingly complex. As Slosson has noted, there are millions of miscellaneous items to be noted. Liquids freeze with cold and boil with heat. Certain substances burn. There are the thousands upon thousands of chemical changes. Science seeks to simplify these observations by pointing out a few fundamental rules behind them all. 8 8 8 The Fundamentals SCIENCE has found it possible to reduce the familiar but complex universe to a simple but unfamiliar handful of fundamentals. The difficulty for the layman lies in the natural tendency to confuse familiarity with comlexity. Wc naturally assume that the familiar is simple and the unfamiliar complex when, as in this case, the opposite is frequently the real state of affairs. The physicist and the chemist, have found that all the complex facts of their sciences, the thousands of chemical reactions, the changing forms of matter, and the* reactions of matter to the play of energy, can be organized and shown to fit logically into one theory of matter, the atomic theory. According to this theory there are two fundamental units of matter which are electrical in nature. They are the positive and the negative electron. They make up the atoms. There are ninety-two different kinds of atoms, one for each chemical element. The simplest atom is the lightest one, the atom of hydrogen. It consists of a nucleus of one positive electron with which is associated one negative electron. The other atoms are all more complex, having nuclei made up of comtinations of electrons and having more negative electrons associated, with them. The atoms of the chemical elements unite to form the molecule oil the chemical compounds. Thus two atoms of hydrogen unite with one atom of oxygen to form a molecule of water. st n n Forces at Work THE organization of matter into glass, liquid and solids, and the changes from one state to another with temperate changes, is explained easily by the atomic theory. Two forces are at work in the universe. One is the force of attraction. It is the force which causes electrons to unite into atoms, atoms into molecules, gnd molecules into' bulkier masses. If no other force was at work, the eventual end of the universe would be for all the matter in it to coalesce into one mass. The other force is that of motion. If it alone acted in the universe,, the universe would separate into individual electrons scattered to infinity. The physical state of bodies depends upon the balance between the two forces. When motion has the upper hand, the Tesult is a gas. A „ more even balance results in a liquid. When the force of attraction gets the upper hand, the result is a solid. The work of Sir William Bragg and others has shown that the next unit in nature’s scheme of organization after the molecule is the crystal. In solids, molecules arc put together so that there is a regular pattern. This is the basic pattern of the crystal. Thus for example, one atom of silicon and two atoms of oxygen unite to form a molecule of the compound known as silicon dioxide. Quartz is composed of silicon dioxide, but a molecule of silicon dioxide is not quartz. It takes three molecules to form the basic pattern of the quartz crystal. DAILY THOUGHT - " Repeat, and turn yourselves from all your transgressions; so iniquity shall not be your ruin. Ezekiel 18:30. Repentanace is second innocence. —De Bonald.