Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 219, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 January 1931 — Page 6

PAGE 6

*C*IPPS-HOWAMJ

Begin At Home Any effort to make prohibition workable ; or effective may be helped if a little common •enße is used in the various states. The. majority of the Wicker sham committee condemns present conditions of federal enforcement and advised changes in the federal law. But if the Volstead act is bad, the Wright dry law in this state is so monstrous and so much worse that the legislature should give it immediate attention, and either repeal or amend it so that it will no longer act as the brooder for all the evils of Volsteadism and the incubator of more. The Wright law breeds corruption, and one of its provisions was born in corruption. This is the fee of $25 for prosecutors in all liquor cases and a S2OO fee in injunction matters. This was inserted for the professional dry leaders, and during the first years of the law Anti-Saloon League attorneys profited largely by being named as special deputies. This part of the law was intended to furnish the money by which the league would be supported, at least in its so-called legal department. This fee system has been responsible for corruption of public officials and much bad government. There can be no defense for the Wright law ban on the use of whisky as a medicine. Despite the fact that the professional drys declare that all doctors will become bootleggers, science condemns such invasion of its realm. It is notable that three or four years ago the wife of the then Governor was treated with whisky when in a desperate condition and her life saved only by a violation of law. It is more notable that the then attorneygeneral, Arthur Gilliom, made public the fact that his sons were dying and their lives saved by use of whisky which the law forbids in even such extremities. As an honest man and a father, he objected publicly to a law which made him a criminal in order to save the lives of his boys. No law of fanatical parentage can be enforced. The Wright law is not only fanaticism but insanity written into statute. The leaders of the nation are convinced that drastic changes in the Volstead act and the eighteenth amendment must be made if law is to be respected and temperance achieved. The leaders of the state should have courage enough to wipe out the mad child of these two measures and repeal the Wright law at once. Gasoline Funds The effort to free a share of gasoline tax funds for local uses should call attention to the fundamental injustices of the present measure and the necessity for changes in the law. There is no sense, of course, in piling up high funds for uses in the different counties and distributting them once a year. The highway commission gets its money every month. The local units should do the same. If gasoline taxes are to be continued for road purposes, and this seems reasonable, the state should remit to each county and city every month 1 cent out of the 4 cents sent in to be used by cities or counties as they desire and without restriction. The proposal of Representative Weiss has merit. This city pays a large share of the tax. It should receive at least enough to widen the arterial highways. Passed immediately, this law means work for the jobless and a better state transportation system. These funds have been Juggled and borrowed by the highway commission. The legislature should place them beyond the temptation to such unwise and wasteful uses. Besides that, it is plain justice that these should be distributed in proportion to the source of payment. Ten Nights in a Barroom A group of Syracuse parents and teachers have petitioned their board of education to compel revival and application of an old state law which requires that the effects of alcohol and narcotics on the human system be taught in all public schools. This would be splendid if executed in good faith. If the children could get the views of Pearl, Sparling, unbiased physicians and cultivated esthetes like George Nathan on the effect* of liquor on mankind, this proposed education in the principles of alcohol would be invaluable. If they could know what O'Shea, Burnham, Earp, Diehl, Tobey and other specialists on the effects of smoking on the human frame and mind have to say. it would be a boon to humanity. But this is not contemplated. These parents and teachers are not searching for the truth. What they want is “blue-nose" morals, taught under the guise of “scientific physiology.” This is betrayed in the following paragraph from the petition: “We wish the subject adequately taught our children and all other children, so that they never may be addicted to the use of either alcohol or narcotics." The outcome of the “education" is taken for granted. In short, what these good people are thinking of is the fearful and wrongful array of “facts” which we used to get in the school physiologies of a quarter or a half century back. We all remember the famous French soldier who was shot in the stomach and the would never healed. Doctors lifted up the flap and noted that when a drop of alcohol trickled its way into his stomach all digestive activities ceased. What a moment before had been materials designed to rebuild his cells became a poisonous mass. A glasa of whisky before a sleigh-ride meant frozen feet, ears and nose. Three drinks and one was in the shadow of the asylum. A prolonged debauch and our children would be feeble-minded. As much nicotine as one could hold on the point of a needle would topple an elephant into eternity. *Two boxes of “Sweet Caps” would set a boy back a la school. Neither the habitual drurikard cor

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIPPS-HOWACD NEWSPAPER) Owned and pnbllabed daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager phone—Riley CMI Wednesday, jan. ai. issi. Member of United Press, Bcrlppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

the confirmed smoker needed to worry about Osler’j injunction of suicide at 50. His evil habits would have dragged him beneatl the sod long before turning the half century mark And so on. The same mythology still is disseminated In carload lots by the Board of Temperance, Prohibitior and Public Morals of the Methodist Church. Let anybody who doubts it send for a few of their tracts or the subject. A little real education on alcohol, its uses anc abuses, would be the solution of the whole vexing prohibition problem. What we need to know is the actual effect of varying degrees of alcohol on the huma. body and mind. How does it affect health, vigor and longevity' What are the relative results of different types ol drink? When and how should one drink to get the greatest amount of happiness and the least ill effects: Such Information as this not only would make us more healthy, it also would make us more civilized and our lives more worth living. But this never will be possible until we iianklj admit that the greatest happiness of the greatest number right here on earth Is the purpose of hunar life. It will have to be admitted that alcohol anc tobacco, consumed with understanding, can be gieal and potent agencies in increasing happiness and conquering the problems of leisure. As long as the fainted aroma of brimstone permeates our moral atmosphere there can be no rational solution of the alcohol and smoking problems Figure It Out—We Can’t A commission was picked by the President to investigate prohibition. It brought in a report on the failure of enforcement, and by a 7-to-4 vote recommended a change—repeal or modification. But by some hocus pocus a brief official summary was attached which made it appear a dry report. This appeared to make the commission say virtually the opposite of what they said in individual signed statements. No wonder the newspaper headlines conflict, and the public is confused. Asa sample of the untruth of that official summary, it began with the flat statment: “The commission is opposed to repeal of the eighteenth amendment.” In fact, two commissioners favored repeal. It stated: “The commission is opposed to the federal or state governments, as such, going Into the liquor business.” In fact, the commission majority recommended a modification of the eighteenth amendment, which would leave the whole liquor question up to congress, and recommended consideration of a quasi-govemmental dispensary system. This astounding trickery apparently caused one member to refuse to sign the report, and caused all the others to write careful individual statements of reservations to rescue themselves from the deception of that fake summary. Those courageous individual statements leave most of the commissioners with clean hands. But there is dirt somewhere. Whence came the pressure for this deception? From inside or outside? From politicians or fanatics? Some day someone is going to publish the facts concerning this, and then somebody will hear from the public. Meanwhile, the President has made a bad matter worse by sending a separate summary of his own to congress which follows the misleading summary written by—by whom? As the word corpulent was heard used in a sentence at the police station the other day: “Who is that corpulent five bucks to the other day?” Lloyd George blames too much coal as being responsible for unemployment. Or, as the British might say, “Old King Coal is a merry old dole.” Silent air pistols were found recently on Chicago gangsters. Now we know what reports mean which say underworld activities are quieter. A writer wants to know what has become of all the dime novels. They’re probably running as serial stories in some of the 25 cent monthlies. The fact that wheat consumption has declined greatly in America leads Cynical Sadie to observe that conditions have gone against the grain. The fellow who leads the college yells, says the office sage, would do well to observe the Christmas card sentiment: “Good cheer throughout the year.”

REASON

OAVOLDI, Notre Dame’s former football star, is to Hollywood to give the pictures a whirl. Savoldi may be a greater actor than Arliss. though we doubt it, but he’s going to be badly handicapped by one thing—he has been married only once. a a a Clara Bow would better watch her step or she may find herself on the outside looking in, for when one of the dear things makes it so strong that it threatens to pin a quarantine sign on the business, the grand moguls have a way of handing the fairy her hat. a a a Anybody that s able to break into the pictures with their resulting coin and glory, should sit up nights taking a correspondence course in how to be gooc, for in no other place in this world does one go so far on so little. a a a WE used to be told how southern chivalry always hit on all cylinders when a lady in distress was involved and so we thought Tom Mix might be mobbed when he went into that Mississippi court house to wangle with one cr two of his ex-wives about their monthly allowances, but far be such a thing from present day Mississippi. a a a Instead of registering volcanic rumblings, Mississippi parked her chivairic devotion to the fair and lavished her affection upon Mix as he entered the court room, clad in riding habit with gold spurs and ten-gallon hat. a a a' It’s interesting to run up and down the inventory of the desires of the truly great. For instance, one reads that when Mix signed up with the circus, he stipulated that he was to have a salary of SIO,OOO per week, a private car, two horses, an imported automobile and accommodations for seven people. a a a MUCH more impressive than the layout with which Thomas Jefferson, according to our old school histories, went to Washington to take the oath of office as President. The old familiar story is that Jefferson rode into Washington on horseback, hitched his steed to a post and went in and grabbed the rudder of the ship of state. a a a But then Jefferson never claimed to be a great man. In fact, he didn’t take much stock in the proposition that any man was modi greater than another, but of course he never mewFom Mar.

RY FREDERICK LANDIS

. THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

/ Want to Know If Any Citizen Ha ß Changed His 07 Her Mind on Prohibition Since the Wickersham Report Was Made Public. SAN DIEGO, Cal., Jan. 21.—Being one of those who expected little from the Wickersham commission’s report, I am not disappointed. I make the statement without any intent to be flippant or sarcastic. The proposition that eleven persons, chosen on anything like a fair geographical or political basis, could agree among themselves, much less arrive definite conclusions regarding prohibition, was ridiculous. If law is no stronger than the sentiment behind it, what about such reports? This particular report strikes me as being a very good cross-section of the prevailing sentiment toward prohibition in this country. First, you have general readiness to admit that enforcement has failed thus far. Second, you have Inability to agree on what should be done next. Third, you have unwillingness to recommend more than minor changes. If that isn’t the voice of America speaking, what is it? a a a People Still at Sea I WANT to know if any citizen has changed his or her mind re- | yarding prohibition since Tuesday ;noon? I I want to know if the American | people really think they can solve | this problem by commission, or that i there is any way out, except they themselves find it? I want to know if any intelligent person fails to sense the confused mental state of the country at large, or fails to appreciate the necessity of clearing it up before we can hope for anything like a rational solution? Only radical wets and radical drys are sure of their ground. Other people, and they constitute the vast majority, still are listening to the argument, not with the idea of learning what has occurred, because they already know', but for the purpose of deciding what is best to do next. Generally speaking, these people are dissatisfied with existing conditions. They also are opposed to return of the saloon. Their one outstanding hope is to escape both hems of the dilemma. They have not been sold on any scheme of doing so as yet. nan Drawbacks Are Many THOUGH willing to acknowledge that prohibition has done some good, I believe that 75 of every 100 Americans are alarmed at the unexpected evils to which it has given birth —the enormous revenues it has put in the hands of organized vice; the unholy alliance it has made possible between crime and corrupt politics: the multitude of rackets it has inspired through the example of bootlegging, and, above all else, the way it has taught youth to scoff at law. Up to that point, these 75 out of every 100 are well agreed, but beyond it they leave every man to blaze his own trail. The task before us is to crystallize sentiment and lipe up a clear-cut majority for something. At present, about the best we can do is find fault with the existing system and demand that it be scrapped. That represents discontent all right, but not intelligent discontent, which Is the only kind worth while. a a a Still a Mess THE great virtue of the Wickersham commission’s report lies in its clear revelation that even our best minds have discovered no way out of the prohibition mess. Except to continue as we are, or revert to the old order, both of which are unsatisfactory to the great majority of Americans. It is quite true that the Swedish system was suggested if, after trying to do this or that a little longer, we couldn’t make the eighteenth amendment work, but as a last resort, not as an immediate remedy. Personally, I think we could do worse than experiment with the Swedish system, but who supposes the people would accept it until they have become better acquainted with its technique and success? The people of this country are familiar with just two ways of handing the liquor traffic—prohibition and the licensed saloon. They don’t like either, which means that they are victimized by doubt and likely to stand pat. a a a Education Needed That being so, what solution Os the problem is there, except to sejl them a different method, and how can that be reached, except through an educational campaign? In other words, those of us who believe that the eighteenth amendment and Volstead act are doing more harm than good might just as well make a virtue of necessity, drop the negative side of this discussion and begin to talk about something positive and constructive. We are not going to sell the people repeal or even drastic modification, until wo have convinced a majority of them that there is a good probability of improving conditions. not- only in comparison to what they are now, but in comparison to what they were before federal prohibition was adopted.

Questions and Answers

What is the base pay of a second lieutenant of the army with less than five years service? Seventeen hundred dollars a year. What is a faux-pas? A literal translation of the French phrase is—false step, but the general meaning is a mistake, error, slip particularly when it is a breach of good breeding.

Daily Thought

And King Solomon passed all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom.—ll Chronicles 9:22. The care of a large estate is an unpleasant thin? Tnvpnal

\ —sgsEsw***-

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Heredity? Environment? Just Guess

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. ONE of the favorite subjects for debating groups in the last twenty-five years has been the question as to whether heredity or environment is more important in establishing the characteristics of man and the diseases from which he is likely to suffer. Professor H. S. Jennings points out that the attempt to answer the question as to which is more important is the same as the question as to which is more important for the manufacture of automobiles—the materials of which they are made or the method of manufacture? The answer is that a good machine has to have good materials and be properly manufactured according to the materials to be used. Either poor materials or poor manufacturing methods can ruin the machine.

IT SEEMS TO ME

Gilbert k, chesterton made a speech the other day in which he assailed Rotary clubs and similar get-together organizations. ' He found this somewhat aggressive sort of fellowship vulgar and insincere. He bridled at the practically compulsory use of first nvnes and all the hoop-la. Mr. Chesterton, of course, was conscious of the fact that he walked on ground well trodden by other writers and he mentioned the antiRotary campaigns of Henry Mencken and Sinclair Lewis. This is quite an array of talent arranged in battle line against the clubs where men are Harry, Bill or Pete. And yet I think that all three fastidious gentlemen are quite wrong. I’d like to see more Rotarianism hi the world. I am not personally passionate to be “old scouted’’ by strangers and dim acquaintances, but in a crude and possibly somewhat ridiculous way the' Lions and their like are striving for a friendliness which is not at all funny. Even out of faintly comic groups may come the spirit of brotherhood and co-operation to which the world must turn if it is to be saved. a a a Better Than Manners I DECIDED long ago that the word “vulgar” was not inevitably a reproach. In casting up accounts concerning people I have known or read of much, I seem to find that most inspired ’ leaders had at least a streak of vulgarity. I mean, they were not precise in their tastes nor very much on manners. It is possible, of course, for an individual to be reserved, aloof and superbly frigid in his courtesy and still remain an artist of the first rank. But all men and women who have taken up the vastly important task of shaking the world by the nape of the neck have had a cockney or a fishwife quality. This will not be a better world until we give the roughnecks a chance to lead. And in every time of crisis we have done just that. I am not merely taking refuge in a synonym more handy than “man of the people.” I don’t mean quite that. Fastidiousness is not uncommon in many who have risen from the ranks. It seems to me that “good taste” can be emphasized to a point where it becomes the most dangerous of the vices. It would have ruined both Lincoln and Debs, Each in his own individual way was a roughneck. And next to “good taste” I would place its first cousin “tact” among the stifling graces. No man ever has lashed out with both fists against oppression, pain and poverty until he first lightened his load by dropping tact and good taste into the ocean. a a a Scripture for Purpose NOR am I voicing a theory which is not well grounded in precedent. In fact, I think that I can find scriptural authority for my opposition against those who say the polite ancpoomfortable thing rather

Leading Him a Dog’s Life!

! It seems well established that j such characteristics as the color of the eyes, of the hair, of the skin and the stature of the body are controlled in various ways. It seems at present that the eye color is more dependent on heredity, for the simple reason that we do not know of any method of changing the color of the eye by effects of the environment. On the other hand, the hair may change its color due to various experiences; the color of the skin is affected by sunlight. The build of the body, whether stout or lean, certainly is largely dependent on the heredity of the individual, but also may be modified by diet. If a person has six fingers on each hand or has webs between his toes, he is likely to have developed these characteristics due to heredity. On the other hand, bow-legs may be the result of an insufficient amount of vitamin D or sunlight.

than disturb the company with the rough edge of truth. Peter, when asked, “Surely thou art one sis them?” denied it, for it made everybody happier all around not to have the contentious matter come up. Perhaps he was to some extent afraid, but it might also- be explained that he was exercising tact and good taste. He well could have argued that the palace of the high priest was not a suitable place in which to take up a discussion of Christian theology. But the rude rooster did crow thrice to mark the betrayal and to protest against it. And this frank and agressive fowl well may stand as a suitable symbol for those who say, “Damn the proprieties and go ahead! a a a They Can Raise Rows Naturally, i must admit that tactless people ’round the house can cause great friction and commotion. It was my privilege during the closing months of the World war to have quite frequently in my house a lady who was an ardent pacifist. Nor was she content to talk only to those upon her side or maybe the half-persuaded. At parties she would -take occasion to seek out colonels and even second

(^00(^14 aim^SSl

FREMONT’S BIRTH January 21 ON Jan. 21, 1813, John Fremont, “the pathfinder,” distinguished explorer of the Rocky mountains, was bom at Savannah, Ga. Following his education at Charleston college, S. C„ he taught mathematics on a warship for two years. A few years later he served as a topographical engineer to the French explorer, Jean Nicollet. His experiences with Nicollet furnished him invaluable training for use in his later career and gave him a desire for further western adventure. In 1842 Fremont crossed the Rocky mountains and demonstrated the feasibility of an overland route across the continent. A year later he explored Great Salt Lake and in 1845 he examined the watershed between the Mississippi and the Pacific. During the Mexican war, Fremont cleared northern California of Mexican troops, but, quarreling with Ills superior officers, resigned his captaincy. In 1849, after an expedition up the Rio Grande, Fremont crossed over to California, where he settled. The following year he became United States senator from the new state. In 1856 he was the Republican and anti-slavery candidate for the presidency. In 1861-1862 he served in the regular army as major-general, but resigned rather than serve under General Pope. Kfe later became Governor of Ansa*

Most diseases from which human beings suffer are influenced greatly by conditions in which they live. For instance, one can not have tuberculosis unless one is infected by the germ of tuberculosis. However, it has also been shown that the germ of tuberculosis grows much better in some kinds of tissues than in others. A person badly nourished, who gets an insufficient amount of fresh air and sunlight, is much more likely to develop the disease when attacked by the germ than a person who is well nourished and who has plenty of sunlight and fresh air. From studies made on heredity and cancer, it seems quite likely that there are some human beings who have a special susceptibility to this disease. It is knowm that repeated irritations may set up cancer in those who are susceptible. This has been proved by experiments on mice of a strain susceptible to cancer.

„- v HEYWOOD BROUN

lieutenants and others who took their duties and responsibilities with the utmost seriousness. Bars of gold and silver upon any shoulder constituted in her mind a challenge. All her most violent arguments against the conflict were delivered directly to officers assigned to espionage. It made no end of trouble. Strong men grew red in the face and shook their fists. Threats of arrest were made. Chalk marks were placed upon the door and at the time I could have wished the lady in question twice as tactful and three times morn silent. In those days I did not share her views, but if I had I should probably have been much less audacious in carrying my views into the enemy's country. ■* And that reticence I would have explained upon the grounds of tact and good taste, which always have been the first and last refuges of the timid. & I Copyright. 1931. by The Time*)

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times: Please write an editorial and lead this bewildered Indiana general assembly out of the fog. One day we read they propose an income tax; next a sales tax; next a tax on lodges and church properties, ad infintum. Again we note that the poor farmer, incidentally he of the loud voice who constantly wails about his lot, but never tries to get into anything and utterly disregards the abject poverty of the industrial cities, having his back to the wall. Well, who thrust his back up against said wall? He and his fanatical dry cohorts. The Times carried a story a few days ago that several large breweries claimed they could put more than one million idle men to work if permitted legally to make beer. They would create a market for grain and help the farmer. Why not give them a trial? It certainly would be better than this charity dole. Why don’t you come out solidly

Fun and Frolic Our Washington BuS ca°n GAMES that is just full of helpful suggestions for having fun at * pa L r , ty ' OU I the 00111X511 below and send f or it, and forget yoS troubles about how you are going to “entertain” your guests CLIP COUPON HERE —— Dept. 112, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin INDOOR GAMES and enclose here with 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. 'Code No)

Idealz and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

JJAN. 21, 1930

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Chemistry Expected to Lead the March Back to Prosperity. Dr. ARTHUR D. LITTLE, famous consulting chemist of Cambridge, Mass., just awarded the Perkin medal, given annually to “the American chemist who has distinguished himself most by his services to applied chemistry,” looks to chemistry to lead the march back to prosperity. “Since advances in chemistry react on every industry, while, conversely, every progressive trend in other industries makes new demands on chemistry,” Dr. Little says, “we may look with confidence to the chemical Industries for contributions which should go far toward supplying the stimulus essential to the revival of our prosperity, and which the stationary or obsolescent industries can furnish no longer. “We may expect, for instance, a phenomenal development in the plastics industry, and in materials of construction adapted to the mass production of dwelling houses. “New chemical agents are beginning to replace water in heating and power equipment, new products from water gas and from the waste gases of oil refineries are in sisht, and even new foods are in prospect. Meanwhile, sulphuric acid, chorine, and soda remain as basic commodities as steel.” a a a Creative Chemistry THE development of new industries had much to do with bringing the United States to its peak of prosperity, Dr. Little believes. Some of these, he adds, like the automobile industry, have probably passed the peak of their demand for men and money. “Industries age like human beings,” he continue#. “They have the hazards and diseases of childhood, the capacity for development in vigorous youth, the stability and strength of maturity, and the conservatism and atrophy of age. “The railroads are old, the automobile is approaching middle age, but our chemical industries still a rein their energetic and elastic youth, with their great development still before them. ' “They have had the vitality to withstand the present depression better than most others. While steel production has shrunk to 40 per cent of capacity, the chemical industries have brought out cellophane, new plastics, synthetic ammonia and methanol, and many other products to compensate for shrinkage in other lines. “They have developed new catalysts, high-pressure processes and equipment, and have gone to new extremes of temperature both up and down the scale. “Chemistry is a creative science, and the first chapter of its Book of Genesis is not yet written.” a a a Market Values DR. LITTLE turns to market values to prove his contention as to the strength of the chemical industry. He says: “The market values of half a dozen leading chemical companies at the 1930 low's still are three or four times the market value of the same companies at the 1924 lows, whereas many other leading industrials now are at the same low market value reached in 1924. “The stock market appraisal is an indication both of actual increases in value in the chemical stocks during this period and of their possibilities for growth, whereas the others have taken a roller coaster ride and now are back where they were. “According to Standard Statististics, it appears that the total profits of thirteen leading chemical companies, excluding Du Pont, declined during the first nine months of 1930 by 18.7 per cent from the peak level of the corresponding 1929 period, whereas the decline of aggregate corporate earnings in industry as a whole was 35 per cent. “The resilience inherent in the chemical industry is indicated by the fact that where the profits of eight leading chemical companies in 1921 declined almost 67 per cent from the profits of 1920, the earnings of these companies so quickly recovered that the final returns for 1922 were only 18 per cent below the record low of 1920, and by the end of 1923 anew profit peak had been established.

behind a bill for a sales tax only on luxuries like perfumes, cosmetics, tobaccos, malts. Keep it off food, clothing and actual necessities. Tax the churches and lodges. Wield a club and tell this dum general assembly how to proceed. An income tax may be all right, but who makes sufficient income bo be taxed to an amount that would give relief. Open the breweries and unemployment will cease. LELAND OVERTON. 1110 Wallace street. Does the fact that one was registered in the United States army during the World war autonatically make one an American citizen? No. How much iss pent for education in the United States? In 1928, the latest year for which data are available, it amounted to $2,448,633,561. When did the Volstead act become effective? Jan. 17, 1920.