Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 213, Indianapolis, Marion County, 14 January 1931 — Page 4

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SCK I t>p J- H OWAJtO

Whipping Posts One of the Indianapolis senators is persistent in his efforts to revive the whipping post as a punishment for some sorts of crime. Os course, it is not proposed to whip the “higher class’’ criminals, if that term be applied to men Who embezzle from banks, sell worthless stocks to widows or loot through Shylock interest to the needy. Nor will any manipulator of merged utilities, caught in the act, fear the lash. It is proposed to limit physical chastisement to the rough birds who take guns to back up their depredations. That any one would seriously propose this means of punishment for any crime is an indication of bewilderment and chaos. The people have never approached the solution of the crime problem with any scientific attitude of mind, nor any real purpose to prevent crime rather than punish it. Through the centuries the one object has been to punish, not to save weak manhood from temptations. All the stress has been laid on catching criminals, not saving men and boys from committing crime. The one theory of the brutal whipping post is that it will frighten men into being good. Fear has never stopped crime. It never will. For no one who commits crime •xpects to be caught or to suffer any penalty whatever. There is but one state in the Union which retains the once universal whipping post, and Delaware is looked upon as not only backward, but brutal. The whipping post went with the stocks and other crude methods of torture. The post has little to commend it as a method of creating anew spiritual outlook. At the most it can only brutalize the society which uses it. It is a milepost on the return journey to the jungle. If crime is to be checked, the only sure method is to find the causes of crime and treat them scientifically.

The Red Cross Drive All of those who have the money should contribute liberally to the Red Cross special drought relief campaign for $10,000,000. The need in rural districts is very great, as stated by President Hoover. It exceedingly is unfortunate that the Red Cress waited until the middle of a severe winter to admit the inadequacy of its $5,000,000 relief fund, an inadequacy repeatedly pointed out by informed persons lor several months. Due to this delay it is all the more necessary that people of wealth respond promptly to the appeal. Assuming prompt collection of the extra $10,000,000, the Red Cross should not stop with that. For tic original $5,000,000 set aside for the purpose and the anticipated $10,000,000 can not cope with the rural needs as described by the Red Cross itself. But whatever amount is appropriated or raised by the Red Cross for drought sufferers, no national relief ', will go to the unemployed, according to the present Red Cross plan. Tims the emergency need of caring for upward of fi ,000.000 totally unemployed in the cities will not be met unless congress acts. Local relief committees have done their best. In many cases that best is not enough. Direct federal relief, to supplement the aid new being given by private and municipal agencies in local communities, has been requested by 216 mayors. There is plenty of precedent for direct federal relief. This emergency dwarfs the flood and other disasters which have called forth quick and generous relief grants by congress in the past. There is no need for setting up a federal dole system, which no one wants. The grant can br. made directly to the semi-official Red Cross, of which President Hoover is the head, for distribution through its existing organization to communities where local agencies can not prevent starvation. The Ashurst Purchase The late and eloquent Senator Daniel Webster once said on the senate floor that he wouldn’t give a dollar for the whole of Oregon. The also eloquent Senator Henry Fountain Ashurst of Arizona has discovered in the far southwest a treasure trove worth considerably more than a dollar, ip a senate resolution he proposes to instruct the state department to open negotiations for the purchase of lower California from Mexico. A decade ago Ashurst spell-bound the senate on tho same proposal. He expatiated polysyllabically upon the advantages of our owning great Magdalena harbor, the gaping mouth of “the American Nile,” the dolorado river, the now-arid acres that under the hand of our race would make the desert bloom and anile, the mineral, piscatorial, avian and chelonian resources. Waxing anatomically metaphorical he called this unfortunate land at once “Mexico’s vermiform appendix” and Uncle Sam’s “Achilles heel.” He left no doubt in any one’s mind that we need lower California and lower California needs us. Os course, there are objections to its purchase. The Mexican constitution, for instance, sternly forbids the sale of a square foot of Mexican land and this Instrument Is said to be sacred to every Mexican peon. The vested and hip-pocketed interests that have spent millions in enticing palaces of joy at Tijuana, Mexicali and other border resorts doubtless would object to coming under the American flag and prohibition. Besides it would be hard to convince American farmers that we need new acres manned with cheap labor. Einstein: Poet or Scientist? The emergence of Albert Einstein into a popular figure of world-wide repute, who can attract photographers and reporters with the horse power of a Jack Dempsey, Bobby Jones or Countess Cathcart, is one of the most interesting phenomenon of all history. Is relativity a racket or an epoch-making scientific discovery? Not more than a dozen persons in the United States have any exact knowledge of what Einstein, really biiatms to have achieved. Met a one of the Ihiilions

The Indianapolis Times (A ftCRIRPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. lad. Price in Marlon County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOTD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G MORRISON. Editor • President Business Manager PHONE—Riley Msl WEDNESDAY. JAN. 14. 1931. Member of United Press. Scrlppa-Howard Newapaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way."

who will follow eagerly the news of his activities in this country will possess the slightest inkling of the actual nature and import of Einstein’s work. It is as far beyond them as a literal leap to Betelgeuse from the mooring mast of the Empire State building. Even if Einstein has achieved all his protagonists claim for him, it hardly could be held that he is a greater scientist than Professor Albert A. Michelson of Chicago. But Miclielson never could get more publicity than the insertion of his name on the cabin list of a steamer. When he landed in New York, even as a Nobel prize winner, he could not clutter up an alley with concentrated photographers and pencil rustlers. Why the Einstein stampede? There seems to be no other reason than the fact that Einstein is reputed to be a sort of celestial miracle man. He is the chief new model medicine man of the planet today. He is believed to have grasped anew and voluntary conception of the heavens, which well may modify our notions of God and man in the bargain. The public curiosity regarding Einstein is, then, based on cosmic poetry and religious mysticism rather than scientific appreciation. What Moses did to mediate between the heavens and man in the days of primitive Einstein will do in the contemporary age of mathematical astrophysics. The honest and intelligent citizen, while he need never hope to master Einstein’s doctrines in the latter’s highly abstruse mathematical language, would like to know what it is all about. Especially would he like to know whether there is anything to get excited about. But he seems doomed to prolonged confusion. One group, made up of Einstein’s disciples, proclaims him the most revolutionary cosmic thinker since Copernicus, if not since Pythagoras. He completely has upset Newton's theory of gravitation and has united time and space in anew and independent type of reality. On the other hand, highly distinguished scientists, specialists in Einstein's own field, charge that he is not a scientist, but a poet or philosopher, using mathematics to express poetic illusions that have no substantial basis in precise mathematical computation. Typical of the latter is the article on "What Einstein Really Did,” by Professor Charles Lane Poor of Columbia university in Scribner’s magazine. Professor Poor’s answer to the interrogation in the title to his article is that Einstein has done nothing except to "kid” himself, his technical followers and the public. The skeptical and impartial reader may entertain a justifiable curiosity as to whether Professor Poor is an invidious "sorehead,” jealous of the world acclaim that has been heaped upon Einstein, or whether he is a substantial scientist who has the courage to set forth unpleasant realities in the face of popular superstition and scientific imposture. Is Einstein the master of the known heavens or a very earthly impostor? We should like to have the issue threshed out.

Maybe Barnum Was Right Practical and hard-headed as this country is supposed to be, its people, with childlike and superstitious belief, hand over $125,000,000 every year to soothsayers and fortune tellers, one of their number tells us. There is more belief today in witchcraft than there was when Salem hanged witches, John Mulholland, “magician,” believes, and he should know. That may explain many things in our national life. It may be the reason why we wait for starving people to be fed by ravens and fairies insoead of organizing promptly and efficiently to give them food. It may be the reason why we wait for magic to solve our economic ills instead of looking at them realistically and working realistically to dispel them. It may explain our faith that a clumsy and outworn and boss-ridden electoral system somehow will give up, always, great and good officials. Perhaps it is the answer to our stubborn insistence that prohibition, somehow, somewhere, may be enforced. A California golf club gave its members turkeys for prizes in a recent tournament. So that they truthfully could say, perhaps, that they got birdies.

REASON B "SSST

THE most important event of many weeks is this successful flight of ten Italian bombing planes from Africa to Brazil, for this should jam into the reluctant consciousness of our bureaucrats at Washington the fact that aviation has arrived. a u tt Success of the Italian birdmen brings home to us the fact that other bombing planes in time of war could wing their way from Europe to the United States and what they could do to our seaboard cities is too terrible for a faint heart to contemplate. a u tt But they wouldn't have to fly across the Atlantic. They could operate from an airplane carrier, lying several miles off our eastern coast, dropping their devastation upon New York, Boston and, yes, inland cities, and then returning to the airplane carrier to replenish. tt tt a WE hope it will not be necessary to have our cities reduced to ruins to convince our Washington authorities of the fact that the next war will take the elevator and transact business from the sky, but up to date these authorities have manifested a marvelous immunity from the mental processes which have caused foreign nations to put their trust largely in airplanes. tt It M Long ago General William Mitchell tried to shake the dry bones of our military establishment, respecting its woeful inefficiency in matters aeronautical, and for the same he was jammed through a shameful court-martial, much as Dreyfus was some years before in France. a tt tt We willingly confess that what we do not know about the technical side of sea power would All many volumes, but this is a matter wherein common sense qualifies cme to speak, common sense and a decent respect for the yfrisdom of what other nations are doing. a a tt FIRST of all, we should take aviation out of the hands of the army and navy and put it in the hands of its friends, in the hands of those who do not look upon it as a spectacular interloper that has come to take away the laurels of soldiers and sailors, but who look upon it as the swiftest, deadliest weapon man has made. a a a If it were up to us personally, we would not build one more ship of war, except a destroyer, a submarine or an airplane carrier. The cruiser has followed in the wake of its elephantine brother, the super-dreadnaught; it now is only an ox cart of the sea. • a a a Let congress wake up and read the Italian flight in the ominous light of the prophecy it brings, and let it give us the airplanes we nepd.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

“The Public Is Alarmed in an Organized Way Because it Senses the Presence of Organized Viciousness” -pvENVER, Jan. 13.—This is a great U country—great in its power; great in its achievements; great in its complacency and eonceit; great even in its weaknesses. There is not, and never was another country where so many people spoke the same language, or observed the same conventions; where life, work and pleasure were so hopelessly standardized; where travel meant so little, or time so much; where sweeping changes could be made with such ease and lack of reason; where fashion exercised such a despotic sway. We have not only set the stage for fad, novelty and innovation but have set it in such a way that we can not satisfy our hunger for variety without them.. That explains why art feels obliged to change style every so often; why we all put on straw hats when we are told, even if it rains; why Hoover could be elected by six million majority one year and" lose control of congress the next; why crime rims to waves and why the racket has spread from Maine to California in so short a time. Traveling grows monotonous, but the man who lives to see another sunrise can be sure of unexpected thrills.

Kidnaping ‘Blows Up’ A 13-YEAR-OLD Denver girl leaves her home in the early hours of Monday, without letting any one know about it, and stays out all night. The family is wild with fear, half the police force is called out and. the story draws an eight-colunm head in the morning papers with not enough copies to go around. A city of 300,000 shivers as it recalls Hickman and Bobby Franks. Editors get set for another of those tragedies which make the pres-s hum, while the boys on the firing line do two days work in one. Happily, the girl is found, and little the worse for wear. Just got lonesome and went out for a walk. Just got sleepy, a little confused and lost her bearings. Just happened to ring the right door bell after many tries. A good story blown up, say the editors, as they tell the boys to go home and cancel orders for rush copy from all over the map, which, as I see it, is not the important point. tt u Organized Alarm WHEN this story broke, the public, as well as the newspapers, jumped to the same conclusion, and took a thoroughly organized view of it, in which there is nothing illogical. It would have been the 6ame anywhere in these United States. Such stories lead to identical reactions, whether they break in Atlanta, Chicago or Los Angeles. The fact that newspapers play them up is not a matter of arbitrary control on the part of editors. Newspapers would be faithless reflectors of public feeling if they did not. The public is alarmed in an organised way because it senses the presence of organized viciousness because it realizes that any disappearance of a child is likely to be kidnaping, and that any kidnaping is as likely to end in murder as in recovery. In addition, the public lias lost some of its old-time faith in the power of regularly constituted authority to cope with this new form of terrorism, this most pernicious offshoot of the racket.

Paying to Support Crime THERE is a widespread disposition to hold prohibition largely responsible for the graft, corruption and unholy alliance between crime and politics which combine to form a favorable background for more revolting offenses, especially those designed to extort money from people by violence, or threats of violence. Prohibition has not only made a criminal out of the liquor peddler, forcing him to consort with other criminals for his own protection, but its failure has placed an enormous revenue at the disposal of both. According to some estimates, the American people are pay ing as much in support of crime, crookedness and corruption as they are to run the federal government. One writer asserts that he could make money by pensioning our 1,000,000 grafters, high-binders and racketeers at the rate of $16,000 a year for each if they would promise to quit as a part of the bargain. Whether that is too extravagant, we are certainly being taxed an enormous amount, and the problem of liberating ourselves represents one of the most serious we face.

MAURY’S BIRTH January 14

ON Jan. 14, 1806, Mathew Maury, an American naval officer, who was the first to give a complete description of the Gulf Stream and to mark out specific routes to be followed in crossing the Atlantic, was bom in Spottsylvania county, Virginia. When 19 he was appointed a midshipman in the navy and a year later was made an officer on the Vincennes during her voyage around the world. Crippled for life by fracturing his leg in 1839, Maury was appointed to the naval observatory and hydrographic office in Washington. There he prepared works that proved of great benefit to navigators. At the outbreak of the Civil war he offered his services to the Confederacy, and was sent on a mission to Europe, where he remained until the conclusion of peace. He then went to Mexico and was appointed emigration commissioner by Emperor Maximilian. Upon the overthrow of the imperial regime Maury returned to the United States and became professor of physics at Virginia Military institute.

Ounce of Prevention Worth Pound of Cure!

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE ♦ Healthy Person ‘Unaware of His Body’

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. A PERSON in perfect health should be relatively unaware of his body. As defined by W. R. P. Emerson the word "health” generally Is accepted to mean a condition of the body free from physical disease. It seems doubtful, however, that any human being is at any time absolutely free from pathologic changes in his body. Careful records kept in thousands of post-mortem examinations, including people suddenly killed by accident, reveal abnormalities in every case. It would be a mistake, however, to consider a man sick merely because of minor degenerative changes going on in the tissues in his body. Certain signs indicate physical fitness as contrasted with other signs which mark the absence of

IT SEEMS TO ME TrSuT

OUITE often it has been pointed out that there is no such fierceness on the football field as exists in the heart of the old grad. Within the last few years a definite movement has come *to make the game belong to the players rather than to their elders in the cheering section. While it is true that undergraduates rather would have victory than defeat, their passion for a winning team is seldom as high as that of men who have been out for twentyyears. And now a controversy of somewhat the same sort has begun at New Haven concerning new styles in glee clubs. Once upon a time undergraduates banded together formally to render “Boola Boola” and something about grasshoppers addicted to never-end-ing leapfrog antics. This is the music which the older old graduate remembers, and they will have nothing else. It shocks them to hear, or even to leam, that the boys have taken to Bach. a a a A Good Song TO the comfortably padded gentlemen long away from the cloistered halls this seems a sacrilege. They are still living in the days when a college glee club was a minstrel show and “plunk, plunk, plunk” the function of a bass singer. Somehow the idea that undergraduates are and should be overgrown children dies hard. There are those who can not abide the fact that even the colleges are coining of age. Mr. Robert A. Gardner, the distinguished pole vaulter and golfer, late of Yale, is emphatic in asserting that he will just stay away if he has to hear Brahms rather than bullfrog ditties. But I do not believe it is the necessary function of the Yale glee club to confine its efforts to assisting Robert in quest of his youth. After all, the trend toward more serious music was not forced upon the undergradutes of Yale or Harvard, where a similar movement has taken place. The plain fact of the matter seems to be that many of these young men actually take delight in learning more difficult and intricate choral work. One may point out that it is a little silly for a group to get together for the purpose of rehearsing “Up the Str>.et.” By 2 o’clock in the morning almost anybody can join in singing such a lilting melody. a a > ‘Bach and ‘Boola’ OF course, the cry is raised that these old standbys should not be allowed to die. And. naturally, there is no danger that Brahms will wither even if both Yale and Harvard pass him by. But, judging from my own experience at parties and in some of the more intimtfW speakeasies, Lord Geoffrey Amherst goes on soldiering for his king about as usual. After all, there never was a day when underfraduating singing waa

health. A man who is physically fit has a clear eye, good color, and a happy expression. He breathes through his nose and keeps his mouth shut. His teeth are free from pyorrhea and from cavities. His skin is clear, firm and elastic. The muscles should respond readily to action, the posture should be erect with the chin and shoulders square, and the man should stand tall. His gait should be springy and alert. The arches of the feet should be sufficient to support the body without flatness. The weight should be the best weight for the height as determined by standard charts. As every one knows, the most common greeting is a question concerning one’s health. In the same way, the most frequently paid com pliment is one congratulating the person on the fact that he looks well. >

confined wholly to duly accepted glee club members. Personally, I’m for a college culture which makes room for both Bach and “Boola.” And the danger of collegians going excessively highbrow does not seem overly grave even yet. I wish it were. There still is too much truth in the assertion that some of our universities are modeled along country club lines. After twenty years it is easy to

People’s Voice

Editor’s Note —In fairness to "Mr. Average Citizen.’’ whose letter in The Times Saturday deplored third degree methods by police, it here is stated that his letter was signed. The Times prints no letters to the editor unless accompanied by signature, but does reproduce them signed with “pen names” when the signature also Is appended to the original letter. Several letters in reply to “Mr. Average Citizen” were received today, signed only with pen names, so they can not be printed here. Editor Times—Your newspaper must be run by a woman, since you change your mind so often. Not so long ago Don Mellett was killed by by the same type df beast as now is killing our police, who are trying to serve the taxpayers that pay them for protection. When Mellett was killed, you load a crown of thorns for the same varmin that yon now want to shower with roses. In your paper of Jan. 10 you have on the front page an article written by “An Average Citizen" upholding the criminal. What does this writer have to conceal that he fears to have his name known? Then, too, how does he know that “third degree” methods are used at the police' station? If this writer knows anything on this line, why not give the facts and not act like a criminal and hide behind an alias. A newspaper man made the statement in my presence that he knew of many cases where third degree methods were used on innocent people. I ask him for one instance. I have waited forty-eight hours for an answer, but have none yet. I offered to tell him of several criminals who now are free because the police are not permitted to use the proper method to obtain confessions. Give our police a chance to clear this crime wave. Let them use whatever method they see fit. It is mi opinion that they know better how to handle criminals than newspaper editors or the suffering public. At any rate, they do not use mob rule which the public will have to use if the police are not allowed to do their duty. H. L. KELSO. 550 5 4 Virginia avenue.

Daily Thought

Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you.—St. John 15:14. Friendship is the marriage of the

In contrast to the picture of health is the appearance of illness. The eyes of the sick man lack luster and are dull. His face is drawn and underneath his eyes there are lines, puffiness and darkness. The mouth is held open, the teeth may be defective and the hair rough and dry. The skin of the sick man is without resilience arjd his muscles arc flabby. The sick man drags his feet when he walks, his shoulders droop and he presents the picture of sickness. So far as his weight is concerned, he may be far overweight or underweight. He shuns the outdoor air and he responds to every stimulation in either an -.xaggerated or subnormal manner. In contrast to the happy appearance of the man who is well, the sick man seems discontented and unhappy.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America's most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this oaper.—The Editor

weep into the nearest available stein and say, “Those were the happiest days of my life. Do you remember the night we put the cracked ice and the two lizards into the proctor’s bed? Good old ‘Four Eyes’— How he hollered? I’ll never forget it.” , a a a Playing a Part npo a certain extent I have a no- -*• tion that much which passes for college tradition is due to pressure. Collegians all too frequently act like collegians because they feel that it is expected of them. They have read books written by very senimental and slightly senile graduates. I even harbor the horrid suspicion that some undergraduates make an effort to behave like the characters in motion picture exhibits called “Half a Second to Go.” Such pranks as bring the police and first-page headlines I refuse to accept as nonnal exuberance upon the part of youth. It belongs to an artificial tradition fostered by alumni old enough to know a great deal better. I refuse to believe that the average youngster is addicted by nature to hazing, cane rushes, the kidnaping of freshmen diners and other monkeyshines. He merely is bound to the wheel of what has been. Since these activities have endured at good old Siwash for half a century, it takes a good deal of stamina to stand out and refuse conformity. But light is beginning to break. For instance, within the last five years civilization has begun to peep faintly up in Cambridge. Some bright undergraduate had the courage to suggest that the annual rally Jpefore the Yale game wasn’t as much fun as everybody pretended and that it was at least three and a half times as silly as any one admitted. (Copyright. 1931. by The Times)

The Proper Way Can you write an invitation to a formal or informal dinner party, dance or reception? Do you know the details of the proper setting of the tabte, the placing of the candles, the decorations, the knives, forks, glasses and accessories? Can you seat a table of guests correctly? Do you know who is served first at a dinner party? What .to say to your hostess when you leave a social affair? What to wear to a formal reception? All the ins and outs of social custom and the proper etlquet for such occasions are contained in our Washington Bureau’s new bulletin ETIQUET FOR DINNERS, DANCES AND RECEPTIONS. Fill out the coupon below and send for it, and learn the Proper Way: CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 110, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Hires, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin ETIQUET FOR DINNERS, DANCES AND RECEPTIONS, and inclose 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled. United States postage stamps, t<* cover return postage and handling costs: Name : Street and Number City State I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times

JAN. 14, 193 V,

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

Synthetic Lightning and Synthetic Radium Are Produced by Scientists. SLOWLY man learns to duplicate the tricks of nature. First lightning and now radium have been added to synthetic products. Lightning yielded a few years ago, when the late Dr. Charles P. Steinmetz succeeded in producing electric flashes of such power as to deserve the name of "artificial lightning.” Artificial lightning led the way to artificial radium rays, the newest discovery of science, announced only last month at the annual convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Cleveland. The prize of SI,OOO. awarded each year by the association for the outstanding paper read at the convention went to Drs. M. A. Tuve. L. R. Hafsted and O. Dahl of the department of terrestian magnetism of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, for their paper describing the artificial production of radium rays. v A super-X-ray tube which they have built, operating at the previous unusable voltage of 2,000,000 volts, produces more gamma rays than can be produced by all the radium in existence. tt u a Franklin’s Kite FOR centuries mankind feared the lightning, but did not understand it. In the early days of America, Benjamin Franklin flew his kite and proved that lightning was electricity. The existence of X-rays was unknown! until Professor Roentgen discovered their existence in 1893. He made his initial announcement in Berlin at a meeting of the Physical Society on Christmas eve. The discovery of X-rays was followed by Bacquerel’s discovery of the rays of uranium and then by the discovery of radium by the Curies. The analysis of the rays of radium, one of the great achievements of the twentieth century, was accomplished by Sir Ernest Rutherford. He showed that radium gave off three kinds of rays—alpha rays, which were the nuclei of atoms of helium gas: beta rays, which were electrons, the fundamental units of matter, and gamma rays, which were real rays, like X-rays, but thousands of times shorter and thousands of times more penetrating. Recent studies on X-rays have shown that the more powerful the electric current used in the X-ray tube, the shorter and more pene-. trating were the resulting X-rays. It was inevitable, therefore, as Steinmetz and other experimenters, succeeded in producing "artificial lightning,” that is, electric currents of tremendous voltage and amperage, that attempts should be made to utilize these powerful currents in X-ray tubes.

High Voltages THERE are only a few highvoltage installations in the world. The General Electric Company has them at its Schenectady laboratory and at its Pittsfield laboratory, the latter being the largest in existence. The California Institute of Technology has one in Pasadena. Leland Stanford university has one, and there are a few in Europe. The one used by Dr. Tuve and his assistants was built by Tuve and Dr. Gregory Breit, who now is at New York university. In building the X-ray tube. Dr. Tuve and his assistants had to solve many problems. One was to anneal Fyrex glass so that it would stand the tremendous heat which develops when the tube is in operation. The future use of the radium ray tube is not yet known. But all scientists agree that it will prove useful in medicine, physics, and chemistry. Many problems yet must be solved. One of the most important is that of protection. I The rays of the tube will penetrate a sheet of lead three Inches thick. To stay in the same room with the tube while it was operated for a second might result in death. In operation, the high voltage is discharged through the vacuum tube This means that in the tube there is a stream of electrons moving at a tremendous rate. The tube, therefore, can be used to study the behavior of high-speed electrons as well as for production of radium rays.

Questions and Answers

How large Is Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana? Forty miles long and twenty-five miles wide. What is the next oldest civilize'! nation in Europe to Greece? Paly. Arc Italian people ever blond? There are many blond especially in the northern provinces Where is radio station XED, and on what frequency does it operate? It is located at Raynosa, Mexico, and operates on a frequency of 961 kilocycles, 312 meters and 10.000watts power. It was licensed in 1930.