Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 212, Indianapolis, Marion County, 13 January 1931 — Page 6

PAGE 6

t C Ml P mj -H OW AMD

War Debts, Wages, the Tariff “Without commenting on the many arguments on both side* of the controversy and aside from the justice of (war debt) cancellation, I am firmly convinced that it would be good business for our government to initiate a reduction in these debts at this time.” This statement is made by Albert H. Wiggin, chairman of the board of the Chase National bank, in his report to the bank's stockholders, meeting today. Avoiding, as Wiggm does, discussion of th* arguments that always arise when such cancellation is proposed, it is possible to agree with him that it might be good business. Money being spent ip paying off the war debts to us, might be spent in buying our goods instead and thus furnishing labor to men now unemployed. Doubtless some part of our prosperity in the days that preceded the present depression could be traced to the very radical reduction in these same war debts made from time to time. The present status of France’s debt to us amounts to a 60 per cent cancellation; of Italy’s, an 80 per cent cancellation. The American taxpayer is paying that canceled portion. It is not likely the American taxpayer readily will take over the remaining 40 and 20 per cent — certainly not while these two countries continue to lavish money on armaments and while the collection of reparations from Germany continues. Wiggin says other interesting things. He says: “It is not true that high wages make prosperity. Instead, prosperity makes his wages.” Many industries, he thinks, ‘‘reasonably may ask labor to accept a moderate reduction designed to reduce costs and to increase both employment and the buying power of labor.” This may seem, at first glance, something like the ancient argument as to which came first, the hen or the egg. Labor creates all wealth, says labor. Capital furnishes all jobs, says capital. Well, of course, there was labor before there was capital—but that is getting into a debate that will get us nowhere in the present industrial emergency. Wiggin’s suggestion would get us somewhere. It would get us farther into industrial depression, In our opinion. The news came from Detroit Saturday that the Ford plants are taking on 50,000 more men. The report was not that these men are being taken on at reduced wages. If that had been the report, it is our belief that instead of sending a thrill of hope throughout the country it would have chilled the most optimistic. It would have carried the direct suggestion that American labor must prepare now to travel back down the long path up which it has been struggling so many generations. High wages did not cause the crash in the American economic structure. Money spent for speculation, not money spent for wages, was the cause, or, at least, an important cause. And wage cuts now will not bring prosperity back. Wiggin is on sounder ground in telling his stockholders that among the causes for the depression the foremost is: “The impediments to international trade through excessive tariffs and other restrictive policies.” He should develop this idea, for it is possible to do something about the tariff. Rates can be lowered. The congress elected in November—and elected partly In protest against the higher tariff law—is likely to meet in extraordinary session this spring. Wiggin and his stockholders might well be thinking about That. The Education of Clarence True Wilson Unpleasant as the works of the fanatic may be, he usually is a person who should command our sympathy rather than our indignation. The fanatie almost invariably is a man of unfortunate and limited experience. He is culturally provincial. He circulates only among those who believe as he does. He suffers from an inbreeding of ideas. He has no fresh, novel and stimulating contacts. The fanatic is particularly at the mercy of what Walter Lippmann has called “stereotypes.” Lippmann describes their nature and effects as follows: “The subtlest and most pervasive of all influences arc those which create and maintain the repertory of stereotypes. We are told about the world before we see it. We imagine most things before we experience them. And those preconceptions, unless education has made us acutely aware, govern deeply the whole process of perception." The crusader for "purity, piety and drought is a victim of intense stereotypes. He rarely has seen an atheist, agnostic, graceful imbiber or polished mixer. In the flesh. His conception of them is built up out of mental pictures gained at his mother’s knee or from the fiery preaching of his parson in youthful days. Carefully protecting himself from association with the exponents of urbane culture, he is able to preserve these infantile images immaculate until death. Many a man potentially capable of vast polish and urbanity goes to his grave an inflexible bigot simply because he never has had opportunity :to leam the error of his ways. 0 A splendid example of the case in point is Dr. Clarence True Wilson. For some years he has held the all-American championship as the ablest bigot in our country. He has been the unchallanged pope of the prudes and blue-noses. But it now is evident that Dr. Wilson's unfortunate outlook on life was not due to any inherent defect in his intelligence or character. He simply has been separated from the society of cultivated men. Circulating with men of like views and less ability in the Methodist Board of Temperance, Prohibition and Public Morals, he never had the opportunity to leam that a man may be a decent human being without subscribing to the primitive ethical code of the dervishes who plague and humiliate the educated liberals of the church. But Dr. Wilson has been more fortunate than most of his associates in darkness. The enterprise of Collier's magazine sent him off on an expedition into Canada in company with the arch-demon, Clarence Darrow. Late last summer Darrow was the very incarnation of all evil to Dr. Wilson. He was the composite picture of all Dr. Wilson’s stereotypes of wickedness. Three months later, after further travel and association with Darrow, Dr. Wilson pronounces Darrow an ideal Christian gentleman. He further says: ‘‘l love that man Darrow. He is the greatest humanitarian in all the country. He has the biggest and kindest heart and kindest feelings of any man I ever have known. He is one of the squarest hitters, and one of the friendliest and frankest men I ever have known." This reveals clearly enough that the United States lost because Dr. Wilson has been condemned to bad company during most of his life. It require no little Tid ■ T

The Indianapolis Times (A seBIPPS-noWARIJ NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing; Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, lnd. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 8 cents —delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BO¥l> GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G MORRISON. PHONE—Riley MSI TUESDAY. JAN. 13. 1931. Member of United Press. Kcripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

mental vigor to break through mental stereotypes of such strength in so short a time. What might not Dr. Wilson have accomplished for human betterment if he had been as fortunate as Darrow in his birth, experiences, and opportunities? But there still is hope. Let someone introduce him to Mencken, Sinclair Lewis, George Nathan, Will Rogers, Ben De Casseres, Heywood Broun, Joe Lewis, Earl Carroll, Bemarr McFadden and other apostles of sin and villainy. Then he yet may be able to transform himself from perhaps the greatest personal fluisance in these United States to a national benefactor of high order. Proving Dr. Adams’ Case In his recent article In the Forum on “Pollyanna, Our Patron Goddess,” James Truslow Adams emphasized the difficulty which Americans have in looking truth straight in the face and recognizing her for what she really is. We want truth to justify our own prejudices and biases. “She must be clothed and cloaked, and from thk fact have sprung, as in the case of our physical life', multifold errors, ugly abnormalities, miserable hypocrisies.” It is not so frequent that a writer’s thesis receives immediate and distinguished confirmation. Speaking in Los Angeles, Professor Richard L. Lyman of the University of Chicago, president of the National Council of English Teachers, said of the award of the Nobel prize to Sinclair Lewis: “This prize has been given to the portrayer of life’s ugliness. Truth that is clean and wholesome and uplifting is the ideal of true literature. Those who put beauty in the foreground are artists and not Sinclair Lewises.” St. Pollyanna is not without her gallant warriors, ready to pick up the gauntlet in her behalf on any occasion. For Mothers The voice of organized womanhood o ’ America has been heard in the overwhelming senate victory for the Jones maternity-infancy aid bill. The Jones bill would re-enact in all its essentials the late and highly successful Sheppard-Towner law. The chief essential in both Is the unhampered administration of this work by the children’s bureau. It is essential because for seven years this bureau, headed by Miss Grace Abbott, did its work of saving mothers and babies so effectively. No one ever will know the lives this great, humane adventure salvaged, the suffering it prevented, the ...sting benefit it brought to the nation’s mothers. Starving of this work by a niggardly government in 1929 one of the crimes that posterity will chalk up against our democracy. Probably the house now will seek to substitute for the Jones bill its own Robison-Cooper bill, which we are told the President supports. It limits maternityinfancy aid of $1,000,000 yearly to five years, and subjects plans for this work to a federal boaid upon which Miss Abbott would be a minority. The maternity-infancy administration should be left unhampered and untrammeled in the children’s bureau. Nathan Straus “Nathan Straus is a grepit Jew and the greatest Christian of us all.” That is what the late Chief Justice William Howard Taft said about him. And now that Straus is dead at the age of 82, there are many, high and low, rich and poor, echoing Taft’s unusual tribute to him while he lived. Straus was not as rich as the world counted him. He simply distributed philanthropy more generously than most rich men, and so gained the reputation of having much more. Son of a German-Jewish peddler in the south, who was ruined by the Civil war, Nathan Straus became a large merchant in New York. Then he began to give and to give. His chief interests as a philanthropist were public health, child welfare and the Jewish homeland in Palestine. Early he gained and received the admiration of American business and political leaders. He was given political nominations, but declined them. He preferred to devote his time to his benefactions, which recognized no differences of color, race or creed.

REASON

SOME of our people have become greatly excited because a London newspaper proposes to publish in serial forr the book which Gaston B. Means wrote about former President Harding and his “strange death.” St St St There’s no occasion to get ruffled over this, since there’s no way to stop it. Certainly we should be most absurd should we ask the British government to stop such a newspaper publication when we permitted the same stuff to be published in the United States in book form. St St St If the dear Europeans can get any consolation out of the fact that our public servants are nos perfect then, for the love o’ Mike don’t deny them this, for they are so drenched with the scandals of their own statesmen they are entitled to whatever comfort they can get out of feeling that Presidents, as well as kings, are only common clay. St St St THOSE American who are becoming fussed over the imminent publication of the late Mr. Harding’s shortcomings should be able to find consolation in the fact that the public life of this country has been a lily, fair and almost undefiled, alongside the spotted chronicle of ro* r c tty. In fact, many European nations nave regarded their rulers as too pallid for their approval unless they wore scandal for a mantle. St St St We have one fear for the Harding story when it appears in this London newspaper; we fear it will prove hopelessly uninteresting and we can see the average Englishman wadding the paper into a ball and throwing it at the cat because Harding was said to have only one irregular love affair. st tt tt According to the European viewpoint, that makes a man hopelessly provincial. The father of the present king of England, Edward tho Seventh, world famous for his escapades when he vas prince of Wales, would have thought Harding a mere retailer for that prince's name always was on the lips of gossip. ts tt st THE people of this, country, however, are entitled to a rest, so fm* as the late President Harding is concerned and American publishers should get together and ring the bell on any future forays into this dead man’s latitude. He can’t defend himself and it’s, all in all. a disgusting and contemptible way to get easy money. tt M tt It’s altogether possible that Harding was not an angel, but then we are very fortunate in that we do not depend on our politicians tc supply us with angels. Otherwise, we might r>me day find ourselves rather short on wings. But the fact remains that while Harding lived, he was courted by the very fellows who now dodge and abuse him. ™

FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. K Tracy SAYS:

“Old Guard? Leaders Will Have Plenty of Trouble Renominating Hoover By United Prcst DENVER, Jan. 13.—’Twenty thousand are unemployed in this city, according to the latest survey, which would seem to be about par, though you can’t get any Denverite to admit it. Ready enough to agree that the situation is not so good, your average Denverite invariably winds up by declaring that it is just as bad, if not a little worse, in most other places, especially “back east.” Then he wants to know what they think about it “back east,” whether they can see daylight and how Hoover stands. If he happens to be a Democrat, or anti-administration Republican, he drops the depression for politics right there with such questions as: “What’s your opinion of Franklin D. Roosevelt; has ho any chance of getting the Democratic presidential nomination in 1932, and will the south support him?” s B Turn in the Tide I HAVE heard a lot of conversation along that line since leaving New York, and the bulk of it has been among people not professionally interested in politics. A tide is setting in, and though it can not be described as entirely Democratic, it certainly is against the present Republican regime. It is running right down where plain, ordinary folk live, too, which makes it doubly significant. By and large, the situation reminds me of 1894, when the country turned against Cleveland, or 1910, when it soured on Taft. If there were not so many unusual and unprecedented circumstances, one could easily guess the result, but prohibition, farm relief, foreign affairs and the power problem upset anybody’s apple cart, not to mention those innumerable pitfalls which always dog a leader’s patio. tt tt tt Talking of Roosevelt SOME signs of political weather for the near future can hardly be misread. For one thing, the south has had her lesson. She would not only support Governor Roosevelt, but a lamp-post. For another, Governor Roosevelt is the most widely talked-of possibility for the Democratic presidential nomination. For still another, old guard leaders will have plenty of trouble renominating President Hoover, much less electing him. If one could tell how reasonable dry Democrats are willing to be, or how far progressive Republicans are willing to go, there would be little mystery in the set-up. As it is, we must wait for such straws as the Wickersham report, the rumpus that is due when the senate finally gets to the World court and such squabbles as the one now in progress over three members of the power board. St St St Wickersham’s Delay SPEAKING of the Wickersham report, what is holding it up? Can’t the boys agree, or has some one tipped them off not so say anything until congress adjourns, as many people suspect? To laymen, the delay looks fishy, especially since it has been rumored on several occasions that the report would be given out such and such a day. Has somebody contracted a case of cold feet after learning what it would recommend? Nobody knows, while everybody is trying to guess, which Is creating a worse state of affairs than any recommendation, no matter how radical, could bring about. There is not one bit of use in dawdling over this issue, it has come! to stay, and we are not going to rid I ourselves of it as one of the worst political bugaboos ever developed in J this country, until we meet it j squarely. St St St Prohibition’s failure’ AS presently enforced, nullified | and scoffed at, prohibition not j only handicaps politics but about i every other major activity in the United States. It is the fat cat of every racket, has split or demoralized half the churches, furnishes the most convenient and profitable meeting ground for crime and corruption, and is responsible for most of the lawlessness from which we are suffering. The outstanding accomplishment of nation-wide prohibition thus far has been to divert an enormous revenue from the government into the hands of rum runners and beer barons, who enjoy an income, and, consequently, a power they never before knew. They have used that income and that power to surround themselves with such an aggregation of crooks and cut-throats as never before was assembled in this country.

f-'TC QAN"SITye “ iAiiivgMav W am -“- - - - -

GEORGE FOX’S DEATH January 13 G|| N Jan. 13, 1691, George Fox. founder of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, died in London. He started in life as a shoemaker, but when convinced that he was the subject of a special divine call, he adopted the career of an itinerant religious reformer. Fox first attracted attention as a youth of 25 when he arose during a sermon in a prominent Notting-' ham church and rebuked the preacher for declaring the authorship of the Scriptures to be the source of divine truth. “It is not the Scriptures,” cried out Fox, “it is the Spirit of God.” For this he was Imprisoned. He subsequently was jailed several times as a disturber of the peace. His leading doctrines or convictions were: 1. The futility of learning for the work of the ministry. 2. The presence of Christ in the heart as the “inner light” superseding all other lights. 3. 1116 necessity of trying men’s opinions and religions by the Holy Spirit and not by the Scriptures.

— Emm®*' i | ’ \

Ready-Made Diet Is Not Cure-All

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Ilygeia, the Health Magazine. THE average man is unfortunately of the belief that for every disease there is a special diet which can be handed to him on a slip by the doctor and that thereby his condition can be improved greatly. Actual facts of the matter are that the influence of diet in disease usually is exaggerated and not generally well understood. The whole purpose of dietary control of disease is to’ take from organs concerned with digestion, absorption, and assimiliation of food, any unnecessary activity, to give them a chance to overcome the changes brought about in time by disease. The physician chooses the diet for the individual patient on the basis of his knowledge of the changes that have taken place in the tissues of the patient. Certain principles are fundamental and the considerations here given are not intended in any way to modify the individual instructions given by the physician actually in charge of the case. They merely indicate the reason for these instructions when given.

IT SEEMS TO ME

I’VE added one more New Year resolution to my list. From this time forth I’m not going to serve on any honorary committee to promote the peace, prosperity or welfare of good, bad or indifferent causes. This comes from the heart. I had to get up at 10 in the morning and spend most of the day waiting around a court to testify concerning a breadline and its manager, and all I could tell the magistrate was that I knew nothing about it. I had merely lent my name. The place was filled with generals and other dignitaries in about the same fix. And because the wheels of justice move slowly, may I be pardoned for reprinting a fairy story of my own which was written eight or nine years ago? * * * Reprinted THE charm was as big as a hickory nut and of that shape. But this was a golden shell, fashioned so thin that it might be broken between thumb and forefinger—if the need arose. The prince kept it close to his hand though twenty long years before ever he called out its magic. It was a keepsake. Dying, the queen mother gave to her son the small treasure. “Use this,” she said, “when your peril is desperate. But, remember, the charm carries only a single salvation. Don’t waste it. Wait and hold back for that terror which turobs past endurance.” She died like a queen and left him her kingdom and courage, For that there was need. On the very day of his coronation he knew fear and danger. As he stood high at the altar down the aisle of the cathedral came the pretender and his ruffians. The blood of loyal troops was on their blades, and the populace fell before these desperate men with drawn swords. The prince’s right hand closed round the golden charm. His thumbnail pressed against the thin surface, but then he dropped the magic nut back into his pocket and seized the sword instead. A tremor was on him, but this was not the terror past all endurance of which his mother had sposen. His sword hand was cold, but not too numb to let him thrust and parry. tt st Resists Temptation FROM that fight he carried all his days a great white scar across his forehead, but the surface of the golden hickory nut was still smooth, for his 'nail scarcely had scratched it. Again, in a later year, he was much moved to use up his one call for help *t the Battle of Niagla, when thenervishes swept across the

Is It Ever Going to Pop?

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

Inflammation of the kidney, in the acute stage, generally means failure of the kidneys to eliminate anything at all. Obviously, the important factor in such disease is to withhold food to permit less retention of waste products in the body. In subacute forms of inflammation of the kidney, there is serious drainage of protein material from the body and perhaps some retention of waste products. Hence the diet in this stage is planned to mate good the waste of protein and perhaps to cut down tha salt. In chronic inflammation of the kidney, which is the true Bright’s disease, the amount of food, particularly protein, that the patient takes must be adjusted to ability of the kidney to take care of elimination. Hence in acute nephritis or inflammation of the kidney, it generally is safe to cut down the patient’s diet to a small amount of fruit, fruit juice, sugar and water for at least a few days, eliminating proteins almost entirely and avoiding salt. In the chronic forms of inflammation of the kidney, various special diets have been developed by

desert and charged his little army. But he waited and held back, for, as in the coronation, he could see them coming. The night in Helga Pass was a matter not at all like these earlier patterns. The prince and his courtiers had gone to hunt in the hills. He pressed on alone after dark, hoping to find some shelter, for bye knew, as did all the countryside, that this was a region blighted by enchantment. And, in particular, he feared lest he might come between the jaws of Helga Pass, where the demons were believed to walk after sundown. tt tt tt Dark and Danger THE fear that shook him was greater than any he had known as yet. Murderers, hostile armies, dragons, giants—none of these had ever so much as nipped at the pulse of the prince. Sweat poured down the face of the prince, for now he felt sure that the demons danced and he would be crushed as if his body rested between pincers. And now he took the magic globe of gold and held it between thumb and forfinger. Already he tottered on the precise edge of endurance. His fingers closed against the golden shell, which popped and broke beneath the pressure. From out the broken shell there poured great light. .Tt was as if he held within his hand c. brilliant nugget of the sun, and as the pass lay clear before him like the noonday. The sound of heavy song and

Daily Thought 1

Amend your ways and your doings.—Jeremiah 7:3. He who reforms, God assists.— Cervantes. When and how is the correct way for a man to acknowledge an introduction? A man invariably stands when he is introduce?. He must wait until the woman extends her hand before he offers bis own. He may say: “I am delighted to know you, Miss Brown,” or “How do you do, Miss Jones, I am very glad to know you.” What was the vote for the Socialist candidate for Governor of New York in 192? It was 101.859. What role did Edmund Lowe play in “Scotland Yard”? He played two roles—Dakin Barrolles and also Sir John Lasher, What is the estimated population of the world-la 1,906,000,000. ■

experts in this field. They make their decisions on studies of the blood, which indicate whether the kidney, properly is eliminating protein and waste products, or whether these substances are being retained in the blood, If there is retention of such substances, the protein given generally is small in amount. If there is excessive loss of protein, then the diet which is given is planned to contain larger amounts of protein material, such as can be secured from eggs, milk, lean meat and similar substances. A low protein diet might include, for example, a breakfast of stewed apricots, small amount of cream of wheat or similar cereal, whole wheat bread and a cereal coffee; a luncheon including a cream of celery or tomato soup, apple* salad, bread and butter, and a fresh fruit with six ounces of milk; a dinner including one egg, baked potato, some squash and string beans, lettuce salad, orange ice, one slice of bread and some de-eaffeinated coffee. It may be understood that the materials thus recommended are not meant to be the same for every day, but that variations may be made, provided the foods chosen are along the same lines.

HEYWOOD bl BROUN

crunching leaves was explained easily, for a giant stood close by in tha path. “Why,” said the prince, much relieved, “all this was nothing but a giant 100 feet tall.” Upon the instant his heart grew strong and steady. He took his sword and killed the giant. At that the light died down, but the terror of ti>e darkness had departed, and he groped his way back before dawn to his companions. To them he confessed that it had been necessary for him to call upon his charm. “And was it magic?” they inquired. “No,” said the prince; “it was no more than a light to shine in the darkness.” (Copyright. 1931. by The Times'

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one. of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor

.JAN. 13, 1931

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ Famed Scientists Are Daring in Their Treatment of Problems of the Universe^ IT is a significant sign of the trend of modern science that the t® most interesting papers of the set?, eral thousand read at the annoat convention of the American Association of Advancement of Science, in Cleveland, both dealt with Q® universe as a whole. tZZ They were the presidential address of Dr. R. A. Millikan, worlds famous physicist and Nobel prijt winner, attacking the question of the ultimate fate of the and the paper of Dr. Harlow shaju ley, director of the Harvard obserr vatory and one of the world’s moqf brilliant astronomers, discussing the size and structure of the universe. Not since the days of the ancieijls; have savants had the courage to deal with the universe as a whole with the boldness that present-dajl astronomers and physicists areshowing. To the ancients, the problem wai a simple one. The earth was t|g*. center of the universe. The universewas a series of concentric sphere around the earth, which held the moon, sun, and planets, while- thtr outermost sphere held the stars. - This simple structure toppled wftfT the establishment of the Coparnf can system some 300 years ago, the, system which taught that theplanets revolved around the sun. St St ts __ Island Galaxies WITH the passage of time and the building of larger a rad larger telescopes, the problem of the universe became more and more complex. Each new telescope rEF vealed a large number of new stajjc The problem was one which baffled astronomers until the present, century. The first three decades .at the present century have seen two interesting developments, one, the realization that the universe wat far larger than astronomers of the. nineteenth century had supposed, and two, the beginning of an understanding of the organization and structure of the universe. Shapley has played a major roip in both these developments. It 4* largely due to his efforts that astronomers now are seeking a suil* able name for a unit of measqxs which will be equal to 10,000,009 light years, that is 10,000,000 tiraa* 6,000,000,000,000 miles. Shapley’s conclusions stated fore the Cleveland convention msv be summarized as follows: That the unit of organization Hi' the uinverse is -a great cloud at some billions of stars, known as tin island galaxy of spiral nebula. —* That our own Milky Way galaxy, a collection of some 40,00C* 000,000 stars which include our own sun, is a super-galaxy, a sort of archipelago formed by the running together of ten or twelve island galaxies. That the island galaxies are not scattered uniformly through spaoej but show a distinct tendency JLo congregate in chains or groups. - St St St Rays of Hope DR. MILLIKAN in his address painted an optimistic picturjj for the future of the universe, disagreeing emphatically with Sir James Jeans and Sir Arthur Ell dington, the British astronomers. - Jeans and Eddington, following”* suggestion first made by MacMillan of the University of Chicago, have developed the theory that the energy of our own sun and the othet stars is generated by the annihilation of matter within these bodies. - This means that the stars and the sun slowly are burning them-: selves out, and one day will be cold bodies. ,-L. Jeans regards our universe likela clock which was wound up at some dim, distant time in the past and which now slowly, but inevitably is running down. Some day, he lieves, it will stop. He sees no mechanism for causing it to start up again. Milikan, on the other hand, 053 gards the cosmic rays which enter the earth’s atmosphere from outer space, as a sort of invisible raHL bow of hope in the distant heavens. These rays, he said, are of such nature, and come in so uniformly from all space, showing no conceit: tration in the direction of the sun or the Milky Way, that they owi be explained only as the uct of a process by which matter is created anew out of energy in the distant reaches of the universe. . According to Millikan’s view, ttit stars indeed are burning themselves out, but the process by which new stars eventually will be created already is under way.