Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 204, Indianapolis, Marion County, 3 January 1931 — Page 4

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SCKIPf’J-MOWAjtb

The Hero of the Marne Passes Joseph Jacques Cesalre J off re, marshal of France, but better known to his poilus as ‘ Papa Joffre, has joined the ever-increasing majority of World war leaders now answering roll call in Walhalla. We still are too close to the great war to judge the commanders of its legions. Some did spectacular things and won instant acclaim. Others performed less theatrically, but none the less well. So it will take another generation accurately to weigh their deeds. But one thing, even now, is becoming fairly clear to the unprejudiced students of that frightful bloodletting and that is that Marshal Joffre probably was one of France’s two most worthy captains, the other being Marshal Foch. As different, these two figures, as a brick wall differs from a damascus blade, they were, nevertheless, complementary personalities, and it was precisely because of this, rather than in> spite of it, that the war terminated the way it did. Foch was like a rapier flashing in the sun. Joffre was like a redoubt, massive and strong. Some there are who belittle Joffre. But he earned immortality when, in 1914, he resisted the tempta-. tion to play to the galleries. For weeks a terrified France, remembering 1870, was clamoring for him to stop retreating and fight. But stubbornly he refused to engage the Germans in a decisive battle until he felt he had at least a sporting chance to win. A less determined leader, a more impatient, excitable leader, or a leader less conscious of the stupendous responsibilities which were his, would have yielded to the panic of the moment and staked everything on a stand along the River Aisne. And he. would have gone to certain and everlasting destruction. Joffre. kept up his heart-breaking retreat to the very gates of Paris and the valley of the Marne. Then only did he tell his generals that "the situation now seems favorable,” and that “the hour has come to advance or die where we stand.” Joffrc’s victory at the first battle of the Marne Is history, but here it may be recorded that the second battle of the Marne, and final victory, never would have been if this stolid Frenchman had not held true to his own course despite the clamor of a nation in panic.

A Power Company Loses Four judges of the United States supreme court have passed upon the Issue whether a privately owned power company was engaged in deliberate sabotage against the public interest. They sustained a lower court decision that there had been sabotage. The case involved the Broad river power interests’ Columbia Railway Gas and Electric Company in South Carolina. This public utility has a charter from the state of South Carolina. Under its charter it hat the right to serve its district with power and light, and with street railway transportation; and it also has a duty to perform these services fairly and to give proper accommodations to the public. The company wanted to keep its power, electric and gas light business, but it wanted to get out of the street railway business. To accomplish this purpose, it claimed that the street railway business was not profitable. It therefore asserted the right to abandon this part of its business, and to relieve itself of its public obligation. The supreme court of South Carolina denied the company’s claim to escape from its franchise duties. The case went to the United States supreme court, and was considered twice—once at the last term of the court and once during the present term. The first time the court held against the power company. The case came up for argument again, and recently was decided. Four of the justices said that the company's charter was indivisible, that it would have to operate the street railway line, since it was making a profit on the business as a whole. Four of the remaining judges also ruled against the company, but for different reasons—reasons which throw light on the dangerous extremes to which a privately owned power company has dared to go in defeating the needs of the public and in escaping from its obligations. The United States supreme court Judges who took t his view are the most conservative on the court, and so their finding has especial weight. They are Van Devan ter, Mcßeynolds, Sutherland and Butler. They said that there was in the record evidence which justified the state court in finding as follows; That the power company did not make an honest effort to make the street railway business a success; that it wanted to get out of this business and deliberately tried to depress this branch of the business so that it might claim that any state order for continuance of the service was unconstitutional; that if it had tried to run the business properly, the public would have patronized the street car system up to the point where it made a profit. Vestiges of the Subject Sex In a Washington court case was a woman who had been injured in an automobile accident. Her foot had to be amputated. She sued for damages. Her husband settled the case for $350 and used it to get a divorce from her, leaving the divorced wife with one foot and three dependent children. Was this a nice way to treat a lady? This and similar cases are cited by the National Woman’s party in its booklet on “The Denial of Justice to Women." Some twenty years ago Charlotte Perkins Gilman, noted feminist and humanitarian, wrote a book entitled “The Man-Made World.” Here she showed how male dominion had produced our present civilization and calied attention to the disabilities of women which still existed and held up the march of progress. Emancipation of women in this country has been so spectacular in certain regards since that time that many have supposed that women no longer labor under any disadvantages in this land of the free. It is well, therefore, that the National Woman's party has prepared a concise pamphlet summarizing the wide range and variety of discriminations against women in American law. The rights of the male parent in regard to children far exceed those of the mother. In some states the father is the sole guardian of a minor child. In others he has the sole right to collect the wages of the child. In some cases only the father can collect damages for the death of a child. Yet there is no hesitancy in giving the woman full credit and opportunity in regard to the burdens of illegitimacy. If the father has most of the rights connected with the legitimate child, the mother monopolizes the disadvantages of bearing children out of wedlock. She bears the shame which still is attached to the birth of an illegitimate child. Further, she must stand most of the economic burden. Either there are no laws compelling the father to contribute to his illegitimate child or else the legal provisions for support are quite inadequate. In most states the illegitimate child can not inherit any part of Its father's property.

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIPPS-HOWAKO XEW BP APE R) Owned end pnbllshed daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Time# Publishing Cos., £l4-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. BOY W. HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON Editor President Bn si ness Manager PHONE—Riley 0551 SATURDAY. JAN. 3. 1831. Member of United Press. Scrippa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.*'

The married woman is penalized in various political and economic ways. In some states she has to go through a complicated court procedure to enter business. In others she can not collect damages unless her husband concurs, and in some the husband can collect damages for personal injuries to his wife. Under the community property act, which prevails in many states, the husband’s and wife’s money is pooled, as far as funds, earnings and savings are concerned, but the husband possesses almost supreme control when it comes to spending the pooled resources. In three states the husband can deed away the pooled common property without his wife’s consent. In willing community property the husband also has far greater independence. In forty states the services of the wife legally belong to the husband and in three he can collect her wages. In some states he can dbllect damages against a third party for loss of his wife’s services. There still are many political disabilities which hover over womankind. She sometimes has more severe voting qualifications Imposed. She is excluded from certain political offices, and from jury service in twenty-seven states. She still lias greater difficulties than a man in admission to the United States, in admission to citizenship and in retention of citizenship. In the case of "Ma” Ferguson in Texas, she had to petition the court to remove her disabilities as a married woman before she could act as Governor of the state, and her husband’s consent had to be procured before the court so could order. We now proudly contend tliat this is the age of sex equality, even to the point of pipe-smoking and unlimited consumption of firewater. It is about time we made this boast good in the above matters, which relates deeply to important matters of daily life. We feel, however, that the ladies protest a little too much when they find fault with legal protection which forbids their employment at night or for excessive working hours. Such legislation has been looked upon as a gain to civilization and womankind alike.

Caribbean Revolts Now that revolution has broken out in Panama and the Nicaraguan revolutionists are busy again, the bankruptcy of our Caribbean policy is about complete. Added to the troubles in those two protectorates or quasi-protectorates are the movements of revolt in Haiti and Cuba. The issue in Panama; as in Cuba, is essentially one of dictatorship. Washington is unable to force upon the Panamans anew treaty extending our invasion of that republic’s sovereignty. In the diplomatic wire-pulling necessary to maintain our unnatural position of dominance in the domestic affairs of that coufitry, we wink at the deals of local politicians who do our bidding. But there is some excuse for our difficulties in Panama, which arise largely from the Panama canal relationship. There is less reaason for the state department’s support of the Machado dictatorship and terror in Cuba. So long as the Platt amendment and the treaty are in force, we are responsible for protecting the civil rights of Cubans against just such terrorism as now practised with our tacit consent by Machado. Until we withdraw diplomatic support from Machado, and thus permit the Cubans to choose a representative government, the blood of Cuban liberty will continue to be on our hands. Our duty in Haiti and Nicaragu is even simpler. We should withdraw all our marines at once from those nominally sovereign nations. There was no excuse for American military invasion and domination of those countries to begin with, and there is even less excuse for perpetuating the mistake. This fact has been admitted, indirectly at least, in the repeated pledges by the Washington government to withdraw marines from Haiti and Nicaragua. But while the administration refuses to honor its pledge, American troops will continue to kill and to be killed, as in the Nicaraguan ambush on New Year’s day. A British scientist says the earth is expanding at such a terrific rate it is exploding. Maybe this explains why so many revolutions have broken out of late.

REASON

THE passing of that quaint and brilliant soul, Kin Hubbard, carries me back twenty-four years to a heated political campaign in the Eleventh Indiana district, when your humble servant and others were engaged in the regular biennial free-for-all for the congressional nomination. 0 0 0 Those were the days of delegate conventions, when the air was full of gunpowder, when hundreds of men were plunged into bitter strife for months, and when the climax, the congressional convention, was more exciting than anj' thing one now finds in the movies. 000 The Eleventh district was a battle field; it had been ever since that memorable convention at Wabash in 1902, when Yours Truly was nominated for congress on the 1,012 th ballot, after a struggle of two days and nights, the proceedings having been marked by a near-cyclone and a near-riot. 000 SO in 1906 the paper Kin Hubbard worked for, sent sent him up to the Eleventh district to make pictures of the battle as it progressed. He came with Billy Blodgett, the veteran political writer of the Indianapolis News, and it was my joy to have the society of this highly entertaining pair for something like a week. 000 They would attend the meetings during the day, then Blodgett would write them up and Hubbard would illustrate them, after which the hours, until bedtime, which time was very elastic, would be given over to loafing and during those hours Hubbard was an endless delight, his humor being as inexhaustible as irresistible. 000 The night after this truly great humorist passed over the Great Divide I searched for an old scrap book and + here found the illustrated articles of those old political days and there was a feeling of loneliness and considerable antiquity, as one reflected that the writer and illustrator had both progressed to some other star. 000 MORE than an.v other, save James Whitcomb Riley, Kin Hubbard s genius revealed the genuine Hoosier, that once derided and later beloved character who hoped through his hardships and smiled through his ague. Their vehicles of expression were different, but their messages the same. 000 Kin Hubbard’s gems, assembled in his Year Book, will live long after you and I are gone; they will live because they are delightfully subtle; they are valid and penetrating slants on the time and the people thereof; they are clean and fine and irresistible and so they will live. We are glad to know that Kin Hbbbard knew he had arrived before he had to go. v .

FREDERICK B LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES .

SCIENCE

•BY DAVID DrETZ-

Meteorite Was Shivered to Dust When It Struck Arizona Soil, Investigator Believes. THE great meteorite which struck the earth centuries ago near Canyon Diablo, Arizona, and brought into existence the so-called Meteor crater, consisted chiefly of stone and was shivered to fine dust by the impact. This is the conclusion of Professor Herman L. Fairchild, who has made a careful study of the geology of the region. His view runs counter to the earlier view that the meteorite was a great mass of iron which was supposed to lie buried beneath the walls of the crater. The crater is 4,000 feet in diameter and has walls rising 150 feet above the desert. The theory that the meteorite was iron arose from the fact that hundreds of lumps of iron ranging up to one weighing 1,400 pounds have been found on the desert in the neighborhood of the erdter. However, numerous shafts which have been sunk in the crater in recent years have revealed no trace of iron. Professor Fairchild’s theory is that the meteorite which came plunging in the earth’s atmosphere from outer space consisted of a great mass of stonq, which included many nodules of iron. He believes that the force of the impact was so great that the meteorite was crushed to fine dust. The nodules of iron, however, escaped when tlie stone matrix which held them was crumbled. The explosive force of the impact scattered these nodules of iron along with the dust over the surrounding desert, he believes. ana Bolide Brittle THE size of the crater does not indicate directly the size of the meteorite, Professor Fairchild says. Two factors were responsible for the formation of the crater. One was the mass of the meteorite. The other was the velocity. The temperature of the meteorite is also an important factor in settling its fate, he says. “To the degree that its internal temperature was low, the mass was correspondingly brittle, whether iron or mostly stone,” he says. “If the body had suddenly arrived from extra-solar space, as a casual visitor to our planetary system, it probably had very high velocity and was intensely cold. “And even if it had been aimlessly wandering with some relation to the sun, it probably had very low temperature and a velocity not less than that of the observed meteors. “The violent impact which produced so great effect on the earth must have shattered the bolide, whatever its velocity, temperature,’ and substance. “If it was largely stony material, as all the facts appear to indicate, the stone was shivered to dust and swept away in a cloud of vapor, in which case only the included nodular masses of iron-alloy are the existing remnants. “There is no doubt that the thousands of nickelifereus irons found over the desert was associated with the huge bolide. The question is—how did they acquire such dispersion? “Were they detached companions of the main body, or are they projected fragments of the disrupted tt tt Detached Pieces r\R. FAIRCHILD is inclined to believe that there were a few free associated bits of iron, but that most of the iron existed as nodules in the mass of the main meteorite or bolide. “Dr. O. C. Farrington writes that some rpecimens of the irons in the Field museum have surface features which prove that they fell as individual units,” Dr. Fairchild says ‘•This would indicate that the great bolide did have some free associates, as might be expected. “But the fact that the great majority of irons have irregular forms, with no surficial features produced by atmospheric friction and heat, argues for their inclusion in other material, either as detachments or as an integral part of the gr--it meteor. “If the irons found over the desert, through a radial distance of four miles, were loose adherents of the central mass, or if they had become detached by the resistance of the earth’s atmosphere, then they formed a group some eight miles in diameter. “And as distinct units, with original velocity like that of the parent body, the larger ones, with weight of many hundred pounds, * should have produced individual craters or pittings in the ground surface. “If the great bolide buried itself under 1,400 feet of solid rock, then the detached units should have behaved in similar manner. But no such pittings of the desert have been noted. “Os course, In time the ‘cloudburst’ storms and high winds of tjie desert region would obliterate the pittings by filling and such irons as were imbedded, would be entirely or partially buried. “But all information is to the effect that all the thousands of collected irons lay exposed on the open surface of the desert. “The iron nodules which were inclusions in the disrupted bolide, and were projected by the explosive reaction, had momentum only sufficient to carry them, like a shot from a mortar, to their positions to the plain.”

Questions and Answers

What was the greatest extent of the territory over which Napoleon ruled? Did he conquer England? When Napoleon was at the height of his power his rule extended from Lubeck to beyond Rome, embracing Prance proper, the Netherlands, part of western and northwestern Germany, all western Italy as far south as the Kingdom of Naples, together with the Illyrian provinces and the lonian islands. On all sides were allied, vassal, or dependent states. Several of the ancient thrones of Europe were occupied by Napoleon’s relatives or his favorite marshals. He himself was king of the Kingdom of Italy, protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, and mediator of Switzerland. Russia and Denmark were his allies. He failed, however, to conquer England.

H j •• -jsp

Intestinal Obstruction Is Serious

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. WHEREAS almost every one Is conversant with the symptoms of constipation, whether acute or chronic, few people realize the great seriousness of the condition known as acute intestinal obstruction. This condition results from some serious interference with the blood supply or the nerve supply to the bowels, causing the stopping of the passage of material from the intestines. In fifty-six cases reported by one investigator, there were twenty-four deaths* and in the records of practically all observers the mortality is high.

IT SEEMS TO ME

TT is customary for a columnist to write a piece annually on New Year's resolutions. I respect the old tradition. Generally the stunt is to say something about swearing off liquor and tobacco and gambling and then indicate that you don’t really mean it. I myself have written this particular column a great many times. Occasionally it has been thrown in even without the excuse of an imminent New Year. But now I can say truthfully that for 1931 I shall pledge myself to none of these things. My chief resolution is to be much more lazy. I have no intention of working as hard during the next twelve months. And it is only reasonable that the New Year should bring fewer tasks. Certain activities of 1930 will have to be cancelled. I don’t need a resolution to get out of them. For instance, I can’t run for congress this year, because there won’t be any congressional election. And it isn’t likely that I will play the Palace theater, for when I spoke of the possibility of a return engagement to my vaudeville manager he said, “Oh, let’s talk about that a couple of years from now!” u tt Indication of Energy HERE is my justification for the decision to loaf more extensively. In 1930 I wrote approximately 300 newspaper columns. I ran two free employment agencies and conducted a publicity campaign to support them. George Britt and I finished a book on the subject of race and religious prejudice. Congress and the Palace theater already have been mentioned. Radio was anew chore and involved something more than a hundred broadcasts. For a short period a collection of twenty-five Early Brouns was placed on exhibition. I "got arrested and acquitted and spent a night in the municipal lodging house. The poker game met once a week, arid on rare occasions friends persuaded me to enter places where it was possible to get beverages just off the boats. By dint of dieting and severe exercise throughout 1930 I lost two pounds. I had a tooth pulled and conducted an unsuccessful experiment in buying odd lots of stock for cash and forgetting them. Twice I had my picture taken for short sound reels, and while running for congress a record of 210 speeches was established. This total is more imposing as an indication of activity if left discreetly alone. Some of the claims won’t stand a great deal of scrutiny. For instance, not every word in the 300 newspaper columns was set hot and fresh from my own fingertips. There were contributions. There was reprinting by request and without it. ' a a a Leave It to Collaborator IN the matter of the book I followed my usual custom and allowed the collaborator free hand to do practically all the work. Still I need not minimize a very, reasonable record of energy. Nothing is being asserted here about achievements, and already I find I have omitted one considerable item. In addition to the newspaper pieces there were about seventy-five magazine articles, mostly in The Nation. Now, all this runs up to a terrible lot of work. I was figuring out the other day that in the last twenty years I must have written an average of something like 2,000 words a day., If my addition is any good, that comes to 700,000 a year or thereabouts. And on twenty years you get a perfectly horrid total of 14,000,000 words, and that’s a lot of words, even if most of them happen to be “a," “the,” with a few “ands.” Probably that’s as much as the total output of Thackeray, Dickens

Counting Their Chickens!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE ■

In the vast majority of cases the reason for the mortality appears to be the delayed consultation of competent advice and the delay in diagnosis of the condition. In practically every case there is severe pain in the abdomen, usually coming in paroxysms and sufficiently severe to prostrate the patient. Not infrequently there is gangrene of the intestines and the absorption of toxic material brings about all the symptoms of severe poisoning. There furthermore is vomiting constantly associated with the pain, and the pouring out of the body of a large amount of fluid results in acidosis. In many instances the onset of acute intestinal obstruction Is like

and Shakespeare combined, and you might throw in Walter Scott. Yes, let’s throw him in. a a a The Weight of Words 1 REALIZE that there is no fame in mere weight of words. The gentlemen whom I have mentioned used better ones and in more interesting and skilful combinations. I am just talking of muscular activity. How did I ever get myself into any such speedup system? It’s laziness, I suppose, which lies at the bottom of it all. A lazy man is too indolent to stop and rest once he gets moving. I haven’t had sufficient character to take my ease. It requires determination to sit down in the sun and rest your back against a tree. Huckleberry Finn was, in his way, just as great a genius as Edison. And so his is the example which I hope to emulate in 1931. I must find myself some raft and a Mississippi in which to float it. It is up to me to smoke a corncob pipe and look awhile at stars and keep my trap shut. You see, I realize that in pounding out so very many millions of words I have worn pathways like those tracks which were left by the prisoner of Chillon. Any number of phrases constitute for me stimuli which set me to pacing well-remem-bered columnar paths again. I have the uneasy feeling that there is something familiar about these places. “Haven’t I been here before?” I ask myself. And not infrequently I know damn well I have. For 1931 fewer and better words and, if possible, no speeches whatsoever. I am tired of getting stuck in places where I have to pull the mule story. It might be a happy year for me and several others if

BATTLE OF PRINCETON —Jan. 3

ON Jan. 3, 1777, Washington, fresh from his victory at Trenton, soundly defeated the British at Princeton, in one of the most decisive battles of the Revolutionary war. Cornwallis, British commander, had left part of his force at Princeton, N. J., in order to hurry south to catch Washington. He found him between Trenton and a bend of the Delaware. Thinking that Washington could not hope to escape, with the British army in front of him and the icechoked river behind, Cornwallis expected to “bag the old fox" in the morning. At night, however, Washington crept stealthily around the British and reached Princeton just at a time when the American force was being driven back. Then Washington, riding at the head of his troops, advanced to within thirty yards of the enemy and directed the battle. When the smoke of the battle had cleared, the British were found to have lost heavily. Soon after, Washington led his army to the hills of Morristown, in northern New Jersey, where they spent the rest of the winter.

Daily Thought

But the wicked are like the troubled sea, when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and. dirt.-—lsaiah 57:29. The majority is w£ked— Bias.

an attack of severe peritonitis. The physician who studies the case can tell from the nature of the onset of the disease, the relationship of the symptoms and the progress of the condition what is going on inside the abdomen. If the patient’s condition is not serious when first seen as to demand immediate operation, it is possible to study the case by the use of the X-ray. What the average person needs to know to prevent much of the serious mortality from this disease is the fact that the occurrence of severe cramps or paroxysms accompanied by prostrations, explosive vomiting and general depression, should demand immediate medical attention. Any delay merely increases the likelihood of fatality.

_. v HEYWOOD BROUN

twelve months go by and nothing whatsoever is written by me about the art of painting or the antics of Captain Flagg. I must brush up on my poker. I shall have to go to more night clubs. Speakeasies deserve a larger portion of my time. In other words, 1931 is going to be for me a year of great mental concentration and less waste motion. If all goes well, I intend to cut that 700,000-word output down to half a million.

People’s Voice

Editor Times—l am a married woman and my husband makes $25 a week when he works, five and onehalf days. Ido not work, for I believe homemaking is a married woman’s job, and she can’t do that well and hold down another job. And what is worth doing at all is worth doing well. • We have no children, but if we did, I still would be at home, for I have observed the appearance and habits of the children whose mothers work, and they surely are a poor advertisement for the mother who works and claims she can do her duty as a mother and wife also. In extreme cases some married women must work, but my observation is that most married women work because they think it smart and modem to acquire luxuries and get out of cooking. All the working married women I know personally claim their husbands are making at least S4O a week, and some more, yet they say they have to work. I am reminded of an attractive, intelligent widow with children who was “laid off” at the factory where she worked in another town. She can’t get work and is dependent on charity. Yet when the stores took on holiday help, they didn’t hire her. They took the well-dressed married women. Let’s play fair! Give the men a chance. Let the married woman take back her real job—homemaking. Let the widow and the single girl, who must work, get a living wage. A MARRIED WOMAN WHO LOVES HER HOME. What is the address of Rex Maxon, cartoonist? Mail addressed to 150 Nassau street, New York, will reach Maxon. Who were In the cast of the photoplay “As Mari Desires?” Milton Sills, Viola Dana, Ruth Cliffords Rosemary Theby,. Irving Cummings, Paul Nicholson, Tom Kennedy, Hector Sarno, Lou Payne, Anna May Walthal, Edneh Altemus and Frank Leigh.

Giving a Party? Our Washington Bureau’s bulletin on Party Menus, Prizes and Favors will prove helpful to the hostess planning a big or little party. The bulletin will be particularly valuable to the hostess who wishes to make up herself, inexpensive and unique prizes and iavors for her party. It contains many suggestions for such small gifts—particularly “booby prize” gifts that any hostess can prepare herself from inexpensive materials. Pill out the coupon below and send for it. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 108, Washington Bureau, The Indinnapoiis Times. 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin PARTY MENUS, PRIZES AND FAVORS, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or United States stamps, for return postage and handling cocts. Name Street and No City State I am a daily reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

JAN/ 3, 1931

M. E. Tracy

SAYS:

Americans Are in the Midst of a Fourth Great Movement, This Time From \ North to South. CAN ANTONIO, Tex., Jan. 3. j There have been three great; ! movements in the building of AmerS ica—first, crossing of the Atlantic;, second, an advance intd the midwest, or prairie section; third, con- : quest of the Pacific slope, i We now are in the midst of a I fourth movement. Unlike those preceding it, which were from east to west, it is from north to south. Persecution played a large part in driving the earlier colonists to take such desperate chances as they obviously did. A pioneering spirit was the logical result, and that inspired their children to pursue the sunset for more adventure. News of gold drew them over the Rocky mountains, and a delightful climate made them content to settle there. From a superficial standpoints the southward drift may appear to be more calculated and rational, but it, too, is the by-product of circumstances. u a Advantages Are Many XTO one can go through the south, especially that part of it lying west of the Mississippi, without realizing how peculiarly it is adapted to certain recent innovations, or how popular they are bound to make it. Take the automobile, for Instance, around which has developed our greatest single industry. Who can drive one through the south in December or January without perceiving the natural advantages of this section. Or, take refrigeration and the. tin can, and who can behold the long trains of fruit and vegetables coming up from the Rio Grande valley or the numerous preserving plants which are springing up on every hand, without appreciating what they mean to southern agriculture. a a a Winter Was Boon YOU have heard a lot about the hardships of winter in connection with the history of our New England forbears, but it had another and more helpful side. If a long season of low temperature exposed them to suffering, it preserved their food supply, while their southern neighbors struggled’ with rot and mold. Also, it made lumbering operations profitable at a time when products of the forest were needed badly, and before the steam engine or tractor had enabled men to tap the wealth of southern pine. The automotive vehicle has made winter a nuisance, while refrigeration has made it unnecessary. Any one can reason the effect from there on. a u a Texas Is Blessed THE south, ahd particularly | Texas, not only is adapted to the. use of some of our most im - portant inventions, but possesses abundance of those raw material* essential to their exploitation. Oil for the combustion engine; ' natural gas for heating, cooking i and manufacturing; oil, gas, coal and lignite for electricity; wide, i level expanses for the airport—no] one but a dunce can so much asi glimpse the picture without getting I a good idea of what it implies. And the thing becomes still morel apparent when one reviews what* already has occurred. There are four cities in Texas today with an aggregate population of 1,000,000 where there.were only four good-sized towns fifty years ago, and they have some excuse for existing besides real. es-. tate bunk or whoopee in the hotels. a a it . South Is Optimistic - NO, I’m not writing press agent copy for the south, or even Texas, but just calling attention to an economic tendency which is altering conditions from a nationwide standpoint, which is bound to manifest itself in certain political changes, and which we might just as well recognize now as later on. Those who keep harping about the “Bible belt” as illustrated by the Scopes case, and who try to portray it as the most si c niflcant facorto of human progress south of the Mason-Dixon line, show no more intelligence than if they spent the rest of their lives pointing out a fly speck on the second story window of a skyscraper. If anything, the south not only is more optimistic, but more commercially minded than any other section of this country, with the possible exception of California, more thoroughly sold on her material advantages and prospects, more determined to capitalize them. What appears to worry her most about the existing depression is not its effect upon her own people, but whether it has spoiled opportunities for getting more capital from the outside. What is the seating capacity of the Yankee stadium In New York? What is the record attendance at a baseball game there? ■ The seating capacity is 80,000 and the record attendance at a baseball game, was 85,285, at a double-header between the Yankees and the Philadelphia Athletics, Sept. 9, 1928.