Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 200, Indianapolis, Marion County, 30 December 1930 — Page 4

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S C H IBP J -HOWKM'tf

Absurd, but Serious Were it not for more serious implications and unfair inferences, the latest edict of the prohibition department to hotels, cases and dubs namely would place it in an absurd position. Warning has been sent to these places, patronized by the most law-abiding, conservative and respected of citizens, that they will be padlocked if they sell ginger ale or charged waters to those who gather to welcome the New Year. If any evidence were needed of the failure of prohibition and of the department to enforce the law, it is found in this order. The prohibition department, which boasts that it specializes on preventing the manufacture or importation of liquor, takes it for granted that everyone who revels will have a bottle and that every one who orders a bottle of ginger ale intends to violate the law. Just how right they are in these inferences may be judged by the fact that two of the most exclusive clubs of the city, whose rosters of membership read like a combination of the Blue Book and the Bankers’ Directory, promptly cancelled their arrangements for revels. If that means anything, it strongly suggests that these very respected citizens, the bulwark of industry, commerce, finance and society, do violate the prohibition law. They would shudder at the thought of crossing the line on any other statute-made crime. Certainly if the memberships in such clubs have a right to violate the law, so does the rest of our citizenship. The order of the department, aside from being a complete confession of failure, is evidence of the fact that a very large portion of the community, not criminal but respectable, does not believe in the law and does not regard its violation as either criminal or reprehensible. Tn a nation where the will of the people presumably is the law r of the land, such condition no longer is tolerable, but monstrous and preposterous. Asa matter of fact, the order itself is a farce. There is as yet no law against drinking ginger ale cooled with ice. Nor has Volsteadism reached the insanity of ordering its prospective violators to drink their liquor straight. That there may be those who mix their - drinks with water would be as good an excuse for ordering hotels to serve no water to patrons. Os course, the department was bluffing. There will be ro padlocks on clubs in which party leaders have memberships. There will be no locks on hotels owned by those who contribute generously to campaigns. Perhaps it was a gesture for the benefit of those who do not belong to clubs, who have no money for hotel revels, with the purpose of fooling them into the idea that the law is being enforced against all alike. Lucas Is Funny It has been remarked that a man of higher ethical sense would not have stooped to the methods used unsuccessfully by Executive Director Lucas of the Republican national committee to defeat Senator Norris, candidate of the Nebraska Republicans. Now that he has been caught with the goods, so to speak, Lucas reveals that he has another lack 'which is a serious shortcoming in a politician. He lacks a sense of humor. Otherwise, he would not attempt to justxfy his unjustifiable methods with the argument that Norris, having voted for a Democratic presidential candidate In 1928, is not a Republican. Os all persons the party chief under the Hoover administration should be the last to raise the cry of party regularity. Is Lucas himself a Republican? Has he forgotten that he was a Bull Moose in 1912. Is Hoover a Republican? Has Lucas forgotten that the Republican old guard in 1928 tried to prevent Hoover’s nomination, on the ground that he was a Democrat? Hoover also supported Woodrow Wilson’s appeal lor a Democratic congress in 1918, and failed to withdraw his name in 1920 as a Democratic presidential candidate in the Michigan primary. Ls the Hoover cabinet Republican? Has Lucas forgotten that Attorney-General Mitchell was a Democrat, that Secretary of the Navy Adams once was a Democratic mayor, and that Postmaster General Brown was a Bull Moose leader? Are Hoover’s political advisers Republicans? For instance. Henry Allen, Hoover’s publicity manager; Assistant Secretary of Interior Dixon, who advised the supreme court appointment of Judge Parker as "a master political stroke:” and French Strother, Hoover’s secretary? Has Lucas forgotten that Allen and Dixon were Bull Moose, and Strother a Democrat? Are Hoover’s aids in congress Republicans? Senator Deneen, who rises on the floor to defend the President —has Lucas forgotten that he was a Bull Moose? So were Senators Capper and Carey, not to mention the progressive group in the senate, most of whom were Bull Moose. And has Lucas forgotten those congressmen who now call themselves Republicans, but who once sat as Democrats. Men like Representative Campbell of Pennsylvania, and Representative Clancy of Michigan, or the old Bull Moose, such as Representative Kelly of Pennsylvania, and Chairman Temple of the house foreign affairs committee? Has Lucas forgotten W. W. Atterbury, the Republican national committeeman from Pennsylvania, who refused to support the Republican gubernatorial candidate, and Representative Graham, chairman of the house judiciary committee and chairman of the i Pennsylvania congressional campaign committee, who l joined with Atterbury in supporting the Democratic I candidate. Has Lucas forgotten that, big gun of the ReI publican ‘'regulars,’’ Albert Fall, senator, secretary lof the interior until that little Teapot Dome matter. |a4d party boss? Was not Fall a Democrat!® legis-

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWABD NEWSPAPER! Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Time* Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Jnd. Price In Marion County, 2 cent* a copy; elsewhere, S cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week." BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 5551 TUESDAY, DEC. 30, 1930. Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

lator in New Mexico and the judicial appointee of a Democratic President? But there is no need to drag out the long and —for Lucas—painful lack of party regularity of Hoover and many Hoover aids, including himself. For Hoover already has passed on the question raised by Lucas as to whether scratching a presidential ballot in 1928 reads a man out of his party. Hoover settled this question in favor of Norris and against Lucas, w'hen the President chose Frank McNinch as a federal power commissioner. Under the law, Hoover is prevented from naming more than three of the five power commissioners from one party. After naming three Republicans, Hoover picked McNinch as a Democrat—McNinch being the man who ran the Hoover campaign in North Carolina in 1928. Now all this is very funny and makes Lucas look foolish in his attempt to force Norris out of the Republican party. Amusing as it is, however, it has very little to do with Norris’ position in the Republican party. Unlike Lucas, Norris was not chosen for his job by a few men in Washington. Norris was nominated and elected by the Republican voters of Nebraska. Os course Hoover and Lucas d9n’t like it. But there is nothing they can do about it. Until the Republican party is reorganized along the Fascist dictatorship lines of Mussolini, the voters, j and not Lucas, are going to determine party labels—not that party labels mean anything in the present 1 political chaos, when a former Republican is Democratic national chairman and a former Democrat is Republican President. Catching Up With Science Report of the subcommittee on medical care of prisoners of the national crime commission is a sound and sane document. It advocates indeterminate sentences, through classification of prisoners, psychiatric clinics and examination of all delinquents by expert state psychiatrists. This is the very core of the new criminology and penology and would upset completely the old traditional savagery and uniformity in dealing with criminals. But it also is well to bear in mind that there is nothing new in this program. It is just what the scientific students of crime have been calling for during the last twenty-five years. Some of these planks actually were set forth back in the famous Cincinnati prison congress of 1870. Governor Smith made such suggestions four years ago. The better juvenile courts long have applied such principles. What we need is practical action. The majority of the states go under a system whose intellectual foundations date in part from prehistoric times and are in no way more recent than the eighteenth century. The fact that a group with the prestige of the national crime commission behind it has come out for sense and science In battling crime provides hope for practical results. \ - - If the unemployed have no income, they are at lerst being paid attention. Sinclair Lewis declares that American professors like their literature “very dead.” They have alw’ays favored rather grave reading. John Ringling, circus man, has taken a bride. And now skeptics are saying he hasn’t got a show. Tire prices of diamonds were cut in half in Amsterdam recently. The way of all flash! Apropos the prohibition victory in Finland, cynical Sadie wants to know of what use are Fins in a dry country. As those who put off their Christmas shopping to the last minute already have learned: Time and Yuletide wait for no man. If a man bites a dog New Year's eve, that’s booze. To business men trying to crack the depression, the New Year calls not 30 much for resolutions as resolutions. In these days, opines the office sage, a criminal sent away on a long sentence either makes a dash or serves a short period. You don’t have to be a connoisseur of painting to know when a woman has been too liberal with her makeup.

REASON

THE world has a habit of misusing the term “greatness.” It applies it almost exclusively to the leaders of armies and political parties, those whose personal vanity has lifted them into wide notice. antt But if greatness bears any relationship to the good one has done the human race, then it applies only in isolated cases to the warriors and the statesmen. It, applies most to the scientists who have solved the riddles of nature, to the inventors who have bettered human life, and to the leaders in medicine and surgery who have conquered disease and calamity. By this test we should say that one of the greatest men in this country today is Dr. John O. Wetzel of Lansing, Mich., who recently performed a surgical operation which borders on the miraculous. You read about It in the papers some days ago. n n n HE'S the surgeon who restored sight to AJerwin Jenkins, the 25-year-old musician and radio star. Jenkins, blind from birth, from an intracapsular cataract, received a real Christmas present, a view of the world in which he has long lived in darkness. n n a The eyeball was sliced almost in the middle, leaving a fiat surface and to this a glass lens will be fitted and for the rest of his days he must remove it every twelve hours to apply fresh mucilage. He can see without the lens, but not with the normal perspective. ana But with the world's warped sense of values, this wonderful operation was subordinated in the day’s news to the doings at Washington and the interviews of prize fighters. Ten times the attention was given to what some loud person thought he thought. a a a WHEN it comes to moral greatness, as distintinguished from intellectual greatness, we pay little attention to it, for it is all around us; it is too common. Every day, common people are doing acts of heroism and glory, just as a part of the day’s work. a a a Men and women are carrying loads which would have broken the backs of mafly who have been immortalized in song and story. They’ are doing it for their folks; they are fighting the pitiless army of adveristy and ‘doing it with a smile j No the notorious are not the trula great.

RY FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIME!

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

I Always Have Believed That the Essence of Liberty IVas the Right to Think. TTOUSTON, Tex., Dec. 30,-An-other oil field for Texas, with its second well filling a 2,000-bar-rel tank while the boss goes to lunch, and right where the geologists said one couldn’t be. Outside of wildcatters and lease hounds, nobody is very happy, which shows how times have changed. Five years ago most of us were pretty well sold on the idea that oil soon would peter out. “Another twelve years,” said some “or twentyfive at most,” according to the more optimistic, and it would take little less than a mortgage on one’s soul to run the family flivver, not to mention what might happen in case of war. The fact that experts completely missed this latest field, as well as several others recently discovered, justifies the suspicion that they may have missed a lot more. a a a Other Shoe Pinches Now WHEN some of the older fields’ appeared to be playing out and a comparatively small number of new ones were being brought in, it was the dear public that yelled for conservation, while the operators were just as strong for unrestrained production. Now that the tide has turned, with some areas threatened by flood, while others are threatened by fire, with crude offered as low as 80 cents and no takers, it is the public that wants a fair break and the operators who prefer a curtailment of production. We are hearing more about conservation than we ever did, but from different quarters and for a different purpose. What the boys are after tnis trip, especially the big boys, is something that will hold up prices until they ! can get out of the jam. They are-' willing to have the government! regulate them if they can’t get it i any other way. Such altruism! b a a Something'll Tumble SUPPOSE some fair-haired genius finds a commercially practical method of “cracking” water, or producing fuel from vegetable waste, where would oil stocks go, and what would become of the problem of overproduction? Still, the big idea is to put ’em together, merge ’em. consolidate ’em, combine ’em, just as though bigness meant safety, and just as though we could take proper anvantage of human ingenuity without leaving outeconomic structure flexible. On the one hand we have a passion for gigantic institutions, for that kind of discipline which can stabilize production and assure financial safety, for stocks that will stay put and bonds that are sound. On the other hand we have just as great a passion for discoveries and innovations, no matter how radical. We should remember that the bigger they are the harder they fall, and that science simply can’t be permitted to run wild without the continued risk of causing something to fall. tt tt M Let the Inventor Alone TT'OR one, I think we have gone -T far enough with the sport of combining, and I think so because I want the inventor left free to invent and the people left free to take advantage of his work. I look upon it as little less than a blessing that the horse business was not in the handsjof a single corporation, with two or three million shareholders,' when the auto made its appearance. It seems to me that the wisdom of encouraging small business on political grounds is overshadowed by the common sense of it on economic or humanitarian grounds. I always have believed that the essence of liberty was the right to think, and I believe that right is threatened today by nothing so seriously as the craze for monopoly. a a a Contrary to Progress IDO not pretend to know whether the proposed merger of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company with the Bethlehem Steel Corporation was a good thing for the stockholders, or from a business standpoint, but I am glad Judge Jenkins killed It, In so far as lay within his power, and hope the higher court will back him up. The idea of smothering competition within a given field of trade for the sake of greater efficiency and reduced cost may be debatable, but the idea of creating industrial structures of such huge proportions that a radical invention could not be adopted without shaking the country to its very foundations is contrary to the basic principles of orderly progress,

Questions and

Answers

To what extent have the number of horses on farms In the United States decreased in the last twenty years? The Department of Agriculture estimates the number of horses on farms in the United States on Jan. 1, 1930, at 13,440,000. The 1910 census enumerated 19,833,113 horses on farms. Who and where was the first white child bom in the United States? Virginia Dare, bom in Jamestown, Va. But according to Norse legend, Gudrid, wife of Thorfinn Karlsefni, gave birth to a son, Snorri, in the Norse settlement in Vinland, possibly New England, Labrador or Nova Scotia, in the year 1007. How many United States government civil service employes are in Washington. D. C? On June 30, 1930, the number was 68,510 What is the value of annual sales of the Woolworth stores? In 1929 the total was $303,037,173. Who was the first Chief Justice of the United States Supreme court? John Jay, of New York. In what direction does the continent of South America lie in relation to North America? Southeast.

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Chances Favor Wife to Outlive Mate

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hyxeia. the Health Maga/ine. TJROBABLY every married couple at some time begin to discuss the question as to whether the husband is likely to outlive the wife or vice versa. The matter is important not only from the point of view of sentiment, but also from the point of view of establishing an estate, caring for children, and in many other ways. According to figures compiled by a large insurance company, there are more than twice as many widows in the United States as widowers. According to the figures of the last available census, there was 69 per cent widows and 31 per cent widowers. In the majority of cases the husband is the older of the two partners. In addition, men have a

IT SEEMS TO ME by ™od

THERE seems to be a pretty general agreement that something is wrong with football. The criticism is not confined to any single source. Bill Roper, recently retired coach of Princeton, says that the drudgery of practice will kill the game. President Butler of Columbia looks at gate receipts with alarm, while the undergraduate editors of the Yale News feel that schedules are too long. And from time to time we have had the testimony of various star players that they do not enjoy the game. All this might make a case for the abolition of football. I used to favor that myself. But I speak as one from the outside. All the football I ever played was in high school and it wasn’t very good football—not my part of it. Fortunately, this was before the days of the roving center. Roving was the least of my abilities. I used to lock ankles with the guard on either side, and then hope that nobody would push me over backward. a a a More Football BUT to get back to football in Its larger aspects, I believe one thing is worth trying before the game is abolished. It might be that some of the evils can be cured by more football rather than less. I don’t mean a longer schedule, an earlier training season or anything like that. I am suggesting that football could be made a major sport in a literal sense. There might be the participation of a greater part of each student body. But the bulk of the play would occur within the college itself. Etch university might have its own personal league, with games between class teams and dormitory teams and, possibly, club teams. Then, out of this league, an eleven could be selected which would represent the college in its final game against one, or not more than two, traditional rivals. The scheme is not fantastic, and, as a matter of fact, I think that something very close to this is already done at Andover. Os course, it will be said that no team which plays together for a mere two weeks can achieve the efficiency of a machine which is molded from September to November. ana Experts Not Needed MOREOVER, it has been established that in the case of Yale and Harvard, for instance, there is enough tradition to make the annual contest Interesting, no matter what the quality of the football. Seme of the best g .mes between these two old rivals have been carried on by mediocre teams. On the whole, the success of Rockne’s Notre Dame teams is favorable to an abandonment of the search for supremacy. Colleges like Yale, Harvard, Princeton, Pennsylvania, Cornell and Columbia, never can hope to rival the best which South Bend lias to offer as long as I Rockne is in charge, i Why not face about, then, and | look more for fun and less for ma-chine-like proficiency? To the spectator the precision of some four horsemen, is superb. But the very closeness of the co-ordina-tion always suggests to me the ex-

Tangle Feet!

higher mortality rate than women, probably because women have been for years the sheltered class. Thus, the odds tend to be somewhat against the chance that the husband will survive the wife. There are various possibilities, however, in marriages in which the two partners are not of the same age. The husband may be anywhere from five to twenty-five years older than his wife. Obviously, in such cases his chance of survival proportionately is decreased. If the husband and the wife are both 30 years of ago, the chance’ of the husband outliving her is 48 in 100; if his wife is five years younger, his chance of outliving her is only 40 in 100. It is safe for gamblers to get three to two against his outliving her. If the wife is 15 years younger than her husband and the husband is 40 years old, the chance that he will outlive her is only 26 in 100,

tent of the drill which is undergone. It might easily be more fun to watch a machine than to belong to it. a a a More Substitutes IAM entirely opposed to the Idea which has gone about lately that we have too many substitutions. The more the merrier. These changes impose a handicap on radio announcers, but we have not yet quite reached the point where the game is played for the broadcast. Any limitation, however, la rule or tradition, against frequent substitutions makes for injury. In fact, I would say, “Alter the rules so that ‘time out’ shall also mean ‘get out.’ ” To the crowd in the stand it may be romantic to watch some youngster lying flat on the field after a play and to see him gradually get to his feet, stagger about and then, by a supreme effort, pull himself together and stay in the game. The man who has had a hard bang ought to go out immediately and be rested up, even if it’s physically possible for him to continue. This, too, I think, constitutes an argument against making the captain supreme authority during the progress of a game. He is not in position to see just which ones are wilting under the strain. I am perfectly willing to have the coach sent up into the grandstand. But you would have to leave in his place the college doctor, who ought to make his decisions from a strictly medical standpoint and not one of college patriotism. ana College Spirit IT will be a hard pull to get rid of the excessive ardor which surrounds football. I am not sure that would be a good thing to stamp it out altogether. The tradition of dying for dear old Rutgers is not readily to be killed. In fact, I suppose some such emotion is likely to be prevalent in the one or two big games allowed to each college. But at least we could get rid of the notion that it is up to every player to die for dear

THE GADSDEN TREATY December 30 ON Dec. 30, 1853, the Gadsden Purchase treaty between the United States and Mexico was signed. , It involved the purchase of a tract of land lying partly within the present New Mexico and partly within the present Arizona, and embraced an area of more than 45,000 square miles. For this the United States gave $10,000,000. The land was regarded as of little use for agricultural purposes and was purchased largely with a view to settling boundary disputes in that quarter between the two governments. and to securing a desirable route for the projected Southern Pacific railroad. The treaty of the sale was negotiated with Santa Anna by James Gadsden, then minister to Mexico. The sale met with much opposition in Mexico and caused the banishment of Santa Anna in 1855.

and the odds are three to one against him. In the rather unusual circumstance in which the wife is older than the husband, the oddn of course are modified again by this situation. If the wife is 35 years old and the husband is 30, the chance is fifty-six in 100 that the husband will survive the wife, and in the same way the figures depend on the number of years that the woman is older than the man. The other factors that enter into the situation are, of course, the relative amounts of care and the relative exposure to possibilities of accidents and disease that apply to the individual case. If the husband is so wealthy that the woman is sheltered constantly and protected, if he is fifteen years older and engaged in any occupation which submits him to wear and tear, his chance of surviving is even less that it would be based on the ordinary calculation alone.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America's most interests? writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

old Rutgers every Saturday afternoon. Newspapers could help to make football somewhat less punishing. Naturally, you can not expect us to deal with big games in little paragraphs. Public interest makes the ballyhoo. And the ballyhoo makes public interest. I don’t know just where the circle can be cut. ana Less Acid Touch BUT this much we should do immediately. No sporting writer is justified of college players in the same terms with which he deals with professionals. Although, as far as that goes, I think that most veteran writers indulge sparingly, if at all, in terming the hired hands “boneheads” and the like. In one account of the Yale-Har-vard football game I read: “This was, without doubt, the stupidest back field ever assembled in New Haven.” This, I contend, is bad newspaper practice. (Copyright. 1930. by The Time*)

People’s Voice

Editor Times—lsn’t it inspiring and encouraging to the unemployed American citizen walking the streets in idleness, and casting about for a chance to earn an honest dollar to take home to his family for food and rent and coal, to read and know that in a certain western city men and women bid for tickets to a football game at $75 a ticket? Again, isn’t it fine to learn through the press that $1,000,000 is spent in Washington to open the doors of society for a pampered daughter of the rich? Not that the spending of the money is wrong, but that it is wrong for the scales of justice to become so far out of balance that such unfair and unsound division of property can become possibla under a banner that, by the Constitution, should be a guarantee of domestic tranquility, justice, and a guardian of the general welfare of the people. Surely It will take more than gifts of charity and a 1 per cent dole from the salary of someone else to pacify the army of the unemployed against conditions as they exist. ONE OF THE“ ARMY.

Giving a Party? Our Washington Bureau’s bulletin on Party Menus, Prizes and Favors will prove helpfbl to the hostess planning a big or little party. The bulletin will be particularly valuable to the hostess who wishes to make up herself, inexpensive and unique prizes and favors for her party. It contains many suggestions for such small gifts—particularly “booby prize” gifts that any hostess can prepare herself from inexpensive materials. Fill out the coupon below and send for it. CLIP COUPON HERE Dept. 108, Washington Bureau. The Indianapolis Times. 1322 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C I want a copy of the bulletin PARTY MENUS, PRIZES AND FAVORS, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or United States stamps, for return postage and handling costs. ■ Name Street and No City . State lam a daily reader of The Indianapolis Time*. (Code No >

.DEC. 30, 1930

SCIENCE -BY DAVID DIETZ—-

Agriculture Changed Into Modern Business by the Machine Age. THE machine age, by carrying industries from the farm to factory, has been one of the chief forces in changing agriculture from a self-sufficing occupation to a modern business, forming part of the modem ousiness world. The distinguished feature of farm life in the pioneer period was its economic self-sufficiency, says Professor Louis B. Schmidt of lowa State college. “There was no market for farm products; consequently no goods could be purchased from the outside,” he says. “Each farm was an economic microcosm, producing for itself practically everything that it consumed; food, clothing, furniture, linens, soap, candles and a great variety of minor raticles essential to the farmer and his family. " The transfer of these industries! from the farm to the factory is the, most significant aspect of the tran-4f sition from self-sufficient to com-J merical agriculture. “It is an interlocking feature oil both the agricultural and Industrie#! revolutions. This is emphasized dH the fact that the farms furnish ajpP proximately three-fourths of the raw materials of industry, while fully one-half of the products sold by the farmer are purchased by our manufacturing plants “The transformation of farm products by industrial processes Into goods ready for the consumer is, therefore, the basic fact in the transition from pioneer self-sufficiency to commercial agriculture and industry ” tt tt tt New Conditions MANY changes, usually grouped under the heading of the Machine Age, took place with the shift of industries from farm to factory,' Professor Schmidt says: “The migration of industries from the farm to the factory since 1860 is characterized by the evolution of technical proceases of manufacturing. increased market demands due to the growth of population, the addition of many new products and the utilization of by-products, new methods of marketing, improved methods of factory organization and management, concentration of manufacturing into large establishments and the localization of Industries at advant-~eous points. “These forces made possible Increasing specialization, which characterizes the transition from selfsufficient to commercial agriculture.” Professor Schmidt also points out that the industries which have migrated from farm to factory can be classified into three groups, namely, (1) food products, (2)textiles and clothing, including boots and shoes, (3) tobacco and a number of minor products. “The food industries include slaughtering and meat packing flour milling, the manufacturing of dairy products, the canning of fruits and vegetables, the preparation of poultry and its products and the production of preserves and pickles,” he says. “Many new Industries have been added, such as the manufacture of beet sugar and the production of bread, pastries and confections.” ana Figures Given CONTINUING his analysis of the industries which have shifted from farm to factories. Professor Schmidt says: “The list of package products includes a considerable number of animal and vegetable products. In 1860 flour and grist mills ranked first among the manufacturing industries in valuation of products, which amounted to $248,580,000. “In 1919 slaughte, ing and meat packing ranked first with a. total output valued at $4,246,290,000, whj|Lg iron and steel ranked second fl products, valued at and automobiles ranked third wi| a valuation of $2,387,903,00. “The products of all food indufig tries were valued at $12,438,891 00H which was 20 per cent of the totH value of manufactured products tH the United States. "Transfer of the textile and clotlMj ing and the boot and shoe industrtfln from the farm to the factory hll been studied chiefly from the stanafi point of the development of mamH facturing in the United States, biS it deserves the attention of stifl dents of the history of America • agriculture. “It has been estimated that household production of textiles iS 1820 constituted more than two* thirds of the entire product. "The age of homespun gave waJ to the factory system by the opera-1 tion of the same forces that tool* the food industries out of the horn® and placed them in the factory. “In 1919 the total value of manual factures of textiles and their pro-1 ducts amounted to $9,216,103,000 “The significance of the transf&s of these industries from the farm the factory hardly can be exaggerated., It is ‘the best evidence of the extent and rapidity of the transaction from self-sufficient to commercial agriculture.”

Daily Thought

For vain man would be wise, though man be bom like a wild a’ colt.—Job 11:12. If vanity does not entirely overthrow the virtues, at least it makes them all totter.—Rochefoucauld.