Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 195, Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 December 1930 — Page 4

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Be of Good Cheer ThO6C who can be happy only when living with * false sense of .security and perfection won’t have a good Christinas. But others can be happy with such blessings as arc given, without believing that all’s right with the world. It is true that there is unemployment and suffering this winter. And it is true that only the selfish can be completely content while others are in want. But there are compensations even in suffering. Perhaps out of the national need is coming anew sense oi responsibility shared by us all. If that is true, the suffering will be relieved and will be prevented next time. Certainly philanthropy this year has been on a larger scale than Act before. And it means more because most persons have had less to share with others. Certainly there is more determination now than ever before to break the vicious cycle of depression following prosperity. More federal officials and employers have recognized the basic right of every man to a steady and decent job and the responsibility of Industry and the nation so to adjust the economic system to maintain that permanent employment upon which the national prosperity depends. Internationally, also, the world is more aware of the dangers threatening peace. Those dangers are not new. The fact that they are seen now should me the occasion of hope and not of despair. Only thus can the nations, through co-operation, prepare for lasting peace. The Christmas ideal of a perfect peace on earth and good will among men Is a long goal. It can not be gained in one generation. But if we move in our halting way toward that ideal kingdom upon the earth, we can rejoice in humility and happiness. The Wrecking Begins Christmas eve has brought to two public servants their reward for years of work. The reward is summary dismissal. William V. King, chief accountant for the federal power commission, and Charles A. Russell, its solicitor, have been turned out. Monday afternoon three itfembers of the new federal power commission took the oath of office. Two hours later they met and agreed that these men must go. They filed no charges against them. They made no Investigation of their records or the service they have performed. They gave them no hearing. They gave the other members of the commission no chance to protest. Tuesday morning, without previous warning. King and Russell were handed letters telling them they were through. Tuesday afternoon the capital rang ■with indignation. Senators who, on Saturday, had voted to install the. new commissioners in office were incredulous and angry. King has been with the government .enty years. He has been with the power commission ever since it was organized. He is one of the few men in the country with the expert technical knowledge necessary for performing his duties. It is King who has fought against power companies seeking to pad their net investment accounts with charges for *3 neckties given guests at a party, and with other items amounting to millions of dollars which he contends should not be charged against the public. It is Russell who has carried on the legal fight in support of King’s contentions, who has written briefs and argued in court for enforcement of the water power act and in defense of the commission’s jurisdiction under it. Russell was in the midst of a legal fight on which the whole future of the federal water act depends when he was dismissed. He was battling for the validity of the act against a power company attack which, if successful, will reduce the power commission to a rubber stamp, and the power act itself to a dreary joke. The three members of the federal power commission who dismissed these men have forfeited the right to public confidences. They are George Otis Smith, Marcel Garsaud and Claude L. Draper.

The Control of Liquor It can not be denied that In the last election, opponents of national prohibition made gains of importance. Os course, this does not mean repeal or modification of the dry law in the new congress, but now that the bitterness and vituperation of the campaign have almost been forgotten, some significant facts can be referred to without accusations of radical dry or radical wet prejudices. During the campaign a candidate who opposed national prohibition was called a wet, and in the minds of many people that classified him simply as a man who wanted the liquor business revived. But, paradoxical as it may seem, many of the outstanding men who oppose national prohibition are striving for the same goal as the ardent prohibitionists. Both want real control of liquor. One group believes it can be obtained by one method; the other by another. The standpat drys, although willing to concede present enforcement conditions are unsatisfactory, still insist real liquor control can be obtained through the Eighteenth amendment; that the Volstead law can be enforced and racketeering evils eliminated. The views of the new leaders of the forces opposed to national prohibition might be summarized as follows: More effective control can be obtained through repeal of the amendment and its enforcement act. These men do not want the old saloon with its intolerable abuses which brought on national probihlbition. In the words of Dwight Morrow, they believe "prohibition merely has substituted for the saloon a lawless, unregulated liquor traffic.” They refer to the great criminal gangs throughout the country which grew so powerful because of the great wealth obtainable through bootlegging. This group argues that the liquor question is still with us. in quite as menacing a form as before. The old liquor trade of the saloon days corrupted politics and put festering sores in metropolitan neighborhoods: and in many places the modem one has done the same. The alternative offered is a return of liquor control to the states. Advocates of such a step say A1 Capone and his fellow gangsters now control liquor in this country, instead of responsible officials. They They point to President Hoover's recent statement that the local, rather than the federal government, should break up bootlegging gangs and enforce other criminal laws. Under their plan, each state could be as dry or as moist as desired, and the state laws, because they would reflect public sentiment, should be more easily enforceable. In the metropolitan centers, where there seems to be a demand for a modified dry law. such

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIFP9-HOW AHII NEWSPAPER > Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by Tbe Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 211-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents s copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager [•HONE—Riley C 651 WEDNESDAY. DEC. 24. ISaO. Member of United Press. Sciipps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Bervlce and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

action, it is contended, would tend to break up the gangs, because, sos example, if light wines and beer were obtainable legally the demand for bootlegging products would decrease. Capone, it is recalled, has opposed the plans of the California grape growers to sell a grape concentrate which will turn into wine, if you let it alone, and which has been approved by the federal government. In short, this group believes it will be impossible to make tffe country bone dry and that it would be better to turn the problem of controlling liquor over to the states, in the hope that the gang menace and other corrupting influences of national prohibition may be eliminated. The sincerity of such leaders of this group as Senators Morrow and Buckley hardly can be questioned, just as Morrow has stated he does not question the sincerity of those who believe national prohibition is the solution. Their views as well as those of the drys deserve the careful consideration of all thinking American citizens. No real citizen wants anything but the strictest control of liquor by governmental agencies. Conditions now are not what the drys hoped for before the days of national prohibition. The question is, how can real effective control be obtained?

Hoover and Lucas The fact that Executive Director Lucas of the Republican national committee stooped to dishonorable and secretive methods in an attempt to defeat a senatorial candidate chosen by the Republican primary voters of Nebraska is relatively unimportant compared with the indications that the President and the Republican chiefs are supporting Lucas. No amount of mud thrown at Senator Norris by Lucas and his associates can obscure the issue. They can read Norris out of the party—provided they can get away with such usurpation of power from the Republicans of Nebraska. All that is a party matter, in which the public is not concerned. But that is not the issue. The issue is the method used by Lucas and his associates. Lucas was chosen by Hoover. Hoover is responsible for Lucas. Hoover can not be blamed for an error in judgment in picking Lucas. He can be and will be blamed for approving Lucas’ conduct, if he fails to condemn that conduct and if he fails to remove Lucas from office. Two comments have come from the White House since this muck was uncovered. One was the statement that the President would take no action. The other was a statement from Chairman Wood of the congressional campaign committee, immediately after a conference with Hoover, that “Mr. Lucas has expressed the sentiment of every real Republican in the United States.” Is it possible that the President of the United States approves such disreputable politics? We find that very hard to believe.

A beauty queen recently was chosen in a contest among Eskimo girls in the Arctic Circle. As far as the other contestants were concerned, the whole affair was on the ice. “The wets,” says a paragrapher, “are bent on making prohibition an ex-act science.* Judging from some of the stuff around lately, it would be nearer correct to say “extract science.” The rich man who marries his daughter to an unsupporting young man is also doing his bit, in giving the bride away; to aid the unemployed. The trouble with some men who take an important step in life, says the office sage, is that they quickly lose their stride. Now that women are reported smoking cigars in Paris, expect the newest creations to feature Havana wraps. The fellow who picked the winning teams last season is one, at least, who thinks the things are decidedly for the bettor. The President and congress get along, as the old simile goes, like two Seidlitz powders in a glass of water. College enrollments have increased despite the depression, says a news item. And for the fraternities business, as usual, will be “rushing.”

REASON by fp “ K

LAST Friday we told a Christmas story over the radio and we have been asked to publish it in this column. Some years ago a widowed mother died in an Indiana town; she was very poor and she left a 9-year-old boy. a a a He had no living relations; he was all alone. He didn’t have a cent, but he asked no sympathy. He was manly; he had the stuff in him that pioneers are made of. He earned his living by working around the house for a family in the town. He always was working, always trying to make a little money. He sold papers, peddled milk, cut grass. tt tt tt ONE day, the day before Christmas, he asked the village carpenter for his wheelbarrow and the carpenter asked what he wanted it for, and the boy said he wanted to move something. The carpenter let him have it, then watched to see what he did. He saw him go to a place where a building had been tom down and then, with all his might, lift a stone upon the wheelbarrow. a a a He tried to push it, but he couldn’t, so the carpenter went over. He looked at the stone: it was smooth on top: it had been used under a window of the building that had been tom down. He asked the boy where he wanted to take it and the boy said:* “Up to the cemetery.” a a a’ THE carpenter said nothing, but he though a lot, and he took the wheelbarrow and pushed it up the hill to the cemetery. “Put it right here,” said the boy. The carpenter helped him make a smooth place and they set the stone. ' a a a The boy took a pencil and traced some letters on the top of it, then he took a spike nail from his pocket and slowly cut the words: “My mother. She was all I had.” a a a Christmas is Just over there in the east and there are many kids in this country just like this little boy. You and I should be their Santa Claus. It’s the boast of the Englishman that upon his flag the sun never sets. Tomorrow, let it be the finer boast of the American that under his flag no orphan is forgotten^

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Cold Intelligence Never Can Devise a Substitute for the Kind Word or the Thoughtful Act. HOUSTON, Tex., Dec. 24.—Under other circumstances, I would be glad to toss in a few remarks regarding the Norris-Lucas row, Borah’s plea for an extra session, renewal of the gang war in Chicago, the Wickersham commission and Mooney’s case, or some other incident considered worthy of headlines during the last twenty-four hours. But this is Christmas Eve and, childish though it may be, I can not throw off the spirit which goes with that institution and which is so conspicuously in evidence this year. Hard times may have interfered with trade to some extent, but not with the idea of giving, especially where it is most needed. The unusual amount of work being done by regular agencies, or even emergency committees, is too well known for comment, but what amazes me is the number of people who are contributing a bit here, or a bit there, quietly and on their own account.

The Greatest of All I AM well aware that many have turned thumbs down on the Santa Claus legend, while others have gone even farther and turned thumbs down on the faith into which is has been woven so completely. Maybe they’re right. Maybe having learned the lesson, we can get along without the fairy tale, the symbol, or what some are pleased to call the superstition. But certain it is that we can not get along without the lesson. If millions of children hadn’t been taught the joy of finding gifts from some unknown source on Christmas morning, and hadn’t felt obliged to Maintain the deception when they grew up, our unfortunates would be in far worse shape than they are. Cold intelligence may device a system for the better distribution of wealth, or even abolition of poverty, but it never can devise a substitute for the kind word or thoughtful act. The “widow’s mite” still ranks with the greatest donation ever made. ana Not Enough Romance Sometimes, i think we talk too much about the mathematical side of civilization, and too little about its romantic side. We never ean be perfectly rational. Where would we land if we could? The idea that intelligence is separable from the emotions always has struck we as absurd. Love, hate, fear, hope and all the other border-line faculties are integral parts of the thinking machine. Their control is desirable, but their suppression is impossible. We poor mortals need a lot that simply can not be expressed in figures, or had through a system, and we need it not only because of the comfort it gives, but because it is essential to the production of normal human beings; to the social balance and, above all else, to that degree of happiness, illusionment and confidence necessary to continued progress. tt tt Feelings Most Important WHAT we feel is still more important than what we know. Take Bolshevism,, for instance, which is, perhaps, the coldest blooded political scheme ever tried. Who supposes that it would last fifteen minutes but for the blind faith back of it, the sublime trust of ignorant millions, the emotional strain which makes it possible for a few leaders to make a nation endure such heroic sacrifices. The pursuit of ideals and the expansion of abstract principles from the bedrock of human progress. The brick and steel by which we set such store merely constitutes their translation into physical form. When you get right down to brass tacks, it is what we have learned to do by, for and through each other that separates us from the jungle. Easy enough to teach savages the use of machine guns, but much harder to teach them what justifies it. The conception that mechanical skill or scientific ability spells true greatness is one of the worst pieces of mysticism with which the race ever was afflicted. Given .two men of equal intelligence, and the difference which enables one of them to operate a certain device while the other can not, is simple to explain and easy to overcome. Given two men of equal ability in the same line, and the difference which makes one of them mean while the other remains generous, or crooked, while the other goes straight, is much harder to understand, and harder still to eliminate.

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TREATY OF GHENT Dec. 24

ON Dec. 24, 1814, the treaty of peace between the United States and England, ending the War of 1812, was signed at Ghent, Belgium. The American commissioners at the signing were Gallatin, Bayard and John Quincy Adams. England appeared eager to make peace, not only because she was exhausted after her struggles with Napoleon on the continent, but also because she wished to reopen American trade. But in spite of the desire of both sides for peace, negotiations dragged on for a year and a half. The treaty provided for: (1) restoration of all territory seized during the war, except certain islands near Passamaquoddy bay, the disposition of which was referred to a commission; (2) a edmmission to settle boundary lines between the United States and Canada; (3) co-op “ration between this country and Great Britain in suppressing the slave trade. What was the estimated wealth of Great Britain and Ireland and of France in 1914? The wealth of Great Britain and Ireland was estimated at $80,000,000.000 and that of France at $65,000,000,000.

* \ I/ / f.. .c-r ) C YEH- ? i Jwodf TALK ABOUT' IGNORE , something /\\t/7/ V it! J else-

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE : Man Is Target of Many Diseases

BY DR. MORRIS EISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine, HUMAN beings suffer from diseases transmitted from animals, directly or indirectly by insects, and by other living species which carry the organisms responsible for setting up disturbances. The human being also becomes infected from contact with germs transmitted to him from Other human beings, previously infected. All men perhaps are carriers of diseases because they constantly distribute about themselves organisms with which they previously have been infected. The organisms may come from secretions of the nose, throat anu mouth; through. coughing, sneezing, spitting and kissing; through contamination with secretions from the eyes, such as may come when one uses a handkerchief or towel that has previously been used by an infected person; through contamination from the excretions of the intestines and of the urinary tract, and even from contact with organisms that are on the human skin. , These organisms are transferred from one person to another by direct contact, by contamination from sewage, food, water, air, dust and

IT SEEMS TO ME BY H BROUN D

IT is characteristic of Americans, I think, that we go in for a feast or a famine. The lads of Wall Street are either in a mood where they believe that everything will go to 300 or that there is no resting place for stocks this side of zero — if even there. And in activities more cultural we are addicted to the same excess. Accordingly, the individual American is at one and the same time the most boastful and the most humble of patriotic propagandists. He will bore an entire company in some foreign capital with talk about American skyscrapers and American enterprise and American generosity, only to sink into an abject whimper if the least of European literary or dramatic critics speaks ill of the American novel or the American theater. George Bernard Shaw evidently has recognized this fact, for in a current interview in the New York* Times he stated: "I myself have been particularly careful never to say a civil word in the United States. “I have scoffed at their inhabitants as a nation of villagers. I have defined the 100 per cent American as 99 per cent idiot. And they just adore me and will go on adoring me until, in a moment of senile sentimentality I say something nice about them, when they will at once begin to suspect me of being a cheap skate, after all, and drop me like a hot potato. ana Unbecoming Servility That I accept as a sound observation. We are much too servile in the face of criticism concerning our status in the cultural world. Let a visiting foreigner make even the mildest criticism of the theory or practice of our government and he will be pilloried in every editorial page. People will want to know, "If he doesn’t like it here, why doesn’t he go back where he came from.” But if that same foreigner sails into the books, the plays, the films or the music of America, we merely hang our heads and grant the truth of even the most extravagant criticism. Indeed, no American artist of any sort may be said to have arrived until some European critic has patted him on the head. Even Sinclair Lewis could not free himself from the Babbitt-built myth

Daily Thought

Blessed is the man tha t trusteth in the Lord, and whose hope the Los-d is.—Jeremiah 17:7. The beloved of the Almighty are the rich who have the humility of the poor, and the poor who have the magnanimity of the rich.— Saadi f*

But Will It Stay Ignored?

dirt, and by contamination from towels and similar utensils. Finally, a human being may be bitten by an insect which takes his blood and later inoculates it into another human being. So far as the spread of disease is concerned, the human carrier constitutes a constant menace. Moreover, mass activities of mankind, such as attendance in tremendous numbers on motion pictures, baseball and football games, elevators, apartments and office buildings tend to increase contact with diseased persons. Among the diseases spread by secretions from the nose and throat are streptococcal infections, pneumonia. septic sore throat, meningitis, diphtheria, infantile paralysis, scarlet fever, measles, whooping cough, mumps, the common cold, influenza, tuberculosis and Vincent’s angina. Among the diseases of the eye transmitted are pink eye, trachoma, and gonorrheal opthalmia. The intestinal disorders include typhoid, dysentery, cholera, aembic infection, hookworm, tapeworm, pinworm and schistosomiasis. Many of the organisms maintain special locations in the body; for example, the typhoid organism in the gallbladder, and the various worms in the intestinal tract. The venereal diseases are spread

that no question of merit in literature may be properly decided unless it comes from some band of men across the waters. I wonder, for instance, if he took occasion to ascertain whether Swedish academicians may not rate just about the same proportion cf stuffed shirts as here in the home land. a a a New Declaration THE founders of America were men of vision, and yet they did not go h?l f far enough in the Declaration cu "independence. It was not enough to declare ourselves free from King George as long as we were willing to remain in thrall to every British commentator. Not for a minute would I suggest a protective tariff against St. John Ervines and Hugh Walpoles. On the contrary, I think we ought to have a lively interest in what these men and others have to say about our comedies and our stories. But it seems to me a mistake to set up European judges as the court of last resort in things artistic. In some respects we need not yield, precedence. Since Mr. Shaw began, to slow up, our theater is at least as lively as that of any foreign nation with which close dramatic contacts are maintained. I suppose it is reasonable to assume that such plays as are imported from England for our entertainment represent the pick of the puppies. If this is true, then the New York theater is a stride or so ahead of London. And the same thing is true in regard to dramatic competition with Paris or Berlin. a, a a Backward Arts IT isn't our backward arts for which we do the most wailing. I think we might do well to weep about sculpture iff America, since it has taken to the hills and become an adjunct of the quarrying business. In a land where so many statues are bad, just why should we want them larger? Even though I have expressed impatience with Joyce Kilmer’s "Trees,” I must admit that a mountain looks better after God has finished and before Gutzn Borglum has begun. The perfect comment on tiffs new form of mass production was made several years ago by Forbes Watson, who complained that we were making molehills out of mountains. And I observed, not long ago. iif the public press that Mr. Borglum had decided to edit *'oe flaming words of Calvin Coolidge. I do not hold that every word written by the distinguished columnist is precious, but I was not altogether moved by the sculptor’s excuse for dipping his own hand into the boiling prosa. Mr. Borglum said jsat, after all,

by contact with carriers previously infected. Organisms that live in the blood and are carried from one person to another by insects are the plasmodium of malaria, carried by the anopheles mosquito. Other diseases carried by mosquitoes are dengue, yellow fever, filariasis. The typanosome or sleeping sickness is carried by the tsetse fly. Typhus fever and trench fever are transmitted by the louse. Bubonic plague is carried by the flea. Rocky mountain spotted fever is carried by a tick. Other insects suspected of carrying disease, but not absolutely incriminated, include bed bugs, water bugs, cockroaches and ants. Among animal carriers of disease are the dog and various wild animals of the dog type which transmit hydrophobia; the cat, which has been incriminated with the transmission of diphtheria; the cow, which, by the way of its meat, may transmit various worms; and, by way of its milk, tuberculosis, septic sore throat and undulant fever; the sheep is incriminated with the transmission of anthrax; the goat with malta fever; various fish in connection with tapeworm; the oyster with typhoid; the hog with trichina and various worms; the rat with plague and rat-bite fever; the rabbit with tularemia, and the parrot family with psittacosis.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

he himself would be obliged to answer to posterity. I doubt it. It seems to me that posterity will not have much occasion to communicate with the Black Hills blaster. And if, indeed, the scarred rock csjries a signature in scale proclaiming the name of Borglum to the world I have a notion that the passerby may cast one puzzled glance and then inquire “Who?” before he hurries on. (Cody right. 1930. by The Times)

Questions and Answers

Is Latin a dead language? Is it spoken in any country in the world? It is a dead language and is not the vernacular of any race or nation today. What was the total popular vote for Calvin Coolidge in 1924 and for Alfred E. Smith in 1928? Coolidge, 1924, 15,725,016; Smith, 1928, 15,016,443. What is the nationality and meaning cf the names Yolanda and Carolyn? Yolanda (Spanish, means heartless, and Carolyn (German), means noble spirited.

Best Wishes for A Merry Christmas and A Happy New Year KAH N -TAI LX7RI hTCJ - SIS 7 Slid Floor Kshn Building, M*ridi#n t Wshingto

.DEC. 24, 1930/

SCIENCE —KY DAVID DIETZ—

We Can Feed All Our Poptvlation More Easily and Cheaply Than at Any Time in the Past. THE tremendous advances which scientific research have introduced into agriculture were summarized by Dr. A. P. Woods, director of scientific work of the United States department of agriculture, at a recent celebration commemorating the 50th anniversary of the founding of the New Jersey agricultural. experiment station. "A half century ago it looked to the best scientific minds as if increase in population would overtake and pass our power to produce food to meet the need.” he said. “The zero hour was set at about 1933. “The day is here. Populations have increased at about the ratio figured, but we can feed them all today more easily and cheaply than we at any time in the past, “There is less famine, less suffering, less hard work, and more leisure than ever before. “The reason is that we have more accurate knowledge of the factors that must be controlled and we control them better than ever before in the history of man.” a a a Laws of Nature OBSERVATIONS led to the determination of modes of action, Dr. Woods continued, and in this way the so-called laws of nature have been formulated. “These laws operate with considerable certainty within the range of our observations,’' he said. “It is this method that has given birth to what we call modem science. Some of it has grown out of a study of plants and animals under domestication, as Darwin's formulation of his theory of natural selection. Mendel’s studies of inheritance of unit characters and his formulation of the manner of inheritance oi such characters now known as Mendels’ laws. “These two deductions have given us greatly increased power to modify species and to make new ones embodying new unit characters and consequent qualities and to have these fixed true as in nature. “But while nature may take a thousand years to produce anew species, we can do it in a very few years or in some cases in a few weeks. “The plant and animal have become as plastic in our hands as the molecule and atom have in the hands of the modern chemist and physicist. “This increased knowledge and power has been acquired not by spinning logical theories, but by observing and testing and basing our hypotheses and theories on observed and tested facts. “In this work the agricultural ex-, periment stations have been busily* engaged for more than half a century. They have as a result built up a body of experimental evidence in relation to almost every aspect cf agriculture and country life that is gradually changing the whole aspect of agriculture In enlightened countries from a haphazard, rule of thumb work for peasants to a dignified, interesting and successful group of industries, able to held their own, and to render efficient service in civilized society.” a a a The New View AS an evidence of the new point of view which science has brought, Dr. Woods calls attention to the new view of the soil. He says: “The soil today is not just dirt, but a universe of life and activity. \ billions of organisms from the microphages invisible under the highest powers of the microscope, bacteria, protozoa, microscopic algae, molds, fungi, and a multitude of higher forms, all engaged in breaking down and building up processes that al together make soil. “The factors that favor the fer-tility-producing and conserving processes are being discovered, as well as those that work in the opposite direction. “We are learning to promote the helpful activities and to suppress the harmful activities. The chemists have discovered that out of all these activities there are developed certain colloidal substances that have much to do with what we call soil type. These colloids, with the organic matter which in the past we have lumped under the term humus, have a controlling relation to cropproducing power. “These and other factors are all considered in our soil surveys and land classification as a basis for a more highly developed and permanent agriculture and in reclamation procedures. “Then, too, we are beginning to realize the tremendous losses of fertility and waste of soil from slow as well as rapid erosion and we are beginning to take steps to prevent these losses as far as possible. “The New Jersey station is one of the foremost leaders in this soil research.”