Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 190, Indianapolis, Marion County, 18 December 1930 — Page 4

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iCKIPPJ-MOWnAII

Time to Start Efforts on the part of backers of the Ingull proposal to take over the street car system of Indianapolis to brush aside the question of municipal ownership of transportation systems should not distract the attention of civic bodies, or public officials, irom this solution. It should be as easy to pass a law permitting public ownership as it is to write a new law to mortgage 'the car riders until Gabriel’s summons to private interests. The only security for private capital, which demands profits and huge returns, is in the fares paid by patrons. That security should be good enough for investors in publicly-owned lines which, in theory at least, would have no burdens on watered stock. When George Marott, veteran merchant, sounded the note for municipal ownership and a change to bus lines as a solution foi transportation, he disclosed the bad features of the Insull proposal. When the Insull interests put in a provision for future public ownership, at a heavy price, public ownership was no longer the dream of theorists but a practical suggestion from utility operators. The time for the public to buy is now, when it is possible to purchase at a real valuation instead of an inflated one in the future. It is time for the car rider to protect himself. There should be Marott clubs in every section of the city pledged to public ownerThe alternative seems to be perpetual slavery to private interests and such inteiests are always greedy.

Turning the Tables One of the most interesting items in the dramatic Russian treason trial was the accusation that M. Poincare is a leading conspirator against the Soviet state That this charge is not proved may be co ceded readily. But if it were true, it only would mean that he was turning the tables on the Russians of the mc-war days. Then czarist agents were trying to cormpt the trench republic and to lead it into tWmort disastrous war of human history. From 1911 to 1914. Alexander Izvolski, Russian ambassador to Paris, spent hundreds of thousands of francs to control the policy of the French press. He thereby induced the papers to inflame the French populace against Germany and Austria and to repre sC nt the ambitious Russian policy in the Near East as beneficial to France. He put the French papers on a monthly payment basis. If they did not deliver the goods, they were dropped. The personal organs of famous Frenchmen were implicated. Among them were the papers of former president Millcrand of France and Clemenceau, The Tiger.” The account books of the Russian agent in Paris give the exact sums paid. For example, on Nov. 19. 1313, Millerand's paper was francs and Clemenceau’s 45,000. But the results amply repaid the efforts. When izvolski came to Paris in 1910, French opinion was solidly against supporting Russia in the Balkans. By the year 1913. Izvolsli was able to report cordial and hearty French support of the Russian Near East plans. In addition to bribing the French press, the Russians sent money to help elect their friend Poincare to the presidency, where he would be able to give them permanent support for seven years. Tardieu also -was engaged to write anti-Austrian articles for the Pans Temps. , , Early in August. 1914. Izvolski was able to boast that he had made the war. France had been thrown into the contest, as her great publicist Demartial has so well observed, as blind and helpless as a chicken being handed to the butcher in a bag. So, if Poincare now is helping to undermine Russian policy, he only is following the example set years ago by the Russian architect of the war of 1914. The Eighteenth Amendment The topic of universal conversation for the last twenty-four hours or so has been the decision of District Judge William Clark of New Jersey, that the eighteenth amendment is invalid. The judge, a young man as federal judges go, being only 39, has electrified the country with his opinion. Comments range all the way from the didactic assertion of Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler on the one hand to the didactic assertion of Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt on the other: ( Said he: “It shows the courts are coming to their senses. "Said she: “I think Judge Clark must be far off.” Most comment, however, is more dubious, filled with ifs and buts. Learned lawyers hesitate to commit themselves completely on the fine constitutional question raised by court. But there does appear to be a preponderance ot opinion that, regardless of Judge Clark s view, the eighteenth amendment will remain with us for yet awhile. There are few who anticipate the acceptance of his opinion by the United States supreme court. The judge required 15,000 words or thereabouts to express his view. It probably would call for almost as many to discuss it successfully. Suffice it to say that it is based on excellent legalistic reasoning, the cc ntention in its essence being that the eighteenth amendment could have been ratified properly only by a constitutional convention, whereas it was ratified by the state legislatures. However, reasoning just as excellent, to our mind, can be offered to prove that this method of amendment—practically the only method used since the adoption of the Constitution—was as applicable to the eighteenth as to other amendments. We have indicated our view of the eighteenth amendment on various occasions. We'd like to see it lifted bodily out of the Constitution. We think it has no place In the government for a free people, but—we hope it is not removed except by the action of the lrte people themselves. Above all, we hope it is not eliminated by legal means too technical for the people to understand. No matter how much we may detest prohibition, it was adopted by the orderly processes of law. We do not believe that, in the light of our ten years’ experience, prohibition now represents Lbe will

The Indianapolis Times , (A 6CHII**-|IOWAKI> NKWSPAPEK) Owned end pfff'llb<>d daily (I'xrej/t Huu.la}) bv The Indianapolis Time* Publishing Cos., 214-230 Welt Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 rents u copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOVO GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. PRANK G. MORRISON. * Editor • President Business Manager 7'HONK—ltlley W THUitaDAY, DEC. . 1930. Member of United Press. Heilpnn-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

of the American people. But they did adopt it and they incorporated it in the United States Constitution—a double mistake that can be repaired only by the difficult and painful process of voting it out again. Chloroforming the Court By a majority of one, the senate foreign relations committee has voted to sidetrack the world court protocols for another year. This action is not unexpected. When the President, after holding up the protocols for one year, submitted them to the senate early this month, it was said that administration senators would bury them in committee for another year. It is to the credit of Senator Borah, chairman of the committee, that he- has from the first refused to enter into any such delay agreement and that Wednesday he voted with the democratic minority against delay. We refuse (0 get despondent over this Republican effort to prevent the issue reaching the senate floor. Friends of the world court will not give up the fight. They have fought every inch, of the way for years to force the politicians to act. Gradually the politicians’ opportunity for evasion has been narrowed down. It required a lot of pressure finally to get the President to send the protocols to the senate. And it will require a lot more pressure to get the protocols out of committee. But that pressure will be continued until it succeeds. Wednesday’s committee vote was not irrevocable. We have enough faith in the power of public opinion to believe that a small group of men in committee or on the senate floor can not defy the public will and get away with it. That an overwhelming majority of the voters favors prompt American adherence to the court no one doubts. That the recent American (Bok) Foundation survey, showing two-thirds of the daily newspapers of the country for prompt adherence, is representative of public opinion, no one denies. If tiat public opinion can not force action at the present short session, we believe it can force the President to call a special senate session for the purpose in March. We have this faith because no one yet has advanced a reasonable excuse for delay. Senator Borah and the minority opposition have given reasons—unsound, in our judgment—for defeating the protocols; but no one has attempted to justify evading the issue. The pledge and the reputation of the Hoover administration is at stake. If the senate is prevented from voting until nex£ December, the eve of a national campaign year, the politicians probably will bo I able to continue the delay indefinitely. If in this session, or in a special session in the ! spring, the senate is not allowed to act on the world court, the administration will be charged justly with j chloroforming its own child.

Supreme Logic A. Dana Hodgdon, chief of the visa division of the state department, summoned before the Fish committee on Communism, declared that Secretary Stimson “has instructed me to say that I am not at liberty to testify in open session, since such testimony, if published, would be contrary to public interest.” Whereupon Chairman Fish asked Hodgdon to state the reasons why his testimony would be contrary to public interest. “To give the reasons would be to testify,” was Hodgdon’s answer. The more he ponders it, the more the logic of that reply will grow and grow and grow on Chairman Pish. A man in Indiana has invented an illuminated keyhole. A timely device, perhaps, for late-comers celebrating New Year's. Then there’s the fellow', who, asked how he had finished his Christmas shopping so early, replied, “Oh, it’s a gift.” Mary Garden says the old operas are doomed. But, as Shakespeare would’say, the div&s can be expected to pursue the even tenor of their ways. Things are not so bullish for the Spanish government either, it seems. “Well, I should smile,” said the girl as she posed for the dentifrice ad.

REASON BV FR landis

A STRANGE situation has arisen down at Washington, where both parties are doing all in their power to get control of the next house of representatives, for while the Republicans have a majority on the face of the returns, that majority is only two, and cwo is a very small margin out of a total membership of 435. Xt St St Ordinarily there are enough deaths during a session of congress to place the control of the house in the hands of the fates, and, realizing this, both sides have taken every precaution to see that they are sitting comfortably after the fates have transacted their business. n v a The Republican and Democratic leaders have gone to their followers and cautioned them not to throw themselves in the way of the old man who rides a horse and carries a They have asked them to observe a diet and be careful in crossing the street. St St St IT will not be long until this party anxiety shall lead to- all sorts of importunities. It is not out of reason to expect that every member soon shall have his tonsils inspected every morning, that whenever a member coughs he shall be hurried to the cloakrooms and listened to through the garden hose. u u u As the season advances it is likely that a drop in the thermometer will cause Speaker Longworth to go among the Republicans and Representative Garner, minority leader, to go among the Democrats and inquire anxiously whether they still have on their B. V. D.s tt n All of this anxiety immeasurably has lifted the former lowly estate of the new membajr, and where once he was scorned, he now is courted and his wellbeing administered unto the same as if he were a blue ribbon jumping horse. * * 3t WHEN majorities were lopsided the new member merely was tolerated by the house machine; nobody paid any attention to him; nobody cared whether he lived or died; and if he applied for a place on the committee on ways and means he wound up by finding himself on the committee on ventilation and acoustics. * *# He was permitted to stay within the sacrec portals of the house and never exactly was kicked about, but as for being an active member of the body, he had about as much influence as the large oil portrait of Lafayette. * He should sip the nectar of his present advantage while it lasts, for with the passing of the slender margin of control, he will be relegated to innocuous desuetude. r

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Bankers Have New Plan to Cut Cotton Acreage; No Cut by Farmer, Then No Loan to Farmer. Preen MERIDIAN, Miss., Dec. 18.—'The idea of relieving unemplpyI ment through road work appeals to i most people as being splendid. Just ! how splendid, they never will know, ; until they have traveled from Bir- | mingham, Ala., to Meridian, Miss., ! in a dense fog after a three-day i rain. According to the map, at least i one-half of the 175 awful miles which separate these cities is paved. Either the map is wrong, some of the paving has gone astray, but let that pass, sinefe that is no mystery at all, compared to the unpaved stretches. According to the map, these stretches should be gravel, and maybe they are, but, if, so, Noah Webster was all wrong, not to mention the great majority of geologists and engineers. Gravel commonly is understood to mean an aggregate of small rocks which will pack readily and form a hard surface, either permitting the water to drain off, or at least stay on bottom. This red Alabama gravel has no such accommodating characteristics. It not only mixes with water, but rises. You don’t ride on it; you float among it, and you are more likely to float sidewise than in any other direction, which might be all right were it not for the constant possibility of going off high embankments into endless swamps. n a Bath After Bath ONCE, a New Orleans-Birming-ham bus passed us at a rate I of speed w'hich violated the constitution by not less than 50 per cent, and our nice cle&n windshield instantly became an opaque curtain of reddish brown. We paid a colored boy 15 cents to restore daylight and he earned the money. Twenty minutes afterward, a little Ford did the same thing, just to prove that Big Brother had no mortgage on speed, power, or mudr throwing ability, and we donated another 15 cents for the relief of unemployment. Then a five-ton truck and a trailer gave us a double dose, but we refused to raise the ante. Fifteen cents was-our limit. Even at that price, this queer gravel should do a great deal for local business whenever it rains. u u u Politics Horns In BUT let bygones be bygones. Gravel, or no gravel, we got through on schedule and without accident, and we’re nicely settled for the night down here in Mississippi, where cotton is king, where they can say “I told you so” when any one mentions A1 Smith, and where a Governor has played politics with higher education until the southern conference felt obliged to suspend the state’s four colleges. Probably the people wouldn’t feel so badly about those colleges but for football, or about cotton if the market were in better shape. They can postpone the football problem for another eight months, but they are right up against that of the cotton market. The executive committee of the Mississippi Bankers’ Association just has indorsed the Garrett plan for reducing cotton acreage, which doesn’t mean very much until you know' the peculiar method involved, or the popularity it is gaining among those who appear to have the pow r er. * r r The Banks Swing Club J. E. GARRETT of Corpus Christ!, Tex., president of the Southern Cotton Reduction Association, has suggested that bankers throughout the cotton-growing area refuse to make loans to farmers w'ho will not agree to reduce their acreage by at least 25 per cent. He proposes to make this suggestion effective by having the several state banking associations indorse it and by having individual bankers sign pledges to abide by it. He already has obtained enough support to warrant the belief that his plan is on its way to become a movement—a movement which premises to be all the more effective because it is being backed up by those who control the purse strings. tt V t Too Much Cotton ONE w ? ould find it easier to quarrel wdth this scheme of arbitrarily reducing a major crop by 25 per cent were it not perfectly apparent that the south has been producing too much cotton for her own good, regardless of piice, or depression. The craze over cotton not only has led her to spoil a good market, but to pursue a type of farming that has helped to breed tenantry and indigence, while it has handicapped progress along other and more profitable lines. The south needs nothing so badly as diversification of crops, and she has been prevented from getting it by nothing so definitely as the cotton complex.

Questions and Answers

What is the difference between atheism, agnosticism and skepticism? Atheism is the belief that there is no God. Agnosticism is the belief there may be a God, but he can not be known by the human mind. Skepticism, as .sed in religion signifies a doubt regarding religious beliefs. Who wrote the signature piece for Amos ’n’ Andy? “The Perfect Song," signature of Amos ’n’ Andy, was composed by Joseph Carl Breil, with words by Clarence Luces. Where is the Rolls-Royce automobile made? In England and also in the United States.

Daily Thought

O Lord deliver my soul; oh save me for thy mercies’ sake.—Psalm 6:4. We do pray for mercy; and that same prayer doth teach us all to render the deeds of mercy.—Shakespeare.

NEW ALCOHOL DEMTURffiI TO SMELI iIKE BAD EGGS-note - / HERE’S . V, MUD IN YOUR " *3 ah- good & JibylbT OLD PLYMOUTH y?OCK/< ‘ ' '\;/ SO 1/M} 1 I THERE LITTLETqQ) \ \ PON'TCRV- / \ > ACS, N\ ' \ l YOU'LL A HI6HBAU/-4?* \ \ bye an and

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Whooping Cough Peril to Life

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia. the Health Magazine. OF all of the diseases that scientific medicine attempts to control. whooping cough seems to be most difficult. It generally is regarded lightly because most people seem to recover from it readily. The disease is, however, extremely dangerous to small children from the point of view of life. In older children it not infrequently is followed by pneumonia or tuberculosis, and hence represents a menace from that point of view. The control of whooping cough by health authorities is extremely difficult, because it seems impossible to isolate or quarantine cases and families for a sufficiently long time to prevent spread of the disease.

IT SEEMS TO ME BY n BROUN D

IT is a curious trail of lame which will continue, now that Charles E. Chapin has died in Sing Sing. As long as newspapers exist, reporters will regale one another with Chapin anecdotes. And it may be that a good story i$ as enduring a monument as any granite. In the Chapin legend—and he became a mythical figure even before he entered the prison silences—a curious quality exists. Some of the stories concern the manner in which Chapin scored off one of his hirelings, while the others celebrate with equal avidity the manner in which a hireling scored off him. The most famous of the tales has Irvin Cobb as its hero. It was Mr. Cobb who remarked, upon hearing that editor was ill, “Nothing trivial, I hope.” The second most famous anecdote I believe to be an invention. It is. of course, the story of the reporter who called back to say: “When I told him you wanted a statement about the divorce, Mr. Chapin, he took me by the scuff of the neck and threw me downstairs. He’s a big, powerful fellow, and he shouted after me, ‘lf you ever come back I’ll break your jaw!’” To which, according to the legend, Mr. Chapin said from his end of the line, “You go back and tell that big bum he can’t intimidate me.” tt tt a Involuntary Pallbearer LESS familiar is the story of the involuntary pallbearer, related to me by the late Shep Friedman, who was the victim in the case. Mr. Friedman reported three-quarters of an hour late and realized that nothing but an ingenious lie'could save his job. It was suicide, of course, to plead delay in the subway or anything of the sort, for Chapin merely would refer to the Interboro reports and publicly expose the family of any such claim, Shep Friedman was more imaginative than that. He said: “Mr. Chapin, I’m terribly sorry to be late, but a very curious thing happened as I was leaving my apartment. A poor fellow across the hall died two nights ago, and today the undertaker came for him. But he had only two assistants with him. He thought there’d be somebody in the family to help, but there wasn’t. And so he asked me to help him carry the coffin down to ti\e hearse. “I never knew the dead man. I don’t even know his name, but he lived right across the hall, and so, naturally, I couldn’t refuse.” a a a An Editoriaf Idea CHAPIN received the story graciously and attempted no crossexamination, but half an hour later he beckoned the reporter over to his desk. “Shep,” he said, “I think, we have a first-page human interest story here.” “What story?” Friedman wanted to know. “Why, the story of the involuntary pallbearer,’ answered the city editor, “Get his name and all the details and give me 600 words.” , Friedman found the later stages of invention much more difficult than the early ones, but he went through with the lie. When Mje yarn had been finished he appealed to the makejip man to keep it out.

Your Nose’ll Know!

Mothers and fathers permit the children to begin playing outdoors as soon as they are free from fever, yet if they continue to cough, the secretions may contain the responsible infectious agent. The disease is, moreover, infectious at an early stage and children are not put to bed and kept alone until after they have been infected for some time. In this condition and in measles, particularly, it is important to get the child to bed as early as possible and to keep him indoors until a physician has pronounced it safe for him to play with other children. The methods of relief of w'hooping cough are numerous. It is possible to keep the child quiet by the use of properly selected drugs. It is possibleto make the infected

“It never happened,” he explained. Naturally Chapin had no intention of printing any such bare-faced fabrication and he had also issued his secret orders to the makeup man, but as each edition of the paper came up from the composing room he would roar with indignation and say: “What’s become of that story of the involuntary pallbearer? I want that for Page One!” But when that day was done he dropped the matter and never mentioned it again. Be was satisfied with a typically Chapinesque revenge. tt tt tt Bookkeeping AND there was the reporter who came to W'ork one day before the regular pay week began. “My check is for only six*' days instead of seven,” he told the city editor. “If they don’t add it on I’ll never make up for that extra work I did.” “That’ll be all tight,” said Chapin, “I’ll keep ,it in mind. When I fire you I’ll fire you one day early.” Even in prison, Chapin did not depart wholly from his anecdotage. Stories clustered around him during the trial and after. There seems to be authentication for the fable that when he was in peril of a possible first-degree verdict he took occasion to rebuke the reporters in court and say, “Not one of you has written a good story on this case yet.”/? The verdict was that Chapin was suffering from a mental collapse when he shot his wife, and he received a sentence of twenty years. It seems likely that the judgment was just, for in prison his nature changed entirely. Still, he had not became all sweetness and light immediately. He

People’s Voice

Editor Times —In matters such as this franchise which is proposed for the local street railway, let us be fair in our criticisms. It is but logical that the proponent of a measure frame it for his own advantage and according to his own point of view. This has been done and submitted. It now is, as was expected, being picked to pieces. The “other party” now is at liberty to make such changes as seem to be wholly advantageous to his viewpoint. When the clouds clear away, I have no doubt we shall have a just and equitable franchise, worthy of our No Mean City, the Crossroads of America, and dealing fairly with the group which will have to bear the burden of management, bear the brunt of attack from self-seeking politicians, criticisms of a press now j hostile, now otherwise, according to ! the vacillating nature of such media, which reflect the caprice of their owners, their public, and their advertisers. It is not well for us to forget that the sovereignty of these United States rests in the people. As sovereigns should dictate and not be dictated to, let us not fail to see that the dictation, if there is any at all, shall be in our hands and not in Mr. Insull’s. T. A. RENSSELAER. What is the origin and meaning of the name Northcutt? It is a British locality name mearu ing garth dwelling. -

child comfortable and to control intestinal vomiting by proper measures. Not infrequently such children become anemic, due to the long period spent indoors and the difficulty of eating and assimilating food. In such cases, it is important to build up the child through proper diet before it is permitted to return to its usual activities. So far as now known, the vaccines and serums used for the prevention and treatment of whooping cough have not been proved scientifically to be efficacious in the vast majority of cases. Medical research continues to spend much time on the problem, and undoubtedly some specific method of treatment that is effective will be secured.

' 'cals and opinion* expressed ii; (bis column are those o( one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to tbeir agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

retained some trace of the detached and objective attitude which made him such a superb news man. Only a few summers ago a newspaper woman went to see Warden Lawes on some matter in behalf of the League for the Abolition of Capital Punishment. At the end of the conference the warden suggested that she call on Chapin. The editor was courteous to the reporter and wanted to know her mission. When she told him, his face clouded. “I never heard anything so silly,” he exclaimed. “How do you think we’re going to keep people from killing one another without capital punishment?” (Copyright. 1930. by The Times)*

, TH£f-

THE SLAVERY AMENDMENT December 18

ON Dec. 18, 1865, congress passed the thirteenth amendment to the Constitution, abolishing slavery throughout the Union. It was the first amendment, out of the hundreds that had been proposed which had been adopted in more than sixty years. The amendment was the outcome of President Lincoln’s emancipation proclamation which he issued on the first day of the New Year, 1863. The President declared that this “act of justice,” that is, the liberating of all slaves, was warranted “by the constitution upon military necessity.” He invoked for it “the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God.’’

Write Your Own Money People with balances in their checking accounts just don’t run short of cash, for it’s always as handy as the nearest blank check . . . and the cancelled check is a receipt for your expenditures. Hours: 8 A. M. to 5 P. M. Daily 8 A. M. to 1 P. M. Saturday The Meyer-Kiser Bank 128 East Washington Street

.DEC. 18, IWI

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ —

More Medals and Cther Honors Handed to Scientists for Achievements. ''T~'HE scientific Santa Claus is still busy handing out the Christmas season awards for medals and honors. Recently the awards of the Nobel prizes and the medals or toe Royal Society of London were commented on. Following arc some later awards: The gold medal of the Radiological Society of North America has been awarded to Dr. R. A. Millikan, director of the Norman Bridge laboratory of physics of the California Institute of Technology. Dr. Millikan is president of the American Association for the Advancement of Scjence and will deliver the opening address when that organization opens its annual convention in Cleveland on Dec. 29. Dr. Millikan has been awarded many honors in the past, including the Nobel prize in physics. He is one of three American scientists to have won that honor. He is known best as the first scientist to have isolated the electron and for his work confirming the existence of the cosmic rays. > His address at the Cleveland meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science will bear upon his recent researches. The topic will be “Atomic Disintegration and Atomic Synthesis.” a a a Banting Honored ANOTHER Christmas announcement is that the Council of the Royal College of Surgeons ha-s conferred the honorary fellowship of the council upon Dr. Frederick G. Banting, the discoverer of insulin. The council points out that while the discovery of insulin was entirely | outside the realm of surgery, it lias had important bearing upon the practice of surgery. The discovery of insulin, as is pointed out in connection with the j award to Banting, is the most imj portant piece of medical research j ever accomplished in Canada. Banting was born in Canada in 1891 and educated at the University of Toronto. He served in the Canadian army during the World war and subsequently undertook the practice of medicine at London, Ontario. In May, 1921. he returned to the University of Toronto to undertake medical research under the direction of Professor J. J. R. MacLeod, formerly of Western Reserve uni- | versity of Cleveland. While in Cleveland, Dr. MacLeod had spent many years working on the insulin problem. In 1922 Banting and an assistant named Best, discovered insulin. Insulin, used as a treatment for diabetes, is a secretion formed by cells in the pancreas glands known as the isles of Langerhans. Diabetes, their research proved, results from a degeneration of these isles so that they fail to secrete insulin. Hence the injection of insulin from another source, enables the individual who has diabetes to get along. Insulin is a treatment, not a cure, for the disease. In 1923 Banting and MacLeod received the Nobel prize in medicine. tt tt tt Medal for Gould THE American Geographical Society announces the presentation of the David Livingstone Centenary medal to Dr. Laurence M. Gould for his explorations in the Antarctic. Dr. Gould, a member of the faculty of the University of Michigan, was second in command on Admiral Richard E. Byrd’s expedition to the Antarctic. He was the geographer and geologist of the expedition as well. During the expedition, he made two trips. One, by airplane, was to j the newly discovered Rockefeller 1 mountains, 150 miles east of Little America. The other, by dog sled, was 440 miles south of Little America to the mountains which ring the plateau on which the South Pole itself is situated. A careful survey was made of these mountains, the first adequate survey ever undertaken. Dr. David Fairchild, explorer and botanist, since 1906 in charge of the office of foreign plant introduction of the United States department of agriculture, has been awarded the George Robert White medal of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Dr. L. T. Comrie, well-known astronomer, has been appointed superintendent of the Nautical Almanac office of the Greenwich observatory, Greenwich, England. Dr. Corie is a graduate of New Zealand and Cambridge universities. The post is an important one because of the importance of the almanac both to navigators and astronomers. How is the per capita wealth of the United States estimated? By dividing total population into the estimated wealth.