Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 186, Indianapolis, Marion County, 13 December 1930 — Page 4

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J t tt I P P J - H nw AM t>

The Bishop and the Judge It Is said of Woodrow Wilson that in his college days he divided the Princeton prize-speaking contest with an opponent. Wilson got the prize for expression. His opponent won the victory in regard to thought. So in the recent clash between the bishop and the judge, we may award Lindsey the prize for courage and Dr. Manning that for taste. By his action last Sunday, the Denver jurist and philanthropist hardly qualified as the all-American white hope in the national good taste tournament. A more appropriate time and place could have been found for protest and refutation with respect to the alleged slander* of the man of God. Lindsey is no idealistic sophomore. He long since has learned not to expect accuracy and fair dealing from the orthodox higher clergy’. Anybody more liberal than Ralph Easley is in a way to be denounced by them as a free lover, atheist, Communist, anarchist, traitor, materialist and vulgarian. Still, while one is on the good taste topic, the judge had a fine precedent for his behavior in the conduct of the Great Teacher to whom the bishop declare:; such touching fidelity. * Christ once raised a far greater rumpus in the temple at Jerusalem than Lindsey did last Sunday in the temple on Morningside Heights. Moreover, he always was thrusting great thorns in the sides of the Mannings of his day and denouncing them in terms far more severe than any of the shafts delivered at the prophet of Denver by the mstcr of the cathedral. Moreover, one hardly can refrain from observing the failure of the bishop actually to inculcate the spirit or the humble Nazarene in his congregation after years of supervision and preaching. There was little of the “turn-the-other-cheek'’ psychology in the congregation of St. John the Divine last Sunday. One stalwart apostle of Christ pleaded to be allowed to “slug” the diminutive judge, who already was in advanced stages of the collar-and-seat treatment. Another kicked him in the head as he was being carried out. while a sweet woman disciple demanded that the judge be lynched. Indeed, the treatment of Lir.dsey on his way out of the cathedral was not unlike the way Christ is said to have been treated on his way to Calvary If Lindsey does not get the silver cup for ecclesiastical etiquette, neither can we bestow upon Dr. Manning any distinguished service medal for gallantry in action. He had a fine chance last week to go and hear Judge Lindsey—something which his Sunday sermon proved that he greatly needed if he did not personally care to read any of Lindsey's books. He had an opportunity to debate Lindsey or to designate a competent subordinate to uphold his views. No loss of dignity was implied here. Greater men than Manning have debated. Witness Gladstone. Huxley, Ingersoll and Professor Seligman, even Henry Cabot Lodge and Law r rence Lowell. Instead. the bishop chose to defame Lindsey under conditions where the judge had no immediate comeback except in the unseemly conduct which he exhibited at the end of the bishop’s sermon. But the core of the whole matter is not Judge Lindsey's ruffled hair or Bishop Manning’s ruffled 'dignity. It is, rather, the statement of the bishop in his telegram to Lindsey, echoed last week in the statement given to the press by the bishop's subordinate, □r. Gates: “For Christians the moral standards given to the world by Christ are not open to debate.” This Is the nub of the controversy, and here the judge much advantage over the bishop in history and logic as the bishop possessed in heavy battalions last Sunday. The opinions of Christ on astronomy, physics, biology, medicine, geography, psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science and the like are admitted even by the faithful to be debatable. The orthodox have filled great tomes with debates about these matters. Just why should Christ's view’s on morals be reserved from the arena of intelligent discussion? * If Christ was God, then His notions of astrophysics and evolution should be omniscient and valid for all time. If He was man, then His moral views have no more intrinsic authority than those of any other man—and certainly far less w’eight than those of a great modern moral teacher like John Dewey or Havelock Ellis, thoroughly acquainted with the scientific and esthetic basis of morals. Many a sincere orthodox Christian believes Judge Lindsey a very dangerous man. But we choose to believe that Bishop Manning is far more dangerous. As Dr. Stockman has well emphasized in his article in Harper's magazine, there never has been a tiifte when the world so needed a sound moral code which the masses will respect. Such guidance is, indeed, essential to the very preservation of our complex urban and industrial civilization in the machine age. The supernatural code of the bishop no longer commands either the fear or the admiration of the present generation. It will receive even less attention from coming generations. Moral anarchy will result unless a rational and humanistic code can be constructed and adopted. Judge Lindsey at least is looking in the right direction. Bishop Manning is inviting the deluge. Another Hairshirt Perhaps the President is praying to be delivered from his friends. Most of us come to that, soon or late. But Hoover is especially unlucky. At the moment he has to live down the latest ineptitude of his boosters. We refer to that national appeal they sent out for business men to contribute to a New Year’s advertising broadside to cheer the President. People are asked to contribute up to SIOO each to pay for national display advertisement of an open letter to Hoover stating: “When the (economic) crisis came, it found at the head of our government, as if providence had foreseen the need, a man seasoned in the ways of business and skilled in co-ordinating vast enterprises. "Your counsel, your example, the calm judgment with which, on the one hand, you availed yourself of the assistance of other experienced leaders ancf, on the other hand, quietly turned aside destructive criticism before it had a chance to spread groundless fears—these have been prime factors in our victory . . . you will have in the continuation of your policies of readjustment the unqualified support of all Americans who, regardless of party or special interests, have the nation's prosperity at heart.” Now all this may be true. It may seem “as if Providence” had chosen Hoover. It may be that Hoover already has achieved “victory” over unemployment and depression. It may be that those who dare to question the adequacy of Hoover's policy have not “the nation's prosperity at heart” But even if these doubtful assertions were true, it would be unwise to flaunt them in public in that The recent election mandate was a Rigorous protest against Hoover policies. And that sincere ma-

The Indianapolis Times lA SCRiri-S-lIOWAKII NEWSPAPER. <ir.r>ed and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-22 ff West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. laid. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents —delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G MORRISON. Editor President Business M .matter PHONE—Riley W3l SATURDAY. DEC. 13. 1930. Member of United Press. Sctlpps-lloward Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

jority is human enough to resent the implications that! its opposition is an affront in “Providence” and traitorous to the best interests in the country. Hoover's boosters should be too wise to claim a , copyright on honest motives and a monopoly on patriotism. For our part, we can applaud Hoover’s relief program, while wishing that it might go farther and faster. But we would hesitate to place the folly of the administration tariff at the door of Providence. We would hesitate to question the patriotism of j those still loyal, through the Wagner bills, to the Hoover relief plan of 1921, which the President himself ' apparently has now forgotten. Interviewing Einstein Stick your nose in the air and deplore the barbarous American practice of subjecting such distinguished foreign visitors as Dr. Einstein to the indignities of news reporters and photographers. That is the proper attitude to take, we are informed. Being in the business of reporting news ourselves, j perhaps we are somewhat prejudiced in this matter, j Anyway, we can’t work up any righteous indignation on the professor’s behalf. We don’t think his experience with the reporters j hurt Einstein a bit, and maybe it helped him. He is too humble to be a snob, and nobody but a snob would resent such a display of public interest. The reporters, camera and radio men were after what the public wants. The public wants information about Einstein and his science. Vulgar curiosity, it is called. Curiosity, certainly; but no more vulgar than the curiosity which drives the scientist's higher intelligence in pursuit of knowledge. Doubtless the American public mind is a long way from the heights of culture, but it stacks up pretty well with the European mind. Indeed, the record shows that “barbarous” America gave intelligent public support to foreign geniuses like George Bernard Shaw and Albert Einstein when they were unknown or ridiculed by the public at home. Religious War Objectors The supreme court, its membership somewhat changed since Rosika Schwimmer was denied citizenship, has decided to hear and pass upon the citizenship applications of the Rev. Douglas Clyde Macintosh of Yale and Marie Averill Bland, New York nurse. Like Madame Schwimmer, they have refused to give a blanket promise that they will take up arms in war. It is hard to say whether this change in court membership justifies ai.-y more of a change in its attitude. Chief Justice Taft, who agreed with the majority of the court that Madame Schwimmer might pot become a citizen, has been succeeded by Charles Evans Hughes. Justice Sanford, who dissented, has been succeeded by Owen J. Roberts. The issue presented In these cases is a little different, also. Unlike Madame Schwimmer, Dr. Mclntosh and Miss Bland are not propagandists for pacifism. Neither was* a conscientious objector in the last war. Macintosh was a battlefront chaplaiwfMiss Bland a battlefront nurse. But Macintosh can not conscientiously promise to bear arms in any war unless he believes the war is morally justified, and Miss Bland can not take the oath unless she is allowed to add to her promises “so far as my conscience will allow.” A few months ago a circuit court decided, in spite of the Schwimmer decision, that Mr. Macintosh and Miss Bland were entitled to citizenship. The decision was a sane one, and it is difficult to find the appeal of the bureau of naturalization justified. It is difficult to understand where this country might find more desirable citizens than these, with their devotion to principle, their love of peace and humanity, their desireto live close to the ideal of their Christian religion. Don't be so sure the football season is over. Wait until our lame duck congressmen get together in some wing-back formation. “Here are some of our rare old prints,” as the fingerprint expert proudly said to the rogues’ gallery visitor.

REASON

WE know nothing of the movements of the mental machinery of Ben Lindsey of Denver, but we greatly surmise that he is more than reconciled to the fracas in which he figured in St. John’s cathedral in New York last Sui day. a a We would go so far as to feel that the Honorable Ben regarded the same as the greatest advertising exploit of his lcng, head-line acquiring career, for it is decidedly out of the ordinary for one to get into a catch-as-catch-can with a bishop and have one’s pants half removed by an irate congregation. a a a It’s wonderful to make the front page and not even lost one's pants. Particularly is this true when one is going up and down the country’, lecturing on companionate marriage. for publicity is of thi utmost value when one is saving the country in such fashion. a a a WE think Bishop Manning needed a guardian when he proceeded to fire his broadcast against Lindsey, for that’s exactly what the average publicity seeker wants. It was Manning's announced intention to perforate the Lindsey hide that gave Lindsey the chance to announce in the papers that he would be there and reply. , a a a Probably Manning wanted a full house and couldn’t get it in any other way, and if so, "Re succeeded, for the papers record that every inch was covered with a spectator. Having announced that he would go after Lindsey. he should, if a good sportsman, have given Lindsey half of the time. a a a MANNING made a horrible mistake in paying any attention to Lindsey or the companionate marriage proposition which he is lugging up and down the country; he should have preached the gospel and let the ex-judge make his own reputation. a a a Tlie average man and woman have little patience with Lindsey, for they regard his present crusade as an outrageous violation of the privilege of free speech, as well as a nauseating appeal to a further loosening of morals, already sufficiently loose. Personally we have more admiration for a man who gets his money at the end of a gun that for one who gets it at the end of a companionate marriage lecture. a a ,t Now Lindsey and Darrow and othpr professional martyrs will pose in the limelight o i cheap heroism and they doubtless will have buttonhole bouquets pinned on them by every nut and near-nut beneath, the flag, and there are more than several of the**

RY FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

The Old Culture Simply Doesn't Fit Modern Life; Art Must Grow to Survive. THOUGH he chose an unfortunate time and place to express it, there still is a disagreeable amount of truth in Sinclair Lewis’ denunciation of American life. Asa people, we have become dang,, ously commercial in our attitude .oward all things, have developed a faith in quantity, rather than quality, have Mistaken the power of advertising or the value of what is oack of it, and have substituted a belief in dollars for a belief in ideals. The America of 1930 Is not the America of 1880, and Lewis himself is one of the most convincing facts to prove it. We have traveled far since the days of Poe and Hawthorne, and our course can not be described as uniformly upward. That Sinclair Lewis should get the Nobel prize and that most people should feel compelled to admit that no one could be found with a much better claim, bespeaks a low state of literature not only in America, but everywhere else. St St tt Art Must Grow THE situation would be discouraging were it not apparent tha human ingenuity has given art not only broader fields of expression, but better implements with which to express itself. The old culture simply doesn’t fit modern life. The six-foot canvas, the novel, the sonnet and the fairy tale have lost their relative importance. Like everything else, art must grow to survive, must keep pace with human experience to periorm its duty, must accept the most effective media of delivering it3 message. Many authors prefer a typewriter to a pencil. For precisely similar reasons, many other people prefer a movie, or a broadcast, to a book. Art has nothing to build on, except the triumphs and defeats of human experience; nothing to build for, except hopes, fears and aspirations, as they are modified by increased knowledge, and nothing to build with, except the tools at its command. Art loses caste whenever it gets too far out of line with the workaday world, whenever it speaks to people in a language they do not understand, or through symbols and ! instrumentalities which they either > have discarded, or have not learned ! to appreciate. tt tt a Cheap imitations THE trouble with art and literature in this America of ours is that they not only fail to portray its basic ideals and driving emotions, but ignore the equipment it has made available for their use. They come to us, either as cheap imitations of a dead past, or as cheaper forecasts of a weird future. It would be possible for some future historian to take the slapstick comedies put out by Hollywood, or the files of an average newspaper, and get a pretty good idea of how we lived, what we considered important, and why we did certain things. It would not be impossible for an historian to do so by consulting what we call art and literature. Art and literature still are concerned too definitely with the details of craftsmanship to serve their real purpose. They are not the ininstitutional by-products they should be. tt n tt Our Authors Fail THOUGH many have tried, no one has succeeded in writing a J great American epic, book, play, or : opera. Why? Because everybody has tried along obsolete or by picking a raw spot here and there. Whatever its faults and defects, this America of ours contains too much to be pictured in a satire on hypocritical preachers, small town ways, or real estate promoters. Insincere as some of our cru- \ saders may have been, dull as some jof our alleged “developers” may i have shown themselves, and monotonous as life at the forks of some of our creeks may be, none of them has failed more signally, when it comes to reflecting the heart and soul of America, than some of our artists and authors. The best -way to find out just how much America undervalues art is for those in the business to give her some of the genuine article.

People’s Voice

Editor Times—l have read your paper and the morning paper for years, and I do think that our great wave of crime, auto robbery, bank robbery, and murder could be reduced at least 50 per cent if our judges had the power to add from ten to twenty lashes on the bare backs of such violators. I see in youi paper of Dec. 5 that Judge Fi. B. Graham of Winnipeg, Can., sent six men to the penitentiary for robbery and also gave them ten to twenty lashes. This lashing wall stop crime just as it did in our boyhood deys, when we violated our fathers’ rule. Also, I see where three young men went to the gallows for murder and robbery at San Quentin prison, California. As our great men of this good state of Indiana soon will be together to make laws to protect us, they should help put this severe punishment in the law. ELMER STODDARD, 710 East New York street. Editor Times—Acting for the department of conservation and under instructions of the general committee which sponsored the Central States Forestry congress, I am taking this opportunity to thank you for the splendid co-operation of Tire Times in reporting the proceedings of the congress to the public. Indiana should feel proud to have the many experts throughout the region and the eastern portion of the United States come to this state for the first meeting of the congress. The excellent co-operation of The Indianapolis Times contributed very much toward success of the congress. Permit me to digress from our recent meeting to say that from time to time we read excellent editorials in The Times pertaining to the grave problem of reforestation. It is very encouraging to receive this indorsement for our forestry activities. R. F. WILCOX. State Forester.

BELIEVE IT or NOT

Ihe.lkdiams were not cheated SOLO MANHATTAN 'f’tHEY HAD PiACfDiIAITfCOtWHmO INTEREST AMOUNT TO THL STAGGERING .SUM " I A*lu*o Rizzo GRAVESTONE N -offlAlt* / oZ? D / RftiHCESS AnGE CcomTv, Va j REMAINED AF/.CAT IN TriE WATER, \^op 0 / Por 68 consecutive Hours 00/? / '■ £ |Kim Fwan SyndtcsU. Iw. Grou Britain righu mared, /J 3

Following is the explanation of Ripley’s “Believe It or Not,” which appeared in Friday's Times: James A. Graham walked 123 Miles Without a Stop—J- A. Graham of Buffalo, who died in July, 1930, w T as a crack heel and toe artist, and had a great long-dis-tance walking record. On Sept. 8, 1924, he made a world’s record by walking 123 miles without a stop. During the later years of

Normal Blood Pressure Is About 120

This is the last of four articles by Dr. Fishbein on health requirements in insurance examinations. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor .Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. AS has been mentioned frequently in these columns, the normal blood pressure is about 120, increasing gradually to about 125 at 30 years of age, 130 at 40 years of age, and 140 at 60 years of age. These figures are in no sense of the word absolute. A man of 60 or 65 years of age may have a blood pressure of 120 and be an excellent life insurance risk. The figures of the life insurance companies indicate that a person who has a blood pressure over 140 is not in general as good a risk as one who is below this figure. Most insurance companies decline to issue large policies on people whose blood pressure is regularly over 170. If in addition to the increased blood pressure there is a record that

IT SEEMS TO ME

THE issue which lies between Judge Lindsey and Bishop Manning would be less confused if the judge had not gone to the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. The fact that the little man from Denver interrupted a prater through a misapprehension is not the important point. There was no place during the service at which his reply could be made with dignity and effectiveness. The right of free speech does not come clearly into the controversy. I hold it to be reasonable that any man violently and unfairly attacked should have the opportunity of adequate reply. It seems to me that Bishop Manning’s sermon was disgraceful in mood and logic. The pulpit v’as dishonored by being reduced to a mere platform for petulance. But Ben Lindsey was in no danger of losing his inning. The judge was under the necessity of doing no more than proceeding quietly back to his hotel and summoning the newspaper men. On a Monday morning the first page would have been his for the asking even if he had not precipitated a minor riot in the cathedral. tt tt # More Effective IN fact, under the procedure which I have mentioned it would have been possible for the disciple of companionate marriage to have introduced his views at much greater length and with more clarity. Conceding that the bishop erred gravely by the introduction of extraneous considerations, it must be admitted that Judge Lindsey did likewise. He was provoked, but it is not asking too much of a useful and thoughtful citizen that his manners should be at least a little better than those of Bishop Manning. Although from a neutral commentator upon the question at issue, I am ready to grant the bishop’s right to take exception to the scheme of companionate marriage. I always have felt it to be a cumbersome method of reforming undoubted evils. The same results could be secured in a much more simple manner. In effect, Judge Lindsey stands for the free dissemination of contradeceptive information and easy divorce. I can see no particular /a : M '■> 1 ■ .. 'it rsM

On request, sent with stamped addressed envelope, Mr. Ripley will furnish proof of anything depicted by him.

his life he made many walking trips, among which were strolls from Toronto to New York, Buffalo to Boston and Buffalo to New York. Reference Andrews Sporting Annual. J. S. Sherertz Attended Four Games in Twenty-five and OneHalf Hours—J. S. Sherertz, an attorney of Roanoke, Va., attended four regularly scheduled college football games within twenty-five

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

indicates that the family tends to break dow r n early, that the heart is weak, ors that the kidneys are insufficient in their action, a careful examiner likely will reject the applicant. Low blood pressure may be associated with jaundice, anemia, or general weakness; with neurasthenia, or with infection in various pgrts of the body such as the teeth, tonsils or the nose. If the blood pressure is not below 100, the examiner is likely to be little disturbed by the fact that it is below 120. All sorts of systems have been devised for determining the efficiency of the action of the heart. Not one of the tests is absolute, but taken with other factors they may indicate points of great importance. If the applicant is told to bend down and try to touch his toes ten to twenty times, his pulse rate will rise and then return to normal. After such exercise with a normal heart, the pulse rate will rise rapidly from fifteen to twenty beats

point in giving these excellent causes a joint name and making that name “companionate marriage.” The judge, like the bishop, is too rigid a moralist. Though he advances modernistic theories, he insists upon using ancient terminology. The experiment which he suggests must be a marriage, at least of sorts, or he will have none of it. This being so, the phrases adopted by Bishop Manning seem singularly ill-timed. To say, as the bishop did, that Ben Lindsey’s scheme for dissoluble marriage is nothing but “free love” is gross stupidity or manifest perversion of the facts. Free love exists and always hasIt has its articulate defenders, but promiscuity needs no plan, and if Ben Lindsey were arguing for it he would hardly need to set up the somewhat over-elaborate mechanism on which companionate marriage depends. U St tt Bishop at His Worst A ND Dr. Manning was at his •L*- worst as he warmed to his discourse. It is a shocking thing that the bishop of a great denomination should fall into unblushing tabloidism before a congregation of worshipers. “As to his latest book," Bishop Manning is quoted as saying, “I can only say here, speaking as a bishop of the church, that it is in my judgment one of the most filthy, insidious and cleverly written pieces of propaganda ever published in behalf of lewdness, promiscuity, adultery and unrestrained sexual gratification, and I believe that this would be the verdict upon it of any cleanminded person.” But when Dr. Manning said that he was not speaking as a bishop of the church at all, but as a waspish little man moved to undignified fury by a revolt within the clergy of his diocese, he was indulging in chalk writing and bad temper. If there had been a rattle in the pulpit, Bishop Manning would have broken it. Possibly to the extent of half of 1 per cent the preacher was animated by a resentment against what he considered un-Christian teaching. but all the rest of his rancor could be traced pretty direotly to

-wr Registered O. S. JLr V l atent Office RIPLEY

and one-half hours elapsed time. He attended the Roanoke-Lynch-burg game at Salem, Va., at 8 p. m., Oct. 31; then went to Lexington for the V. M. 1.-Davidson game at 11 am., Nov. 1, and saw Washington and Lee tie V. P. 1., at 2:30 p. m. the same day. That night at 7:45 he attended the Roanoke-Emory and Henry freshman game at Salem, which ended at 9:30. Monday—“A Ripley Favorite.**

and return to normal after three minutes. If the pulse rate rises to over 110 and does not return to normal in five minutes, there may be a deficiency of the heart muscle. In the same way, the blood pressure should rise after exercise and return to normal after three minutes. If instead of a rise after exercise, the pressure becomes lower, there may be a doubt as to the condition of the muscle of the heart. Clinicians of great experience are not disturbed greatly over slight rises of blood pressure; indeed, many feel that too much emphasis has been placed on this point, and hesitate even to mention the fact to the patient, for fear of causing him to become a blood pressure invalid. Men of the wrong temperament who have been previously active may become melancholy, semi-in-valids due to the constant terror that they may suffer from the fear of sudden illness or exhaustion if they make the least exertion.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting- writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

RV HEYWOOD BROUN

indignation against any contradiction of the teachings of Bishop Manning. a tt a No Perusal f | ■'HE question as to whether he ever actually read any extended remarks of Ben Lindsey is pertinent. It is hard to explain the tribute to the judge’s subtlety of presentation and diabolical cleverness in propaganda. The fact is that Judge Lindsey is one of the worst writers in the world. And not so much as a talker, either. He is about as subtle as a Ziegfeld revue. The judge’s success as a champion of minority causes rests in his blazing sincerity and earnestness. Nobody in America ever has suc- : ceeded in getting so honestly stirred |up about anything as Ben Lindsey can about everything. He has the persistence of an eager child. In fact, his great success in handling cases of juvenile delinquency came from the fact that he talks and thinks as a chile", and that he understood without effort the mental processes of the immature prisoners who came to his court. And they understood him. Ben Lindsey may be on occasion wrong-headed, but anybody who denies or even suspects the raging fqrce for righteousness within that { small frame is simply unobservant. tt tt tt The Red Herring THE pulpit reference to the Colorado disbarment proceedings ■ was a gesture unworthy of a man .of God. It would have been unworthy of even a cheap prelimii nary prizefighter. And the quality of the bishop's I spiritual leadership may be checked by the fact that members of his | congregation cried out, ’Xynch ; him!” and that several beat a small, defenseless man severely. (CoDTrleht. 1930. bv The Time*) ■ j| Daily Thought I Wealth maketh many friends. —Proverbs 19:4. It is only when the rich are sick that they fully feel the impotence of wealth.—Colton. /

.DEC. 13, 1930

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

Einstein Theory Passes Its Twenty-Fifth Anniversary and Duly Is Celebrated . AN observant Roman, some centuries ago, observed that time flies. *No doubt, an equally observant Egyptian said the same tiling several centuries before that. The reader may judge for himself how quickly time flies by meditating upon the fact that the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Einstein theory recently was observed. A report in the current issue of Science, official publication of the American Asso nation for the Advancement of .‘Science, tells that the University of Colorado recently celebrated that event. The Royal Society of London also held a celebration. Perhaps, other institutions also noted the passing of the quarter-century mark since the inception of relativity. Somehow, we forget how quickly the years roll around. It seems as though it were only yesterday that the World war ended and men’s attentions turned to other things, among them radio broadcasting and the theory of relativity. Both radio and relativity were developed prior *to the war, but it was not until the shooting was over that either received the general attention of the public. n tt u Special Theory IT was on Sept. 26. 1905, that Professor Albert Einstein published his first paper on the subject of relativity. It appeared in the “Annalen der Physick,” and its title was “Zur Elecktrodynamik Bewegter de Physik.” This first theory of Einstein's subsequently became known as the special theory of relativity. It was followed by his general theory of relativity in 1915. Other subjects besides relativity also occupied Einstein’s attention during those years. It was a paper by Einstein which helped to establish the quantum theory, the theory that light consists of little particles or bullets known as quanta, and not of waves. Einstein also had much to do with various ideas about the structure of the atom. The general theory of relativity contained the prediction that star images would appear shifted out of their normal positions upon eclipse photos because of the bending of the rays of light from the stars as they passed the sun. This prediction permitted of experimental verification, but every one was too busy during the World war to try it, Two eclipse expeditions sent out by rhe British in 1918—one by the Cambridge observatory and the other by the Greenwich observatory —tested the Einstein prediction and found it correct. It was this discovery of the Einstein shift, as it came to be called, which started the world talking about relativity. tt tt tt The Field Theory EINSTEIN’S latest contribution has been his field theory. This is an extension of his previous theories. Newton developed what was known as the law of universal gravitation. Einstein’s equation for gravitation departs from that of Newton. He derived it from a course of reasoning wheih begins with the equations of Maxwell, which deal with electromagnetic phenomena. Many authorities have felt that gravitational phenomena and electromagnetic phenomena must be fundamentally the same. The action of a magnet attracting a bit of iron, and the earth attracting a falling object, look very much alike. And yet there are important differences. It is possible to insulate against magnetic action. No one has found a way to insulate against gravity. In his field theory, Einstein develops an equation from which both the electromagnetic and the gravitational equations can be derived. Authorities regard this as a step toward solution of the problem of the relation and fundamental nature of the two sets of phenomena. Einstein is on his way to America to carry on experiments in Pasadena, Cal., at the famous California Institute of Technology. Perhaps the next great theory from the marvelous brain of Einstein will be evolved in this country.

BATTLE FREDERICKSBURG r Dec. 13 /''VN Dec. 13,1862, the Confederates. under Lee, scored one of theftmost decisive victories of the Civil war when they defeated Burnsides Union army at Fredericksburg. 1 Up to this time the south and north each had won an importartt battle. First Lee had vanquished Pope at Bull Run and then McCieLlan turned the tables on Lee at Arctic t am, where, on Sept. 17, therp occurred the ‘‘bloodiest single day of fighting of the war.” After Antietam, Lee retreated across the Potomac, leaving M Clelian in possession of the field. - President Lincoln then ordered McClellan not to let Lee get off “without being hurt,” but McClellan moved so slowly in pursuit that he was removed from command and replaced by Burnside. Burnside proceeded at once against Richmond, and on the way encountered Lee at Fredericksburg, where he was strong entrenched along the hills on the south bank of the Rappahannock. Burnside was defeated with a loss of 12,000 men, after which he was superseded by Joseph Hooker. How many acres does the King ranch, near Kingsville, Tex., containt It is the largest ranch in the United States and contains 1,250,000 acres entirely fenced in. Is the English guinea a gold coin? It is an English monetary unit, equal to 21 shillings. It was a former English gold coin, so called because it was first coined in 1663 from Guinea gold. It was issued until 1817,