Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 180, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 December 1930 — Page 4

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S C * I P P J - It O*V A* D

Absurd Things Happen Attempt of European politicians to laugh off the Moscow conspiracy trial are rather unsuccessful. According to the prominent Russian engineers who have confessed to their part in the alleged plot—and who probably will be executed as a test of the sincerity of their confessions—the counter-revolutionary plan for overthrow of the Soviet government was hatched b ya group of powerful Europeans, including Foreign Minister Briand and ex-Premler Poincare of France, and the British oil king, Sir Henri Deterding. But tho French and the British, with an easy shrug of the shoulders, say all this is too absurd for belief and that the obvious origin of the plot story is Moscow propaganda for home consumption. We agree that the idea of military intervention by Russian counter-revolutionists backed by allied governments and oil magnates is too absurd for belief. That Is what we thought when the allied governments ail oil magnates were guilty of precisely this stupidity in supporting the counter-revolutionary interventions by General Wrangel and others after the World war. We would like to think that the allied politicians and industrialists have learned from experience and no longer are directly or indirectly plotting war against Russia. But in view of their past record, the intelligent public will study the evidence coming out in the Moscow trial before redlculing the charges. So far it seems pretty clear that there was an extensive plot for intervention, backed by foreigners, and that the plotters inside Russia believed that those co-operating from Parts and London were the prominent politicians and industrailists named. That, however, is a long way from proving that the Russian conspirators were accurate in their identification of their outside aids. The notorious czarist groups in Paris and other European capitals, which live on anti-Soviet plots, naturally would try to make their co-conspirators in Russia believe they had the backing of the Poincares and Doterdings, even though the latter had ceased supporting such apparently hopeless tasks as overthrow of the Soviet government. A Budget Spree One reason for the strong reaction in the country against prohibition is the muddled methods and tactics of the government in its enforcement campaign. For instance, the terrorist activities of dry agents, their indiscriminate shooting, invasio nos homes without warrants. wire-itapping and other illegal acts in the name of law. Now the government is giving the public another excuse for hating prohibition—the President's request for an increase in direct enforcement appropriations of more than $3,000,000. in addition to Indirect increases. Prohibition is partly responsible for the federal deficit. That necessitates a tax incx-ease. Does the administration expect the public, in the midst of hard times, to react kindly to this added dry burden? Does the administration expect those who have been refused, on the plea of ecnoomy, necessary increases for humanitarian activities, such as child health and maternity care, to applaud further lavish outlay for dry snoopers? And what about the millions of unemployed, who can not feed their children this winter? That direct prohibition increase of $3,000,000 would provide 600,000 hours of work at $5 an hour for the joblesss. Why isn't that money being used to help the unemployed? There are a great many hungry mothers and fathers asking that question today. We hope congress will ask the same question. If it does, there will be no increase in prohibition appropriations this winter.

Half a Seat Assuming that Jim Davis can prove his right by lair election to his seat as senator from Pennsylvania, that does not explain the senate's rush Tuesday in seating him. What was the hurry? Why did the senate act before all the evidence was in? The senate had asked its committee to investigate campaign expenditures. The committee was ready to report on various campaigns, including that of Davis. But at, the last minute new and previously unreported Davis campaign expenditures were uncovered. So the committee took the only course possible of asking for a brief delay to consider the new evidence. That the senate insisted on seating Davis at once and deliberately ignoring the new evidence is so astounding that it will require a great deal of explaining. Does it mean that the senate majority does not care how a member is elected or how much money he spends? Does it mean that the senate has reversed the policy on which it excluded Vare of Pennsylvania and Smith of Illinois for excessive expenditures? The Vare-Beidleman ticket spent $780,000 and Vare was refused his seat, though he argued that most of the money was used for Beidleman. The Davis-Brown tirket spent $628,000, according to the first reports of the committee and now. on the basis of new evidence, .committee members estimate the total at “more than $1,000,000." What was the pressure upon the Republican old guard and Democratic powwow under Leader Joe Robinson, which resulted in the senate’s unexpected and unexplained winking at a charge of a milliondollar election? The senate orobablv has not heard the last of this.

Here Are Some Puzzlers and Their Answers

When was the Guggenheim Foundation for the advancement of aeronautics established, and what was its purpose? Des it still function? Tile Daniel Guggenheim Fund lor the Promotion of Aeronautics was formed in January. 1926. with deeds of gift from Daniel Guggenheim totaling $2,500,000. of which both interest and principal were to be expended. Grants were given to colleges and various aeronautical companies were aided. The fund was discontinued Dec. 31. 1929, when it was felt that aviation had advanced to the point where it no 'onger needed the subsidy of such a fund. What are the botanical definitions of vegetables and fruit? Is the watermelon a vegetable or a fruit? A vegetable, in the popular sense, is any part of an herbaceous plant commonly used for culinary purposes. It may consist cf the root, beet and turnip; stem, asparagus, celery, rhubarb, tuber or underground stem, potato; foliage, cabbage and spinach, or that which is bbtanaeally the fruit, tomato, bean,

The Indianapolis Times iA SCKIITS.HOWARD XEWSI'AI’KKi Uwui'd and i übllsbAd daily (except Nuuday) ty The Indianapolis Timet PaMiahlng Cos. 214-220 Weal Maryland Klreet. Indianapolis. Ind PrPe in Marlon County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 8 rents- delivered by carrier. 12 *nta • week. 80V1) GL'RLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G MORRISON Editor President Business Manager I HONE- RI lev ftWil SATURDAY. DEC. , 1930. Member of United Preea, Scrlppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau ot Circulation!. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

pea and eggplant. The tomato is both a fruit and a vegetable, though for table use and in the garden and market it ranks as a vegetable only. The same is true of cucumbers. The pumpkin and squash, which are botanically fruits, are classed as vegetables, while the melon which is of the same family, is termed a fruit in common usage. Watermelons are classed as vegetables by the department of agriculture. Name the plenipotentiaries who signed thq treaty of peace of Portsmouth between Russia and Japan? Russia. Sergius Witte and Baron Roman Rosen: Japan. Baron Komura lutaro and Takahira Kogoro. What is the value of the Norwegian ore and crown in American money? The ore is worth $0.0025. and the crown is worth $0,258. Is there a war to remove the odor and taste of vinegar from old vinegar barrels? Fill the barrels with hilf of lime an diet it stand for several months, the urinse, out well with plenty of warm waqtr, and steam the inside

Old Guard Logic Two of the most prominent Republicans entering the senate at the short session of congress were Dwight Morrow of New Jersey and Jim Davis of Pennsylvania. The problem of the G. O. P. bosses In the senate, presumably, is to make the best possible use of these men for the benefit of the country—or, at any rate, for the benefit of the party. It is no secret that senate business is run by committees. Committees hold the power of life and death over legislation. What happens on the floor of the senate is good for public consumption, but it is in the committee rooms that the wheels go round and the wires are pulled. Hence the interest in the committee assignments of Morrow and Davis. Among other vacancies, the G. O. P.—or the Republican committee on committees, to use the official title—had empty seats on the committee of banking and currency and the committee on education and labor. Morrow, it will be recalled, has had a speaking acquaintance with the problems of banking and currency as a partner in the House of Morgan. Davis, it also may be recalled, has been secretary of labor under three Presidents. So Morrow, the banker, was assigned to the labor committee; and Davis, the labor expert, was assigned to the banking committee. There also was a naval affairs committee vacancy. But since Morrow, as a delegate to the London naval conference, knew something bout the subject, that job was not given to him, but to Davis, who knows nothing about it, Such is the wisdom of party leadership. Earl Sande, jockey, is giving vocal recitals this winter. Expecting to stirrup a little change in the off season, eh? Residents of Linoleumville, Staten Island. N. Y., have changed the name of their town to Travis. Probably because they felt they had been walked on enough. The best quality of hard red winter wheat, says the department of agriculture, is produced in the United States. Is this calculated to make the Russian reds turn green with envy? Then there's the Chicago gunman who sprayed his mischievous son with bullets, in the belief that to spare the “rod” is to spoil the child. Bobby Jones may escape some grueling competition by going iix the movies, but he’ll still have his gallery. “Thar's gold in them tiiar bills," said the husband caustically as he looked over his wife’s statements.

REASON bv F ™ CK

A FUNNY thing has occurred in a court in Chicago, which is not surprising, since almost all things that occur in Chicago courts are perfectly side splitting. But this thing we refer to was more funny; it was grotesque. a a a There’s a judge up there by the name of John H. Lyle and recently he has earned a lot of fame by running his court on a common sense basis. There's no swifter nor surer way for an American judge to become famous than by acting as a perfectly normal human being. a a a Lyle has been doing this, to the utter astonishment and dismay of lawbreakers, their high-pow'ered lawyers and the professional bondsmen, to say nothing of the swarm of corrupt political cooties which have made Chicago’s attempted administration of criminal justice the dark reproach of the country.

r rins judge has been giving those accused of crime ■L their constitutional right to an immediate trial; he has been handing them this constitutional right when the defendants did not relish it at all. He lias been trying them at once when they wanted to put it off for several years. a a a The specific act for which Lyle has been called to account was this:' A man was brought up for trial and he asked for a change of venue, but when the formal application therefor was not produced, Lyle set the case for trial and the case was tried and the defendant convicted in thirty minutes. tt tt tt Tf'Oß this and other acts of common sense Lyle has I? been ordered to explain to judges of larger official caliber why it is that he does not proceed according to the hocus-pocus methods which have made the American courthouse the refuge of the criminal and the asylum of the outlaw. a tt a If every criminal judge in America were to proceed as Lyle has proceeded our criminal problem soon would vanish into thin air and the mushy-headed maudlin Matties who are in favor of serving marshmallows and cake to criminals would lose their grand pastime, for the criminals would disappear. tt tt a Simplification of criminal procedure is in the hands of the courts. Let them do as Lyle has done and then let the superior judges sustain their action and organized crime would hunt its hole and pull the hole in after it. Other countries have fewer crimes than this, largely because their judges hand the law breaker his load without any delay whatever. Instead of cens ire, Lyle is entitled to the cheers of all decent people.

of the barrel for half an hour. They may be so impregnated with acteous substances that it is practically impossible to render them fit for the storage of any other substance. Who played the parts of the three brothers, in. the. motion, picture “Beau Geste”? Ronald Colman. Neil Hamilton and Ralph Forbes. Is there a state church now in Germany? The present constitution of the German republic provides for entire liberty of religious conscience and there is no state church. Is *‘l feel bad" or “I feel badly" the correct expression? “I feel bad” is correct. What is the name of the musical selection played as the introduction to the motion picture “Romance?’’ “Lei best rum” (dream of love) by Liszt. The number was originally written for a piano selection without words, and has since been arranged with wordi|

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

By and Large, Lawyers Are Fine People , but Their Profession Makes for an Immoral Attitude. AN lowa farmer admits that the divorce his former wife recently obtained was not all it should be according to law. He really swapped her with his “best friend" for seven hogs, a dozen chickens and one dog. By way of explanation, he says that though he had grown tired of her, he couldn't bear the idea of turning her out to shift for herself. His “best friend” being a bachelor, it occurred to him that the two might see a mutual advantage m uniting. Finding them agreeable after the scheme had been duly presented, he allowed his wife to get a divorce in exchange for the livestock above mentioned. It sounds pretty raw, but when you get right dowm to brass tacks, is it essentially different from the average suit over “alienated affection,” except that lawyers were not permitted to get away with the bulk of the profit. St It It's Crooked Thinking \ PING his betters, that lowa farmer would have gone about the business in a subtler way. First, he would have thrown his wife and best friend together without giving them the slightest excuse to suspect what he had in mind. Then he would have arranged with some detective agency to catch them in a compromising position, or, if that proved too difficult, to “frame" them. Then he ‘would have hired eminently respectable lawyer to bring suit for in connection with his lest love. Win, draw, or lose, his conduct would have been beyond reproach, according to law. ' One hears much about the alleged breakdown of our moral concepts. Some lay it to “flaming youth,” some to science, and some to the Volstead act. This writer believes that a great deal of it is due tc the crooked thinking which attorneyism cleverly has so draped with the appearance of logic and respectability. By and large, lawyers are fine people, but their profession makes i for an unmoral attitude. It is largely a civilized version of trial by combat. It functions on a theory of indifference as to whether the side it serves is right or wrong. It carires no convictions into the courtroom. Wining cases, regardless of whether they ought to be won, is its major objective. a a a That’s Why It’s Rotten THAT is why Mooney and Billings remain in prison, though many a murderer is walking the streets. That is why a “fence” can regard his business as legitimate, though the thieves that built it for him rot behind bars. That is why some of our political leaders wink at graft, though you couldn’t get them to take a dollar of it for themselves. That is why we can’t reach an A1 Capone, though we can send the mother of eight children away for life for selling as little as a pint of gin four different times. That is why so many witnesses fear the gang more than they fear the law, and why they protect crime bv silence or perjury. That is why we adopt so many statutes which we have no intention of enforcing, why we have become a nation of liars and hypocrites, not only with regard to prohibition, but with regard to many other things, notably divorce. The law' has ceased to express our conceptions of right and wrong. It has become a system, a ritual, a machine, which operates as though it formed no part of public opinion, or the public conscience, and as though it owed nothing to society, except self-preservation from a strictly technical standpoint. As the play has it, “we used to call them courts of justice; now we call them courts of law.”

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CONRAD'S BIRTH Dec. 6

ON Dec. 6, 1857, Joseph Conrad, famous English novelist, was bom in Ukraine of a Polish family named Korzeniowski. His father was a Polish revolutionist. Upon his death, Joseph, then 13, made Ids way to Marseilles, where he entered the French merchant marirfe. For two years he served in the Mediterranean and on the South American coast. Though he learned to speak and write French with fluency in youth, he knew hardly a word of English when he came to Lowestoft, England, and qualified as able seaman on a coasting vessel. Four years later he had become master in the British merchant service and a British subject. His subsequent travels to many parts of the world gave him the material with which he wrote his great works on seafaring life. Conrad said that his first English reading was in a newspaper and. as he wrote to a friend, “my first acquaintance by the ear with it was in the speech of fishermen . . . and sailors of the east coast. “But in 1880 I had mastered the language sufficiently to pass the first examination for officers in the merchant service. “But ‘mastered’ is not the right word; I should have said, ‘acquired.’ I've never opened an English grammar in my life.” Conrad died Aug. 3, 1924. What was the optional clause adopted by the British government with regard to entry into the world court? The clause was inserted in the statute of the world court, providing that a nation may also declare that it accepts the jurisdiction cf the court as compulsory ipso facto, and without special agreement, in any legal dispute in the first four of the five classes of disputes in which the court was given compulsory jurisdiction by the advisory committee.

BELIEVE IT OR NOT

Who Was He ? jm mt —’awwwaC m[ v : t A UNIQUE MAGIC SQUARE i \ s lf| \ XDTALS I7S IN ALL DIRECTIONS : _ ~V^ w J Numbers piped by slkmqM. \ V -- e> 19JO. Kino Syndicate Ini.. Oml Britain "amt * *

Following is the explanation of Ripley’s “Believe It or Not" w’hich appeared in Friday’s Times: The Sugar Violin —This strange Instrument was made and is played by Adolph Hubner, San

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Mother Needs Rest During Nursing

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvecia. the Health Ala-cazlne. It is recognized that the mother with active tuberculosis should not nurse her baby and that the mother with severe chronic diseases, such as inflammation of the kidneys, heart disease, or cancer should not be called on to undertake this task. It usually is customary to discontinue nursing at a time when the breast is infected. In case the child develops vomiting or colic, or fails to gain in weight, it is not necessary for the mother to discontinue nursing. In such case she much find out from her physician whether she is feeding the baby often enough or too often, W’hether or not she is herself eating a proper diet, and whether or not it is desirable for the baby to have additional food. Tlie woman who is nursing a

IT SEEMS TO ME by

SITTING idly by the radio the other night, twirling the dials, I happened upon an hour devoted to celebrating the methods of a famous tree surgery house. And, inevitably, the period was introduced by a rendition of Joyce Kilmer’s well-known poem. I wouldn’t be the one to evaluate Kilmers precise position in the world of poetry, but “Trees” (if I have the name right) is one of the most annoying pieces of verse within my knowledge. The other one is Kipling’s “If,” with third place reserved for Henley’s “Invictus.” “Trees” maddens me, because it contains the most insincere line ever written by mortal man. Surely the Kilmer tongue must have been not far from the Kilmer cheek when he wrote, “Poems are made by fools like me.” I mean that Joyce Kilmer must have felt as he was writing his poem, “This is pretty good stuff.” It did turn out to be his most popular poem, but, good or bad, successful or unsuccessful, the motivating force in any kind of composition is the feeling that, on the whole, you are a somewhat superior person, with information or fireworks worth showing to the assembled community.

Spurious Humility KILMER, as a professional poet, never thought for a moment .that poets were fools or insignificant puddlers in the pool of ultimate values. He thought well of himself and of the art in which he dabbled. He was indulging in a wholly spurious humility. Asa matter of fact, his major contention is at least subject to debate. I'm not willing to grant that even the worst tree is a production which dwarfs the best poem. I’ve seen scraggly scrub pines which were not fit to be mentioned in the same breath with “An Ode to a Grecian Urn.’’ The poem has and will last longer, and its foliage offers more refreshment. I might as well admit that much of nature worship leaves me outside and agnostic. I can take my mountains and my sunsets like a gentleman or leave them alone. Not every peak is impressive, and the clouds sometimes marshal themselves into colors and combinations which are distinctly ham. It wouldn’t be at all a bad arrangement to have no sunset permitted without the personal approval Os Turner. a u n My Swiftest Pain MY swiftest, pain comes from such articulate folk as are fond of saying that they prefer trees to

On request, sent with stamped addressed envelope, Mr. Ripley will furnish proof of anything depicted by hirrf. *

Francisco confectioner and sculptor, who resides at 1816 O'Farrell street. The violin first was modeled in cardboard, and finally modeled in sugar with a gum tragacinth. Hubner has a

baby must keep herself in good physical condition and eat the proper food. To keep herself in good physical condition, she must have plenty of sleep and some exercise in the open ail*. Most authorities on the care of infants advise discontinuance of the midnight feeding after the first few weeks. They recommend that the mother rest for at least one hour every afternoon, and that she relax and rest for a while after each nursing. It is recognized that worry and mental strain may affect the quantity and nature of the secretion of milk. If the mother has not sufficient milk, the baby will be hungi*y and fretful. The mother will, therefore, get little rest and, as a result, the supply of milk will not increase. In such cases, the addition of suitable artificial feeding may bring about improvement in both the mother and the child.

people. It is one of the counts which I hold against Gene Tunney. I met him at a luncheon shortly after he had won the heavyweight championship. I tried to draw him out and get some expression of the elation which I supposed he would feel at baing a current hero and idol. In particular I wanted to know if he didn't get a kick out of being recognized by taxi drivers. This always has seemed to me one of the most exciting forms of tribute. One of the proudest moments of my life occurred just two nights ago when a driver who hitherto was a stranger to me turned from the wheel and said, “Heywood, I caught you on the radio last night, and you were all right.”

Famous Grow Bored TN justice to Mr. Tunney, it must | •*- be pointed out that my elation over the incident came from the fact that it was unusual and surprising. If a taxi driver recognizes a newspaper columnist, that's news, as far as the columnist is concerned. In the ease of a heavyweight champion, his most casual excursion is certain to attract & crowd. But reluctant idols develop clay feet sooner than the rest. It was fun to watch Jack Dempsey and notice the way in which he reveled at having stragglers come to heel to call him, “Hey, Champ!” Once or twice I have complained in this column of the growing avidity of autograph hounds. The present eagerness of the collectors is so great that they buttonhole even the most unlikely subjects. I'm afraid that this was an insincerity on my part. As one distinctly subject to flattery, I am pleased to be asked. “Won’t you sign my album and add a few sentiments?” It makes me feel like the Button Gwinnet of my time. a a a Tunney Said ‘No’ BUT Tunney told me that all these raids into his privacy were a bore and an annoyance. Striking a somewhat theatrical attitude he exclaimed: “I want to get away from it all! I want to get into the solitudes of the great

Daily Thought

Mercy and troth preserve the king; and his throne is npholden by mercy.—Proverbs 20:28. Mercy to him that shows ft. is the rule.—Cowper.

tc -ay Registered 0. S. JLf V l atent Office RIPLEY

bewildering fairyland of sugar buildings, figures and bric-a-brac in his confectionery shop. Monday: From top to bottom of the United States in twelve hours.

It also has been recognized that one of the chief factors for causing good flow’ of milk is stimixlation to the breast that comes from complete emptying by the infant. Thus methods have been developed both by massage and by the use of artificial devices to empty the breast in case the infant does not do so. Such regular emptying stimulates production of milk. Dr. W. McKim Marriott cites cases in w’hich wet nurses have been known to produce more than a gallon of milk a day. The size of the breast and apparently the fact that the mother is either thin or fat does not seem to be of great importance in relationship to the amount of milk that the mother may produce. It is not possible to state in advance that any woman will or will not be able to nurse her baby. A careful study of this ability after the infant is born is the one sure method of determining this fact.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presentf.l without regard to their agreement or disagreement odth the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

North Woods. The more I see of people, the better I like trees.” And from that moment I set down the handsome young heavyweight as a phony. It is reasonable enough that everybody should have his pet tree, but a passion for an entire forest seems to me excessive. After you’ve seen a hundred oaks you've practically seen them all. (Copyright. 1930, by The Times)

People’s Voice

Editor Times—l read in The Times a few days ago that the Fraternal Order of Eagles has prepared an old age pension bill for presentation to the 1931 session of the Indiana legislature. Let us hope that the lawmakers of the state will pass this measure speedily. A state which boasts of its splendid schools and roads certainly should be able to afford more just and humane treatment of its poor old men and women than any poorhouse can give them. Time and again I read cl the deplorable conditions in such institutions, and right in this state, too. The 1931 session w.ll, of course, have the usual large number of bills, but I say that none merits speedier passage than the one which will provide decent, normal lives for they’re guilty only of being HENRY DILGER, old and poor.

For Writers Whether it’s a school composition or whether it's a four-act play; whether it’s a paragraph for a newspaper or a fiction story for a magazine: whether it’s a letterapplying for a job cv an address of welcome, everybody constantly is called upon to express himself in writing. You will find in the five bulletins included in our Washington Bureau's latest packet offer a mineof valuable information and helpful suggestions on correct writing. Here are the bulletins: I. Common Errors in English 3. The Letter Writers’ Guide 2. Dictionary of Slang 4. Short Story Writing 5. Writing for Stage and Screen Fill out the coupon below and send for these helpful bulletins: Dept. A-3, Washington Bureou The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington. D. C. I want the packet of five bulletins FOR WRITERS, and inclose herewith 15 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover the return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

.DEC. 6, 1930

SCIENCE -BY DAVID DIETZ—-

Ages of Stars and Earth Are* Cause of Profound Study by Scientists. THE age of civilization, the age of the earth, and the age of the stars are three of the most interesting questions being attacked by modern science. Once upon a time, in the not very distant past, the general opinion was that there was little difference among the three. It was thought that man made his appearance very quickly after the creation of heaven and earth. The age of the whole universe was put at about 6,000 years. Gradually, the opinion grew that mankind had existed for thousands of years before he developed a civilization. Then after the antiquity of mankind was established, it further was demonstrated that the earth was millions of years older than man. And now. within the last thirty years, particularly within the last ten, the conviction has grown stronger and stronger that the stars are far older than the earth, that their age is to be measured in trillions of years. Thus the creation of the cosmos out of chaos has been pushed back from 6.000 years to at least 15,000.000,000,000 yeai's. Professor George Von Hevesy of the University of Freiburg, now a visiting lecturer at Cornell university, says, “If the age of a human being is represented by one second, then the age of the human race is represented by six hours, the age of the earth by one year and the age of the stars by 5,000 years." a a a Child of the Sun ACCORDING to the modern theory first proposed by Moulton and Chamberlin of the University of Chicago, our earth developed from material hurled out of the sun. "Our earth was born from our sun," says Professor Hevesy. “The sun, while in the giant-star* stage, Is supposed to have been broken up by tidal actions induced by a passing star several times more massive than itself. “Originally formed in the gaseous state, the earth passed to the liquid state through loss of heat by radiation from its surface, and later into the solid state. “When did the earth's crust solidify? How many years then elapsed before ‘life’ began to develop? “These questions are of interest for both physical and biological sciences. “Astronomy teaches that the various members of the solar system have originated from the same material. This conclusion is supported by the chemical analysis of meteorites, which not only contain the same elements in approximately the same proportions as in the material of the earth, but also show them in the same isotropic combination." The discovery of isotopes is one of the more recent developments of chemistry. It has been shown that many chemical elements really exist in two or more forms which are alike in every respect except the weight of their atoms.

About Meteorites Regarding the isotopes in meteorites, Professor Hevesy says, “The two nickels of atomic weights 58 and 60 are present in exactly the same ratio in Iron meteorites as in terrestrial nickel. “The silicon of the stone meteorites contains the three isotopes of atomic weights 28. 29 and 39 in exactly the same ratio as does terrestrial silicon. “There can be no doubt that the material of the earth separated from the sun’s mass and the cooling of the gaseous material led to solidification and formation of minerals.” Meteorites are the larger meteers, or “shooting stars," which are not completely consumed by their friction with the atmosphere, and so fall to earth. A “shooting star” is. of course, no star at all, but a small bit of material, often no larger than a grain of sand, moving through the open space of the solar system. When such a bit of material enters the earth’s atmosphere friction heats it white hot and it melts, leaving a trail of fire across the sky. A particularly large one, however, is not consumed completely, and so a piece falls to earth. A study of these meteorites, as they are called, reveal three types. One is chiefly iron, the other chiefly a heavy rock known as peridotite, and the third is a combination of the tw’o just described. Are there two William Boyds appearing in talking pictures? Yes. One has been appearing in “Lady of the Pavements.” He has been on the screen for years. The other William Body, who appeared in “The Storm,” was formerly a stage actor. What railroad in the United States operates the greatest number of miles? The' Southern Pacific, operating 13,851 miles. What is the base pay of a master sergeant and a corporal in the army? Master sergeant, $126 a month and corporal $42 a month.