Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 179, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 December 1930 — Page 8

PAGE 8

i C H / PP - - H OW AM U

\ Dis-Service to History and to Peace Wc have nothing personal against Frank B. Kellogg. Nor do we wish to diminish his satisfaction with having received the Nobel peace prize. But we can not refrain from declaring our belief that the iward is a distinct dis-service to the cause of peace, as well as to clear historical understanding of facts. It, gives a wrong impression of the facts as to the authorship of the whole idea embodied ifi the Kellogg nact. The real father of the outlawry proposal in its modem form was a distinguished Chicago lawyer, Salmon Oliver Levinson, who set forth his plan in the New Republic of March 9, 1918. Briand was the first sponsor of the present pact. He apparently wished it to be an agreement between France and the United States which would jockey us into a position where we never could interfere with French policy in the dictatorship of Europe. The credit for transforming the Briand proposal into a multilateral pact to renounce war must be assigned to Levinson, Senator Borah, John Dewey, Professor James T. Shotwell and Nicholas Murray Butler. That Kellogg was amiable and friendly to the project can not be denied, but that he deserves anything more than formal credit can not be asserted truthfully. If anybody deserves the Nobel prize in connection with the Kellogg pact, it most certainly is Levinson. But the main point Is that as yet the Kellogg pact should not be honored or dignified by the Nobel award. The motives of Levinson, Borah, and Kellogg certainly were most immaculate and praiseworthy. Eut the Kellogg pact as finally signed was no more than the empty shell of what originally had been in their minds. 'The reservations insisted upon by France and Britain have made the Kellogg pact of today a hollow sham and an especially glaring bit of international hypocrisy. The public never sees these reservations, but they nullify the treaty. They except from its renunciation program: (1) Wars of self-defense; (2) wars in defense of areas of special interest such as the Suez canal and India; (3> wars in fulfillment of certain previous treaty obligations. We submit that diplomacy will have to sink far beneath its present level of adroitness before any diplomat will be unable to justify any war waged by his country on one of the three above grounds. They would cover the official case of every state which made war in 1914. So no war ever likely to arise in practice really is ‘‘renounced" by the Kellogg pact. Even worse, as Professor E. M. Borchard of Yale has so clearly explained, the Kellogg pact, by its reservations, implicitly puts the moral sanction of the world behind the wars it excepts from the text of the treaty. Tlius the signatory powers by Implication glorify and dignify all wars which any nation ever is likely to wage. The pact, therefore, turns out to be an international approval of war exactly the opposite of its ostensible purpose. Therefore, to award Kellogg the Nobel prize is only to continue a very dangerous procedure of further “kidding" the people into a false sense of security. The League of Nations is worried about the opium trade of the east. We submit that the psychological opium in the false public notion of the real nature of the Kellogg pact Is far more of a menace to the peace of the. world than all the actual opium ever smoked. Let the real friend of peace expose the hypocritical reservations to the Kellogg pact. Let him who secures their elimination divide a Nobel peace award with Levinson. Then both history and peace will be honored rightly and rewarded deservedly. Worth Looking Into The mystery of Washington at the moment is why the President picked Frank R. McNinch of North Carolina as one of the new federal power commissioners. The senate, which has the job of confirming the appointment, is particularly anxious to know. When senators inquired of North Carolinians they could not find that McNinch was a power expert, or an expert in anything else for that matter, except the state anti-Smith campaign. It is stated that McNinch, as chairman of the Democratic anti-Smith campaign committee of North Carolina in 1928, refused to file a report of campaign expenditures and receipts, such as the Republican and Democratic, chairmen filed. Through a legal technicality he still Is able to keep those campaign account books secret. Were some of those secret funds supplied by the power interests? “During and after the campaign, it frequently was stated, and widely believed, that power Interests in North Carolina furnished McNinch the money to conduct that campaign,” according to Josephus Daniels’ Raleigh News and Observer. “It. was noticeable that those close to the power interests also were close to McNinch. . . . "He possesses no peculiar qualifications for the position (of power commissioner). He never would have been thought of in connection with it but for his activity as manager of the so-called ‘Democratic. antiSmith campaign committee’ in 1928. “Before the senate is ready to act on the confirmation. Mr McNinch should come clean and file under oath the overdue statement of the contributions and expenditures of the political committee of which he was head in 1926." Such charges, when repeated by a person of the high national reputation of Josephus Daniels, can not be ignored. Especially as the country Is sensitive to Hoover's political appointments from North Carolina after the senate rejection for cause of the appointment of Judge Parker to the United States supreme court. We know nothing of McNinch. But we do know that the power commission to which he aspires is one of the most vital posts in the federal government If McNinch is the right sort, he has nothing to fear from senate investigation of his record and connections. an investigation which he should welcome in the public interest. \nother Young Plan Closer American co-operation with the rest of the world was stressed 3S an economic necessity by Owen D. Young in his notable New York address Wednesday. Newton D. Baker made the same appeal last week in an interview with this newspaper. It Is significant that two such outstanding men in the Democratic party should be arriving independently at the same conclusion the same time. Their emphasis on the international aspects of America's economic problem, and on the solution of that problem is all the more striking because of its sharp contrast to the isolationist end higher tariff quackery of the Republican old guard. The immediate task of the nation is to provide emergency relief for the unemployed. But over the

The Indianapolis Times (A BCBIPPB-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) ox aid and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Time* Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis. led. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 8 cents-delivered by carrier 12 cents a week. BOYD GL’BLEY. ROY W HOWARD. FRANK G MORRISON, Editor President Business Manager I HONE Riley Mlftl PR ID AY. DEC. 5. 1930 Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

long haul, American prosperity will depend upon regaining our foreign market, the necessary outlet for that 10 per cent surplus of our mass production upon which profits depend. But we never can revive that lucrative flow of international trade with high tariff wrils, destructive debt policies and political isolation which denies the fact of our interdependence in the family of nations. Because of hard times, this is apt to become a major political issue before 1932, unless the administration sees the light before. For no informed person will dispute the truth of Young’s statement: “Our economics necessarily are international because of our interdependence upon each other. Our politics, on the other hand, is national, increasingly so in every country. “The first is forcing itself through frontiers toward an integrated world; the other is building up manmade barriers around a much larger number of political units than existed before the war. “The forces are violent and imposing. Some better way must be found of accommodating each to the other, or they will destroy each other.’’ John D.’s Dollars The two John D. Rockefellers have given $1,000,000 to the New York emergency employment committee. That gift will provide 200.000 days of work at $5 a day. We are impressed by the Rockefellers’ generosity. The best part of it is that they generally are looked upon by others of wealth as leaders, and that their contribution will stimulate other large gifts. But, while rejoicing with the cities like New York and Chicago whose relief funds are mounting so rapidly, we can not help feeling sorry for the smaller communities of the country which are pretty much out of luck. They haven't any Rockefellers to draw upon. The great fortunes or the country, upon which private philanthropy largely depends, are concentrated for the most part in a few business centers. Those few cities are making headway in coping with the winter unemployment problem. But the one-industry type of smaller cities and the farm towns apparently are not able to take care of their local problems. Indeed, they are finding it almost impossible to supply their regular charitable funds, much less the increased demands of unemployment. Os course the great fortunes concentrated In New York and Chicago really are made throughout the country, just as the Rockefeller money Is made. The Rockefellers and others long have apportioned their philanthropies among national, and even international relief organizations. But there is not now any national emergency committee fund. We are convinced that the immediate problem of winter relief can not be solved without national funds, both private and federal, apportioned to and dis--„ tributed by the local relief organizations needing such aid. Signs of a Pick-Up A good many of the business charts and reports now current do not look very encouraging. However, many of them hold out a good deal of promise for the future. A case in point is the November Retail Trade Bulletin of the Alexander Hamilton institute. This bulletin points out that motor car production this year has been far below last year's. So far, we have produced 2,928,009 cars, as against 4,461,000 in the same period last year, and the total production for 1930 is expected to be 3,500,000, which does not compare well with the 5,368,000 of 1929. However, the bulletin points out tills indicates a vastly increased production for 1931—in which year it is estimated that 5,000,000 cars will be built. That would put the auto industry back in full stride again —which, in turn, would stimulate industry as a whole throughout the United States. f French wine, a news item says, is to be sent to Canada in exchange for Canadian wheat. And to think we had a surplus of the grain this year. Broadcasting celebrated its tenth birthday the other day. And there's no denying our improved radios gave it a fine reception. The two southern gentlemen who spent three months playing a game of checkers by mail, probably carried out instructions to the letter.

REASON

AVERY unusual thing occurred at Muncie last week. Joseph Miller, 71 years old. was sentenced to the state farm for six months and asked the judge to send him to the state prison for one year. a tt a It was because Miller would not. have been permitted to smoke at the state farm, but can hit the pipe at the state' prisoij. It's easy to understand the old man's point of view, for if anybody needs the companionship of tobacco, it's the fellow who is locked up alone every evening. a a it Os course, the authorities at the state farm know their business, but it's hard to see where discipline or reformation can be aided by taking from prisoners the enjoyment of a habit which only can embitter them and make them cherish a grudge against society. a an IT would seem to be a reminder of the old custom of visiting vengeance upon the prisoner, that custom which included in its operations the shaving of heads and the wearing of stripes. These things have been abolished and the authorities will tell you that prison morale has been vastly improved as a result. a a a Surely it is enough to lock a man up, to take him away from his folks, to march him back and forth and to let him observe his fleeting days through the oars With this, the heavy hand of society should be lifted, so long as the prisoner obeys the rules. a a a WE'VE never been able to discover anything about a pipe or a sack of tobacco with which a prisoner could plot to kill any guards or blow up the establishment. In other words, a pipe has not up to date been classed as a deadly weapon. a a a Os course, the prisoner might set his bed on fire, but if he did he would be the only sufferer, for he would be locked in with the flames. The cells are fireproof and the only result, aside from being singed, would be that the prisoner would do time in solitary. ana Unless there's some reason for the denial of tobacco at the state farm. this. coming session of the legislature might well look into the rules of this institution, and if the state of Indiana would survive if the prisoners were permitted to smoke, then they should be told to go to it.

FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy

■SAYS:

: Os All Major Activities, Politics Alone Remains Provincial Today. P° lltics 411111 our economics are in conflict everywhere in the world today,” is the way Owen D. Young accounts for the unhappy situation in which humanity finds itself. No one who has given the matter thought will disagree. The whole drift of science, com- | merce and industry is toward a community of interests. Os all major activities, politics alone rema : ns provincial. In art, culture and business we have found it possible to make common cause with all people. When it comes to politics, however, we accept local prejudice, nai tional traditions or racial peculiarities as the basis of action. a a a Politics Doesn’t Reform WHY the telephone, except to make it easier for all people to communicate with one another? Why the ocean-going steamship, except to promote international trade and travel? Why the automobile, the dynamo, or the newspaper, except to improve conditions, regardless of race, creed or color? Why progress, except to break | down those artificial barriers from ! which mankind has suffered since the dawn of consciousness? But is the Grundy bill in line with the prospect of more electric lights for China, or Mussolini’s balderdash, with a greater exchange for goods throughout Europe? The economic structure of modem life obviously is designed to meet universal needs. Politics, however, continues to function along the same old unscientific, irrational, empirical lines. ana Courses Directly Opposite IN finance and industry, we make some effort to understand why we do things, or whether doing them is wise. In politics, we prefer to be emotional, to consult our passions, to be guided by those sentiments which originate heaven knows where. In economics, we pay little attention to the way our grandfathers “did it,” but in politics we go in for nothing so ardently as to lean against their tombstones and weep over their supposed perfection. In economics, we demand improvement, no matter how it reflects on the ways and methods of 100 years ago, but in politics we depend on nothing so distinctly as the wisecracking of some dead sage. In economics, we trust man’s ability to do something better each succeeding generation, but in politics we trust no one who is alive. In economics, we dare to look forward, but in politics we are timid as children in the dark. a a a Inconsistency Is Glaring THE world of trade and travel furnishes an inspiring picture, notwithstanding all its raw spots. It is good to know we have found a way of bringing tropical fruits to people living amid the snow, of carrying knowledge into the jungle, of exchanging goods and ideas for the greater benefit of all mankind. One can not observe the continuous expansion of commerce and communication without feeling a renewed hope in civilization, without believing that humanity is headed toward better and brighter times. But when it comes to the bickering and back-biting, the back-stair intriguing, the tom-tom beating, flag-waving and bally-hoo which characterize politics, one is not so sure. The mystery of it is how we can be so broad-minded in some respects and remain so narrow in others; how we can spend billions in the hope of obtaining a bigger foreign trade, and spoil it all by passing an unconscionable tariff bill; how we can think so rationally in arranging to supply oil, vacuum cleaners, or tooth paste to fifty-five countries and so foolishly when it comes to maintaining friendly relations. The inconsistency is just as glaring when applied to minor affairs. The same legislature which endows a first-class university passes a law to regulate the length of bed sheets, while Sunday closing ordinances survive side by side with modern traffic systems.

Questions and Answers

Where was the state of Franklin in the United States? How long did it exist? In 1784 North Carolina ceded her western lands to the general government. The settlers established the state of Franklin, adopted a Constitution, petitioned congress for recognitiqn and elected state officers, News of this action caused North Carolina to revoke the act of cession, and to send officers into the region. After two years the government of the new state ceased to exist. When was the photoplay “The Flying Fleet’ produced, and who starred in it? Ramon Novarro starred in “The Flying Fleet,” which was produced by Metro-Goldwyn.-Mayer, and released Jan. 19, 1929. Ralph Graves and Anita Page appeared in support of the star. For what does the abbreviation “A. D.” stand? For the Latin phrase “anno Domini” meaning “in the year of our Lord.” £s Colleen Moore the divorced wife of John McCormack the singer? She is the divorced wife of John McCormick, the motion picture director. Did the Shamrock V and the Enterprise have wooden masts? Shamrock V, had a wooden mast, and the Enterprise, nad a metal one.

Daily Thought

He only is my rock and my salvation; he is my defense.—Psalm 62:2. Confidence impart) a wonderful inspiration to its possessor.—Milton.

Think You Can Get It All In?

Breast-Fed Infants Are Healthier

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia. the Health Magazine. A HEALTHY mother who is eat- . ing a .proper diet has in her milk all food elements for the nutrition of a normal infant for at least the first half year of life. There is little danger of overfeeding or underfeeding, provided the amount of milk is adequate. The milk from the mother’s breast seldom contains any harmful germs. If, therefore, she is reasonably clean and the breast is not infected, the milk will be free from harmful bacteria. Hie amount of energy provided by the mother’s milk usually is sufficient fer such exercise as the infant may take. During years of study and experience, it has been established that infants fed by the mother are larger, healthier, and suffer less from disease in general than do those fed with various

IT SEEMS TO ME

JOSEPH STALIN of Russia has been interviewed at some length by Eugene Lyons of the United Press, and by Walter Durant of The Times, and in the accounts of the conversation he seems neither a god nor a devil, but about the usual sort of politician. Like most public men, there seems a distinct strain of the matinee idol, and i certain passages the reader might be impelled to glance at the headlines once again to assure himself that he had not happened upon still one more newspaper audience with Mussolini. “His voice was still quiet, but there was a vibration of energy in his tone.” “Stalin hurled out the last words without raising his voice, but with a sudden access of impact like a blow.” The tradition of the strong, snent man dies hard, and few arrive at power without falling more or less unconsciously into the modes established by Napoleon. There may be room for debate as to the essential greatness of the Corsican, but he has established for all time the outward and visible manifestations of leadership. Since his day no one has had the audacity to alter in any essential respect the technique of the role which he formulated. And so it must be admitted thta it was a performance. a a a Natural Causes BUT though Stalin remained within somewhat conventional limitations and said nothing startling, he did echo a Marxian concept which should be brought every now and again to the attention of Communists in al lands. I am well aware of the fact that something of great import is stirring in Russia. There may be argument as to whether this experiment ultimately will be for the good or ill of mankind. But in either case it is not a movement to be laughed out of court. Ever since the beginning I steadfastly maintained that the philosophy of Communism deserved a fair hearing in every country. I have no sympathy with the many severe penalties which have been placed upon propagandists here and elsewhere. Neither the belief in this economic theory nor the articulate expression of that belief merits arrest and imprisonment. But I would call to the attention of left wing Americans the statement of the man to whom they profess complete and unquestioning allegiance. He is quoted .bv Mr. Duranty as saying: “Propaganda doesn’t do anything. Constitutions and systems are charged by natural cafises, not by talk or books.” a a a Forgotten Pioneers TO me this is not a statement worthy to be believed. But for books and a great flood of talk there would have been neither a Soviet republic nor a Joseph Stalin. Earlier revolutionist# whose work came to nothing more palpable sowed the seeds of ferment. It is unimaginative for any man at the top to brush aside in heedless fashion the debt which he owes to his spiritual ancestors. Among both commoners and kings

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

foods or with special preparations of cow’s milk. We know much about the substances that are necessary for health and growth, but as yet we certainly dc not know all that there be known. The mother’s milk apparently contains all of the necessary constituents for a proper diet. It is possible to feed an infant artificially and to provide apparently every essential, but with the feeding at the breast there is a certainty. Even if it be taken for granted that modern science of nutrition permits the supplying of every necessary ingredient, there still is the possibility of error in preparing the formula, in permitting bacteria to gain access to the food, in calculating the correct number of calories and in other aspects of different forms of domestic chemistry. Dr. W. McKim Marriott believes that a large proportion of artificially fed babies have in the past been underfed and that there still are

HEYWOOD BY BROUN

there must exist a succession which can not be broken. * Nevertheless, I would hold Stalin and his disciples to the principle which he has stated. From his point of view it is wholly reasonable that he should desire the world-wide proclamation of what Bolshevism has done and what it intends to do. But if his belief in economic determinism is sincere, he should call off the sophomores and sub-fresh-men who mangle and muddle the cause of Communism in America. a a a Young Hero FOR instance, I read just the other day of a young rebel who was being sent to Moscow to complete his education. Tins youth was picked as superb material for development in the home land because of his signal achievement in New York City. And what were these achievements? Well, at one public demonstration he managed to kick a policeman’s horse in the stomach, and.

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—Mayor Sullivan struck the right chord when he said that the Street car system may become obsolete. Asa matter of fact, it is obsolete and has so been named and declared as junk in the pending receivership. We all can figure out, at least these of us who have sojourned for more than thirty years in this city, that the average age of the street ears is twenty-five years, and that is the average life of personal property. The prospective purchaser very likely contemplates to abandon the junk and use busses for transportation only, and why not? Use the present right of way for quick transportation; buy from 100 to 300 busses at maybe SIO,OOO, at the price of from one to three million. We can’t suppose that such prospective purchaser would extend ! lines at the terrific cost, more 1 power houses, repair shops, overhead wires? Then the whole sys- | tem is junk and obsolete. The streets are built and most : all paved. But why pay $12,000,000 for this system, when it could be bought at receivership for any price? The bondholders, any bondholders of anything, purchase at their risk. Why deal through the bondholders to have the deal watersoaked? A reasonable price could be paid for the privilege, the actual price for the Terminal building, which easily could be ■ determined by the income of its offices and stores; also the reasonable price for garages and repair shops. We may say that we can not get along without cumbersome street car service. Let Indianapolis be the most progressive city and advocate bus transportation while the opportunity exists. Meet the emergenoy and prepare for a future purchase at a low figure of the transportation system of the city. A vivid illustration comes to my mind how auto transportation can meet any demand: In the greatest crisis in the World war, when Paris was threatened by the approach of

many artificially fed babies who do not receive the proper amount of food. He recognizes also that ignorant parents can not be depended on to prepare formulas and to keep them free from germs. Feeding at the breast is not always successful, because the total amount of milk may not be sufficient for the needs of the infant, because the milk may not be of good quality, because of illness of the mother, or for similar reasons. In such cases, it is desirable to have the baby nurse at the breast for at least the first few months of life, taking as much of the breast milk as it can, and to supplement the mother’s milk with a proper formula for artificial feeding. The milk of the healthy mother usually agrees with the infant, and it is necessary only to make certain that the milk is sufficient in amount and that the mother nurses the baby regularly at proper times.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

on another occasion he led a group of children to a steamship pier, where they booed and threw eggs at a delegation of Boy Scouts on their way to Europe. If systems are changed only by natural causes, I want to know why the Communists of Russia should encourage their satellites in such infantile behavior. No one doubts that a single word from Stalin could end all immature monkeyshines. If constitutions are not to be changed by talk or books, does the Russian leader actually believe that they may be amended by crawling slogans in red paint upon the walls of churches? I would not deny that Communism has had its martyrs, but it has also had its nuts and minor exhibitionists. I am blessed if I can understand how the coming of any new world can be expedited by kicking a police horse. Not even if the horse is informed that the blow was delivered because of his service to a bourgeois civilization. (Copyright. 1930. by The TlraeS)

the enemy, the military authorities met the emergency by ordering every man, whether able bodied or not, out of Paris to tjie front to bear arms, or do anything useful to help the army. Out of every crevice and cellar and side street came the derelicts and masses, hundreds of thousands, all transported to the front with any kind of conveyance, principally autos and busses, within twenty-four hours—not with street cars, but modern transportation means. The tide was stemmed; the enemy was held. GEORGE O. LEHMAN. Member of committee for service-at-cost transportation, Indianapolis Federation of Community Clubs. Editor Times—l want to protest the monopoly which some families seem to have on jobs. Why should two or three members of one family draw wages or salary when not even | the father in another can find i work? Where is the equality of I which this country boasts? Where iis the Christianity and patriotism, | when an ex-service man’s children ; can go hungry and the wife of a I business man be handed the posi- | tion the ex-service man could have ' filled? In several counties, new ! persons are going to be appointed | to work in the automobile license j departments. Why can’t these jobs be given to men who have families to feed? I say, take the jobs away from the married women and give them to married men. In nine cases out of ten, the married woman isn’t buying groceries with her earnings. She’s buying luxuries. The married man needs the money to buy food and coal. ONE WHO KNOWS THE MEANING OF UNEMPLOYMENT. What is the Styx in mythology? In classical mythology it was the name of the eldest daughter of Oceanus, nympth of the river so called in Arcadia, the goddess by whom the solemn oaths were sworn. It is from the Greek word “stygeo,” meaning, “abhor.”

IDEC. 5. 1930

SCIENCE

•BY DAVID DIETZ-

! Earthquakes Will Be Studied So Engineers May Build Shock Resisting Struct tures. PLANS are being made by the American Engineering Council to seek federal appropriations for an earthquake study under direction of the United States coast and geodetic survey. Pinqjose of the study is to collect data upon the forces and motions Involved in earthquakes so that engineers may build shock-resisting structures. The need for such information is pointed out in a report to the council by John R. Freeman of Providence, R. 1., past president of both the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. “In the United State?,” Freeman says, "Research has been concentrated on deriving important data about the structure and chemical composition of the interior of the earth,‘and about the causes which have led to the present conditions of topography, mountain building, and so on. “Research, on the other hand in the field of engineering data about earthquakes to determine the action of earth shocks on buildings and to ascertain the type of structure most capable of resisting this action in a given place, has been given far less attention than its importance to public welfare deserves.’* a a a Japan Is Busy THE science of building to resist earthquake is only in the formative stage. Freeman says, pointing out the necessity of information for the engineers who are called upon to erect buildings and other structures in regions which have a past history of earthquakes. This problem, he says, is receiving the most attention today from the Earthquake Research institute of the Imperial university of Tokio. The Japanese government recognized the necessity of such study immediately after the terrible disaster of Sept. 1, 1923. > A number of factors is beginning to turn American attention to this field, he adds. “The world-wide systematic collection of earthquake news by several agencies and its prompt publication in the daily papers is making the public earthquake-conscious and is directing more and more scientific attention to these matters,” he says. “The desire for earthquake insurance, and the hesitation of insurance companies about writing it; following the recent earthquakes at Santa Barbara, and the lesser quakes at Calexico-Mexicali and near Los Angeles, also following the noteworthy shakes throughout New England from Quebec in 1925, and the widespread interest in the great submarine quake of November, 1929, southerly from Newfoundland, which ruptured ten out of the twenty-one trans-Atlantic telegraph cables, all are developing demands for more intensive research in the United States relative to data on earthquake stress* and proper designs for resisting it.” a a a Difference Shown AN earthquake at once shows the difference between good and poor engineering construction, Freeman contends. “One important feature of all the great quakes throughout the world has been their remarkable selection of inferior design and poor workmanship for wreckage," he says. ‘‘lt is reassuring to engineers and particularly to underwriters, while aw'aiting more precise data, and searching for more complete theory, to recognize that there have been very few, if any, of the buildings in the United States and Canada, that had been designed carefully and built faithfully, in the light of data long available, which were damaged seriously in the most severe earthquakes of which we have accurata knowledge. "The engineer's problem requires providing far greater strength and rigidity than is required simply to prevent the building from becoming toppled over in a mass of wreckage by the earthquake oscillation. “He must seek means for designing its framework so that its distortion under stress shall be so small that interior plastered walls will not be cracked badly, and that ! partitions of hollow tile will not be crushed, and he must find means for anchoring cornices. “Any exterior veneering of thin slabs of stone set on edge, or brick veneering and other ornamentation, also must be anchored so strongly that they will not become detached and fall on the heads of people below.”

lIP

VAN BUREN’S BIRTH

ON Dec. 5, 1782, Martin Van Buren, eighth president of the United States, was born of Dutch ancestry at Kinderhook, N. Y After he had passed the bar at the age of 21, Van Buren satisfied an early ambition to enter* politics by being elected to the New York senate as a Democrat. His succeeding offices were attorney-general of the state, United States senator and governor of New York. He resigned the governorship to become secretary of state in President Jackson’s cabinet, and resigned this post to accept the post of minister to England. The senate’s refusal to confirm his nomination after he had sailed only served to heighten Van Buren’s popularity. This, in fact, helped win him the vice-presidency in 1832. Four years later he was elected president. Van Buren's term was made notable by a widespeard financial panic resulting partly from certain measures of President' Jackson's administration. The chief measure of Van Buren a administration was the establishment of the independent treasury system for the safekeeping and disbursement of public morteys. What was the score in the opening game of the 1930 baseball season between the Philadelphia Athletics and the New York Yankees? Philadelphia, 6; New York, 2.