Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 178, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 December 1930 — Page 4

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The Budget Message The federal treasury, for the first time in eleven years, will have a deficit at the end of the fiscal year July 1. It will be necessary to abandon the 1 per cent reduction on income taxes applied to 1929 income, payable this calendar year. The budget recommended by the President calls for expenditure next year of $211,000,000 more than during the current year. Federal revenues this year are expected to be more than $400,000,000 less than had been anticipated. These are outstanding facts in the President's budget message to congress. The national purse, like those of individuals, has felt the effects of depression. Tire President explains it this way: “This development (deficit) primarily is due to the depressed condition not only in this country, but in the whole world, accentuated by the drought, and, on the other hand, to the necessary measures of the government to increase employment, and the increases of allowances to various services for veterans." Tt is unfortunate that there must be a tax increase in a time of depression, which inevitably will have a tendency to retard recovery. But it is difficult to see how the President could avoid it. The restoration of the tax will do no more than reimburse the schedules that formerly were in effect. There will be no new levies, at least for the time being, and the President is hopeful that the treasury may be able to extricate itself as business recovery proceeds. He wisely recommends against interference with statutory requirements for retirement of the public debt, which now take some $440,000,000 a year, although the debt retirement will be retarded because current funds and other revenues which have been devoted to it will be diverted. The task of balancing the budget, as the President points out, is made more difficult by the necessity for larger appropriations for public works to increase employment, and to provide for drought relief. It is noteworthy that increases anticipated for the next fiscal year include $100,000,000 for the federal farm board, $110,000,000 for veterans’ relief and $51,000,000 for road building. * Tax refunds at last have begun to decline and next year should be $92,000,000 less. The President is optimistic for the future and foresees a small surplus at the end of the next fiscal year. He believes the deficit can be met by reducing balances as they existed at the beginning of the year, and, if necessary, by temporary borrowings by the treasury. Taxpayers will hope that his optimism is well founded, for the country wants and must have a balanced budget. Further, there is reason for concern at the continually increasing amount of federal expenditures, which have been growing despite all the talk about economy, and now absorb perhaps onetwentieth of our national income. The situation is not alarming, and with good fortune, hopes for next year will be realized. The deficit, as a matter of fact, is not a relatively large share of our total outgo. But it will be necessary for congress to use all possible caution in voting funds where the most good will result. Hard-Boiled Mr. Brown Two curious phrases stand out in the annual report. of Postmaster-General Brown, made to President Hoover this morning. Speaking of his determination to increase postal revenues to wipe out the deficit caused by other than first-class mail, he says: “The only practical solution appears to be an increase in the rate o£ first-class mail, where the government has a monopoly and therefore would run no risk of driving business to competitors." In other words, you people who write letters, it Is unfortunate for you if rates arc raised, but there is nothing you can do about it. The other somewhat startling line reads: “ ... an order issued on April 9, providing that . . . messengers should be required to provide themselves with uniforms at their own expense . . will, it is believed, reduce to a considerable extent the turnover in the personnel. A messenger who has a sum of money invested in a uniform will be more likely to stick to his job than one who does not liave any capital invested." Pigskin or Sheepskin? We hardly would put Jack Dempsey and Benny Leonard In a ring and call it sport. Nor would we match up the Philadelphia Athletics against a bush league team and expect to fill baseball parks. Bobby Jones hardly would feel called upon to face the champion of Podunk. We would not put Gallant Fox up against a plowhorse. But this is exactly what we do in college football and. still continue to get excited about it. Year after year the same teams play games which run around 50-0. if not even more lopsided. Nowhere outside of college football would such disparity of strength be tolerated. The explanation of such one-sided competition is patent to all conversant with methods now prevailing. Teams representing institutions of altogether different intellectual standards, scouting procedure and training methods face each other in the annual tournament of brawn. On the one side we may liave an institution of >lgher learning which employs several highly, paid •ecouts who scour the preparatory schools in search of the best players and offer them strong financial trducements to enter college or university they represent. In some cases they may even recruit exboilermakers, chiropractors and truck drivers. Academic standards may be lamentably low or hardly worthy of the very name. The whole status of the college may depend upon the success of its football team. No successful player would be dropped from the institution except for high crime and misdemeanor. The coach may receive up to $25,000 a year, far more than the president. Opriosing the iootball team of such institutions we frequently find the eleven of a college that employs no scouts, uses a graduate coach paid no more than the best professors, has fine academic standards which it enforces rigorously on athletes and nonathletes alike, and Is more Interested in commencement day than in the annual gladiatorial contest with Its traditional enemy. To pit two such elevens against each other is wholly equivalent to matching Gene Tunney and A1 Singer. Certainly one step toward clean'ng up the admitted mess of college football would be the establishment of well-defined classes or groups, somewhat comparable to those already existing in professional baseball. Let institutions of comparable size and academic a

The Indianapolis Times <A SCKLPI’B-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos, 2T-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis. Ind Price In Marion County. 2 centa a copy: eliewhere. 3 cents delivered by carrier. 12 rente a week. BOTD GURLEI. EOf W. HOWARD. FRANK G MORRISON. Editor President Buslnem Manager ( HONE It I lev WSI THURSDAY. DEC. 4. 1930. Member ct United Press, Ncrippa-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

quality vie with one another. Let the semi-profes-sional sluggers go after each other. Let the institutions with decent academic standards fight it out among themselves. Then we would have fair competition and something approaching real sport. For those who like it, we would provide bigger and better slugging. At the same time an educational institution would not feel humiliated by having its team smothered under the score relied up by eleven tough guys. The presided of a reputable university no longer would be criticised because he can not turn out a football team which will cope with a corps of expugllists, wrestlers and riveters. The faculty would not be pestered ii it wished to drop a dumb half back. But the real solution lies in professional football. Seasonal choices and customs would enable professional teams to use the baseball parks. They could diaft the best college players upon graduation, as they do now in baseball. Then we could swarm with our coonskin coats and flasks into the great metropolitan parks and stadiums and enjoy ourselves without gravely threatening higher education in America. And college football could continue as a fresh, spontaneous type of sport such as college basketball is today. The American college and university can not serve logically as the instrument of commercialized sport, however absorbing and remunerative the latter may be. It has a different function to play in the national life. ! Industrial Hari-Kari President Hoover indicates that he will appoint soon a timber conservation board, similar to the oil conservation board. It Is high time. The lumber industry, like that of the oil men, has been committing hari-kari slowly. Eager for quick profits, the timber men have overcapitalized, overexpanded, overproduced. Even before the slump, the fir men of the norl-iwest had expanded their sawmill capacity to 30 per cent above normal consumption. They slashed with destructive logging methods, inadequately protected their forests from fire, left barren wastes of stumps in place of majestic forests. Out of 822,000,000 acres of virgin forests, only oneeighth remains; and of the 130,000,000 acres left, the timber men are cutting 5,000,000 a year. The toll of forests from fire has been appalling. Attempts at reforesting the 80,000,000 acres of de- j nuded and otherwise available timberlands have been i pitifully inadequate. The anarchy of the oil and timber men not only is destroying their once golden industries, but it hits us all. In both cases it has resulted in waste of limited and fast-diminishing resources upon which our civilization depends. If the government really proposes now to act, it should do so with courage and force. A national forestry and reforestation program must be evolved and then firmly put into effect. If it isn’t done soon, it will be too late. Erratic drivers who have had to listen to a cop's biting invective probably will agree there are plenty of raspberries in the so-called traffic jam. Lucky for the boys from Southern California that the “Fighting Irish” of Nctre Dame are not playing at an Orange festival. What will be regarded as a setup for the paragraphed is that an Ohio woman, 75, named Fullilove, recently married a 25-year-old bus driver. Passengers usually require liquor before going up in an airplane, says a British pilot. It’s a little ball, after all, that makes a kickoff and takeoff akin. That 5-year-old boy In Kansas City who is reported to read anything may be just the one to dope out your railroad timetable. Dorothy still thinks that ping pong is one of those generals mixed up in the Chinese civil war. “Write makes right,” as Sinclair Lewis well might say when he collects that $45,000 Nobel prize.

REASON

WE have no desire to criticise the government at Washington, for it has trouble enough of its own, besides it has made many efforts to help conditions in the country, but it would* seem to a man up a tree that a big opportunity had been overlooked. u a a There are several major construction projects before the government which are to be carried through and it would appear as if the authorities should have started these projects back when lean days broke upon us so that labor might have had work at a time when it needed it most sorely. an u For more than a year we have known that something like the existing hard times was coming and the President and the congress were in Washington, in active eruption, if not in active operation, yet not one genuinely constructive step was taken to start any of the great work before us. a it IN the first place there is Mississippi flood relief Several years ago, when the high waters drowned a lot of people along the mighty river, we heard many assurances that this would be handled speedily by a flcod relief program which would avert such calamities in the future. a a u Well, the army engineers have been at it a long time, and while of course it’s a big job, and while it may take more time to work cut their complete scheme, certainly it is known that certain vast things must be dene, and if these things were done now a multitude of men who are idle would be busy, making money and taking care of their families. an a According to almost all of the suggestions, great reservoirs must be built in a dozen states to hold back the waters which now pile up in the major channel and cause devastation. Construction of these vast reservoirs would give many clubs to throw at the wolf of want. * a u n THEN there is the inland waterway project, which would give to other multitudes the employment they need to live. These great works have stood there, staring the government in the face, yet nothing was done to begin the actual construction to put men on the job. n a a It’s not the business of government, of course, to give men a living, but it’s the business of government, insofar as it can do so, to see to it that every man has a chance to make a living and if it fails in this respect, in a cold and hungry hour, then it is falling down in a matter which is most vital. m ts * So much for the past. Let the government get busy now and start every public work it has in contemplation. _

FREDERICK LANDIS

.THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

! No Humon Being Can Make j a More Complete Fizzle Than a Scientist Turned Prophet. TN 1901, Sir William Crookes, the ! eminent British scientist, prej dieted that the world would face a \ shortage of wheat by 1931, and here I we are, half-scared to death because there Is so much wheat. No human being can make a more complete fizzle than a scientist turned prophet. It is the weakness of his trade to deal with figures, formulae, and slide rules. The one thing he seems wholly incapable of appreciating is the effect his trade has produced on human progress and that there is every reason to suppose it will continue to produce. To begin with, Sir William assumed that all the acreage available for growing wheat had been taken up. Then he assumed that the best possible yield per acre had been reached. Finally, he assumed that wheat would go right on occupying its relative importance as a source of food. He was wrong, as time has proved. Not only has the wheat acreage been increased byf 100,000,000 acres, but easily could be increased by 100,000,000 more. Not only that, but the average yield per acre‘has been raised by nearly two bushels, while the greater consumption of fruits and vegetables has led to a proportionately lower demand. u tt a Millions Go Hungry THOSE who regard overproduction of wheat as a serious threat to farmers, especially in America, are making the same kind of blunder that Crookes did. Like every other problem in economic progress, this one hinges, not on production, but on consumption. With half the human race underfed, it is illogical to support any theory which includes the curtailment of any food supply. ,This depression, whether as measured by the slump of business in America, by the falling off of Argentina’s foreign trade, by the two million unemployed in England, by the arbitrary reduction of wages in Italy, or by 101 other things that might be cited, is due to the simple fact that millions upon millions of human beings are not getting enough to eat or wear. tt a a They Just Produce AS Sir Henry Deterding says, the menace of Soviet Russia does not consist in such products as she may dump on the general market,, but in the fact that she has made it impossible for her people to get what they need and what they naturally would consume. The “five-year plan,” about which we have heard so much, and which many people view with alarm because of the relatively cheap oil, grain, timber, manganese and other commodities it may produce, rests on a minimum of food, clothing and shelter for 150,000,000 Russians. Soviet strategy is based on the idea of converting these 150,000,000 Russians into producers, not consumers. Every atom of surplus is designed, not to increase home comfort, but for export. You can take figures and prove that Russian trade is growing, not only on the export, but on the import end. It is not growing in such way, however, as to increase the buying power of the Russian people. They virtually have been removed from the world market as consumers. tt u tt Nations Go Backward WHAT Bolshevism has done to decrease consumption in Russia, civil war has done to decrease it in China, the anti-British movement has done to decrease it in India, and unrest or revolution has done to decrease it in several other countries. From one cause or another, about half the human race is unable to buy as it normally would, much less to increase its demands in accordance with normal progress. Instead of being twenty years ahead of where they were in 1910, the people of Russia, China, India and several other countries have remained stationary', or gone backward in the matter of providing themselves, not only with modern conveniences, but with age-old essentials. Those nations that have developed a commercial and industrial program based on the idea of general improvement are suffering in consequence. Instead of increased consumption, they find themselves confronted with a falling market. The proposition can be turned around and stated in such way as to prove overproduction, but that is ignoring the basic ill—the ill rei vealed by cold, hunger, disease, and suffering throughout half the world.

Questions and Answers

It is possible for a baseball team to make one double, two singles and three triples a:d steal two bases in a single inning without scoring a run? An explanation of how it can be done follows: First batter triples, and is out trying to stretch it; second batter also triples, and is put out attempting to steal home; third batter doubles, fourth batter gets an infield single on which the runner on second fails to advance; runners on first and second pull a double steal; fifth batter scratches an infield single, filling the bases; sixth batter triples, but runner on third suffers a stroke before reaching home and while the succeeding runners can pass third base, they cannot pass the fallen runner, so no runs are scored. Who founded the Berry schools for mountain boys and Hrls, and what is the address? Martha McChesney Ben j founded the schools. Her address is Mt. Berry, Ga. What is the address of ’.he Amateur Athletic Union of the United Statse? 233 Broadway, New York. What is the value of a United States copper cent dated 1849. It Is catalogued from 1 to 15 cents.

— DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Infants’ Bowel Actions Vary in Number

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hys:eia, the Health . Maeazine. IN the intestines, digestion goes on to modify the food so that it will be absorbed and used by the body for growth and repair. Proteins are broken up into their constituents, the sugars are absorbed rapdly in the form in which they are taken into the body, starch is modified into sugars; and fats are changed by the action of the bile. In the presence of digestive disturbance, the absorption of fat is likely to be greatly diminished. By an examination of the material excreted from the body, the physician is able to determine the extent of digestion and also whether

IT SEEMS TO ME

lADY ASTOR got a little mixed j up in her history at a Thanksgiving day dinner given by Americans in London. In responding to the toast, “The Day We Celebrate,” Viscountess Astor said: “My ancestors were feasting in Virginia before your New England forefathers sailed from old England, but here am I refusing wine while you are drinking it to the memory of your Yankee pilgrims. No wonder they talk of Anglo-Saxon hypocrisy.” And thereupon Nancy Astor added, “Those of you who believe as I do will charge your glasses with water, and those of you who think nobody is looking will charge them with something else, and we’ll ail drink to the American Thanksgiving.” u u tt Lady Astor Is Wrong LADY ASTOR has been looking at too many of those cartoons in which the Anti-Saloon League is pictured as a gentleman in a tall hat with a blunderbus over his shoulder. There is nothing inconsistent in paying tribute to our Puritan forefathers in ardent spirits. The Virginian ancestors of Lady Astor did get a head start, and no doubt they drank with more pleasure and grace than the men folk of New England, but not with more regularity and nothing like the same solemn devotion. For more than a decade we have fallen into the habit of calling dry reformers puritanical, but there is no historical precedent for this name. The original New Englanders had

-'iqoAyrjß'rHef-

CARLYLE'S BIRTH December 4 ON Dec. 4, 1795, Thomas Carlyle, British essayist, historian and philosopher, was born at Ecclefechan, Scotland. Following his graduation from Edinburgh university, he tried teaching and the study of law, but found them both uncongenial',. After making the friendship of Edward Irving, Carlyle decided td follow literature as a profession. With the publishing of his 1 “Life of Schiller,” and the “History of Frederick the Great,” Carlyle soon won fame for writing literary portraits. His chief work, however, was Sartor Resartus (“The Tailor Done Over”), the title of an old Scottish song. This work is a mixture cf the sublime and the grotesque in the author’s opinions and philosophies of the world. Carlyje became lord rector of Edinbrugh university. He declined a pension which Disraeli offered him. After his wife’s death, Carlyle lived quietly in London, devoting himself to reminiscences and articles. His contribution to literature is summarized as fellows: “Carlyle exercised an unrivaled influence on British literature during the mid-nineteenth century and on the contemporary’ moral, religious and political beliefs. “His critical biographical essays were the first to place the riches of modem German thought before the English-aading world.”

This May Be Good!

there has been overfeeding, failure of absorption, or too much bacterial action. >■ The normal infant fed at the breast is likely to have actions of the bowels from two to four times a day. However, some infants apparently have only one action daily, whereas others may have six and still be in excellent health. Obviously, the consistency and nature of the excretion depends on the type of feeding to a large extent. The infant fed on cow’s milk usually has less action than one that is fed at the breast, but the material excreted is likely to be greater in amount and contain more solid material in such a- case. In the presence of. infection or

many faults, but dryness was not among them. Nor was indulgence in rum limited to any single group. I remember reading an account of the liquor consumed by a ministerial convention in Boston early in the eighteenth century. The wine list set forth in the history would have done credit to a class reunion at Yale or Princeton, and this conference of the clergy was but small in numbers. it a a Members of Club SOME Yankee should have challenged Lady Astor, or. better yet, one of her ancestors. If feasible, a contest should have been arranged between someone of the Langliornes and a hard-bitten, hell-fire preaching Mather of Massachusetts. My money would go on the Puritan. The easy-going gentry of Virginia had other diversions, but up in the north liquor was the only avenue left open for the relief of inhibitions. Any efficient Puritan preacher could have drunk a cavalier under the table and topped it off with a two-hour discourse on infant damnation. Indeed, from the published -account of the dinner, it seems to me that the Yankees respected the traditions of their people in a manner far more faithful than that displayed by Viscountess Astor. Thanksgiving belongs by every

People’s Voice

Editor Times—ln your issue of Dec. 1, you published a short communication over the initials J. P. O’M., regarding the Guiness family, in which the writer of that contribution states that the Guiness family is of Ireland, not of England, that they are makers of “Irish” brown stout and that everything good does not come from England. Our friend J. P. O’M. is correct in all three statements, but, while they are Irish and operate a brewery in Dublin, where they brew their celebrated “Dublin Stout," the greater portion of their income comes from Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales); they maintain a residence in London, and, with honor to, themselves, their country, and their king, they are proud to wear a title of nobility conferred upon them (possibly in consideration for material or financial assistance to their favored political party) during the reign of Queen Victoria. The almighty dollar in the shape of pounds sterling means as much to the brewers of “Dublin Stout” as it does to the brewers o' Bass’ ale or any other portion of the “trade.” C. H. D. Editor Times —Teachers of the south side schools especially report that children come to school insufficiently fed. There being mors distress than ever, those organizations that are receiving various sums from the Community Fund should be asked to make a public report showing just how these gifts are being used for charitable purposes. Let all contributions be used for real cases of urgent need. When normalcy returns, then the former program may be resumed. CHARLES H. KRAUSE SR. 674 East drive, Woodruff Place.

excess nervous action, there may be much more activity of the bowels than in the normal case. The expert can tell much from the color of the excretions. The amount of bile may cause a varying from yellow to brown or green, or even black, depending on the nature of the digestion and the type of food, and whether there is bleeding. It depends particularly on the amount of bile and what happens to the bile in the process of digestion. A small amount of mucus is not infrequent. The solid material, in the case of the infant, usually is curds containing soaps and calcium salt, whereas the presence of considerable amounts of undigested starch may cause a slimy consistency.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

lIEYWOOD BY BROUN

right to New England. There it was established, and there it was I celebrated in fitting fashion until (the alien influence of prohibition crept in. it it a The Lone Feast AS the single feast day of the early settlers it was in all probability an occasion on which things were whooped up with a will. A nameless farmer was responsible for this one red letter date in the New England calendar. The assembly was about to establish one more day of prayer and fasting when he arose and said that he thought the Lord might grow weary of too much whining and complaining. After all, so the farmer said, conditions were fundamentally sound. Or words to that effect. * u tt Nancy Astor Heresy LADY ASTOR S heresy, according to the code of Virginia, lay in the ostentatious manner in which she refused the proffered cup. Surely all Langhomes dead and gone must have stirred slightly beneath the sod when they heard about it. Your Virginia planter did not insist upon each guest drinking with him after the manner of a man in a mining camp, but any unfortunate abstainer was supposed to couch his refusal in a low and quiet voice so his transgression should not come to the ears of other guests and impede their merriment, i Nancy Astor could have her glass of water in old Virginia if that was | her curious taste, but surely no host | would have been pleased to have a j visitor flaunt her eccentricity in the j face of the assembled ladies and | gentlemen. | (Copyright. 1930. by The Times)

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_'DEC. 4, 1930

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ—

Astronomers Today Are Seeking to Chart the Universe as a Whole. \ STRONOMY, first concerned with the solar system, then reaching out to the stars of the Milky Way, and next exploring the spiral nebulae beyond the Milky Way finally has turned to the most gigantic problem within the view of man. The problem is no less than the problem of the universe In its entirety. Astronomers are seeking today to chart the uinverse as a whole, to understand its nature, to map its structure, to divine its origin, and to measure its extent. A group of brilliant astronomers both here and abroad has attacked the problem, making use not only of the discoveries of the great modern telescopes, but employing as well the findings of the physical laboratories and the work of the great mathematical physicists. Among the astronomers who have done particularly important work in this field are Dr. Harlow Shapley, director of the Harvard observatory; Dr. Edwin P. Hubble of the Mt. Wilson observatory; Dr. Henry Norris Russell of Princeton university: Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington of Cambridge. England, and Sir James Jeans, president of the Royal Astronomical Society. tt a a Universe Makers George Bernard shaw, in a recent radio broadcast, discussed the subject of “Universe Makers,” classifying the great Albert Einstein as the latest of the line. Much of the work which presentday astronomers are doing in the field of universe study is predicted upon Einstein’s theory of relativity. It is beginning to look, however, as though the universe did not fit exactly the theory of structure which Einstein himself deduces from his theory, but a modification which has been worked out by the Dutch mathematician, De Sitter. It is interesting to see how man's vision has grown with the progress of science. It is a complete answer to the alarmist who sees the decay of creative imagination as a result of the march of scientific knowledge. A few of the early Greeks thought the earth revolved around the sun. but until the time of Copernicus the world in general believed that the earth was at the center of the universe. There was no general appreciation of the size of the imiverse. Some Greeks speculated upon the number of days which it would take for an anvil to fall from the stars to the earth. The idea of the structure of the universe which was held prior to Copernicus was known as the Ptolemaic theory, because it received much of its development at the hands of the astronomer, Ptolemy. n a a Extending Space IN tne Ptolemaic system, the earth was surrounded by a series of concentric shells or spheres of crystal. The moon was located in the first, Mercury in the second, Venus in the third, the sun in the fourth, Mars in the fifth, Jupiter in the sixth, Saturn in the seventh, and the stars, the “fixed stars” as they were called, in the eighth. The Copernican system substituted a solar system in which the planets revolved around the sun. But even so, there was no general appreciation of the distances of the stars. Sir Isaac Newton, formulator of the law of universal gravitation, was the first to appreciate how distant the stars must be. But it was not until 1839 that astronomers succeeded in measuring the distances to the nearest stars. These measurements showed that Alpha Centauri, the nearest star, was 25,009,000,000,000 miles away. Light travels about 6,000,000,000,000 miles a year, and this distance is called a light-year. The nearest star, therefore, Is approximately four and a third lightyears away. Recent studies have indicated that the most distant stars in the Milky Way or galaxy are about 150,000 light-years away. The nearest spiral nebula, however, is 870,000 light-years away, and the most distant one known is 140,000,000 light-years away. According to Einstein, space is finite and curved and therefore it is possible to calculate a radius for the universe. Einstein calculates this radius as about 84,000,000,000 light-years.

Daily Thought

Thou shalt love the Lord thy God . . . and keep His commandments.—Deuteronomy 2:11. The virtue of Christianity is obedience.—J. C. Hare.