Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 176, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 December 1930 — Page 4

PAGE 4

-rr==3 i •HOW A AD

Mother Jones By every standard by which humanity judges its fellow creatures, Mother Jones, who sleeps after her century of service to the downtrodden, must be accorded the place of the greatest woman this nation as yet has given to the world. High purpose, dauntless courage, unselfishness, steadfastness to principle, bravery in the face of danger—these were the characteristics of this most remarkable of women. Jler title of ‘Mother” was no empty phrase. The starved miners of West Virginia and Colorado, the railway workers who fought for justice, the textile workers who asked more bread, knew that no other word described her protective affection for them. Wherever men and women tried to raise the standards of living and of labor, Mother Jones was there, to lead, to advise, to encourage and to battle. She went hungry that babes in strike camps might be fed and clothed. No hardship ever checked her enthusiasm. Every hour of her life was given to the men and women who work for wages. Most of all she fought her battles for the 'children of workers and her conversation ever turned back to the hope that there would come the day when there would be no undernourished, uneducated, badly clothed young, but that their days would be filled with laughter and happiness. Mother Jones had the distinction of having been a military prisoner seven times and never being arrested for as much as violation of a city ordinance. At no time was she ever given a hearing by these military authorities, who jailed her under the pretext of martial law. In the miners’ union, she was more powerful than the elected officials. The rank and file gave her their full trust. She was possessed of an eloquence that not only could sway and inspire, but was so convincing that those who listened were peisuaded. She could, on occasion, use profanity, but from her lips the words became almost a prayer. She spoke the language of those with whom she worked and labored. In different circles, her language was chaste. Her influence upon the trend of events in this country was great. Today it is impossible to measure it. But many of the victories of labor that raised standards of living would have been defeats had it not been for the inspiration, the advice and the activity of this most remarkable woman. To her, the need of human beings was a call for aid, and she gave unstintingly of her strength. In the seventy years of active life she took part in many crusades. She was an abolitionist speaker before the Civil war, but labor demanded most of her attention. She was one of the organizers of the Knights of Labor. She participated in every great strike in the days of labor organizations. What is not known is that she was a very important factor in the overthrow of Diaz of Mexico and the success of Madero. It was her following among the smelter men in that country which turned the tide in Madero’s favor. No other woman, and indeed no man, has such a record of achievement and so unblemished a record of complete and unselfish service to a cause. That took vision, imagination and courage. It is something to be called mother by millions who utter the word with affection and respect. It is more to deserve that tribute. But if any one ever deserved affection and devotion, it was this greatest of all crusaders.

A National Issue The California supreme cqurt has refused to recommend a pardon for Warren K. Billings, unjustly convicted with Tom Mooney fourteen years ago for the Preparedness day bombing. The Supreme Court Would Keep These Innocent Men In Prison for Life—But one justice of that court recommended an unconditional pardon. The Supreme Court Would Keep These Innocent Men In Prison for Life—But the judge who presided at Mooney's trial says the men were unfairly, even criminally, convicted. The Supreme Court Would Keep These Innocer. Men In Prison for Life—But the chief prosecutor r. the Billings trial says the men should be released. Tlie Supreme Court Would Keep These Innocer. Men In Prison for Life —Byt the present district at torney says the men should be pardoned. The Supreme Court Would Keep These Innocen Men In Prison for Life—But nine of the ten livin? Mooney jurors plead for a pardon. The Supreme Court Would Keep These Innocent Men In Prison for Life—But the detective captain who helped convict them says they did not have ?. fair trial and that “the sanctity of the courts" has been violated. The Supreme Court Would These Innocent Men In Prison for Life—But the attorney general has asked twice for anew trial for Mooney. The Supreme Court Would Keep These Innocent Men In Prison for Life—But all five of the chief witnesses against the men either are confessed or proved perjurers. That is the record. It perverts justice. It undermines the public's faith in the courts. What is Governor Young going to do about it? His is the pardon power. He can not escape his responsibility in the Mooney case because of the supreme court's action on Billings. He as all the world knows, the record of perjury and prejudice

The Indianapolis Times iA SCHII'I'H-HOWARD newspaper) nitl and daily (except Soo-lay) !>y The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos. 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis. Ind Price in Marlon County. 2 ccnls a, copy: elsewhere. 3 cents delivered by carrier 12 tents a week. BOV It GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G MORRISON. Editor I*resldrnt Business Manager I IUtNK HI lev ViTil TUESDAY. DEC. ■ 1930. Member of United Press. Scripps-Howard Newspaper ADian-e, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

•which alone has kept Mooney in a cell for fourteen years. On the basis of that proved record, Mooney can be kept in prison only if the Governor evades his ■pardon duty. What is the American Bar Association going to do about it? Has ft no interest in preserving the integrity of the courts, has it no interest in maintaining the ethical standards of its. profession, has it no interest in reclaiming public faith in American justice? If it is interested not only in the welfare of itself, but of the judicial system, the American Bar Association will investigate and act. What is the national commission on law observance and law enforcement going to do about it? One of the specific charges of this Wickersham commission is to investigate the lawlessness of law officials. Such legal lawlessness is recognized officially as one of the major issues before it. And here in the Mooney-Billings injustice is the test case, the world, symbol of legal lawlessness. T..c Wickersham commission can not ignore this case as solely a state matter, for this long since has become a national issue of the inalienable and constitutional right of American citizens to a fair trial. Outside and impartial action is required, just because the whole record of the case is one of local prejudices. What is President Hoover going to do about it? President Wiison intervened. President Wilson sent special investigators, who denounced the conviction. President Wilson asked and received commutation of Mooney’s death sentence. President Hccver should act. Not because he is a Californian, but because he is President, sworn to defend American institutions of justice. The Dam—Hoover, Boulder or Tinker’s? From our scouts we learn that one of the grave issues to blow up a storm on Capitol Hill this winter will be the name of the dam which, God and Arizona willing, is to be built in the echoing gorges of the Bronco Colorado. When at the recent spike-driving ceremonies at Las Vegas, Dr. Wilbur christened it “Hoover dam,” he punctuated his invocation with three lusty whacks of a sledge-hammer, driven, it seemed, with belligerent, almost vindictive, feeling. The reason, perhaps, was that when another famed Hooverite, Senator Reed Smoot, tried last January to rename the dam “Hoover dam” by senate resolution, he was ridiculed by senators and eventually snubbed. “Throughout the (Boulder dam) controversy,” said Senator Pat Harrison, “I dare say that not a senator ever received in his efforts to pass this legislation a word of approval or encouragement from the present President of the United States. It is not often, Mr. President, when one who refuses to attend the birth of a child is permitted to name it.” Others sarcastically suggested it be called Smoot dam. Others, in earnest, suggested Davis dam, for Arthur Powell Davis, the real father of the project. Others insist that far ten years it’s been called Boulder dam, and Boulder dam it stay. For ourselves, who have had a word or two to say about the project, we care not even a tinker's dam who calls it what, so long as it goes up pronto and does its job in the southwest.

Who Won? In a free-for-all in Washington Monday between capital police and 300 demonstrators, the police clubs and tear gas bombs routed the demonstrators. Net results: The demonstrators succeeded in getting their protest on the first pages, which they could not have done without the aid of police violence. Those stories will be read by the millions of unemployed, many of whom will feel an added cause for grievance and discontent. The police were defending a city ordinance against parade placards But in times of national strain like the present, the first duty of the police is to preserve the peace. In handling a peaceable demonstration, the police can not help by using their clubs. They are supposed to use their heads. “Eat More Lamb,” reads the latest slogan. Many will bite for this. - . Paderewski and Harry Lauder, whfl are giving farewell tours every now and then, are said to be leaders in this “bye, bye now” movement.

REASON by F “ CK -

WE hate to see Bobby Jones leave the golf business in which he has brought home so much bacon from foreign lands, but he can clean up $250,000 by going into the pictures and a fellow that’s going to start in the law business must figure on having a base of supplies. tt tt tt Dr. Goldwag of the New York Pedic Society informs the world that women are getting flat feet as a result of riding in automobiles. We don't know anything about this, but we do know it causes them to get a lot of flat ideas as to how the machine should be navigated. a a a Newark, N. J., refused to permit a bull fight to ba held within her boundaries, with Sidney Franklin, the American matador, in the role of bull jabber. As we have noted heretofore, a bull fight is of much higher class than a prize fight, the only objection being that the bull might get hurt. * tt tt BUT after this refusal, Newark probably will proceed to give a permit to the next pair of bulletheaded beasts, desiring to rip and lacerate each other before an admiring -throng of morons, prominent imong them many “society ladies in evening attire.” a tt a It's strange that Great Britain, France and Italy hould object to the publication of Colonel House's record of his conversations with allied leaders in 1917, inasmuch as everybody else who had anything to do with the war has published all he ever knew cr thought he knew. tt tt a WE believe Representative Hamilton Fish is excited when he asks for the federal government to grant power to somebody to curb the Communists in the country, for with employment#fairly abundant, there is no more danger from the red quarter than there is from wood peckers. tt tt a We will add another qualification to this statement and it is tha', government be on the square, that it cease having a back door through which favored men or interests may go in and come out, and that the courts of America be revamped, so that direct action can be obtained. a a a If men have respect for government there’s nothing to fear in this country, but nobody has any for our temple of alleged justice. They know that it is blind andttfUmb and paralyzed, and now and then they suspect that it is crooked.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

It Is Useless to Argue That We Are Not as Bad Off as We Think, Because We Are. THE American people are expecting much from this session of congress. Not only the wish, but the necessity, is father to the thought. The country stands in great need of such assistance as only the federal government can render. Trite as it may sound to say that we face an emergency, it is exactly true. While conditions are not desperate, they represent such an extreme change as to produce a dangerous psychological effect. No nation could pass from such prosperity as the United States enjoyed in 1929 to such hard times as it now is experiencing without feeling very blue. It is useless to argue that we are not as bad off as we think, because we are. What people think has a profound bearing on what they will,, or can, do. a tt Good Example Needed IT is largely within the power of congress to correct the unhappy state of mind in which so many millions of Americans are laboring, not only by providing immediate work for those out of employment, but by letting it be known that the federal government is aware of the problem and willing to do what it can. The right kind of example would be of supreme value. What the public needs more than anything else is a restoration of confidence. President Hoover and Joseph P. Robinson, Democratic leader in the senate, have agreed on a legislative program. That should be the keynote of .future proceedings. The situation calls for all possible accord and the least ‘possible friction. Even if every one were to lay aside his pet schemes and partisan prejudices, there still would be difficulties enough to overcome. It is not the party, but the nation that calls for service.

Jobs Come First NO matter how interested representatives or senators may be in some particular project or policy, it should be laid aside until the government has done what it can to relieve and rectify present conditions. The • problem Is not only one of bread and meat for the jobless, but of putting the nation’s economic structure back on its feet, of rehabilitating industry and agriculture, and, above all else, of letting the people, not only here, but abroad, know that the United States government is neither broke nor dismayed. It has been suggested by a group of business men and social welfare leaders that congress authorize a bond issue of one billion dollars for public works, in addition to such appropriations and relief measures as are likely to be adopted. The suggestion is not fantastic, much less impractical. It represents only a small fraction of what we did to wage w r ar, and though not as great, perhaps, the emergency we now face means quite as much to many people. Asa matter of fact, congress better could afford to authorize a bond issue of two billion dollars than do nothing. a Up to Congress WHEN all is said and done, the situation requires more than measures or money. The public will be influenced, not only by what congress does, but by the way congress does it. If this session runs to politics, the effect will be bad, no matter how many appropriations are authorized. The public has shown its willingness to make sacrifices for the common good. It expects congress to do no less. On every hand, one can find evidence of unusual efforts for cooperative action. City politicians have laid aside their differences, state leaders have wprked together, regardless of party, corporations have reduced their dividends, and voluntary organizations have been formed. The people are expecting congress to get in line, to recognize the situation as it is, to refrain from “playing the game” as usual, and assume the role of leadership.

Questions and Answers

What is a desert? Why are some called hot and some cold deserts? Any expanse of land which produces insufficient vegetation to support a human population is called a desert. They are classified according to the causes which gave rise to them. In “cold deserts" the absence of vegetation is consequent upon the prevailing low temperatures, while in hot deserts, the causes are high temperatures and deficient rainfall. Cold deserts accordingly occur in high latitudes and hot deserts are primarily found along the hot, dry, tropical belts of high atmospheric pressure, and on their equatorial sides, but the zonal arrangement is considerably modified in some regions by the influence of elevated land. How many bushels of wheat does it take to make one barrel of flour? A barrel of flour is estimated as being the equivalent of 4.5 to 4.7 bushels of wheat. . Was Charlemagne French or German? He was a Frank. The Franks were the predecessors of the modern French nation, as well as of the Germanic tribes along the Rhine, who in the fifth century conquered Gaul, and gave their name to France. In the days of Charlemagne there were no nations in Europe in the modern sens?. The rise of nations came at a later period. Are the guitar and ukulele tuned to the piano in the same wa; ? A straight guitar is tuned to piano E-B-G-D-A-E. There are two tunings for a ukulele (1), A-E-F-B t 2), G-C-E-A. For what specific lines of work are the Pulitzer prizes awarded? For letters, the drama, music and newspaper work.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Digestive Process Is Made Clear

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygcia, the Health Magazine. THE process of digestion takes place in the stomach and in the intestines. When cow’s milk is fed to an infant, the gastric juice increases in acidity to take care of the difference in reaction between the cow’s milk and the human milk. To bring cow’s milk to the optimum acidity for digestion, three times as much acid must be added to a given amount as is necessary with ordinary human milk. When one part of cow’s milk is diluted with two parts of water, the diluted milk, in its reaction, is more like human milk. Therefore, to make cow’s milk more digestible for an infant, it may be diluted before feeding. There are, however, other means of accomplishing the same purpose, such as the addition of acid or the use of heat. Fat undergoes little digestion in

IT SEEMS TO ME BY n BROUN D

RECENTLY I mote commenting upon an address of the Rev. Dr. Fulton J. Sheen of Catholic university. who criticised the religion of Professor Einstein. Dr. Sheen feels that I misinterpreted his position, and, since he replies with eloquence and spirit, it is a pleasure to accord him the courtesy of the column. Cn account of the limitations of space it has been necessary to cut his letter a little, but not in such a way as to impair the gist of his arguihent. " tttt a A Theologian DR. SHEEN writes: ‘ln your column you made the following statement: ‘The gravest error in argument was achieved, I think, by the Rev. Dr. Fulton J. Sheen of . the Catholic university. Washington, D. C. In speaking of Einstein's cosr.vlcal philosophy Dr. Sheen asserted, “Men are willing to die for what we call the ‘milk of human kindness,’ but who in this world is willing to lay down his life for the Milky Way?” ’ ‘‘The statement that ‘nobody is willing to lay down his life for the Milky Way’ certainly does not mean what you take it to mean, namely that ‘nobody is willing to die in pursuit of pure science, for the simple reason that the Milky Way is not science any mere than buttermilk or green cheese or a Tojn Thumb golf course is science. ‘‘To equate the Milky Way with science is like equating 100 square miles with patriotism or 1,000,000 gallons of water with Annapolis school spirit. The Milky Way is a thing; science is a thing related to a mind and particularly as regard.? its quantity and its measurements. “A bird can see the Milky Way, but it can never produce science. To criticise me for a failure to appreciate the appeal of sciences because I say no one is willing to lay down his life for the Milky Way, is, Mr. Broun, to borrow your own phrase, ‘to commit the gravest error in argument.’

Not .With Mr. Bryan “r-|->HE second criticism is that I 1. have fallen into the same error as Mr. Bryan or that Mr. Bryan fell into the same error as I did by holding that ‘only devotion to a religious principle’ inspires sacrifice. “Now, Mr. William J. Bryan have made such a statement, but certainly I did not make it, because I do not believe it. I believe that men do sacrifice themselves for other reasons than religious motives. “I believe that many men sacrifice themselves for love of knowledge and, therefore, that you are justly eloquent in lauding your professor who was ‘bitten by a leopard’ for the cause of learning. “I believe, too, that patriotism is sufficient to inspire death in such numbers as to change poppy fields into Haceldamas of blood, but I said, and I repeat, that I do not believe there is any one who is wiling ‘to lay down Sis life for the Milky Way/ because the Milky Way ia a

Ain't It the Truth!

the stomach of the infant, and sugars are not acted on by the gastric juices except slightly. Little absorption of the food takes place in the stomach. The food, after being acted on in the stomach, goes through an opening called the pylorus into the intestines. The pylorus, which is at the lower end of the stomach, opens and closes at intervals, so that only small quantities pass through at one time. The intestines are not, therefore, overwhelmed with food in excess of the ability to digest. The complete emptying of the stomach depends, of course, on the amount of food put into it. In the case of the child fed at the breast, the stomach usually empties itself by the end of two hours. In the case of infants fed with dilutions of cow’s milk modified in various ways, from two and onehalf to three hours or more may be required. If the cow’s milk is treated so that the curds are very small, the mixture will leave the stomach more quickly than in in-

thing beneath man in dignity, and men lay down their lives only for what they believe to be above them in dignity, such as love of the common good, love of knowledge and love of truth. tt tt tt Not for Things •‘wrou are, therefore, stating my Jl position when you say that men do sacrifice themselves to ‘discover anew truth.’ Men never die for things alone, but what they believe about things. “No scientist ever died for a bug; he died for the sake of humanity which that bug was stinging. No man ever laid down his life for the stars, but he will, perhaps, lay down his life for the truth which the stars bring. “Your friend the anthropologist w T ho broke up your poker game did not risk his life just for ‘carved idols, but only for greater knowledge about anthropology. It is, therefore, not matter but the spirit which summons the best in men—the spirit of learning, the spii-it of truth, the spirit of love—and all these are above the individual man in dignity and worth. “I am, therefore, not saying that a religious principle is at w T ork; I am saying only that a material thing like the Milky Way is not enough. “You are right and agree with me in saying that scientists are ‘after something called the truth,’ but “it seems to me’ not quite so right in saying that many a man has devoted his whole life to the chasing of a single planet.’ “If the chasing of a single planet constitutes the glory of a scientist, why not glorify those planets which have been chasing the tails of other planets not for a ‘lifetime’ but for millions and millions of years?

Love and Truth / “TTAVING been interpreted to say 11 two things which I did not say. I was not permitted to say what I did say, and that/is that a cosmical religion is not a religion, though it may be cosmical. “A man, I said, will lay down his life for something that is above him in dignity and worth, such as truth and knowledge, but, smce the cosmos is not above man in dignity or worth, no man ever will sacrifice himself for it alone. “Not even Einstein can make a religion out of it, for if religion means anything it has some relation to love and truth. “But there is no love In a cosmical religion. Man never has, never will, and never can love anything he car not get his arms around, and the cosmos is too big and too bulky. “That is why, I suppose, the Immense God became a Babe, in order that we might encircle Him in our arms. “As there is no love in a cosmical religion, neither is there truth. The mere cosmos of itself is indifferent to religion. Truth-does not mean going out to the crsmos; it means

stances in which the curds are very large. Sugars are likely to leave the stomach before the proteins and fats. If there is an excess of fat in the food, the emptying time from the stomach is likely to be longer. There are, moreover, certain disease conditions affecting the pylorus, the point at which the food passes from the stomach into the intestines. In cases in which spasm or contraction of the pylorus occurs, or in cases in which the pylorus is narrowed greatly because of some form of disease, the time required for food to pass from the stomach into the iqtestines may be lengthened greatly. It is also well to know that the force of gravity may be employed in encouraging the emptying of food from the stomach into the intestines. Thus the food passes more quickly from the stomach into the intestines if one lies on the right side and, in the case of the infant, if it is held erect.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America's most Interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paoer.—The Editor.

the cosmos coming to the mind, “Truth is not the heavens by themselves; it consists in getting the heavens into our head, and when we have done this by knowledge, then we have fulfilled the first condition for getting our head into the heavens.” (Copyright. 1930. by The Times)

People’s Voice

Editor Times—The greatest single class of buyers in' the United States is the farming class. Farmers, in the census of 1930, are classified as: Farmers who live on their farms; farmers who live in towns or villages and rent their lands; tenants living on farms; farm hands; and all the dependent children, parents, brothers or sisters, and any others who may be dependent upon these active ones for their living. These classes number more than forty million in this country. Their buying power depends upon the money the farm produces, and that depends upon the price received for livestock, grain and other feeds. If the price is below the cost of production, these classes will have no buying power except for the barest necessities. But if the price shqws a profit above the cost of production, their buying power will expand proportionately. That makes what we know as prosperity. The secret, then, of restoring prosperity is simple. It does not lie in running factories to produce goods for which there is no demand. Nor does it lie in hiring a few hundred thousand to build roads or dig waterways. What would a few hundred thousand amount to as compared to forty million? The secret, then, is to restore the buying power of the farm classes, forty millions of people. How? Let congress repass the farm bills vetoed by the last three Presidents and give them a fair trial.

When one man, wearing no more than a 7*4 hat, vetoes a bill passed by 600 legislators without giving the law a tryout, it is, to say the least, rather presumptuous. When Grundy asked for a tariff law, higher than ever had been known, it was signed by the President without raising a question as to its disastrous effect. It already has driven 1,500 factories to Canada, and threatens to impede our exports by retaliatory tariffs. Why not give the forty million in the farming class the benefit of the doubt, as they did for Grundy, and probably the dire prophesies of our 7% Presidents might turn out to be as unfounded as other dire prophecies turned out to be, when other good laws were passed. If they do not produce the results hoped for, then try something else. But the secret of restoring prosperity is to restore the buying power of the forty million in the fanning class. EDWIN F. MeCABE. Williamsport, Ind.

:DEC. 2, 1930

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

Einstein's View That Space Is Curved Gives Rise to Many New Theories. THE ghosts of stars as well as stars themselves may be shining down upon us from the heavens. This is the startling conclusion to be drawn from recent work upon the nature and structure of the universe growing out of the application of Einstein's theory of relativity to the problems of the universe. Scientists now have to ask themselves anew question, a question which never occurred to them before. It is: How many of the stars are real? The situation is not quite as disturbing as it might seem from the question just propounded. For there are no doubts about the nearer stars. There are no doubts about the stars which can be seen with the unaided eye and there are no doubts about the great majority of stars to be seen with quite powerful telescopes. The doubt applies chiefly to the very distant colections of stars, the so-called spiral nebulae which lie at immense distances from the Milky Way. It is quite possible, however, that some of the fainter clusters of stars now believed to be part of the Milky Way eventually may come under suspicion. a a o Space Is Curved THE new point of view grows out of Einstein’s postulate that space is curved. The average layman will have difficulty grasping this notion, but in the last analysis it is no more confusing than older notions. Mankind, since the days of the early Greeks, has speculated upon a problem to which there is no satisfactory answer. Is space infinite or finite? If it is finite, what lies beyond the end of space? Obviously, the notion of finite space is not very satisfactory. And on the other hand, if you will reflect for a few minutes upon the implications and meaning of infinite space, it begins to send cold shivers up and down your spine. The human mind does not seem quite able to cope with the idea of infinity. Now Einstein says that space is unbounded but finite. The result is that just as on the surface of the earth you can travel forever even though there is a limited amount of surface, so in space you may travel endlessly but only in a limited amount of space. If you travel in one direction on the earth's surface, you get back to where you started. This is due to the curvature of the earth’s surface. Similarly, cays Einstein, space is curved, so that if you travel far enough in one direction in space, you finally get back to your starting point. This, according to Einstein, is the result of the curvature of space.

Images in Space THIS notion of the curvature of space leads to the following conclusions A ray of light leaving the sun and traveling without interruption ought to make the circuit of the universe and return to the sun. Now rays of light leave the sun in all directions. Therefore, these rays ought to intersect on the opposite side of space, half-way around the universe. A globe of the earth such as is used in geography classes will help you visualize this. On the globe are a great many circles radiating out from the north pole. All of these circles intersect at the south pole. Now where the rays from the sun come together half-way around the universe, they ought to form another image, an imaginary sun, or, if you please, a ghost of the sun. And if we had a powerful enough telescope, it ought to be possible to point it at the midnight sky and see that ghost in the far reaches cf space. Stars and nebulae ought to have similar images or “ghosts” out in space. And, recently, astronomers have suggested having sighted two such ghosts. Two very faint nebulae visible in powerful telescopes are known by ! catalog numbers as H 3433 and MB3. y Jeans and others suggest that ! these really are the images of the ! two spiral nebulae which are nearI est to us in space, namely M 33 and ! M3l.

i b'W' 5ytyj I's

MONTGOMERY’S BIRTH December 2 ON Dec. 2, 1736, Richard Montgomery, a soldier who fought with great distinction in both the British and American armies, was born near Feltrim, Ireland. Following his graduation from Trinity college in Dublin, Montgomery joined the British army as an ensign and came to America to fight in the French and Indian war. He displayed such courage and sagacity at the siege of Louisburg that he was promoted to captain. After the conquest of Canada he returned to England, where he remained for seven years, when, selling his commission, he emigrated to New York. In 1775 he represented Duche 3 county in the first provincial convention, and in the same year was appointed by congress brigadiergeneral in the Continental army. In the expedition against Canada he captured successively Chambly, St. Johns and Montreal. Soon after his promotion to major-gen-eral he was killed in an attempt to stonfi Quebec. The bullet that killed him, curiously, was the only one,fired. -His troops retreated on his death. A monument in his honor was erected by the order of congress in front of St. Paul’s church in New York.

Daily Thought

The truth shall make you free. —St. John 8:32. Nothing is really beautiful but truth, and truth alone is lovely.— Boileau. j