Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 161, Indianapolis, Marion County, 14 November 1930 — Page 8

PAGE 8

srl PP3 - H OW AjtD

Is Hoover Through? They say Hoover is through. He will go the way of Taft. The election landslide proves that. Two more years and out. The people have turned thumbs down on him. So have the politicians. He is unlucky. He happened to be at the wheel when the prosperity road slid out from under, and the car plunged down with it. He got the blame. They arc hunting another driver now. That is what they say. Maybe so. But maybe not. We arc not so sure. A lot can happen In two years. Hoover has been down before, and not out. The reactionaries said he could never get the presidential nomination in 1928. He fooled them The liberals said he never would go conservative if he got into the White House. He looled them. Now that conservatives and liberals agree that the voters are deserting him and his policies, he may fool them both. For the only thing certain about Hoover thus far is that you can not be certain what he is going to do. Maybe Hoover will get mad some day and kick out the hack politicians and yes-men who have led him in two short years from the heights of a record popular vote to the depths of his recent election defeat. Perhaps Hoover will begin being boss for a change. After all, it is not so many years ago he showed the world in Belgium, not so long since he picked the commerce department from the bottom cabinet shelf and placed it at the top of government efficiency. Time was when the Fesses, Grundies and Mellons, the power interests and the Anti-Saloon League, did not run him. That time may come again. For he can not help but reflect now that they have run him into a hole. * * * His enemies say the trouble with him is that he has been trying so hard to fix things for a second term that he could not be a real President. That is an over-simplification. Motives never are so clear, even in a villain—and Hoover is an honest man. We don’t know whether he wants a second term. But what of it? Strangely enough, all Presidents do. Probably he does. If he does, he is headed hi the wrong direction. He can tell that by looking back at the Nov. 4 sign post which he just passed going down. Whether he got himself tied to the G. O. P. bosses beca'ise he wanted a second term, as his enemies say, or because he thought that was the best way to get action on his policies, as his friends say, or for both reasons, or for neither reason, is less important than the present fact—that this alliance has been disastrous for him, for his policies, for his party, and for his country. Hoover is not the first idealist w'ho tried to use the political bosses and got used by them. That happened to Jefferson, to Lincoln, to Wilson, more than once. It happens to most. The test of a man’s intelligence is whether he learns by experience. That is true not onjy of hod carriers and bankers, but also of Presidents. # t * * If Hoover has the capacity to profit by bitter experience, he can build two years of splendid achievement on top of his past mistakes as President. All he has to do is stop compromising and begin to fight. The country is no less in need of a fighting leader today than two years ago. when it overwhelmingly elected him as that very leader. The country is crying for leadership now. Hoover’s friends say the fickle voters have turned against him and w r on’t give him a chance. Absurd! No one need give him a chance, no one can give him a chance. He has the chance already and no one can take it away from him now—that is what the presidency of the United States is. He is in the most powerful position In all the world. He can do what not even kings and emperors can do. A President can govern, if he will. Hoover has the power. He has the mind. He !*> the good Intentions. But it also takes courage. He has not shown courage in the White House yet. If he had, he would not be on the defensive as he is today. • * * To come down to cases. The country is swinging rapidly away from prohibition, not because of wet propaganda, but because the American people are a practical people and prohibition has not worked. Some years ago the majority of Americans thought prohibition would work, at least that It w T as worth trying. They experimented. The experiment has failed. Now it happens that Hoover’s position was precisely that of the majority of Americans. He was not an extreme dry. He supported it, as he himself said, as an "experiment,” and hoped for the best. His hands are not tied now. Why he abdicated his own scientific position, and let the Anti-Saloon League dictate the administration policy, we do not know. But we do knt that there is nothing in his public pledges to the voters who elected him to prerent his dcmanli:i t .tpeal of prohibition on the ground that his own enforcement efforts have proved its failure. He is free to lead business out of the expensive folly of the higher tariff which the Republican bosses and interests hung on an already weakened country. It was Hoover who first said in the campaign thait there must be no general tariff increase. If he was not able to hold back his high tariff political allies in the last congress, he can take courage now from the voters’ protest. He can demand tariff revision downward —and win this time. So with unemploymer/ relief and other social legislation, so with peace policies, so with most of the original Hoover reform program which has been blocked by his unnatural alliance with the reactionary bosses. Now he can make good his old pledges. The election has given congress a progressive mandate. * * • But he can not win by working with the old guard that has betrayed him, nor with some of his cabinet misfits, nor by leaning on lame ducks. He will have to be President in his own right. He wiil have to fight for the liberal principles he professes. He will have to reorganize his administration and his party. That takes leadership. That takes courage. The voters will judge the results. Unless all signs fall, they are going to put a liberal in the White House in 1932. Whether that will be Hoover or someone else depends chiefly on Hoover. Goat Glands The "gullible and the credulous” gave John R. Brinkley, goat gland doctor, 180,000 votes for Governor of Kansas, says William Allen White of Emporia. They had to write in his name on the ballots, lor he ran as an independent. It was the “submerged quarter of the electorate,” t White, that supported the grotesque Btfhkley e same crowd that sustains {Tammany a£4 the

The Indianapolis Times (A bCKII'FS-HOWAHD Ji K WbPAREK > (Jwntd and published daily (eacept Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing,Co.. £l4-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents — delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOS D ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G MORRISON, Editor President Business Manager rHONE-Klley .1561 FRIDAY. NOV. 14, 1930. Member of i cited Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Vare outfit, and elects men like Big Bill Thompson in Chicago. "Wherever it can be segregated by a demagog, it becomes a menace to civilization,” says White. The sage of Emporia probably knows what he is talking about. He made himself famous in 1896 by writing an editorial, “What’s the Matter with Kansas?” and he ought to know’ what’s the matter with the state now. But what White doesn't attempt to explain is why the “submerged” fourth of the electorate found so little to attract their in the two major parties. Certainly the Brinkley v ote is a rebuke to both of them, and an indication of a deep undercurrent of dissatisfaction which could not find expression in any other way. The Small Claims Court Justice for the poor is one of the outstanding American problems. Judicial machinery is expensive to set in motion. ’Small cases often cause as much costly red tape as important issues. Lawyers have to appear to represent their clients even though only email sums are involved. Avery sensible and effective effort to correct this evil is the establishment of a small claims court. This institution long has existed in Anglo-Saxon law. It was recognized in England in Blackstone’s time. Eight American states, including California, Ohio and Massachusetts, have adopted the principle of the small claims court. It was recommended warmly for general adoption by Reginald Herber Smith, in his famous work on “Justice and the Poor.’’ While differing in some minor details, the principle of the small claims court is based upon elimination of lawyers from the case, the notification of the parties involved by mail, and direct adjudication of the case by the magistrate or justice handling it. The statements of both parties must bfe embodied in affidavits. In this way lawyers’ fees and formalities are disposed of effectively. Not only does this help the litigants; the lawyers also benefit, for the fees which they can charge in such cases usually arc worth less than their time. Texas now is proposing to introduce the system. The Texas Bar Association approved such a bill. Money-Making Ideas We read that since May 1, 1930, whole Pullman sections, instead of single berths, have been taken by 147,593 people. That means more than one and a half times that many dollars for the Pullman company. Here was a big increase in revenue made possible without the necessity of investing a dollar in new equipment. Someone person’s bright idea, that vertical space with its consequent ventilation and standing room could be sold, has made all that extra money. We wonder whose it was. Some years ago it was discovered that while the lowly cabbage might be despised as a vegetable course, kraut juice could be sold as a fashionable health cocktail. That, too, was someone person's bright idea, making an existing industry more profitable. Whose? A great many people have profited from these two fertile ideas. We w’onder how much of that profit went to the two persons who conceived them. The Continuous Radio The advantage of the radio, it was pointed out soon after its introduction, is that you can shut it off. But, we have discovered, this does not apply to the neighbor’s radio, nor to the radio in the hotel lobby, the corner drug store, or the barber shop, which often blare forth jazz records, educational talks, advertising pleas, and crooning tunes from morning till night. Here’s something for the anti-noise crusaders. ’1 confess,” said the prince of Wales, “that to make a speech worries me as much as trying to play good golf.” But it makes a difference whether you get the birdie at one or the other. “Take a tip from me,” as the emperor of Abyssinia probably said, w’hen he gave away dimes at his coronation. The jobless of New York who are selling apples for sustenance apparently are demonstrating that at times applejack may be something other than a drink. Two wrestlers, former football players, knocked each other unconscious by meeting head-on in a recent match. As though s'ou could keep football players away from skull practice.

REASON

IN the next congress the strength will be so evenly divided that the main business will be to keep all members in attendance on important occasions and this is a real job, for the usual attendance is far below the total. 000 On important matters the roll call hi both houses will be as close as it was in the case of Andrew Johnson’s impeachment, when one lone senator saved the President and saved the country from a mistake which it would have regretted always. 000 This situation makes the senate insurgents allpowerful and vindicates the far sightedness of those Republicans who insisted that the party refrain from punishing them for their irregularity, as was suggested. It may be taken for granted that Senator Moses will not for some time again refer to them as the sons of the wild jackass. 000 THE insurgency of these Republicans may be made up for in a degree by the absence of partisanship in such senators as James Hamilton Lewis and Bulkley, both of whom come from Republican states and hope to stay in Washington by manifesting some degree of independence from the party mandate. 000 The fellows who will be busy will be the whips of the house and senate, for they are the ones who are expected to have all of their mates on hand when their votes are needed. To be a good whip one should be able to go without sleep and follow fifty different fellows at one and the same time. 000 THE time is rolling around to help the Red Cross in its great campaign to reduce the unnecessary death rate in maternity cases. Fifteen thousand women die in childbirth in this country every year and 10,000 of them die unnecessarily. 000 This situation should appeal to everybody and we should give all we can so the Red Cross may send more nurses into the homes of those who have not the means to protect themselves. The only other way out is birth control and this will not be a recognized proposition in America for some time to come. 000 The fact remains that if poor Americans did not have children, our increase in population would come from aliens, naturalized and unnaMralizcd. for rich American go in lor cats and dogs a*d parrots, rather than kids. .. .

FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy

-SAYS:-

We Americans Are Assuming That Systems Can Be Invented to Do Away With Personal Responsibility. HOT or cold, fair or foul, prosperous or depressed, the day never ends in this age of highpower press and quick communication without bringing forth several stories, any one of which could be developed into a column, if not a volume. Out of the billion or more human beings with whom we have come to dwell in more or less intimate times, some always can be depended on to be silly enough, bold enough, or queer enough to make good reading. The difficulty is to separate chaff from wheat. It requires little less than a super-editor to square headlines with copy. Too many times unimportant incidents get far more publicity than they deserve, while those of real consequence go practically unnoticed. “Straws show which way the wind blows,” we say. but with scant appreciation of how distinctly it applies to the news. a a a Day Full of News TAKE Thursday, for instance, with its account of the stormy debate in the disarmament commission at Geneva; of the stabbing epidemic in Bogota, which sent forty-fiVe to the hospital in one night; of the landslide at Lyons, which entombed fifty; of Senator Glass’ cynical comment on the desirability of co-operation between the two great parties, as proposed by seven leading Democrats; of Ludendorff’s silly predictions regarding a European war in 1932, and of the first case on record in which a high school student was taken to court for cheating at an examination. z Contrary to every rule of the i game, I pick the last named episode | as the most significant, not only i because of its human interest ele- j ment, but because it illustrates a ! tendency which is playing havoc j with our scheme of life in America i and which is responsible for many j of the troubles we attribute to I nobler vices. To hale a high school kid before a bar of justice because he got j another chap to pass his examination and to charge him with “con- j spiring to break the state educational laws” may be an intellectual | way of meeting the problem, but our grandfathers met it with nothing i more complicated than a hickory I stick. In the same way, our grandfathers met a lot of problems which we are tryihg to solve with intricate legal formulae, merely by applying a reasonable amount of common sense. a a a On Wrong Path WE have adopted a constitutional amendment, for no reason in the world except that a few could not drink without getting drunk and have instituted an elaborate system of juvenile penology to attain results which once were attained with good advice on the part of parents, backed up with nothing more mysterious than a slipper or a hairbrush. The whole setup goes back to precisely the same state of mind which produces this high school kid in court to be treated a? a criminal, if not a traitor, with his mother weeping lest dad find out what has happened, and three teachers very much embarrassed over the affidavits they are obliged to make. If we continue to tread this highbrow path, it is not illogical to suppose that the time may come when a grand jury will be called, in if a boy throws a spitball, while a case of speaking out of turn may go to the supreme court for adjudication as to constitutional rights. It’s an intriguing prospect when you come to consider it in all its details and possibilities. Those who think we struck bottom with the eighteenth amendment would do well to observe what kind of laws are being proposed and what kind of offenses are being made subject to judicial procedure. a a a Everything by System PRIMARILY, we Americans are moving merrily forward on the assumption that systems can be invented to do away with personal responsibility, just as systems have been invented to do away with individual crafts and trades. We are playing with the idea of running society along lines somewhat similar to the United States Steel Corporation,- just as though moral development required nothing but mechanical efficiency, and just as though this thing we call co-op-eration were not limited by insurmountable barriers. There is no such thing as mass production at the birth or death of a human being. Those are two occasions when we have to go it alone, and there are lots of occasions in between, if we only realized it. Parents have a responsibility which the state never can assume. So have school teachers, and a lot of other people. A constantly increasing number of people, however, are permitting themselves to be sold on the idea that the state can assume everything. They are being sold on it because it allows them to believe that through taxation or authority j they can escape most, if not all, the j ills to which flesh is heir. | The philosophy is just Commun- | ism in another form. If carried to ; its ultimate conclusion it would ' land us right where Russia is today.

Questions and Answers

What is the meaning of the names Arabelle and Inez? Arabelle is from the Greek and French and means virtuous beauty. Inez is Spanish and means star of the sea. What is the population of North Carolina according to the 1930 census? The preliminary count is 3,170,287. What is Galileo's law of falling bodies? . “All bodies, even the lightest, “would fall at the same rate were it not for the resistance of air.’’ Who did Joan Crawford marry in ‘.he picture “Montana Moon?’ John Mack Brown. Who is the chief of the United States secret service? W. H. Moran.

—*7' a ... " COMMITTEE!

Gray Skin Unusiial in Normal Child

This i? the second of a series of four articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein on nutrition of the child. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. THE color of the skin of a newborn baby is, of course, indicative of the state of health and of the nature of the diet given to the child. A gray color of the skin should not be present in a normal child. If, however, the volume of the blood is decreased greatly, and if the child receives an insufficient amount of ultra-violet, the skin is likely to have a gray appearance. The skin of a normal child is resilient and apparently full of blood. In the absence of a proper diet, the skin promptly becomes loose, flabby and inelastic. In case the child is receiving an insufficient amount of iron or of the necessary vitamins, the skin becomes exceedingly pale. The normal baby also, has a goo<L amount of fat under the skin. If one picks up a fold of the skin on the abdomen, it will be found that the fold will be at least onehalf inch thick, which is due to the fat under the skin. If, on the other hand, the child is

IT SEEMS TO ME

FROM time to time American commentators have grown either scornful or indignant about visiting British lecturers. I never have joined in the chorus of denunciation, because I used to be a lecturer myself. It’s a hard racket, and I would grudge to no one the fair rewards of his arduous toil. Well, almost no one. At the moment the custom of listening attentively to any talker who happens to j come from abroad is being made more than a shade ridiculous. I have in mind tne tour of America by young Randolph, the 19-year-old son of Winston Churchill. It has not been my privilege to see or hear the boy in person, but the little fellow is a likely looking lad, judging from a brief shot of him which appeared in a newsreel. But What is my amazement to learn that the callow youth actually is making addresses before grownup audiences and talking, in fact, about Britain’s imperial destiny, the problem of India and the need of bristling armament on the part of English-speaking nations. bub Biave as Lion HE seems to be on his own. In fact, he described himself as j “an ambassador, youthful and in truth self-designated.” Unfortunately, it appears as if the little nipper has strayed beyond the garden gate alone, and there is no one about to say in firm, but soothing tones, “Bedtime now. Master Randolph; you musn’t pester the ladies and gentlemen any longer.” Churchill minor, declared, among other things, that he was shocked to find in America many people of pacifistic tendencies who believe “in the sob stuff about International relations, that America should join thq league and that sort of thing.” He further suggested that AngloAmerican co-operation needed “at the head of each of our countries' two great, outstanding men who were agreed that they were going to rule the world, maintain peace | and use their power if necessary.” And the prodigy’s first political recommendation for securing this peace was that England and the United States should send a joint military and naval expedition to China. But an almost cosmic irony the organization which the British schoolboy addressed at Town Hall is called the League of Political Education. B B B Soldier Suit IN the newspaper accounts there is no mention of anything but the most respectful attention for the words of the precocious fireeater who rattled a toy tin saber in full view of the audience. It would have been fitting if some subsequent gently had called to $e attention of the listeners a few chronological facts.

The Spirit of 1930

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

undernourished, this fat disappears rapidly. If, under these circumstances, a fold of the skin is picked up. it will be found to be no thicker than a piece of blotting paper. Thus the physician who is examining the child to find out the state of its health makes this test to find out if the child is nourished properly. Mothers of new babies are likely to be particularly worried about the shape and size and other factors about the head. The head grows more rapidly dur* ing the first year than at any ether time. This is because of the development of the brain, which it houses within the skull. The head will continue to grow not infrequently regardless of whether the nutrition is good or bad, so that in an undernourished child the head appears much out of proportion in relationship to the rest of the body. A normal child at birth has a head circumference of about thirteen to fourteen inches. By six months, a tape measure placed around the. head will reveal a circumference of seventeen inches, and by the age of 1 year eighteen inches. By the age of 2 years, the circum-

For instance, it would have been no bad thing to remind the political education group and also the swaggering stripling that when the great war broke out Randolph S. Churchill was precisely 3 years old. And that when it ended he had reached the complete and mellowed wisdom of 8. In the days of the mud and blood in Flanders Ranny sat in a sandpile and bashed lead soldiers one against another. a a a Voice Changes 1 WOULD not deny the right of opinion to any one. Thoughts of an interesting kind may come in adolescence. Yet it gives me a horrid turn when I see a youngster set up in public to unsheath the sword long before there is any particular point in his having recourse to a razor.

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—l have been reading “Tarzan,” which has been appearing in pictorial form in your paper for some time. I have quit using hair tonic, as his adventures are so “hair-raising.” As the Scotch say, very wisely, “A penny saved is ! a penny earned,” and I save sev- i enty-nine of them every time I miss j a bottle of hair tonic. But, tell me, how does Tarzan i live way out in the jungles, far; away from the barber shops and places where razors are sold, and yet the lad never needs a shave? Maybe it’s the close shaves he has with lions and the natives that keep his face clean. You are doing a great work with these classics, by Edgar Rice Burroughs, in pictorial form, as it costs too much to buy the cloth bound books to suit the average purse! these days. No one misses the price of a paper daily and a dollar and a half j is too much for a book. A dollar and a half will buy several meals or drinks. Or pay the first installment on an overcoat! There is one kick, though, if you j would say It plain, and that’s the ! hero is an Englishman. Why not print some stories dealing with Americans when this Tarzan story j is finished? A good companion story dealing with Americans and life in Chicago would be “The Jungle,” by Upton Sinclair, which can be produced easily. The eyes of the U. S. A. are on Chicago at the present time, and “The Jungle” is a dandy story about that city. Yours for home-grown heroes. OLD SUBSCRIBER. Editor Times—The following let- ' ter has been sent to Governor Les- | lie: Judging from your kindly attij tude toward the rai rfc and file of I citizens in the recent Campaign, and your seemingly fraternal desire to

ference of the head is 18 3 i inches. These measurements indicate the rate of growth of the head. A child born before its time has a head that is smaller than a child bom at the usual time, but a child bom previous to the full term has a head which is even more out of proportion to the rest of his body in size. If the prenatal child is reared under good conditions, the circumference of its head by the age of 1 year is approximately normal. Tile factor likely to disturb the mother more than others is the closing of the soft spot at the front and at the back of the head. Obviously, this soft spot is necessary to permit the head to be taken care of during the process of birth. The opening in the back of the head usually is closed before the end of the second month. The one in the front of the head may increase slightly in size during the first six months, but it slowly becomes smaller as the bones surrounding the opening become harder. The opening in the front of the head closes between the ages of 15 and 20 months. This varies, however, a great deal among infants under various conditions.

Ideals and opinions expressed In this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to ihelr agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

DV HEYWOOD BROUN

When the last man who endured the agony is dead it will be time enough to listen with polite attention to the war views of one who heard of Hindenburg only on such occasions as his nurse told him that the German general would get him if he failed to finish up his spinach. It is monstrous that a sub-fresh-man should prate so glibly of sending his countrymen and ours across the rim of the world to bear guns and brings peace to the Orient. . I And bring it how? The expedi--1 tion to China which Churchill, | minor, mentioned was designed, j according to his words to “stop the I Chinese from killing one another and to open China to trade.” In other words, the English and the Americans were to end the slaughter by killing Chinese by the more improved methods which have been devised in civilized countries. (Copyright. 1930. by The Times)

be of use to every taxpayer, I wish to call your attention to a difference between telephone and telegraph rates that your commission perhaps would be interested in investigating. I find that a station to station call between Indianapolis and Vincenens at 7 p. m. costs some 40 cents. That is, if I talk to any one in the house, but if I wish to talk to the subscriber of the phone, a ! call costs me sl.lO. I also find that a fifty-word night letter over Western Union, messenger service included, costs only 30 cents. It is apparent that something is wrong. Either the telephone company is charging too much, or the telegraph company is not charging enough, standing a chance of losing money. I also find that the rate for electric current at my home at 2106 South Emerson avenue, which is about five miles from the power plant of the Indianapolis Power and Light Company, costs just twice as' much as current does at Broad Ripple, the same distance north of the power plant, or at Emerson and Michigan streets, the same distance east of the power plant, and we might draw the same conclusion in this place, that the company is perhaps losing money in the current that they are supplying at the two places mentioned; therefore we suggest, now that the campaign is over and the regular routine and order is in the statehouse, that these matters be considered. GILBERT S. WILHELM. President Property Owners Protective Association of Indiana.

Daily Thought

In much wisdom is much grief. —Ecclesiastes 1:18. It is not wise to be wiser jthan is necessary,—Quinault.

.NOV. 14, 1930

SCIENCE

-BY DAVID DIETZ

Discovery of Ancient Tomb in Mesopotamia Expected to Throw New Light on Customs of Asiatic Natioyi. DISCOVERY of an ancient tomb in northern Mesopotamia containing a terracotta sarcophagus, pottery and beautiful bronzes, just has been announced by the University of Pennsylvania Museum Archeological expedition. The expedition, under direction of Dr. Thraim A. Speiser, made its discovery at Tell Billa. Dr. Speiser believes that the tomb belonged to the period of the Persian dynasty known as the Asheminld dynasty. This dynasty ruled from 540 B. C. until its conquest byAlexander the Great in 330 B. C. The discovery is particularly valuable because the tomb never had been entered. It is the heartbreaking experience as a rule to find that thieves have plundered a tomb. Because of the valuable objects put into tombs in ancient days, many tombs were plundered within a few years of the royal burial, sometimes within a month. For that reason, archeologists hope that the Tell Billa find will throw much light on the history and customs of its period. A complete description cf the tomb has not yet been received from the expedition. a a a Important Relics COMMENTING upon the discovery, Dr. Horace H. F. Jayne, director of the University of Pennsylvania Museum, says: “Ancient tombs which have not long ago been plundered of their contents seldom are found by archeologists, and the uncovering of such a tomb at Tell Billa encourages the belief that continued excavation there will reveal intact other important relics of archeological significance. “Tell Billa, one of the largest and most imposing mounds in ancient Assyrian king of biblical and Babynortheast of Mosul and about five miles east of the famous ruins of Kohrsabad. It first attracted the attention of i Dr. Speiser four years ago, when jhe was making an archeological j survey of northern Iraq. | “A surface examination at that time revealed that the huge mound at Tell Billa contained extensive remains of both the prehistoric and historic periods. Os particular significance was the finding of an inscribed brick which bears the seal of Sennacherib, Assyrian king of Biblical and Babylonian fame, and makes it clear that the Tell contains one of the summer palaces of that ruler.” a a a The Golden Age FURTHER Interest attaches to the site. Dr. Jayne says, becauso Tell Billa was one of the places through which the famous “Ten Thousand” passed on their retreat after the battle of Cunaxa in 401 B. C., when Cyrus with 10.000 Greek mercenaries was killed in an attempt to wrest the Persian throne from his brother, Artaxerxes 11. “During the entire period from about 4000 B. C„ until the end of the Assyrian empire in 606 B. C., the site of Tell Billa was occupied constantly, which adds to the likelihood that excavation there will yield sculpture from the golden age of Assyrian art, as well as prehistoric remains of the aboriginal population of the land,” he says. “Certain it is that the site will furnish important scientific information relative to the early history of Mesopotamia.” Dr. Speiser is one of the world’s best known anthropologists. In May of the present year, he entered a' third contestant in the battle for the clai#r to the oldest civilization. For many years two schools have battled, one claiming that the valley of the Nile was the cradle of civilization, the other that the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates deserves that credit. Dr. Speiser believes that Susa in Persia, capital of the province of Susiana, called Elam in the Bible, was the scene of the world’s first civilization.

*****

BOOKER WASHINGTON’S BIRTH

November 14 ON Nov. 14, 1858, Booker T. Washington, American Negro educator, was born on a plantation near Hale’s Ford, Va., the son of a mulatto slave. After the Civil war he went to Malden, W. Va., to work in a coal mine. With the elementary education he acquired at night schools, the young miner entered the Normal and Agricultural institute at Hampton, Va. He later became an instructor. In 1881, with a reputation established for educational work among Indians, Washington was appointed to establish a colored normal school at Tuskegee, Ala. He opened the school in a dilapidated house and church, with thirty students, and himself the only teacher, but he left it with many buildings, much land, 1,500 students and 185 teachers. He acquired nation-wide attention for his ability as an orator and his work for the education and improvement of his race. Harvard gave him an honorary degree in 1896, as did Dartmouth in 1901. What is the population of the Philippine Islands? What race of people predominates? What is the i leading religion? j The total population, according to i the Philippine census of 1918 is 110,314,310, chiefly of the Malay race. The Roman Catholic religion has i the largest membership there. This i body reports 8,724,965 adherents. The total number of Protestants is 1 165,235. There are 24,363 Buddhists and 443,037 Mohammedans. What animal appeared with Lon I Chaney in “The Unholy Three?” It was a man made up to represent a gorilla. It is said to be | the most startling animal Lmperj sonation in the history of the [screen. The name of the man was ! Fred Humes. I Is pure gold 18 or 24 carats? | Twenty-four carats is pure gold and 18 carats has six parts alloy.