Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 159, Indianapolis, Marion County, 12 November 1930 — Page 4

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if H I PPS -H ow

The Fee System Two years ago the Democratic party made a futile effort to abolish the fee system in Indiana, placing all county officials on regular salaries. They traced the election evils of Lake county to tne fact that county officials received sums larger than the salaries paid to the President ot the United Btates. , T This year the political situation, as far as Lake county is concerned, is changed. Democrats hold these ainecures. One of the tests of the Democratic party, pernaps the acid test, is its attitude in victory. Will it have the same ideas upon the fee system now that it held two years ago. or will it yield to the political demands of Lake county and forget its high purpose! 1 There can be no question of the evils of the fee system. It should be changed. Lake county is not the only spot which it affects. It is absurd to make the prosecutorship of Madison county, now passing for the first time in years to Democratic hands, twice as profitable as that of a supreme court judge. Certainly it docs not require twice the legal knowledge, twice the integrity, twice the work. Iu hitting the fee system, tne legislature will do well at the'same time to strike at the prevision of law which has made it so evil a thing. Originally the fee system- was based upon the piece system of work to relieve smaller counties from undue burdens. It did not begin to breed its evil children of corruption until the passage of the Wright law, which turned into the prosecutors and sheriffs more money than ever before. The particular provision of that law which has made the fee system in Lake and Madison cc unties, in particular, as well as all other counties operating on that basis, so objectionable is the $25 fee given to ptosecutoi's for all cases in connection with the law. and a S2CO fee for all nuisance cases. That provision was the scheme of the Anti-Saloon League to raise funds. It expected to employ its own lawyers and in many counties has demanded the privilege of prosecuting all nuisance charges. It intended this not so much as an added penalty for the man w}io got drunk or the operator of bootleg joints as it did for its own aim to raise funds foi its organization. If it be considered wise to make getting drunk so burdensome by this added fine, the law should be changed so that this fee goes into some state or county fund. It is that $25 fee for convicting a drunk, who generally pleads guilty, that has made the prosecutorship so profitable. There is no more reason for giving a prosecutor $25 in such cases, perhaps not as much, than there would be in putting up a bonus of SI,OOO for convicting a bank bandit or a bank embezzler. The Anti-Saloon League is not so powerful as it was when the vicious provision was put into the law. It has not been so successful in getting its own attorneys a monopoly of nuisance cases. The first amendment to the Wright law should be the taking of the $25 fee in liquor cases from prosecutors and making it. the duty of the prosecutor to prosecute all nuisance cases. Such amendment would remove some of the viciousness of the fee system, which is all wrong in principle and should be changed.

Adjourn Politics Let it be hoped that the tender of Chairman Earl Peters of the state Democratic party to adjourn politics from the necessary reapportionment of congressional districts will find a response from Chairman Rogers of the Republican organization. Indiana, under the last census, will lose two members of the house of representatives. That will require new political divisions. It is but human to expect that a legislature of which one body is Republican and the other Democratic will find such duty a subject of debate.* Each party might be expected to try for advantage by grouping counties in such way as to make election certain of a majority for its party. To have this question settled in advance by conference of leaders of the party would remove the probabiiity of the legislature becoming so embroiled in a political struggle on this question as to forget important legislation for which the people have voted. All that the people want is such division of the state that every citizen will have a fair chance of being represented in the national congress. The people. as the parties are learning, care very little about political parties and organizations and a great deal about justice, decency and fair play.

California Again California is about to hang one of its own wards, whose age is 10 years and 4 months! Ernest Dias is down on San Quentin's books as 24, but alienists have examined him and pronounced his mental age as just over 10. When he committed the double murder for which he must hang, he was a ward of the sfate that is tq hang him, a former inmate of the home for feeble-minded, paroled in spite of the fact, that lie was known as a mental case and a dangerous character. California, of course, is to blame for the murder th.s adult child committed. The state, not the mental incompetent that it turned loose upon the public, is guilty. But bound by its antiquated law that permits the supreme court to review on procedure and not evidence, the courts can not intervene. “To me it appears monstrous,’’ said Supreme Justice William Langdon, “that the state should hang one of its own wards, who never should have been set at. liberty and who at the time of this tragic event st.il was under surveillance as a mental defective.” Monstrous it is. As monstrous as for California to keep in its prisons Tom Mooney and Warren Billings on the testimony of perjurers. Yet it is committing beth wrongs because of the same weakness. This is the weakness of a state that is too small to admit it has made a mistake. The President's Address President Hoover’s appeal in his Armistice day address for a warless world was heartening. It consciously voiced the hope of the American people, for whom the President spoke. But the address was singularly lacking in definite suggestions or pledges which might translate that high hope into reality. Therefore, the net effect was profoundly disappointing. The President spoke as one tired by party and political reverses, weary with domestic problems of economic depression; as one who had not sensed the seriousness of the international situation and tlWheed for American peace action. How else explain his casual statement that “the outlook for pears is happier than for half a century”? Is it possible he does not know that virtually all statesmen and publicists of Europe agree that there is a drift toward war, that conditions are more explo-

The Indianapolis Times lA SCKirra-HOW ABD NEWSPAPER) uvocd *d<l tiubllabc-d daily (except Suoday) by The Indianapolis Time* Publishing 214-220 West Maryland Street. In-lianapnlis. lnd. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents-delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD OURLEX. ROX W. HOWARD, FRANK G MORRISON, Fiji tor President Business Manager Member of Catted Press, fecripps-Uoward Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service aud Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

sive than at any other time since the armistice was signed? How else explain his claim that the London treaty “has disposed of one of the major frictions among the great naval powers—that is, competition in naval construction—and it has made a sensible advance in the reduction of warships”? Has he forgotten that, instead of naval reduction, that treaty has permitted and encouraged his navy department to plan an increase costing upward oi $1,000,000,000; and that the treaty has no real effectiveness until Fiance and Italy reach an agreement, which is not yes in prospect? How else explain his contradictory references to making the Kellogg pact a binding treaty instead of merely a gesture? “I do not say that some such further step may not come about some day.’’ He must know that this vital advance is blocked by the Washington government, and never can “come about” unless Washington acts. y He must know that there can be no effective international peace machinery—through the leaguer or the Kellogg pact, or anything else—so long as the United States insists on his policy of keeping “free from any advance commitment." The least expected of the President in his Armistice day address was a pledge of prompt American adherence to the world court?—a pledge repeatedly made and unfulfilled by him and by his party during three administrations. Hoover praised the world court as usual, but forgot to mention that we are not yetj a member. Is it possible that the President has forgotten that he personally has kept the world court protocol locked ir his desk for nearly a year, instead of sending it to the senate, where it belongs, and where an overwhelming majority is impatient to ratify it? We trust that before his message to congress the President can find no time to consider these imperative issues of foreign policy. We hope that he yet will lead toward actual international armament reduction, prompt American adherence to the world court and effectual extension of the Kellogg pact outlawing war.

“Luxuries” During the war period, when wages went up suddenly, it was the fashion to begrudge the workingman his silk shirt and his phonograph. We are wiser now. No one interested in the prosperity of the nation begrudges the workingman the automobile, the radio, and the electric refrigerator he wants today. If they still are luxuries to the workingman, his possession of them has become a necessity to the numerous big corporations making 4hem, and to the hundreds of thousands of men who depend upon their pay rolls for their bread and butter. Sir Thomas Lipton has named his next contender Shamrock VI, as though our yachtsmen didn't already have his number. A Spaniard claimed the world’s record by writing three chapters from Don Quixote on back of a postcard. Fine work, that. In Alaska, where Democrats also were victorious, we’ll wager headline writers didn’t lose the opportunity to say the opposition was snowed under. A horse named Commuter won out in a race on a New York track. You might imagine he'd squeeze in in a rush. Add to optimistic stock market reports the news that Princess Mary of England just has purchased a prize bull in the United States. With the harvest larger than ever, grape growers should be able to squeeze out a little profit this year. There is this consolation in the new skirt lengths: They cover a multitude of shins. By the looks of the football situation, some colleges are depending too much on ringers to roll up scores. Shaw places Einstein above Newton in the scientific world. That is, relatively speaking. Four Swedish soldiers, a news item says, reddened when the king dropped in on them while they played bridge. A royal flush, as it were.

REASON by ™s ck

ONE of the most regrettable results of last week's | election was the defeat of Henry J. Allen of Kansas for the United States senatorship, for lie is a man of unsual capacity and one of the greatest natural orators in the country. tt tt tt But Vice-President Curtis is not inconsolable as a result of Allen s defeat, for he and Allen have been bitter opponents in Kansas politics for a quarter of a century, and when Allen was appointed to the Curtis seat when the latter became Vice-President, the blow almost killed father. tt tt tt We will have an interesting situation in the next Indiana legislature with the senate Republican and the house Democratic and a reapportionment bill due to divide the state into eleven congressional districts, as ordained by the last census. tt a a ANY reapportionment which is unfair to either party can not pass and should the legislature adjourn without a reapportionment, then the next congressional delegation will be nominated at large in a state convention and elected at large. This would in ail probability mean that one party Would win a!l of the eleven. tt tt a In this connection there is a lot of speculation as to the political future of Will R. Wood of Lafayette, representative from the Tenth district and chairman of the powerful appropriations committee. It's a cinch that Lake county will not be put into a district with Tippecanoe. tt u a The Calumet region now has enough population for a congressional district and its population will increase faster than that of any other Indiana section. Many people in the Calumet region hope that Wood will move to their section and permit them to keep him where he is so influential. a tt tt OF course, it is not necessary for a representative to live in his district, residence in the state being all that is required, but the custom of this country has been for the representative to reside in the district hf represents. In fact, it has acquired the scree of law: tt a it The English do it differently, districts frequently looking over the list and selecting some eminent statesman from a distant part of the country to represent them in the house of commons. But it will be a long time until we do it in the U. S. A. * * * Ten years from now we may lose more congressmen, due to the growth of great Cities, and this is not a good thing for the country, but that’s a story to be written in 1940.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Human Nature Lacks Confidence in Agencies Unless They Can Exert Some Authority. WISECRACKS, platitudes. slogans how easily they come to our lips, and with what sublime faith do we mouth them. “It looks like I’m in for a shocking evening,” says Bert Walker as he is being strapped into the electric chair at Columbus, O. “I'd rather be fighting,” says one of many ex-doughboys in a New York breadline, “you eat sometimes, then.” “I fear the Democrats when bearing gifts,” says Senator Moses, using a famous Latin line, which he :s obliged to pervert and then translate to make himself understood. And the President of the United States, though speaking in a vastly more serious tone, takes an almost equally pcmplacent attitude toward the realities of life when he proposes to establish organized peace through “persuasion.” a tt a Empty Words THOUGH it may be brave joke at death, it is ridiculously futile, and though it may be consoling to dream of a world made over by the simple process of academic moralizing and good example, it hardly squares with human experience. Peace for humanity is obviously a bigger problem than peace for the United States, if, indeed, the United States can claim to have arrived at that happy state. And there does not appear to be much logic in supposing it can be maintained without force, as long as this country finds it necessary to keep 100,000 policemen on the pay roll, not to mention all the sheriffs, constables and dry agents. Os course, there must be persuasion, but there must also be something to make people understand ; that it represents more than pleasant conversation. o tt a Caution Is Needed NO one can quarrel with the President’s opinion that the United States should go no farther at this time than to co-operate in a friendly way, and that, under existing conditions, it would be unwise for us to indorse a policy of “war to end war.” But when all is said and done, : such opinion represents a temporary political viewpoint which begs the ultimate issue. The only reason that we should promise no more than friendly cooperation is that the peace movement has not taken definite shape, that the world still is doing little but send up a lot of trial balloons, and that no one knows what can be done, much less how to do it. But, and making allowance for all that, we might as well recognize the necessity of thinking ■ this thing through. a a a Must Have Authority PEOPLE have not been able to establish peace anywhere yet, no matter on how small a scalp, without first instituting some kind of an orderly system, and then giving that system sufficient force to protect and preserve itself. Whether it’s a case of maintaining order through tribal law or a vigilance committee, people always have found it necessary to clothe the effort with a certain degree of power. Civilization will have to do ’the same thing if it ever substitutes a reign of law for the arbitrament of arms. Human nature still is so constituted as to lack confidence in agen- ; cies that can exert no authority.

We're All Anarchists THE trouble is that nations, our own included, shrink at the idea of making the necessary surrender of sovereignty, and that’s nothing but the age-old love of independence expressed on a grander scale. Men did not yield family government for tribal rule without a struggle nor tribal rule for the organization of states. We’re all anarchists at heart. The only difference is that some of us have been trained to see the advantage of living under orderly governments. The success of the peace movement depends on convincing a majority of civilized people. that there would be even greater advantage in an orderly world. But let’s not begin by deceiving ourselves as to what that means. There is not an orderly government without its instrumentalities of force, or without its right to use them when obedience can not be had in any other way; not a court without its bailiffs, nor a magistrate without some kind of peace officer to back him up. Why imagine, then, that we can hope for an orderly world without similar agencies, instrumentalities, and all they imply?

Daily Thought

There is no fear in love, but perfect love casteth out fear.— John 4:18. A heart once poisoned by suspicion no longer has room for love. —Motzebue. What has happened UT^Ex a Von Berne, who played in “Masks o fit he Devil?” She returned to Germany upon completion of that motion picture Studio officials informed her that she would be given another chance if she became proficient in English, but she is now living in Germany and latest reports that she has been acting in movies there at 1,500 marks a week. Where are the lands of the Papago Indian and who owns them? In the southern part of Arizona. The land is owned and controlled by the federal government. What is the costliest motion picture ever produced? “Ben Hur” is believed to have been the costliest. It was recently stated that $3,500,000 was expended in making the pictures. “Hell’s Angels,” recently* presented, is said to have cost almost as much. Which American President was taught to read and write by his wife? Andrew Jackson. :

HERE'S p f WHERLTHE ' / THE WHOLE { fyj / UP* 7 ' .1(7,7

Injection May Revive ‘Dead’ Heart

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN, Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health L Magazine. AGAIN and again public interest is aroused by the fact that someone apparently dead is restored so far as concerns the beating of his heart and his breathing by injection directly into the heart of some effective drug. The preparation usually used is an extract of the supraenal gland called epinephrine or adrenalin. In a recent review of medical opinion on this subject, Dr. A. S. Hyman points out that this technic is hailed on one hand as a miracle of science, and on the other as a useless and dangerous operation. Hence he has summed up what has been accomplished by this method'ln recent years. Dr. Hyman points out that not infrequently the heart suddenly will stop during the course of a surgical operation and that in such an emergency surgeons have been able not infrequently to resuscitate the

IT SEEMS TO ME BY 11 BROUN D

TO many individuals the process of being fingerprinted is highly repulsive. I was fingerprinted a week or so ago, and it isn’t such a bad ordeal. Having a tooth pulled is much worse. It is true that the recording to which I submitted was wholly unofficial. No charge oi conviction lay against me at the moment. The whole thing was the idea of a newspaper friend, who took me over to the expert and said: “Fingerprint this fellow. It may come in handy some time or other.” And when I had made my black marks on the paper I was allowed to take the identifying sheets away with me. They were put in a safe place as souvenirs and promptly got lost. And so my fingerprints are by now on some rubbish heap or being blown helter-skelter through city streets by idle winds. It would have, been much more sagacious for me to have said to the police, “You put ’em in your filing cabinets and hold them on the chance that some day you’ll want me.” “The off chance,” I might have added, with a touch of self-right-eous confidence. sx n Nothing Personal I CAN understand popular repugnance against being represented in any rogues’ gallery, but fingerprints are wholly impersonal. The manner in which they are arranged for reference in an orderly progression mystifies me. The expert tried to explain, but I was not quickwitted enough to follow. He said that if he had my prints on file and I returned thirty years later with a gray beard and a wooden leg identification still would be simple.

Seemingly it is just as easy to turn to a set of fingerprints in a police cabinet as to find the world “dev murrage” in a dictionary. The arrangement has something to do with the number of little tents or circles found in the lines. Everybody, I gather, goes in for tents or circles in various combinations. Sjnce the includes all ten fingertips, the potential combinations are infinite. You never will catch even an inkling of doubt as to the accuracy of the system in the mind of any man who has worked at it. My friend was dogmatic on that question. “Never in the history of the world,” he said, ' have any two sets of fingerprints been found which were precisely alike. And there never will. In fact, if duplication occurred just once we’d have to throw away the whole theory.” “How about twins?” I suggested. tt tt tt Not Twins THE expert eyed me scornfully. “No similarity,” he answered. “I've done hundreds of them. The twins may look exactly alike, but , not their fingerprints. I did the ! Siamese twins once, and their prints didn't even go-in the same general classification.” I hazarded the guess that somebody must have advanced some theory on criminal characteristics as indicated in these peculiar convolutions, but that was rejected, too, by my He'd never heard of anybody trying to get by with that nonsense.

Straighten It Out!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

heart beat by massaging the heart through the diaphragm. When the heart stops, the circulation of the blood naturally stops, and if the circulation is delayed over a long period, death inevitably follows. It is said that certain portions of the brain are damaged irreparably after some five to eight minutes of the stopping of the circulation. On the other hand, the hair follicles in the skin may continue to be alive and to grow hair as long as seventy-two hours after the heart has stopped beating. Various authors disagree as to the length of time after which resuscitation is possible. The longest interval concerned a man 70 years of age whose heart was revived by injection of a drug directly into the heart a half hour after all signs of beating had ceased, and there are other cases in which the heart had stopped from fifteen to twenty minutes and the patients recovered following use of this method. The physician must make a de-

“Nobody has put out any theory like that,” he told me, “and if anybody did I wouldn't believe it. Let me show you.” He snatched back my prints and went to rummage through the filing cabinet. In a 'couple of minutes he was back with another set. To my unpracticed eye here was the miracle which had been called impossible. Surely the composition of the geometric figures was identical. All four thumbs revolved around a central tent, and each tent was as alike as any set of houses in a row of suburban villas. tt Close Shave THE expert shook his head. "Not alike,” he said. “Count the circles. You’ve got twenty-one on the left thumb, and he has only eighteen. His tent on the other thumb is bigger, and there are three more convolutions. “And it’s a lucky break for you,” he added, “because if they were just;

Questions and Answers

How many Indian tribes are there? Dr. Swanton of the bureau of American ethnology estimates the number to be 336. How long does a round last in boxing? In modern professional boxing it lasts three minutes. How does the output of the dairy industry in America compare in value with that of other agricultural products? In the fiscal year 1927-1928, the total income received by American farmers for all farm products was about $12,250,000,000. One-fourth of this, or about three billions, was produced by dairy cows. This was two and a half times the annual value of the cotton crop, two and

Short Story Writing Nearly every one, sometime in his life feels an urge to write, our own experiences ’or those of others frequently prompt the thought- “That would make a good story." And, naturally, we want to wtite it ourselves. From such promptings the prolific literature of today arises. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a bulletin, SHORT STORY WRITING. It can not make a writer out of you if you have no talent, imagination, persistence or ability in that line. On the other hand story writing is not so difficult as it is sometimes made to appear. Our bulletin on the subject will give you much fundamental information on how to go about this work. You will find it interesting, informative and helpful. It contains information, too, on where and how to market yous stories. Fill out the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE DEPARTMENT 100, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin SHORT STORY WRITING, and inclose herewith five cents in coin or loose, uncanceileji United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO 7 CITY * STATE , lam a daily rattier of The Indianapolis Times, (Code No?f

i cision in each case on the basis of I the conditions in the individual ! patient If the patient is healthful, ] except for some acute surgical condition, a shock, an accident, or a collapse, an injection directly into the heart may mean restoration ta life 0 If, on the other hand, the patient has a heart that is degenerated badly, very high blood pressure, hardening of the arteries, or if he suddenly has died from severe infection, the decision may be against the use of this method If a person is undergoing a surgical operation, the safer method probably is massage of the heart through the opened abdominal cavity It is taken for granted that the injection will be made in the proper place by the proper method This seems to be injection into the right auricle or upper chamber of the heart by the use of a slightly curved needle, inserted between the ribs in the right side of the sternum, or I breast bone

Ideals and opinions expressed in Ibis column are (bosc of one of America’s most intrrestina writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

alike I’d slap you into a cell in a minute. “It wouldn't make any difference if you did tell me that you’re a newspaper man and that you weren’t in Brooklyn on the night of Oct. 11. I’d have you charged with first degree murder, with a swell chance for conviction, because these prints belong to K 564, third offender, and his name is Red, and we’re after him for a double killing. “And you and he are about as close as any two I’ve got in the cabinet. I hope you still don’t believe in any theory of criminal tendency fingerprints.” I wouldn't be so sure. I’ve still got some years ahead of me. There may be fundamental similarities as well as fingerprint likenesses between myself and Red. I don’t know his story, his background or the nature of the provacation. In fact, I feel inclined to say, “There but for the grace of a few on a fingertip go I.” (Copyright. 1930. bv The Times)

a half times the beef and veal crop, more than three times the wheat crop and more than twice the hog crop. Who was Davy Jones and where is his locker? The name stands for the spirit of the sea, that commands all the evils of the ocean. Davy Jones’ locker is the bottom of the sea, where sunken ships and drowned sailors go." The expression is„very old, and its origin is unknown, except that it arose among British sailors. What is the smallest church in the United States? Presumably St. Anthony’s chapel, three miles from Festina, la. It holds eight persons.

.NOV. 12, 193t>

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

.4 m a zing Discoveries Arc Made in the Study of Variable Stars. SOME of tlie most remarkable and amazing discoveries about the universe have been made in the last decade through the study of variable stars. It is interesting, therefore, to realize that the first great landmark in the progress of knowledge of th.j stars was the discovery of the existence of variable stars. Tire discovery was made by David Fabrifius, Dutch astronomer, in 1596. He noted a stsw of medium brightness in the constellation of Cetus, or the Whale, which grew dim and faded from sight. Because of the strange behavior oi this star, he named it Mira, which means “the wonderful." We now know that Mira is a variable star, that is, a star whose brightness varies. At its maximum brightness it appears as a third magnitude star. (.The brightest stars in the sky are known as the first magnitude stars, while those just visible to the naked eye are known as the sixth magnitude stars.) At its minimum brightness Mira is a ninth magnitude star, and consequently only* visible with a telescope. It takes Mira approximately 240 days to fade from its maximum to its covery. however, is more rapid and it returns to maximum brightness in only ninety days.

Mira and Algol FOR many years. Mira and Algol were the only two variable stars known. By the end of the eighteenth century, astronomers had listed about a dozen. The application of photography to the study of the stars made it easier to discover variable stars since they could be located by the simple process of comparing two plates of the same region of the sky taken at tervals. Asa result, about 500 variable stars were known by the end of the nineteenth century. At present, astronomers have knowledge of about 6,000 variable stars. The Harvard Observatory has been particularly active in the search for variables and about 4,000 of them must be credited to the astronomers there. Modern study has shown that the variables can be divided into four types. In some ways, the classification is slightly misleading, because the first type listed, namely, the eclipsing variables, really are not variable stars at all but double stars. A double star, it will be recalled, is really two stars so close to getlicr that they appear as a single star to the unaided eye. The telescope reveals the true state of affairs, however, separating the two components of the double. A double star constitutes a real system, the two stars revolving around a common center of gravity, or in the case of a large and small component, the small one revolving around the largo one. a a Eclipse of Star NOW, it sometimes happens that the orbit of a double star is so inclined with reference to the earth that as one star revolves around the other, the first star at times gets directly between us and the second one. This means, therefore, that the first star succeeds in eclipsing the second one as far as we are concerned. If the two components are of equal brightness, the result of such an eclipse is to cut in half the light which we receive from the double and so it drops for the time to half its usual magnitude. Such a double star constitutes what the astronomer calls an eclipsing variable. It sometimes happens that an eclipsing variable consists of component of unequal brilliance. One compound may be very bright. The other dim. In such case the eclipsing of the bright component by the dull one results in a very great decrease in the brilliance of the star. Algol, the second variable star to be known, is an eclipsing variable. The existence of eclipsing variables first was suggested in 1782 by John Goodricke, who suggested that the periodic dimming of Algol, which occurs every two days twenty hours and forty-nine minutes, might be caused by a fainter object passing across its face. Subsequent study with large telescopes proved that Goodricke was correct in his diagnosis.

-1 qdA.ytiß'THle"-

CAPTURE OF MONTREAL November 12

ON Nov. 12, 1775, the Americans dealt the British a surprising blow shortly before the end of the Revolutionary war, when Richard Montgomery, with 2,000 men, descended from Lake Champlain to capture Montreal. Congress sent an expedition into Canada after it had heard that King George had hired 20,000 German troops to fight against the colonists. The primary reason for the expedition was to prevent Sir Guy Carleton, governor of Canada, from invading New York. Another line of American invasion w’as intrusted to Benedict Arnold, who, with 1,200 men, made a wonderful march through the dense wilderness of Maine to reach Quebec. Here he joined forces with Montgomery and they both made a desperate assault upon Quebec. They forced their way into the tow-n, but Montgomery was killed and Arnold disabled, and the assault finally was repulsed. One historian wrote of this expedition : “No expedition during ttie American revolution had less elements of permanent value than those which were undertaken against Canada during the year 1775. “Great results were anticipated, but none was realized. The obstacles were too substantial, and failure was inevitable.” How is lowa n*-onounced and from what is the name derived? It is pronounced Eye-o-wah, with the accent on the first syllable. Tlwn name is derived from that of am Indian tribe, and means “sleepa St’ 1