Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 158, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 November 1930 — Page 4

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t C * I P P J - H OW Ajtz>

Every Vote Counts If you could have voted last week and didn’t, because you argued lazily “My wte wouldn’t make much difference anyhow, the results of the balloting should make you sit up and take notice. Some results were so close that they still are in doubt. Not one but several men owe their seats in congress to a margin of eight, ten or even fewer votes. Remember this next time you have a chance to vote, and have respect for the power that lies within your hands as an enfranchised citizen. Armed Truce 1918-1930 On this twelfth anniversary of the armistice, addresses are being made around the world on the great peace advances made since 1918. As evidence, there will be cited such achievements as the League of Nations, the Locarno security treaties, the world court, the Kellogg pact, and the Washington and London naval treaties. No friend of peace will sneer at those achievements. But no person informed of the facts of the present world situation will accept those institutions and treaties as adequate. The discouraging aspect of the situation is that, despite these peace achievements, there is more danger of world war now than at any other time since signing of the armistice. All basic causes which have produced past wars are present today—national fears and jealousies, the sense of injustice and revenge over so-called stolen territories. oppressed minorities, trade rivalries and conflict over raw materials, the despair of nations loaded with debts which they hope to cancel, the temptation of rulers who fear the rising tides of Fascism and Communism to resort to foreign war to prevent civil war, and, finally, the armament, race. Our own armament bill now exceeds $741,000,000 annually, an increase over pre-war days of 161 per cent. This, according to the official statement of President Hoover, is “the largest military budget of any nation in the world today.” According to the senate appropriations committee, the total apppropriations in the last session of congress “for preparations for and results of war” were $2,831,825,963—0r about 72 per cent of our total national expenditures. Virtually all the European powers steadily have increased their armament budgets and are continuing to do so. Deducting Germany, now partially disabled by force, the European countries are now spending on armaments annually $2,370,000,000, compared with $1,878,000,000 pre-war. The European nations are not spending these vast sums on armament for the fun of it—indeed, most of them are so close to bankruptcy that they dare not waste a penny. But they feel that they have no choice other than to prepare for a war which they consider inevitable. And that, after all. is the only real test of the world's boasted peace institutions and of the results of the late “war to end war.” If the peoples and governments will not rely on the peace machinery, but continue to increase their military weapons, then the paper progress toward peace is not worth much. We could blame Great Britain and France and Its’y, who have failed to keep their treaty pledge to il.jarm themselves as they disarmed Germany; and we could blame the smaller and new’ European states whose militaristic nationalism now is undermining peace. But there is more point in blaming ourselves. Because of our superior strength and physical isolation, the United States, better than any other nation, can •risk arms reduction and binding peace treaties. And yet we have refused to lead, where others might follow. We have refused to join the league or even to co-operate with it fully. We have kept out of the world court. We have emasculated arbitration treaties. We have refused to make the Kellogg pact, binding. We have negotiated naval treaties involving increases Instead of reduction Unless the United States adheres to the world court, puts teeth, into the Kellogg anti-war pact, and .leads in joint armament reduction, we shall be partly to blame for the next world war if it comes. A Winning Issue Evidence continues to accumulate that last week's elections spoke more significantly on the question of public utilities than on any other Wets were elected and drys were elected. Democrats and Republicans, high tariff men and low tariff men. but in every state where utilities were an issue, advocates of public ownership or development, of power resources, or of adequate regulation of private companies, were successful. They belonged to both parties; there were drys among them and wets. They were elected in east, west, north and south, but all were elected. Never in recent years has there been such a striking expression on the subject of power. Now. with completion of referendum counts, it has \ heen determined that, two states have, in addition, ' gone directly on record in favor of public ownership of power resources Washington and Oregon have provided for creation of power districts within their borders, having authority to conserve the water power resources of the states and to supply public utility service for all purposes With Pinehot, Roosevelt, Cross, Meier and La Toilette as Governors protecting the public interest in power; with Norris, Walsh, Costigan and others fighting the same fight in the senate; with Reece of antiMuscle Shoals fame defeated, utility companies which have been arrogant now are uneasy. Meanwhile, the rest of us can feel a little more secure in possession of our common heritage. Neither Mars Nor Marx We throw out of our schools and colleges all teachers who try to use their position to disseminate Communist propaganda. This is fit and proper. In Los Angeles they will not even graduate from high school students who believe in Communism. Such students automatically are flunked in the required course in civics. Yet we allow as rank and “un-American” a type of propaganda as Communism to flourish in our schools. It is unchecked, and in many quarters even is encouraged. We refer to the course in “citizenship” given to some 260,000 school and college students in i the United States by the war department. I This departs as far from the principles upon which our country was founded as the red rantings of any paid agent of Moscow. , .This almost incredible nuisance in American education is well described in the new Republic,' jn an

The Indianapolis Times (A BCKIPP9-HOWAKD NBTTSPAPEB) Owned *nd published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos. 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price In Marlon County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOTD GURLEY. ROT W. HOWARD, FRANK G MORRISON, Editor President Business Manager PHONE— Riley 8651 TUESDAY. NOV. 11. 1930. Member of United Press, Scripps-Howartl Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. ‘‘Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

article on "Catch ’Em Young and Treat ’Em Rough,” by Ralph Wohlforth. Many reputable American citizens have regarded it as reprehensible even to teach military tactics in non-military schools and to develop the bayonet psychosis in the minds of our youth. It certainly is indefensible to allow parade-ground propagandists to instill goose-stepping ideals into the minds of school children. Yet this is just what is happening. As Mr. Wohlforth says: “Under auspices of the general staff and by order of the secretary of war, they are taught to sing the praises of utility companies, the status quo, preparedness and service, and to chant the horrors of government ownership, Socialism, the initiative, referendum and recall Communism, pacifism and democrary.” We might, perhaps, expect military authorities to exhort the school boys to slavish obedience to their political superiors. But it is startling to find that these idealists from the war department are far more interested in fortifying their youthful hearers against the mildest brand of economic liberalism. “They teach unabashed the crudest sort of economic bourbonbm, which, if actually followed for a couple of generations, would bring us a worse revolution than the November, 1918, overturn in Russia. Their economic creed is: (1) absolute individualism; 1 2) the apothesis of Insull and public utilities, and (3) poverty and hunger to promote high thinking among the laboring classes. The results of such teachings on the students are obvious: “It ushers them out stuffed with the sawdust of reactionary platitudes, tin whistle ideals, and big business morality. It ushers them out imbued with a servile and complacent respect for things as they are and with an intolerance of change, or intelligent doubt, or social progress.” Such doctrines are more of a betrayal of American ideals' than Communism. Let anybody who doubts it compare the writings of the Fathers with Manual 2000-25 of the war department. Indeed, Lincoln himself once said that the international bond of the working classes should stand before the love of country. It is high time that we eject these goose-steppers forcibly from our educational institutions. They are -not only a nuisance: they are dangerous. If their ideas gain any wide acceptance bloody revolution will be the answer. They have no legal status. The attorney-genera} just has announced that ’courses in military tactics are not compulsory even in the land-grant colleges Let these latter-day apostles of the doctrines of the Prussian drill sergeant pack up and go back to the parade grounds where they belong. Rickenbacker At last America has given its ace of aces in the World war the honor he has deserved for twelve years. Captain Eddie Rickenbacker has become the 1,823 rd holder of the Congressional Medal of Honor. Rickenbacker is T;he only living aviator to get this most precious of American decorations out of the war. The other one was awarded posthumously to Frank Luke, the Arizona “balloon buster.” Two other American aviators—Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh and Admiral Richard E. Byrd—hold the congressional medal for peacetime feats. Lindbergh flew the Atlantic for his. Byrd flew to the North Pole for his. Twelve years was a little long for America's war ace to wait for a medal that has. been awarded 1,822 times before. Members of a foreign football team are reported to have carried revolvers in a recent game. Perhaps they tried to go one better the American backs who are described as “knifing” their way through the lines. Someone suggests that Edison may negotiate -ith the Soviets now that they are growing plants from which rubber may be produced. But this is stretching the point too far. As for that new black derby A1 Smith wore at the polls, the Democrats are convinced it had a silver lining. % Some churchmen are questioning the act of the late French poet who preached his own eulogy from a phonograph record. 'There are, of course, two sides to the question.

REASON BY "EES’

THE result of last Tuesday’s election points the finger of prophecy at a number of things, two of said things being the probable presidential nominations of the respective parties two years from now. a a a Tn the case of the Democrats, the convention might as well come to order right now, for they have found their standard bearer in the person of Franklin D. Roosevelt, whose record-smashing majority in the Empire state has eliminated all others from the race, nan In addition to his half-million majority, Roosevelt has other credentials, he being the connecting link between the two national factions of his party, the Smith and the anti-Smith followings. In addition to this, he is a statesman of high character and his name is a great asset. tt tt tt THE only element of doubt in Roosevelt's case vould appear to be his health, and he seems to be gaining strength all the time and increasing the distance between himself and the infantile paralysis bug which laid him lew. ana In the case of the Republicans, one can not forecast with the same degree of assurance, but one can imagine a situation in which President Hoover would be glad to wash his hands of the whole proposition and hand the G. O P. high command over to another, Dwight Morrow, for instance. a a a It is going to be rough sledding for the administration these next two years with increased Democratic strength in the upper house and the coalition having unquestioned control if it sees fit to function. This is enough to cause the President to wish he were prospecting for a .mine j n China or some other distant clime. a a a THE inevitable compromises and limitations of politics have been obnoxious to Mr. Hoover under the far and more favorable conditions of yesterday at Washington, and for the rest of his term it looks like an endless vexation. Os course, conditions may change, but the scrambled | state of things in the next congress will hardly be a stimulant to business. a a a Should Mr. Hoover decide to step aside the fingers; of destiny would seem to point in the general direc- | tion of Dwight Morrow, that is, if by that time the; Republicans be willing to desert the camel, for in the parlance of the period, Mr. Morrow is wet. a a a It’s a time of readjustment in this country and it’s going to be very interesting for the next two years, sitting in the grand stand, watching'the things that come down the pike

. THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

There Are Stronger Forces Than the World Court or the Kellogg Pact at Work for War Prevention. TWELVE years, and people are blue because the millennium has not dawned. What did we expect, that we should be so discouraged? A war to end war, they told us, as though the mere declaration were enough. And we fell for it, without pausing to consider the difficulties involved. The pessimism so prevalent on every hand has for its background the foolish, extravagant optimism with which men hailed peace when the greatest conflict of human history came to an end. Those who delight in such a pastime can find many disagreeable facts to prove that little has been accomplished in behalf of more enduring peace, and that the outbreak of war is imminent in half a dozen spots, if not on a world-wide scale. O tt Outlook Is Gloomy " THE number of men under arms; the resentment of defeated countries and the arrogance of those that won; the presence of flagwaving dictators; the prevalence of discontent because of widespread economic depression; the temporary failure of some of the more ambitious effort* to establish organized peace, and, above all else, the age- j old popularity of jingoism, combine j to give the situation a dark and | gloomy aspect. The Franco-Italian sulk is like- j ly to blow up at any moment, we j are informed, while Russia and Germany may decide to attack Poland simultaneously, or Japan may conclude that the time is auspicious to grab Manchuria. And, as though that were not enough, we are regaled with monologs on Germany’s coldness toward the republic, revolution in South America, the stew in India, or England's inability to put business back on its feet. tt a e Hete’s Ray of Hope BUT doss all that, and much more, warrant the conclusion that conflict is just around the corner? Is it true that another storm has begun to shape and that the world is headed for another deluge of blood and destruction? Have all the promises gone sour and all the efforts failed, or are we still a little groggy and a little unbalanced with shellshock? The League of Nations survives, even though it has accomplished far less than its sponsors hoped; the world court is a going concern, even though we refuse to join it without “reservations,” and the Kel- ; logg pact has been signed by a vast majority of nations, even though it lacks “teeth.” tt a tt Peace Forces at Work THERE are stronger forces than the league, the world court, or the Kellogg pact at work for the prevention of- war. For one thing, there is general exhaustion among the nations; for another, there is a world debt which would cause every financial structure and system to collapse at the very outbreak of conflict; for another, there is a great preponderance of women. It is probably true, as the Bible says, that there will be wars and rumors of wars,” until the end of the world, but if history means anything, W’e can look for more rumors than anything else during the next generation. It is a weakness of human nature to linger with thrilling experiences, to live days of excitement over again, not only in the memory, but in imagining what is about to happen. People seldom come out of a great conflict without the obsession that it is likely to recur. That obsession is what ails the world today. tt it tt We Awaken. Slowly THOUGH twelve years have passed since the armistice was signed, there are millions who can’t make themselves believe that it is over, that the fire is not still burning somewhere beneath the surface, and that they might wake up any tune and find themselves right back where they were in 1914, They won’t, not because trouble is impossible, or even improbable, but because humanity is in no condition to start or to sustain worldwide conflict. We must raise smother crop of babies to prepare the way for such a calamity, train another generation of children to the comforts of peace, and put our finances in order. Even so, we can not be sure that the calamity will come, because, weak as they are, and futile as they have been up to this time, the -various movements that have been instituted for a “reign of law” are having a tremendous effect. The boys and girls going to school these days are being taught a different kind of history than was in vogue fifty years ago, and the difference will become more marked as the years go by. Say what you will, but war as an organized, deliberate sport has ceased to be the glorious thing it once was. The very fact that statesmen are willing to admit that the thought of permanent peace is worth considering represents a revolution in itself, but a revolution which is of small consequence compared to that taking place in our educational system.

Daily Thought

The iron entered into his soul. —Psalms 105.18. Revenge is an unhuman word Seneca. How old is Ramon Novarro? He was bom Feb, 6, 1899. What does quitopahilla mean? It is an Indian name and means i “spring flowing from the ground ! among the pines.” How can zinc be cleaned? Stir rye bran into a paste with boiling water, and add a handful of silver sand and a little vitriol. Rub the zinc with this paste, rinse with water, dry and ;>olish with a cloth. When did Walt Whitman die? In 1892. How is detour pronounced? It is pronounced de-tur, with the; accent on the last syllable.

Many Immune to Infantile Paralysis

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN, Editor Journal ot the American Mediral Association and of Hyjeia. the Ilealth Magazine. TF if were not for the fact that many people have a natural immunity to infantile paralysis, the amount of crippling and permanent injury from this disease would be far greater than It now is. Unquestionably the virus or agent that causes infantile paralysis ts widely distributed so that opportunity is open for infection. There seems to be considerable likelihood that people who have some immunity to the disease develop increasing immunity as they grow older. Furthermore, as one reaches adult age he is less frequently exposed to the disease than when he was a child. Some investigators have argued that immunity deceases with age, and that it is only the lessened exposure that keeps most adults from having the disease.

IT SEEMS TO ME

SINCLAIR LEWIS has wOn - the Nobel prize in literature for 1930, and it seems to me a good selection. The prize comes to Mr. Lewis at a time when his production has slackened vastly in quantity and even slumped, for the moment at least, in quality. He has published no important book since 1927, when “Elmer Gantry” appeared, and no first-class one since 1925, when “Arrowsmith” was issued. But thl Nobel committee has proceeded wisely on the theory that awards should not be made on the basis of the immediate performance. That’s sensible. The reward should differ from that given to a six-day bicycle rider for a half-mile sprint. The world should allow any creative artist the privilege of ups and downs, of slumps and lofty flights. In fact, I wish that kindness might also be extended to columnists, so that no one chained to a schedule would be much assailed if on some certain Thursday his output seemed a little dull. Seemed, did I say? He shouldn’t be shot, even if his stuff screamed its palpable dullness above the roar of the presses. nun One of the Best IT ought to be enough that five years ago Sinclair Lewis gave to the world one of the best of modern American novels. I realize that both “Main Street" and “Babbitt” attracted more attention, but for my taste “Arrowsmith” stood out and still stands out above the others. In fact, upon hasty survey, I would put it with two other novels as the finest which any native writers have accomplished in this decade. My choice for companion books would be Willa Cather’s “A Lost Lady” and Ernest Heminway’s “A Farewell to Arms.” I’ve always felt it a pity that custom accords books by modern authors such an exceedingly short spar.. Aside from classics which have been salted down through the centuries, few of us ever discuss or even consider anything but “new” books. Even a fine noVel is more or less a drug on the market when it has been on the shelf of any book store for a year. a a a Back From Limbo WITH the awarding of the Nobel prize I assume that there will be a revival in interest, and possibly anew edition. Attention will also be directed to “Main Street” and "Babbitt” and eVen to “Elmer Gantry.” But I don’t think that look ng backward ought to depend on the occasional stimulus of a Nobel award or a Pulitzer prize. After all, there are not enough prizes to go ’.round among the living authors who have done brilliant work. I’ve always been against the prevalent notion that an author in some way improves with death. It isn l fair to hold it against a writer that he continues to hang on. Possibly Sinclair Lewis will be chided for inconsistency. He refused the Pulitzer prize and announced at toe time that he considered all sul-h prizes “dangerous.”

The Key Log

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

It is known, of course, that immunity to other infectious disease brought about by inoculation against them tends to wear off after a period of time. It is known that the incidence of both infantile paralysis and diphtheria is low in infants under 1 year of age; probably because such infants are not frequently exposed to these diseases, but probably also because the infant at birth has in its blood immune bodies against infectious diseases derived from the mother. For instance, one investigator tested the blood of seven mothers and blood taken from the umbilical cord'of seven infants, and found that the amount of antitoxin against diphtheria was the same in nature and in amount in the blood of both mother and child. Other observers tested mothers and infants at 143 births and found that in 96 per cent of the cases mothers and infants corresponded with each other in having or in not having antitoxin,

HE WOOD BROUN

Now, with justifiable pride, he accepts the proffer from Stockholm. I already have made the point that there is more soundness in an award based upon a writer’s total output rather than laurels handed out year by year. s tt tt tt Human Judgment NEVERTHELESS, Sinclair Lewis was wrong the first time, and he is right now. Everybody knows that any committee, however constituted, will make mistakes, Few assume that here is an eternal and unmistakable verdict Nor

Views of Times Readers j

Editor Times—The recent election in Marion County is what might be called a final result. For four years, through the medium of The Indinapolis Times, you have been the most powerful influence in this city and county which has contributed to this final result. When I went in as mayor of Indianapolis in November, 1927, you already had been making a most powerful fight for the redemption of this city, and, while my election was not on your program or any other program until it actually happened, you and your paper immediately co-operated by encouragement and expression of confidence which was especially needed under the distressing conditions in city government that existed at that time, Your fight for upliftand redemption continued toward a reorganization of the city council, which occurred, and became the positive assurance that the redemption of the city was going to be accomplished. This accomplishment was obtained through the co-operation of leading good citizens generally, regardless of politics. Still you continued the fight which eventually resulted in the unprecedented election of Mayor Sullivan and a high grade board of school commissioners. Thus, two of our political subdivisions were completely redeemed and readjusted in the interest of the citizens and taxpayers generally. One more effort was necessary and your paper continued the fight. So far as opportunity is concerned, a final result has been obtained. You are entitled to a vote of thanks. However, I already observe in ■our editorials that you still are out in front on the firing line for redemption of pledges and true, responsible and responsive service on the part of those who are now assuming responsibility and taking over the powers of local government. You not only have my personal appreciation for all the things you have done, but I am also tendering encouragement and co-operation to the fullest extent of my ability. Very sincerely yours, L. ERT. SLACK. Editor Times—One hears much nowadays about married women working. Os course, there are different ideas on this subject. Taking the side of the married woman, for instance, surely qp one can be so narrow-minded as to think for

Workers in the Harvard-Medical School recently have tested the blood of nine mothers and their infants for substances antagonistic to the virus of causative agent of infantile paralysis. The evidence indicated clearly that where the mother is immune to this disease, there is a passive transmission of this immunity to the infant. Apparently the relative infrequency of infantile paralysis in infants under 1 year of age is due in a considerable measure to transmission of the substance which opposes infantile paralysis from the mother to the infant at birth. There was complete correspondence between mother and infant in ten out of twelve cases. It was found also that the immunity transferred from the mother to the child is not permanent. It tends to wear off, so that by the time the child is 5 years of age much of the immunity transferred from the mother may be lost.

Ideals and opinions expressed in tbis column are those of one of America’s most Interestintr writers and are presented without recard to their acreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

would I deny that there can be great satisfaction for a creator in a piece of work, even if it fails to bring him acclaim or financial recognition. But I think that most people are neither harmed nor insulted by a pat on the back. In a world in which the president of a steel company collected for the year 1929 one million six hundred thousand dollars in a series of “incentive bonuses” there is every reason why an artist should receive financial recognition as well as more exciting honors. fCopyright.. 1930. by The Times)

a moment that married women work because they want to. Would they rather leave a comfortable home to go out to an office or store and work all day and take orders from someone when they can stay at home and do as they please? Well, I guess not, but because it is necessary for them to work to help feed hungry mouths, to keep little bodies clothed and to give their children an education thkt otherwise they would be deprived of. The majority of workingmen do not make sufficient money to keep a family. I will say that if* married women are taken off of their jobs that there will be more divorces, homes broken up, children without father or mother than we ever have known before. Is it the married women’s fault because Wall Street crashed or because we have this depression? Why take their jobs, their homes and separate children from their parents, for that is exactly what it means? In a wonderful country like ours, people do not starve. Working people are willing to help those who do not have Jobs. The average wage for a man is S2O a week. What person is such a genius that can keep a family on wages like that and still stay the respectable American citizen? A MARRIED WOMAN. Editor Times—With your noble influence in putting the people wise to the notorious Coffin gang and the rest of the political crooks, we cleaned house right and we are not through. The rest of the rascals will get slammed into the discard good and proper in 1932. I hope The Times goes after the gamblers hot and heavy now, as rriost decent people know there is plenty of it going on all over the city, and you know there are thousands of punchboards and slot machines going overtime. And when you get through with them, give the food profiteers a rip up the back, as there absolutely is no justice for the downtrodden working class having to pay 8 and 10 cents for a one-pound loaf of bread, when flour is cheaper now than it has been for twenty years. C. G. G. Who used the pseudonym “Michael Fairless?” Margaret Fairless Barber, who lived from 1869 to 1901. What dogs run fastest? c; iWbippets.

INOV. 11, 1930

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ, ‘The Radio Decade * JRepre* sents Ten Years of Amaz ing Advance. THE years 1920 to 1930 are epitomized as “The Radio Decade” in a slim book of forty-two pages Just issued by the Radio Corporation of America under that title. The name, perhaps, is fitting. It well may be that future historians, looking back upon the twentieth century, will regard the development of radio broadcasting as the most significant occurrence of the last ten years. It is still far too early for any one to hazard what eventual sociological and economic results will accrue from broadcasting. “In the history cf radio the year 1920 will remain outstanding,” writes the author of “The Radio Decade.” “It witnessed the birth of organized radio broadcasting, an art that has developed in a single decade into one of the greatest forces the world has known. “It witnessed also the establishment ot a commercial international wireless service linking the United States with foreign nations.” It was on March 1, 1920, that the Radio Corporation of America sent its first message across the Atlantic, using high-powered wireless stations which had been under government control during the World war. The 1920 radio broadcasting experiments were conducted by the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company in Pittsburgh. a tt tt The Human Voice RADIO is so important because it represents man’s great triumph over the physical limitations of the human voice. “It is difficult to evaluate what has taken place in the transmission of intelligence within the brief span of the last ten years without re - calling for a moment man’s unending struggle to extend the range of his own voice,” writes the author of the Radio Decade. “So long as the nomad tribe remained the political unit, the spoken word was sufficient. Primitive man operated singly and incidents of tribal concern were discussed at night about the camp fire, and those very discussions gave to society its first unifying force. “As national entities slowly appeared and concerted action became more essential, keenly felt was the need for means to spread information widely, and to dispatch instructions quickly in emergencies. "Down through scores of centuries this need continued to tax man's ingenuity. Until our present era, with its marvels of electricity, it was safe to say that in no other practical science was humanity quite so laggard. “When the Greek demigods and warriors departed on the expedition that stands forth as the great romance of antiquity, their leader, Agamemnon, arranged an elaborate system of beacons along the eminences of Asia Minor which would carry the word to his horns in Argos that Troy had fallen.” a a The Beacon Fires BEACON fires remained man’s means of signaling for many centuries after the time of the ancient Greeks. “It is a significant commentary on communications progress,” our author continues, “that nearly 3,000 years after the fall of Troy, when western Europe had experienced the liberating influence of the Renaissance; when cannon thundered forth from great galleons that were navigated by the mariner's compass; when printing was a commonly accepted art and the drama and literature were at the loftiest peaks; when telescopes soon were to bring even the distant planets within the ken of men—an age teeming with development and progress—a series of beacon fires very much like those prepared by Agamemnon wound its course through the hamlets and towns and over the hills of south Britain, speeding the tidings on to London that the long-awaited Spanish Armada had appeared off the Cornish coast. “Communications the transmission of information from point to point—received ever-increasing acceleration with the coming and development of the telegraph, the telephone, and the radio. “These are the modern counterparts of the beacon lights of yore, although in our more complex civilization none serves the exact communications function of another. “But when nations began to appear, with requirements for quickly transmitted intelligence over wider and wider areas, mankind lost something of its close touch with the leader. “The royal proclamation, read by the herald or posted in the village, was very different from the voice of the chief out under the stars before the tribal campfires. “That personal contact of the voice, with its warmth and understanding, is something after the passing of these many centuries which the people just have regained.”

-ftCO.AW’IB'THeINDIAN SUMMER

November 11 ON Nov. 11, Indian summer, a short season of pleasant weather in the central and Atlantic coast states, is supposed to begin. Characterized by an almost cloudless sky, mild days, and cool nights, Indian summer may last from one to two weeks. The barometer readings are higher than the average, and the season is marked by the drying up of the leaves of most plants. Because of the prevailing dryness, forest and prairie fires occur at this time, the smoke adding to the intensity of the Indian summer haze. Smoke from such fires spreads slowly eastward, gathers moisture to itself, and is followed by clouds and gentle Jains. Similar weather occurs in Germany, where the season is known as “old woman's summer” and in England, where it is called "all hallow summer.” The term “Indian summer” probably was derived from the intense heats of the midsummer weather in India and the West Indies. No connection has been found in tha name with oim own American Ini dians. MM