Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 147, Indianapolis, Marion County, 29 October 1930 — Page 4

PAGE 4

Hoy The Indianapolis Times (A SCBTFFB-HOWABD IfEWSPAPBB) Owned *nd published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Pnblisbing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marlon County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere, 3 cents—delirered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD ROY W. HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON, Editor President Business Manager Riley SftSl _____ WEDNESDAY. OCT. 3. IMP. Member of United Presa, Seri pp*-Ho ward Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. stMiPrj-HowAj't, “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Complete the Victory i' The magnificent army of men and women which drove Cofiinism from the public schools, which, organized the great civic crusade for the city manager law, which banished Coffinism from the city hall, will complete the job next Tuesday by driving Coffinism from its last mtrenchment, in the courthouse. • The men and women who sacrificed and gave unstinted devotion to the city manager movement have not forgotten that they were robbed of the fruits of their victory by Coffinism. Nor does the taxpayer look at his tax bills with complacency as he sees the mounting cost of county government under Coffinism. Republican speakers have tried to disguise the issue, but there is but one issue in this county and that is the complete overthrow of Coffinism. Coffinism has done more than merely loot the treasuries and hand out special privileges. It had corrupted the civic soul of this < ity until the time of the great awakening tin the city manager crusade. It made servitude to a corrupt machine the price of preferment for the politically ambitious. It elevated those who gave unquestioning obedience to its orders. It consistently defeated those who dared even to question the system’s orders. Judge Collins was the last example of what happened to a rebel against Coffinism. Every outward sign points to a magnificent victory for the same forces for good which already have accomplished much. There is every reason to believe that the same forces will take from Coffin his last remaining power. The only notable desertion was that of a camp follower with a bass drum who joined the procession in the former campaigns only when he feared the power of public opinion. Coffinism needs certain key positions, and at all hazards his candidates for these offices must be defeated by the army of righteousness. He needs a criminal court judge, a sheriff, a county clerk, who acts on the election board, the county commissioners and the county council, who handle the people’s money. In the high purpose of rescuing these offices from the grip of Coffinism, the same army pf righteousness again goes to battle. It is not a Democratic army. It is a civic army of independent thinking citizens, of Republicans w ho are disgusted at the base use of their party name, of all those w T ho ask only honesty, efficiency and an equal chance • from government. Ras Taffari’s Wisdom When on Nov. 2 at Addis Ababa, amid East Afncan pomp and circumstance, young Ras Taffari is crowned emperor of Abyssinia, the world will watch the coronation of one of its wisest, though youngest, monarchs. This swarthy young chieftain as regent for a decade has outplayed the great land-hungry powers, Britain, France and Italy, whose African empires completely surroilnd his own broad and unexploited land. In every case their efforts to gobble it have been circumvented by the fine Ethiopian hand of Ras Taffari. How comes such wisdom on such young shoulders? Perhaps because in Taffarl's veins flows the purple blood of history's wisest monarch, old King Solomon himself. At least he claims to be the lineal descendant of Menelek, son of the Queen of Sheba and Solomon the Wise. He has listened to his many times great-grandfather expound the wisdom of the ages. "Eat thou not the bread of him that hath an evil eye, neither desire thou his dainty meats,’’ quoth Taffarl's royal progenitor 3,000 years ago. Taffari made no "entangling alliances.” “A wise king scattereth the wicked and bringeth the wheel over them,” said Solomon's proverbs. Taffari preserved his land by dividing the greedy powers one against the other. "I, Wisdom, dwell with prudence and And out knowledge of witty inventions.” Taffari has strengthened his country’s position by inviting in American technicians to modernize and "rationalize” his backward nation. "Discretion shall preserve thee.” Taffari avoided wars, and when in trouble appealed to the League of Nations and "pitiless publicity.” "By me, Wisdom, kings reign and prmces decree Justice.” Long may Ras Taffari decree Justice. A Real Contribution Some public-spirited citizen has a magnificent opportunity for rendering a real public service if he will print in pamphiet form and distribute to every member of the Parent-Teacher Association, and teacher In the state, an address given by Dr. Max A. Bahr of the Central hospital'over the radio Tuesday. He struck at the system of judging all children by the same, standards, and called attention to the fact that the percentage of mentally deficient children is much larger than generally is supposed. He declared that the nervous child and the deficient child need special education and that criminal and abnormal traits, developing largely through fears, might be corrected in the first ten years of their lives were the individual needs of each child studied. "The community which would build a hospital for typhoid patients and neglect a proper water supply would be regarded as very foolish,” said Dr. Bahr. "It Is equally foolish to put all stress upon reformatories and penal institutions and give no attention to the source of a large percentage of our vagrant paupers and criminals. "These come very largely from the abnormal or defective child.” It is quite possible that putting the abnormal child whose Intelligence is above rather than below the norma! standard fixed by school authorities through the routine school training for the normal robs the world of geniuses who might become leaders in science, tn statecraft, In literature, or invention. Certain it Is that our present system continues to

produce an increasing number of maladjusted children upon whom society places the stamp of criminal. Dr. Bahr opens anew avenue of thought. Prevention always is better than cure. Every child who toddles to school for the first day deserves his chance, and if experts in mental hygiene can correct criminal tendencies, can direct abnormal characteristics into useful channels, such course is much better than later sending boys to reformatories, or caring for them as objects of charity. We came slowly to see the necessity of teaching physical hygiene in the schools. Each child now Is examined physically. We went from that to the teaching of dental hygiene with school dentists. How much more important is it that we follow such men as Dr. Bahr into the realms of the mind, which, after all, is much more important than either teeth or body. Air Traffic Laws A national conference to thresh out the confusing lack of uniformity in state aeronautical laws has been called by Secretary of Commerce Lamont, to meet in Washington in December. Contradictory and confusing regulation of aeronautics by some states has had a distinct retarding effect upon aviation in general. A number of states have adopted bodily the federal laws governing aeronautics. It is to be hoped that, through this conference, all states can be shown the necessity for uniform legislation. The muddle of local and municipal traffic laws which confronts the touring motorist is bad enough, but the airplane is too fast a vehicle to be bound down by such red tape. As the commerce department says: ‘‘Once an airplane is in the air, there can be no distinction between its interstate and intrastate character. It must be equally airworthy, the pilot must be equally competent, and the same flying rules must be observed rigidly in one state as in another.” Some states have legislated to the disadvantage of aviation, penalizing It until it avoids the state. Others are too lenient, licensing fliers who have been turned down by the federal government as incompetent. Two representatives of each of the forty-eight Governors will attend the Washington conference. It is to be hoped they will take back home the necessary impression that their states can not afford to do other than legislate uniformly for aeronautics, in line with federal regulations. Presidential Anger His bitter invective against Ralph S. Kelley of the interior department for challenging the administration's oil shale policy, and against the newspapers which printed Kelley’s charges in full, hardly will add to the President’s reputation for poise and fairness. If Kelley is a liar, he must be proved one. Shouting and calling of names simply rallies more public support to Kelley, who has earned a fair hearing for his charges by his twenty-five years’ government service. It is too bad that the past record of the interior department has made the pifolic suspicious whenever oil scandals are mentioned. The President Just will have to put up with that situation, even though it strains his patience at a time of economic depression, prohibition failure and election troubles. The newspapers have not supported the Kelley charges, as the President implies. They merely have demanded the obvious—that the charges be proved or disproved by a responsible nonpartisan body. That demand is not met by the hasty justice department exoneration of the interior department, or by any other method which smacks of the administration investigating itself. The President will not hear the last of these charges unless he submits them to impartial investigation. If he doesn’t, congress will. At least, there's one thing that Chicago gangsters have to be thankful for—life insurance agents probably never pester them. A Pennsylvania house painter had some of his paintings accepted for an international art exhibit. Proving house painters also can show lucky streaks. The linotyper who set it "Bernard Shaw to Bardcast” probably had his own ideas of a good pun.

REASON

WE hope Gloria Swanson, poor working girl, has made ample provision to feed and clothe La Marquise de la Falaise et la Coudraye, from whom she has just filed suit for divorce. It's heart-rending to think of his being thrown upon his own resources. a Gloria is but a retailer as divorces go in Hollywood, this being only her third adventure. She ought to be very careful, for she's likely to catch a horrible cold, suddenly taking off such a large name at this season of year. a a a The framers of our Constitution would have saved our girls a lot of money if they had not forbidden the granting of titles of nobility. If an American girl simply must have a title, she should pick out a good, husky auctioneer, for all of them are colonels and they are guaranteed to wear a lot better than any titled foreigner. , ts a PROHIBITION CHIEF WOODCOCK announces that after this his department will go after the big violators of the Volstead law and let the little fellows go The only trouble about this is that it is coming rather late In the day. n m The eighteenth amendment has been handicapped from the beginning by the general feeling that whales were permitted to escape while the minnows were caught. Another peeve of the small violator has been the information that Secretary Mellon, long in charge of prohibition enforcement, had all he wanted in his cellar. a n We don't mean to say that 100.000.000 of our folks would have thrown their hats in the air and cheered themselves hoarse for prohibition if every fellow had got what was coming to him, regardless of his station in society, but the cause would have been a lot more popular. a a THE mayor of Anderson, Ind., is trying to accommodate revenues to expenditures by dismissing a number of firemen and policemen, the very last men who should be let go. 1716 way to economize in government is to let out the white collar boys. a a One of the very best ways to relieve unemployment would be for the government to build four paved highways across the country from the Atlantic to the Pacific. We need them for business and pleasure and they would be great assets in case of war. a a a They're having a real old-fashioned campaign down In New York, everybody calling everybody else a hone thief.

RY FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy

• SAYS.--

People Are Beginning to Doubt the Mid-Victorian Superstition That the Republican Party Holds a Grip on the Secret of Prosperity. Richmond, Oct. 29.—Like most in-between elections, this ’one seems to be turning largely on factional fights, local issues, or the apnea 1 of personalities. The idea of anything like a coherent victory for either side, much less a coherent expression of public opinion, though frequently mentioned, only proves the power of habit and the universal passion for excuse^ Congress may go Democratic or remain Republican, but heaven only knows whether it would act differently in either case. If Hemphill beats Pinchot in Pennsylvania, who can tell whether the wets or special privilege has triumphed? If Calvin Coolidge's William Butler noses out in Massachusetts, it will be a question not easily answered as to whether drys, or the old guard can claim credit. tt tt tt Two Good Shows THE most entertaining shows are being put on by “Alfalfa Bill” Murray in Oklahoma and “TomTom” Heflin in Alabama. Democrats are preparing to celebrate the almost certain victory of “Alfalfa Bill,” while they pray that he will not make too much of a monkey of himself afterwards. Democrats of equally good standing and the same political creed are working just as hard to retire Heflin from the senate, though they have been content to accept him as' an orthodox standard bearer for many years. Democrats in Louisiana are reconciling themselves to the awful responsibility of imposing Huey P. Long on a sorely afflicted country, though they are sicker over it than old maids on a freighter in midAtlantic. tt tt tt Help for J, Ham THE most dramatic contest is between Ruth Hanna McCormick and James Hamilton Lewis for the Illinois senatorship, considering that she is backed by the Chicago Tribune, and that Illinois is normally Republican by at least half a million, Mrs. McCormick ought to win hands down, but she will be singularly fortunate if she wins at all To begin with, Big Bill Thompson, Chicago's Republican mayor and boss of a machine that justly could be described as Tammany Hall in reverse, has come out against her, while Republican drys, whether from honest conviction, or because they were "influenced,” have put up Mrs. Lottie Holman O’Neil, who can be depended on to drag 100,000 or perhaps 150,000 votes away from the regular ticket. The irony of it is that, until the last few days, Mr. Lewis, the Democratic nominee, has been saying that Mrs. McCormick was the candidate of the Thompson and city hall crowd. Nor is he the least embarrassed at finding himself the recipient of that distinction. He can’t help it, you see, and why waste time pretending to be sorry over what one can’t help? * tt tt Morrow in Spotlight THE most Impressive personality thrown up by the seethe of our political cross rips is that of Dwight W. Morrow, running as wet Republican for senator in New Jersey. Since New Jersey is normally Republican and abnormally wet, the chances are that Mr. Morrow’s election was assured, when he received the nomination after his straightforward demand for repeal of the eighteenth amendment.. But something more is required to explain the landslide which obviously is forming back of him. He is a thoughtful, brainy man who has proved his capacity to get things done. The fact that he could come up through such a hodgepodge as we have been in, and that the plain people recognize him for what he was the moment he appeared, is doubly reassuring. New Jersey is to be congratulated. It was almost too much to expect that she could give the country a Morrow so soon after having given it a Wilson, but that seems to be the good news. tt tt a The People Awaken UNDERNEATH the more or less inchoate, confused, and inconsistent jargon to which the present campaign has degenerated, certain definite trends are forming that promise to be of nation-wide significance. First, there is the rapidly growing sentiment against federal prohibition; second, people are beginning to doubt the mid-Victorian superstition that the Republican party holds a mortgage on the secret of prosperity; third, a sharp cleavage is developing between the so-called progressive and conservative elements in each of the old parties. Certain Democrats and Republicans are too much alike to stay apart, while large groups in each puty are too divergent in their v: ews to stay together. Men with ability to lead not only ■w ill recognize, but be guided, by t iese trends, and you can pick them by that one fact.

Questions and Answers

Where and what is the Adler planetarium? It Is the first observatory of its kind, recently opened in Chicago. It is the gift to the city of Chicago of Max Adler, a retired bu ines_ man, who believes in the cultural value of astronomy. A concrete building with copper dome, that cost $1,000,000, is located on an artificial island in Lake Michigan. The director is Professor Philip Fox. What country issnes a coin called the groat? Great Britain. The coin is equivalent to four pence, or 8 cents in our currency. 4 - ■ In what month of th year are the greatest number of births in the United Btate? According to the United States Bureau of Census the birth rate is highest in March, based on records from 1916 to 1930.

PS-S-T MAYBE. / WE’D BETTER MOT % SHOOT ’TIL HE HOLES % \ \ OUT- IT MIGHT CRAMP J Hi£ STYLE/ &

Child’s Sleep Disorders idied

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. ACCORDING to Dr. Hector Cameron of London there are four types of disordered sleep in childhood —sleeplessness and continued crying in young infants, sleeplessness in older children, night terrors and bed-wetting at night. For sleeplessness and continued crying in young infants Dr. Cameron considers three factors responsible —pain, inherited nervous state and bad management of the child. Among the causes of pain is the swallowing of air in feeding which dilates the intestines. The infant who has an inherited excitable nervous system is stimulated easily and difficult to control.

IT SEEMS TO ME

IWISH that I were not on so many sucker lists. Eveiy mail brings in suggestions of stock I ought to buy and offers me a chance at vacant lots now selling for a song. But I have not taken these. There is not a single mine or real estate development supported by my funds. This is not supposed to be a boast of shrewdness and business acumen. The truth is that I have no funds. I'd like to have some to prove how logical I could be in spite of all temptation. The publicity of most fantastic schemes seems to me something less than persuasive. If anybody promises to double my capital I can still afford to laugh. If I know my mathematics the answer to that operation would remain just zero, even if the offer involved a tripling of the cash on hand. But if I were actually solvent I still feel it might be possible to resist such appeals as suggested vast profits and also surety. We of the small investors’ group are not necessarily idiotic. Whenever a return of more than 50 or 60 per cent is suggested we know there must be some attendant risk. If I were running visionary mines, all the advertising copy would be built around the definite proposal that this was something in which the adventurer might lose all or make a fortune. All these transactions in the shadowland are flies and spinners for the gambling element, which is universal. And if there is no chance of disaster there is no thrill. >t a tt Risking All ASIDE fsom the fact that we have sense enough to realize the nonexistence of sure things we are sufficiently romantic not to desire many such easy victories. There is more fun in playing two pair hard than sitting back and plodding through a part, thrice armored with a straight flush. Indeed, few people have told me that with such a hand they would not play for any comrade’s chips, but would at once show down the cards too strong for competition. Such an attitude seems to me a shade excessive. Probably I would bet just once rather than dishonor a fate quite so propitious. And still I do enjoy the agony which comes to us who play for stakes above our heads. Tire man who never gambles for more than he can afford has missed one of the most painful of life’s ecstasies. Not, you understand, that I would present myself as a good loser. Such a picture would pot be true, nor would it seem admirable to me. In poker, golf and life in general I like the people who beef when the tide goes against them. The value of competitive athletics is that they take the place of slaughter. Golf, tennis, squash and handball have come into favor directly with the decline in dueling. There is no point in stabbing somebody in the midriff if you can obtain the same sensation by sinking a long putt on the last green. m m n ‘Shouts and Murmurs’ BUT since this is so, I hold there is folly in the pretense of such defeated folk who maintain they do and that they merely went

Taking No Chances!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

The overanxious mother makes the situation worse by her constant attention. For such a mother it is well to point out that the Indian squaw puts her baby on her back and pays no attention to it for hours. If the child is too greatly encouraged to sleep, it becomes fixed on the subject. It is much better to put a child to bed and to take it for granted that it will fall asleep at once without further attention. It is understood that the ventilation will be sufficient; the child will be warm, but not perspiring, that it will not be too tired, but that it will have had sufficient exercise during the day to want some rest. The child who regularly wets the

around the course for air and exercise. At such times, now remote, as I gained any victories in athletic endeavor I greatly desired to hear shouts and murmurs upon the part of the vanquished. Religiously I chose as adversaries men who would condemn the course, comment upon my luck and curse at the entire order of the universe in adversity. What, may I ask, is the fun of playing against anybody who insists upon calling out, "Well played!” and thrusting out a congratulatory hand at the earliest opportunity. In this matter I must insist that I live up to my own precepts. The rival who wins from me at anything will be regaled by a flood of complaints against the universe and all its machinations. In poker games I’m popular because I carry my own sackcloth and ashes to the gaming table. I have been known to growl at least two

Views of Times Readers

Editor Times—l am a fanatical dry. You see, I got that way by degrees and not overnight, when the Anti-Saloon League passed the eighteenth amendment and started to enforce the law. When 1 was a kid—back in 1910 or thereabouts—l am 28 now, I lived at New Albany, across from Louisville. There were a large number of saloons there, and I knew them all, for my father, who was a drinker, spent his money there, and when he did not come home at night, I went down (I was 8 years old then) and got him and brought him home to sleep it off. We children slept off our hungriness also, while the brewerymen had a big time with dad’s money. We ate beans and bread so the government could receive taxes to pay its bills and ours went unpaid and we went hungry. That was in the “good old days,” when Uncle Sam put his approval on the liquor traffic. And I remember hundreds of men in gutters and sick and silly in the saloons. I also knew other kids who would loved to have had nice clothes and good food, but Uncle Sam let the bartender sell beer and wine and whisky to men who had been made fools. Then in 1916 we moved to Ft. Wayne, which at that time had local option through the state law and was supposed to be protected by the authorities. Also in Ft. Wayne did I see hundreds of men who were drunken —in local option days, or rather state protection. It was against the law to sell beer and wine, as it also was against the law to bring it over from Ohio, but Payne, 0., did a thriving business. I have gone back to Wayne dozens of times in recent years and in all that time I have seen but one drunken man—in the days of federal prohibition. Now, as I said, I am a fanatical dry. So of course it will not interest you to hear of my observations and ideas, for by the tone of youi papers you have been swept away from national righteousness and progress and are advocating a return of pre-prohibition days—days that were controlled by the states, but days that were not prohibitive

bed leng after the period when it should have learned to control its bladder functions must be given special attention to find out the cause. In this study the mind is just as important, if not more so, than the physical condition. It is not well to surround the sleepless child with too many safeguards from noise and ordinary activities of the household. If the child sees this elaborate formula for its benefit, it soon will come to insist on these things which are, of course, unnecessary in the ordinary case. Obstruction of the nose by adenoids, by infection, or by a cold may be an Important factor in failure to sleep. Such conditions are curable by simple care.

Ideals and opinions expressed in tijis column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

DV HEYWOOD BROUN

hours after some particular disaster. The winner gets not only my money in due season, but my heart’s blood at the moment. a tt Amateur Spirit A ND for the reasons already -*•*- stated I much prefer professional sport to that which purely is amateur. An unnatural and dishonest code has been built up around the games which are not played for money. The boy at Harvard, Yale or Princeton is told he must die or break a leg for his alma mater until the final whistle blows, at which time he is supposed, in victory or defeat, to cheer for the other fellow and love him like a brother. That’s fine! But it can’t be done sincerely. I do not see the point in tributes wrung from hearts still full of hate and sorrow. (Copyright. 1930. by The Tlmeß)

because of the unborn public disapproval. You are advocating a return to the time when Uncle Sam will relieve great corporations of income tax only to saddle heavy burdens of liquor consumption upon the American public—by putting Uncle Sam’s stamp of approval upon a traffic that never can be regulated. The only way for the traffic to be regulated is to relegate it to the dark ages when intelligence and keen mindedness were not at premium. Why should v/e have alcohol? What good does it do? How many homes does it make happy? How many keen minded scholars are born of homes in which King Alcohol reigns? How many bank accounts will it build for the American workingman? How many children will it feed in homes where the father is addicted to it? Liquor has been king in the United States every since the country was founded. Her fiber has been interwoven with the stuff for the simple reason that he had not fully grown into manhood —but now that liberty has grown and we believe in real freedom —not license —it is time for liquor to be dethroned. But, with her age old respectability, is it any wonder that in ten years miracles have not been performed? Because prohibition has been placed in the hands and control of men who are sometimes playing politics and allow corruption to creep in, is no reason at all why prohibition is not a good thing. Mr. Editor, you have a high trust placed within your care. You can take sides with rackets, rum and vice or you can champion the cause oT advancement and public welfare. Will you betray that sacred trust placed within your hands by virtue of your office, or will you do honor to it? You perhaps will find that in the long run it will nay you to ally yourself with decent citizens in upholding and demanding respect lor all law, or you will find yourself swept away in a tide of communism and revolution which has no respect for any law. GEORGE H. BRUCE, Kokomo, Ind.

.OCT. |

SCIENRi

BY DAVID DIETZ

Kepler Honored by Science for Giving World His Great Laws of Planetary Motions. SCIENTITS this year are observing the tercentenary of the death of one of the greatest figures in the history of science. He was Johannes Kepler, the German astronomer, who first formulated the laws of the nmtions of the solar system. He was born in 1571 and died in 1630. His story is one of the most Interesting in the annals of science. Modern astronomy—some historians even would say modern civ-ilization-started with the publication in 1543 of "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium.” The Latin title means "On the Revolutions of Celestian Spheres.” Its author was the Polish monk ; Copernicus. In the book, Copernicus set forth the theory that the planets revolved around the sun. For the preceding sixteen centuries the Ptolemaic theory that the sun and planets circled around the earth had held sway. Copernicus, however, did not have any adequate knowledge of the true orbits of the planets. The next important figure upon the scene is Tycho Brahe, the great Danish observer, who made more accurate observations of the planets than had been made by any astronomer up to that time. Near the end of his life, Tycho sent for Kepler to become his assistant. and through analysis of Tycho’s observations, Kepler deduced his great laws of planetary motions. a a *t Contrast to Tycho KEPLER joined Tycho in 1559. He was a contrast to Tycho in every way. Tycho was the son of a nobleman, a man of wealth, and a man of forceful action and fiery temper. He lost the top of his nose in a duel and went through the rest of his life wearing a nose of metal. Kepler was poor and in ill health most of his life. His e r es were weak and he was utterly unsuited to carry on such observations of the heavens as Tycho was engaged in making. But when Tycho died in 1601, Kepler undertook to analyze his observations to see what they proved about the motions of the solar system. Kepler was equipped to do this, for he was one of the most skilled mathematicians of his time. In 1609—the same year that Galileo built his first little telescope— Kepler published his results, since known to the world of science as Kepler’s laws. First of all, he set down the fact which was the foundation stone of all accurate study of the solar system, the fact that the planets revolved around the sun, not in perfect circles, but in flattened circles known as ellipses. Next he showed that there was a relationship between the speed with which a planet went around the sun and its distance from the sun. A planet did not travel with a constant speed, but a variable one, the speed being greater when the planet was in that part of the ellipse where It was nearer to the sun. a a a World Harmonies IN 1618, he arrived at his third law, which was published in 1619 in a book called "Harmonices mundj,” a Latin title meaning "Harmonies of the World.” This law showed a relationship among the planets which, while rather involved, was exceedingly interesting. It stated that the squares of the times of the revolution of any two planets around the sun bore the same ratio to each as did the cubes of their average distances from the sun. As Professor Florinan Cajori has written, "Kepler’s discoveries were made in the face of every form of discouragement—frail health, financial embarrassments, war conditions and family troubles. The achievement of great results under great difficulties entitles him to a place among the immortals.” Kepler and Galileo, as already noted, were contemporaries. While Kepler was making his studies of planetary motions, Galileo was carrying on his great work with the telescope, discovering the mountains on the moon, the phases of Venus, the four moons of Jupiter, the unique nature of Saturn, and the true nature of the Milky Way. Between the two of them, they established the Copernican theory upon a firm foundation and paved the way for modern scientific research.

RALEIGH’S EXECUTION Oct. 29

ON Oct. 29, 1618, Sir Wafer Raleigh, English courtier, navigator and man of letter, was executed at the Tower in Westminster. Though a .great favorite with Queen Elizabeth, In wh<i*> reign he fitted out an expedition which' resulted in the discovery and temporary occupation of Virginia, Raleigh never won the favor of King James, who succeeded to the throne on the death of Elizabeth. James, fro mthe first, regarded Raleigh with suspicion and dislike. Raleigh was accused of complicity in a plot against the king and was sentenced to death. James, however, did not venture to execute, and Raleigh instead was sent to the tower, where for thirteen years he remained a prisoner. During his imprisonment he devoted himself to literary pursuits, and wrote his History of the World. In 1616 Raleigh procured his release and sailed for Guiana. Upon his return, two years later, he was arrested and executed, nominally by virtue of the former sentence. It was through Raleigh that the potato and tobacco, which he found in Virigiria, were introduced into England.

Daily Thought

The truth shall make you free. —St. John 8:32. Abstract truth is the eye of reason.—Rousseau. Under what President did James Rudolph Garfield serve as secretary of the interior? President Roosevelt.