Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 140, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 October 1930 — Page 6

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AMD

Coffinism Desperate The ily way to get rid of an evil is to destroy it completely. This applies to evils of government with the same force that it does to evils of industry or evils in personal habit. The Republican who votes this fall to permit Coffinism to retain a foothold in this c ounty is petting a baby python. Coffinism is desperate. From the boss down to the last protected cog in the machine it is well understood that if Coffinism loses, as it lost in the school and the city campaigns, real Republicans with some reverence for the 1 raditions of Lincoln and Roosevelt will supplant the vicious machine which stole the banner of that party in the halcyon days of Stephenson and since has controlled the party label and prostituted its principles for personal gain and special privilege. There are a few key positions which Coffinism must control. That vicious system no longer fears the prosecutor. It has found him too weak to be formidable. . Therefore, it is using him vicariously to perfume the malodorous part of its ticket, which it really wants. Coffinism needs control of the criminal courts. It can get along with the criminal judge and sheriff. That means the power to give indulgences for crime. That means patronage. That means ready-made lists of paroled men for election officials in dubious wards. When Judge Collins thought he detected a rising tide of anger against Coffinism, and broke with the machine, he very promptly was obliterated in the primary, “Which,” said one grand jury, “was saturated with fraud.” His fate shows how Coffinism works. Coffinism needs the power to distribute favors. The probate court has been a lucrative source of fees for favorite lawyers, for which creditors and stockholders of bankrupt concerns paid. But, most of all, Coffinism must control the cash-box. That is why it is fighting to control the county council and the county commissioners. These bodies spend the people’s money. The record of control under Coffinism has been one of extreme extravagance. If- there were any reason for the independent citizen or the real Republican to drive Coffinism out of the public schools and the city hall, there is five times the reason to drive it from Tie courthouse. This is the final st. nd of that vicious system ushered in by ). C. Stephenson, and perpetuated locally under the name of Coffinism. Defeat this fall means the chance for a ♦ * new day. Triumph for Coffinism is so appalling in its possibilities as to be unthinkable.

Germany’s Close Margin There is much rejoicing in this country and abroad over the temporary parliament victory of the Bruening government in Germany. Properly so. Defeat of the democratic and liberal coalition by the extreme national!; s under the Chauvinist leadsiohip of Hitler’s Fascisti might have precipitated near-chaos m Germany at a moment when European peace is less table than at any other time since the armistice. But any optimism over the close margin cf which Germany has obtained another peaceful breathing >pell must be tempered by disagreeable facts. Those facts are that Germany—virtually all ot Germany, including the people, the industrialists and the politicians—is determined to get a further modification of reparation payments and to enforce the Versailles treaty pledge for partial allied disarmament. We believe these German demands are justified on grounds of econcmic expediency and of political fair play. But whether justified or not, gratification of these demands is the price of peace in Germany itsell and in Europe. The Fascist movement in Germany has grown to dangerous proportions just because the democraticliberal governments ot Berlin have been unable lo meet these popular demands. Unless the former allied governments soon lighten Germany's economic burden by reducing reparations, and unless they begin to cam- out their part of the bargain to disarm as they disarmed Germany, a Fascist dictatorship in Berlin with an avowed war policy is only a question of time. Less Talk, More Action There seems to be a lot of needless delay in getting the federal unemployment relief plans under way. Secretary of Commerce Lamont Monday postponed until today the first meeting of the President's new cabinet committee oh unemployment. At the same ilme Lamont, who is chaiiman of the committee, explained that it would act only in a preliminary capacity to prepare the way for some more permanent organization. Considering that the depression began to be apparent from government statistics of production about a year and a half ago, and that the stock market crash occurred a year ago, the time for so-called preliminary measures is long past. If the administration has anything definite in mind in the way of emergency relief, the less talk nd more action the better. So far as we can see, there is not much point in ; rusting the matter to this cabinet committee. In :act, these same busy cabinet officers have had the problem on their doorsteps for many jLior.ths without doing anything about it—except to I&ny the seriousness of the situation. is particularly true of Lamont and Secretary HL&bor Davis. Davis these days is devoting most time to the Pennsylvania r*>litical campaign, ara&ie one important immediate step which the fedjjMMLovemment can take to provide jobs for the unand provide orders for industries is to its public construction plans and its road HSsßji program. This step should have btMi taken • VarJi - .-v ' '•

The Indianapolis Times (A SCKI I'l‘K.HOn AKU NEKhPAPERt * Owned and published dally (except Sundayl by 'i be Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 2H-2-0 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. !ud. Price In Marlon County, 2 rent* a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—dellrered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. HOY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager IH>)X g- -It I ley 5551 TUESDAY, OCT. 21, 1930. Member of United Press, bcripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper information Service and Audit Bureau'of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

long ago. No prolonged committee discussion is needed now. Second, the administration can reverse its ill-ad-vised opposition to the Wagner bills for federal staggering of public works, for federal employment statistics, and for a co-ordinated system of federal and state employment -changes. These minimum measures, which carry out recommendations of the Hoover unemployment commission of 1922 and other official boards of inquiry, should be enac J as soon as congress meets. To cope with the wide suffering of the unemployed and part-time workers and their families during the hard Winter ahead, the President should appoint a national commission to co-operate with national relief agencies and with the states and municipalities which necessarily will carry most of the burden. Why wait for this special cabinet committee to waste another month, talking about what Lamont calls preliminaries, when a working national relief ’ commission should be appointed and be on the job now?

Silent Battles Will the steady but silent march of population changes upset the balance of political power in Europe as no war or series of wars ever has done? Northern Europe has been supreme since the decay of the Roman empire. Geographical expansion and economic changes have played into the hands of these states and made them and their colonies masters of the world. Will future differences in population growth transform this old historic set-up and restore dominion to the south and east of Europe, where it lay for so many centuries before the rise of France, Germany and England? Such is the question raised by Dr. Louis Dublin in an incisive article in the New York Times. The wars of the past have been won on the battlefields or in the factories and mines. Old-time wars were fought for the extension of boundaries, geographical expansion and political prestige. But, after all, ultimate power lies in part in the size of the population, unless the material culture of the more densely populated states is disproportionately lower than that of the sparsely settled areas. Little New York state is more powerful than the vast Nevada. Natural resources, rapid industrialization and other factors made for rapid growth in the population of northern Europe from 1750 to 1900. The progress of medical science there kept the death rate lower than elsewhere. But a change is setting in. The birth rate is declining greatly in this area in our twentieth century. In the British Isles, the Scandinavian countries, the new Baltic states, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium and France the birth rate has dropped to less than 20 par 1,000. In 1900 Germany had a birth rate of 6 per cant higher than that of France. Today it is but 2 pe • cent higher. On the other hand, the birth rate in southern and eastern Europe is relatively high. That of Italy is 26.1 per 1,000; of Spain and Greece 30; of the Ukraine 37.8; of the remainder of Russia 44.4. Os course, the death rate also is higher here, due to inferior medical service and living conditions, but it is by no means high enough to offset the markedly higher birth rate. This means that in several decades the balance of power in Europe may be shifted more decisively by population changes than it has been by the battles of the last half century. ■*' This may produce important results in international relations. These southern and eastern states seemingly are more prone to ‘War in recent times than those of northwestern Europe. With high population pressure added, they may constitute "an increased menace to European peace. Further, if they combine with a dense population mechanical efficiency in producing the munitions of war, it may mean the passing of the military hegemony of Europe from northwest to southwest. Constantinople once more may become the capital of the world. Best of all,’ said King Alfonso of Spain recently, “I like to drive my little two-seater Ford.” That is what foreign correspondents meant, perhaps, when they referred to the rumbling of a Spanish revolution. Druggists at a recent convention favored excluding bathing suits and auto tires from their sales iines. What with a profitable sandwich and book trade, maybe they regard other commodities as drugs on the market.

REASON by f~cK

TF you would realize how fast we are going in this , ;’. ear - P leas e notice that the trans-Atlantic flight °* lumbia attracted only passing attention. it didn't begin to compare with Pola Negri's appli - cation for divorce. tt a tt Captain Robert Dollar, the steamship man, returns from the Orient and says that China is sufiering from too much silver and too much civil war. peo’ilp 6 S suflcring also from a surplus of dope and an a The University of Pittsburgh soon will be housed * n anew forty-two story building. The graduate of such a steel and concrete" alma V^’° u . ld .. have throw a great many drinks naer his oelt to arouse any tender memories. a U a Mr. Wickersham's crime commission is /"ordering what makes poor men become bandits, it should take a day off and wonder what makes rich men and women become smugglers. it a tt We've never been a member of a crime commission and never expect to be. but it’s our own private opinion that a lot of common people turn to crime because a lo; of leading citizens are crooks and because a lot oi statesmen are crooks. u a Mr. J. Reuoen Clark* of Salt Lake City, who has just been appointed to take Dwight Morrow's place down in Mexico, has his work cut out for him. The least Morrow' can do is to give him a box of his magic salre. tt a tt TWO THOUSAND children in Brooklyn cheered firemen as they lifted a thirty-flve-foot ladder and rescued two canaries from the third floor fa burning building Human nature doesn't change with the population of the place where it resides. .... n b a if anything there's mere _ excitement over small things in New York City than there is in Lick Skillet We remember one day on lower Broadway in New York City when traffic was congested by the crowd which assembled to see a dog try to charm a cat out of a tree in St Paul's churchyard tt tt * a Prohibition Director Woodcock says he will not not wink at wine making in California. The trouble with many of our prohibition officers is not. that they wink at law violation; they shut both eyes jP-

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SA YS:

Other Things Being Equal, the Time Is Right for a Change of Administration in This Country. A DEMOCRATIC house and probably a Democratic senate, says Chairman Shouse, which still leaves ! everyone free to write his own ticket. There are historical grounds for ; discounting 1 ’ such optimism as a matter of habit, but that is only part of the problem. However wild!ly Democratic leaders may have shot in the past to keep up the morale. They have certain facts with them this trip. The most important fact is that quite a few people have changed their minds since 1928 and largely because of what they have been taught by Republicans. You can’t make prosperity the deciding point, without taking it both ways. The Republicans find themselves forced to take it the other way just now. The chances are that it doesn’t taste so good, but they should have thought of that before. tt a tt Taste Own Medicine FOR the last ten years, Republicans have told us to vote according to business conditions. It sounded fine, because business was good and they were in power. They talked the stuff so long that they got to believing business could not be otherwise, except they were put out of power, which merely was overplaying a hunch. No doubt, they have learned their lesson, but it-comes too late for this particular election. Two years ago, millions of people voted the Republican ticket because they thought it meant continued prosperity. This year they are going to do something else, .because they know it didn’t. a o a Bright for Democrats FROM a purely political standpoint, the situation is the brightest Democrats have faced since 1916. They need only to make reasonably good use of it to elect a President two years hence. That brings up questions which can not be answered with agreeable predictions, or equally agreeable platitudes. Suppose the Democrats have sufficient headway in November to suggest the possiblity that they can win in 1932; how would they tackle the proposition? Would they be content to beat the Republicans, no matter by what methods, or would they prefer to stand for something definite and constructive? Would they pick a candidate because he had been too colorless to offend any one, or would they pick a real leader, no matter on whose toes he had stepped? Would they still play the supine, negative role of opposition, taking their cues from what the Republicans had done, or had failed to do, or would they formulate a program of their own? a tt Time for Change OTHER things being equal, the time is right for a change of administration in this country. What sense is there in a democracy if one party stays in power all the while, or even too long a w r hile? No sense at all. But there is even less in putting a party in power if it can’t do anything but find fault. The Republican party has a scheme of things, even if it isn’t so good, and the Democratic party used to have one. Os late years, ! however, the Democratic party has seemed more than satisfied to Ist Republicans take the initiative, while it played the role of critic. Clever as that may be from the standpoint of practical politics, it lacks the necessary substance to build a going concern. The Democratic party has not been a going concern since Woodrow Wilsbn passed out of the picture, and it became a going concern only by accepting his leadership. tt tt Gets the Breaks AN unfortunte turn of the wheel, coupled with an amazing amount of stupidity on the party of Republican leaders, gives the Democratic party a lucky break, but it can't bet on either for ever so short a time as two years. No matter how well it does in electing representatives and senators this fall, it must have something better to depend on than a drought, or a Grundy tariff bill, if it expects to get anywhere two years hence. And it can have plenty by doing no more than taking advantage of its opportunities. By doing no more than assuming the natural responsibil ties of a great party. There is tlje eighteenth amendment, for instances, what about it? There * are power, farm relief, the Philippines. Latin-America, the world court—what about them? It is not the winning of an election which counts for so muchj*it’s what those who win do afterward, as the Hoover administration plainly proves.

Questions and Answers

Is coal produced in Latin America? What are the chief domestic fuels of Latin American countries? The countries in Latin America that produce coal are Mexico, Chile Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela. Chile and Mexico produce practically enough for their own requirements. Brazil supplies about 20 per cent of her needs. Fuel oil is mainly used by railroads and industries and wood and charcoal are the chief domestic fuels in all Latl" American countries. What does Ph. D. stand for? Doctor of Philosophy, one of the oldest college degrees and the highest academic honor in the field of research in philosophy. If a person was born on the Saturday after Tom Kippur in 1910, what would be the date according to the Christian calendar? Oct. 15, 1910. Did Lon Chaney appear in the silent version of “The Unholy Three”? He starred in that motion picture in 1925. Whatjtts the par value of the Ru?fljdffyble in 1900? was 51.46 cents. ,

Burning His Candle at Both Ends

\ }• \l. \ v' \ h C — M ■ z

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE 'Head Banging’ by Child Is Puzzle

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. NOT infrequently an apparently normal and healthy child or infant when first put to bed wall beat his head against the pillow or sides of the crib so hard that actual bruises will appear on the side of the head. In other cases, the child when put to bed will roll the head violently from side to side, so severely as to develop a bald spot on the back of the head. On many occasions specialists in diseases of children have considered the cause of this phenomenon, but apparently have been unable to find any definite basis for it. It has been accredited to rickets, painful teething, bad nutrition, irritation of the bowels, infection in the ear and more recently to adenoids. Dr. Alfred Hand, discussing the subject before the American Pedi-

IT SEEMS TO ME BY H BROUN D

EVERY year about this time I write a football column concerning Harvard and Princeton. Occasionally it's the same column. But I find I’ve lost the clipping. I can remember only the gist of it. My motive is a sllfish one. In recent years the radio has discouraged the attendance of one particular rooter. New Haven is a long way to carry a pocket flask, and there's always a jam at Princeton Junction. Why go to Cambridge if that town can be brought to you? Mahomet had the right idea. Os course, this is not a reference to the pocket flask. The attitude of us stay-at-homes is profoundly egotistic. If everybody stayed at home and listened to the broadcast of Ted Husing or Graham McNamee there wouldn't be any concerted cheering or college songs. Not unless Mr. McNamee and Mr. Husing get together. nun By Courtesy of— IN the not too distant future it may be necessary for some toothpaste or other to sponsor all the football classics. It then will be up to the advertiser to supply the local color. The colleges, I assume, will continue to supply the teams with the help of generous and active alumni. As yet there are plenty of people willing to brave the railroad journey and the elements while I stay home in a steam-heated room and get all the fun out of the affair without stirring for anything more than another ice cube. I have come to believe that football is far more vivid when you don t see it. But for me there now exists only one contest a year which commands my complete and undivided enthusiasm. My whole heart goes only into hearing Yale and Harvard. It is fun to listen while Notre

Short Story Writing Nearly every one, sometime in his life feels an urge to write, own experience or these of othrs frquntly prompt th thought: "That would make a good story ’ And naturally, we want to write it ourselves. From such promptings the prolific literature of today arises. Our Washington Bureau has ready for you a bulletin, SHORT STORY WRITING It can not make a writer out of you if you have no talent, imagination, persistence or ability in that line. On the other hand, story writing is not so difficult as it s sometmes made to appear. Our bulletn on the subject will give you much fundamental information on how to go about this work. You will find it interesting, informative and helpful. It contains information, too, on where and how to market your stories. Fill out the coupon belw and se’.d for it: CLIP COUFON HERE DEPARTMENT 100, Washington Bureau The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. G. I want a ccpy of the bulleti SHORT STORY WRITING, and inclose herewith five cents in coin, or locse. uncancelled United States postage stamps to cover return postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NO • CITY | STATE , . I am a daily reader of The Indianapolis Times. No.)

atric Society, feels convinced that the most constant source of irritation is obstruction of breathing caused by adenoids, which is especially severe when the head is low. Under these circumstances the nasal secretions tend to accumulate and the child makes the movements to try to free the air passages. When the adenoids are removed, the symptoms usually clear up, although the rolling and banging of the head may continue if there is chronic congestion of the nose, due to chronic cold or infection of the sinuses or due to irritation from an erupting tooth. In further consideration of the subject, Dr. Max Seham expressed the view that there may be mental causes for this disturbance as well as physical causes. Thus a 3-year-old child who stantly bit his lips first began the habit when he had chapping of the lips as result of cold or infection of

Dame runs up and down the field against some strong opponent, but it doesn’t really grip my pulses. I want to be stirred more than once a year, and so for my sake, I wish Harvard and Princeton would get together. tt tt tt Source THERE were scores of young men in New Jersey who worked their way through by tending to the furnace and betting against Harvard. And betting against Harvard was both easier and surer. President Hoover himself might almost step in 'and suggest a resumption of relations as one way to relieve unemployment and heighten the buying power of Princetonians. Before the break, all the homes of the sons of Nassau were luxuriously furnished. One could note rich rugs, fur r oats, and electric pianos. Sometimes even a book. One Tiger whom I knew before the break (naturally our friendship has been severed by the civil war) supported a grandmother and two aunts by parleying his bets against Harvard. It seems to be a tragic thing that these fine old ladies must now go hungry because of petty pride. At the moment they are forced to live on the income of a very average Princeton graduate. tt a it High Hat PRINCETON, as I understand it, felt that Harvard was too high hat. Whether or not this complaint is well founded makes very little difference. Harvard was, at the very best, a symbol. And out of this idea came great benefits to young men who wore the orange and the black. Thousands and thousands of Princetonians have gone out into the world freed from the inferiority

the nose. When these conditions were prevented, the child promptly stopped the lip biting. In two cases cf head banging the children were made to sleep soundly for seven nights in a row by the use of proper sedative drugs; they were then taken home from the hospital and a similar treatment was continued for two more weeks. During that time the head rolling stopped and thereafter did not return. Dr. Charles G. Kerley thought that in some instances head rolling was due to the fact that children had been rocked to sleep in an oldfashioned rocking chair and that when put to sleep in the crib they missed the rocking and therefore rocked themselves. Certainly when this symptom occurs, the child’s habits should be studied carefully and if its physical condition is brought to par and the exciting cause removed, the symptom will disappear.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those ot one ot America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this oaner.—The Editor.

complex because of the peculiar efficacy which Tiger teams had against the Crimson. And this was salutary, because, as a matter of fact, the Princetonian who feels inferior is suffering only by the kindest stretch of the imagination from a complex. It should be unnecessary to point cut the benefits gained by thousands who never made Coach Roper's squad. When James gets loose the most meager freshman in the cheering section is also free and hellbent for glory. “Hold ’em!” shout the undergraduates in the stand, and as they cry out they brace their legs against the concrete and all the muscles are rigid and tense. (Copyright, 1930. by The Times!

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—A day or two ago I read in your paper a part of a speech of President Hoover, inviting people to suggest a way to remedy unemployment. Allow me to make a suggestion. I came here from Europe in 1872, when almost everything was hand work, not much machinery, when eight hours or often a much longer period constituted a day’s work. Now nearly everything is done by machines, which do the work of from ten-to twenty men. Those who are fortunate enough to have jobs, work as many or more hours than we did sixty years ago. Is it any wonder that, people are out of work and the penitentiaries are too small? I wish to tell Mr. Hoover that my idea of relieving unemployment is to have a national six-hour day of work and forbid any one to work for wages more than six hours, or put him in jail. There is no worse mode of robbery than to deprive one of a chance to work. AN OLD WORKER. ( Editor Times—The officers of om good state, of Indiana have premised to help all concerned in the drought-stricken counties, including , the farmer. Nearly three months j have passed and nothing has been done. Theye were going to do something by building roads and giving the farmer jobs. They will wait until the roads are impassable and bad weather sets in Then the next excuse will be “We can not do anything on account of the baa weather ” I say for one taxpayer that if you are going to do anything, start and do it at once and then figure after it is done. They can do theif studying ir. bad weather, but you can not build roads and help the drought-stricken people in baa weather.. J. W. M’FADDEN. R. R. 3, Box 4. Is the tody of President Lincolp’s widow buried It his tomb? They are buried side by side in Oak Ridge cemetery, a mile and a half north of Springfield, 111. A beautiful monument marka> the grave.

.OCT. 21, 1930

SCIENCE -BY DAVID DIETZ—-

Anatomist Can Tell Man'i Age by the “Music” of Hii Bones. SKULLP and bones speak a language which Dr. T. Wingate Todd, world-famous anatomist, cat* understand. He has been able, fronl the examination of skeletons taker* from ure ancient tombs of Chaldea, to tell in many cases the age aft which a king or queen died, tha malady which brought on death, and somers {he diseases suffered earlier in life. He has made similar studies with Egyptian mummies. Milton wrote of the “music of the spheres,” an ancient erroneous iderthat the planets made sweet music as they revolved through the heavens. But Dr. Todd will tell you about the - “music of the bones," which is real. “Did you know that you can tell a man's age by the music of bones?” Dr. Todd says with a smile. “Well, if you pick up one of the bones and let it drop, the ‘music* will tell you how old the man was. “At different periods, the texture of the bone changes, and the particular ring it gives off is an indication of its texture. From that you can determine the age." On a recent visit to England. Dr. Todd established the authenticity of a skull at the British museum believed to nave been that of Lord Damley, the murdered second husband of Mary, queen of Scots, and the father of James I of England. “The skull was that of a man of 22, just Darnley’s age when he was murdered. ' he says. “From comparison with known pieces of his skeleton, I believe it to be thry genuine skull.”

Chief Interest T"\R. TODD'S cnief interest, however, is in the living and nod the dead. Just as the skeleton is the framework of the body, so he regards th® study of anatomy as the fundamental framework of the study of man, At the preseint time he is professor of anatomy at the Western Reserve University Medical School of Cleveland, director of the museum of the medical school, and director! of the Brush foundation. The Brush foundation, which was endowed by the late Charles F. Brush, famous sicentist and inventor of the arc lamp, is devoted to the study of the problems of race betterment. Under its direction, a five-year program known as the Brush* inquiry is being carried on. This is an examination, both phvsical and psychological of Cleveland school children to discover and evaluate the influence of heritage in the lives of these children. By heritage, the foundation means the combination of heredity and parental influence during the early years of life. The Brush foundation recently arranged a two-day conference cf leading scientists in Cleveland to discuss the perplexing problems of adolescence. It is hoped that this conference will encourage research work throughout the nation into this important question. tt tt a Born in England Dr. TODD was born in Sheffield, England, on Jan. 15, 1885. He received his professional training a b Manchester university. He served as demonstrator in anatomy at Manchester in 1907 and 1908 and as house surgeon of the Manchester Royal infirmary in 1909 and 1910 From 1910 to 1912 he was associated in research work with Sir Aithur Keith, Great Britain’s mosft famous anthropologist. In 1912 Dr. Todd went to Western Reserve university, where he assumed the position which he now occupies. During the war he was a captain in the medical corps of the Canadian army, being the oificer in charge of surgery at th® base hospital at London,'Ontario. He is the author of nearly tw<B hundred articles dealing with his own researches and with scientific problems. His writings have won praise for their literary excellent-® as well as their scientific value. Under Dr. Todd’s direction, t lie museum at the Reserve Medical school has built up the largest collection of anthropoid apes in tha United States and one of the most: complete collections of material foe anatomical research. He left surgery for anatomical research, he said on one occasion, because he “realized that much of om treatment in surgery was empirical. I wanted the opportunity for clinical research.”

HIXTSSSSia. ißiWe—tjfcnjojpf.

BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR Oct. 21

ON Oct. 21, 1805, Napoleon gave up whatever plans he had of invading England when the allied French and Spanish fleets verq defeated badly by Lord Nelson, British admiral, off Cape Trafalgar. The victory not only gave England a memorable naval victory but prestige on the seas, which it has since maintained. Tire day before the battle, the allied fleet of thirty-three ships ventured to put to sea, but they were met by Nelson with twenty-seven ships. The British admiral previously had watched their maneuvers and sensed their movements immediately. Before the fight started, Nelson gave his famous signal “England expects that every man will do his duty.” After a desperate fight, eighteen of the enemy ships were captured and the rest dispersed. Nelson was wounded mortally and his last words were, “Thank God, I have done my duty.’’ The importance of Nelson's victory may be had from this appreciation: “At Trafalgar they (the allied fleet 0 had plenty of room to maneuve: . . , yet they could not escape, such was the paralyzing effect of Nelson’s tactics . . . Nelson nad solved a problem that had puzzled British admirals for a century—namely, how to prevent the French making off while most of their fleet was still more or less intact. For this reason Trafalgar is regarded as the greatest of nav?l battles, and Nelson as the greatest of admirals.”