Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 132, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 October 1930 — Page 4

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Utility Regulation Fails It 1* time, say students of economics, with convincing unanimity, to face the fact that regulation of public utilities Is a failure. A year ago this judgment had not emerged from the gathering clouds that surrounded regulation. Today there is little*, dissent from It. But what is the reason for the failure, and what is to be done about it? Two authorities have attempted recently to answer these questions. Felix Frankfurter, professor of administrative law in Harvard Law school, writing in the current number of the Yale Review, lays the blame for failure of regulation first of all upon the courts. John H. Gray, head of the economics department of American university, reached the same conclusion in an address before the Academy of Political Science. ‘ The heart of the difficulty is the current judicial approach to utility valuation,’' says Frankfurtrer. "Out of the constitutional provision safeguarding property against deprivation without due process of law, the supreme court has evolved a doctrine that a utility is entitled to a fair return on its present value, and value must be ascertained by giving weight, among other things, to estimates of what it would cost to reproduce the property at the time of the rate hearing.” He continues: “No Judicial pronouncements upon matters fundamentally economic run so counter to the views of economists as do the more recent utterances of the supreme court upon present value. They are based upon unrealities, are financially unsound, and lead to uncertainty and speculation. The socalled rules set the regulating agencies an impossible task.” Gray, voicing the same thought, says “there can be no effective regulation so long as valuation by any method is its basis.” Frankfurter and Gray agree that the recent rapid growth in interconnected utility systems Is the second serious obstacle confronting regulation. Holding companies are practically immune from law, Frankfurter points out; and no state, at least, is able to exercise an effective grip upon them. Finally. Frankfurter adds, “the whole scheme of utility regulation presupposes men of capacity and prestige, of courage and discernment, to match the powerful resources of the utilities. Instead there is inequality in expertness, in will, in energy, in imagination.”

As to remedies, the professors do not agree so closely. Both are unequivocally of the opinion that regulation must get away from the present doctrines of judicial valuation. Frankfurter advises states to retain control of all resources they still hold and permit cities to compete with private companies where necessary. He advocates better regulatory commissions and more local autonomy, free from judicial interference. Gray believes the corporate structure must be simplified greatly and the kinds of securities limited, the power of the courts must be curbed and the state should concern itself not with general regulation of rates, but with cases of discrimination only. Whatever the answer, we are face to face with a problem whose solution is vital to our welfare. We can't dodge it because it is dull, r.or because it is difficult We must think critically about supreme court policies, disclosures of the federal trade commission and the intricacies of rate making. If we are not to concede that our system of government is impotent we must make it work better in this important matter. On the Financial Side The administration is trying to cut expenses to avoid a deficit and an increase in taxes. Savings are being made in the navy and other departments. President Hoover hopes to reduce expenditures this year $68,000,000 below original estimates. With all the talk of economy, however, we have heard of no efforts to curtail amounts spent for prohibition enforcement. Some $40,000,000 will be used this year to support the army of dry agents, the coast guard’s rum fleet, judges and oflicials prosecuting dry law violators, customs agents and border patrolmen. The coast guard’s fleet is being enlarged and there Is demand for more judges. And meantime liquor flows plentifully. Before the eighteenth amendment, the federal government collected as high as $365,000,000 a year in taxes on beer and liquor. States, counties and cities collected other millions.

Now the American people spend two or three million dollars a year for drink. In pace of fat revenues, we have huge expenditures for enforcement, by state and local as well as the central government. And the enforcement is ineffectual. Money which went into public treasuries goes into the pockets of bootleggers. In this year of depression and economic gloom, with millions of unemployed, the prohibition situation well might be considered, both from the standpoint of the cost of enforcement and the loss of tax revenues. Half a billion in taxes on liquor, easily collectable by the federal government; another half billion collected by local governments, plus fifty millions or more Bow spent for attempted enforcement, would give more than two million men SSOO in wages, if the money were spent on public works. On Being Safe in the Air Costes, Von Gronau, Hawks and others recently have dramatized aviation more vividly than at any time since Lindbergh’s historic flight to Paris in 1927. But these feats of bravery are far less significant to civilization than the quiet efforts of scientists, technicians and pilots to make air travel safer and to create out of aviation something which is as practical as it is spectacular. The tragedy of the R-101 makes this a good time to raise the question of just how safe flyinr; is today and what the prospects are that it will bee ;me more dependable in the future. This problem is dealt with vividly and sanely by Gove Hambidge in an article on ‘How Safe L'i Flying?” in the Forum. In 1929 scheduled transport planes flew 25,141,499 miles in the United States. There were 137 accidents, making 183,514 miles traveled per accident. Some 160 persons were involved in these accidents, and of these dghty-one were killed. This constitutes one death to 1,396,750 miles flown. The mortality also amounted, incidentally, to one death to 9.634 passengers carried. Mr. Hambidge next proceeds to compare the danger In air travel to other risks assumed by the human race. In 1929 the number of deaths in air travel were 10.38 per hundred thousand carried. But the chances were far greater of dropping dead on solid earth from heart disease. In 1937 the number of deaths from organic heart disease were 171.9 per hundred thousand of the popu-

The Indianapolis Times (A acKirrs-now Aftn newspaper > Owned and '-übiiahpil dally lexeept Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price In Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD CORLEY, ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON, Editor President Business Manager PHONE—RIIev V>sl SATURDAY, OCT. 11. 1830. Member of Dotted Presa, Scnppi-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. ‘‘Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

lation. Even the suicide rate is far higher than the aviation death rate. The death rate from automobile accidents is about twice as high, 31,000 persons were killed in automobile traffic in the United States in 1928, as compared to the eighty-one killed in air transport. Indeed, it seems almost as safe to go in the air as to stay at home No fewer than 24,000 were killed by accidents in their homes In 1929. Why is it that the average man regards air travel as nothing short of foolhardy gambling with death? Mr. Hambidge believes this is due to two main causes, rn the first place, air travel is mysterious and novel. The general run of men understand the nature and causes of automobile accidents. An airplane crash has something of the awesome and occult about it. In the second place, one of the most basic of man’s instinctive fears is that of falling. T?iis may have been due to the fact that man’s ancestors were, perhaps, arboreal in their habitat. In spite of the marvelous progress in increasing the safety of air travel, it still falls far short of that in rail transport. The number of deaths here Is one passenger to eadi 300,000,000 passenger miles traveled, thus making the railroads about 200 times as safe as airplanes. What of the future? Along what lines may we look for improvement? Eighty per cent of air accidents take place in takeoffs, landings, stallings and spins. Hence, these are the crux of the problems of greater safety. We must devise an airplane—perhaps already forecast in the autogyro—which will climb quicker and more steeply and land more slowly and safely. Multimotor machines reduce the danger from stalling. The Diesel engine may eliminate fire risk. Better radio communication and fog penetrators of one kind or another will reduce the risk of landing •ind crashing, as also will a great Increase in the number of landing fields. A better quality of more rigorously trained pilots likewise will help. Some 28.4 per cent of the accidents on scheduled air travel in 1929 were due to the incompetence and poor judgment of pilots., More careful selection and better technical training of pilots will remedy this defect as far as it can be done in any situation which involves the human factor. It is not at all absurd, then, to say that aviation cei tainly has passed the stage of experimental novelty. It Is safer than railroad travel in the days of Abraham Lincoln—that is, prior to the air brake and automatic coupler. And science has a far better hookup with' aviation today than it had with railroading in 1865'

Where Depression Hurts The failure of prosperity may be worrying the government of this country, but the problem at Washington is as nothing compared with the problem faced in certain governments south of the Isthmus of Panama. In the United States, a business depression is apt to bring an unfavorable result at the polls, but in South America it is apt to bring on a revolution. It is hardly too much to say that practically all the current South American revolts originated in tiade depressions. Citizens of any country get restive when business is bad, but in Latin America they get downright violent. It is foolish, of course, for any country to blame hard times on the government in power. But at least the situation here isn't as bad as it might be. Just suppose that our disillusioned voters were rushing to the armories instead of to the ballot box! Jobs Instead of Charity The city of Cleveland has taken an admirably sensible measure to ease the unemployment situation. Instead of voting money for charity, the city council voted a $200,000 bond issue for the immediate commencement of certain public works, and 2,000 men will be given jobs as a result. That is the sort of unemployment relief that really means something. When you give a hungry man a bowl of soup and a cup of coffee you are relieving an immediate need, but you are not solving the underlying problem. What the man needs more than a meal is a job. No matter how much charity you dispense* you haven’t helped him very much unless you have made his chances of getting work brighter. That is why this Cleveland plan deserves copying widely. The couple dancing their way across the continent are understood to have adopted as their slogan: “A mile a minute.” T7ie more we hear of certain programs over the ether the less we wonder why an anesthetic was named after It.

REASON bv

OP course, just as he said about it, Clarence narrow went oaek into the criminal practice because the arrest of those Chicago gangsters on vagrancy charges appealed to his sense of fair play, but before it's all over we’ll bet those fellows will overpower Darrow and simply compel him to accept some vulgar coin. man They did this very thing in the Loeb-Lecpold case you know. ’ Darr °w went to the defense of those two sweet things as a patriotic duty, but after he saved them their folks mortified Darrow until he didn’t know where to look by backing him into a corner and filling nls clothes with mazuma. nun TkJ'ONSIEUR BLONDEAU, manager of the French i-Ti tobacco monopoly, is preparing a special brand of cigars to be smoked by the ladies of France. It won’t be long until those girls are chewing plug and making necklaces of their tobacco tags. B B B Twenty thousand people jammed the Madrid bull ring and cheered speakers who made fun of the king. If this keeps up. it won’t be long until they make Alphonso walk Spanish. o n m From a safe distance, Adolph Hitler threatens to indict Von Hindenberg. but if the old warrior could get him in a closed room, Hitler would die of heart failure. BUB READING that Henry Ford gave Anton Lang an automobile because he liked him in the Passion Play makes us regret that Henry did not see us some years ago when we played Hamlet in a home entertainment. nun If, a* reported. Bernard Shaw has time and again declined to accept a title, it’s the biggest thing he ever did. However, he’s not entitled to much credit, since his sense of humor wouldn't permit him to take it. a an We owe President Hoover a debt of gratitude for one reason. . He doesn't compel us to read about his golf games every day. B B B Carl Ulrich of Jasper, Ind., paid a very delicate tribute to the fireside when he shot a restaurant painting full of holes because it reminded him of his wife.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

SCIENCE —BY DAVTD DIETZ—-

1 Knowledge of Mental Hygiene Is Viewed as Important as Knowledge of Physical Hygiene. ; 'T'HE reader who would keep i abreast the latest developments | of the scientific world now must be- ! come acquainted with the branch ; of science known as mental hygiene. The knowledge is well worth acquiring, not merely from the standj point of satisfying one’s curiosity, ; but from the standpoint of usefulness as well. Many authorities are convinced that a knowledge of mental hygiene is fully as important and useful as a knowledge of physical hygiene. In fact, in many cases, they would regard it as more important. “There is nothing mysterious about mental hygiene except that we always have thought of the mind, when we have thought of it at all, in terms of our ignorance about it, and have felt that it was a great unknown territory.” says Dr. William A White. Dr. White, who is the superintendent of St. Elizabeths hospital at Washington, D. C., is one of the world’s greatest authorities on the subject. “We long have been familiar with the term ‘hygiene,’ and we have recognized its significance as an effort to live healthy lives,” he says, “but we have thought of it in terms of our physical bodies and their functions and not in terms of our minds.” a a a What Is Needed rvR. WHITE holds the opinion that the facts of mental hygiene are more important fundamentally than those of physical hygiene. “We have recognized that hygiene requires a reasonable amount of rest, a reasonable amount of exercise, good and properly selected food in adequate but not too great quantities, pure drinking water and a thousand other things,” he says. “But we have not recognized that all these, and many more, really are only means to an end, and that what man lives by really is not food and drink, but ideas and ideals, desires and hopfts, aspirations and ambitions, and these are matters of the mind.” ' Man never has worked out an adequate understanding of his mind Dr. White says. “He always has accepted what he found there,” he says. “People believe or doubt, they hope and they fear, but they rarely ask themselves why they believe or doubt, or why they hope or fear. These mental facts have been accepted and acted upon practically without any consciousness that they are subjects, or could be made subjects of scientific inquiry. “We are accustomed to apply our science only to concrete things which can be seen, to animals, to plants, to planets, to crystals—not to these intangible ideas which seem to escape us the moment we attempt to inquire into them.”

Improving Mankind ONE of the great triumphs of present-day science, however, is that it is actually succeeding in applying the scientific method to the subject of mind. “Man has become for the first time profoundly interested in his own affairs,” says Dr. White.. “He is applying scientific methods to their study and elucidation, and he is beginning to insist that the great facts of science as they are disebvered in all its various realms shall be made to point in his direction, that there shall be asked the question, ‘Of what value is this fact to me, how can I profit by it, how can mankind be improved by its application?’ , , twentieth century has given birth to this: great interest, which rapidly and certainly is gripping the imagination of peoples in all parts of the world, and man is applying his ingenuity in attempting to discover answers to the questions that •?rvP UZZ * et * for generations: people become mentally „ • Why do they become criminals? What is the meaning of unhappiness and discontent? How can destructive habits be modified? How can the energies that are being poured into useless activities be recaptured for the common* good? Difficult as some of these questions may seem, unanswerable as they may appear, it nevertheless is true that we are moving in the direction of better and better solutions; that progress is being made slowly perhaps, but after the manner of science, with certainty.”

Daily Thought

I will utterly consume all things’ from off the land, saith the Lord. Zephanlah 1:2. How would you be if He, which is the top of judgment, should but judge you as you are?—Shakespeare.

Here Are Some Puzzlers and Their Answers

Is there a breed of chickens called AustraJorps? They are Black Orpingtons which originated in Australia. They are good egg producers, and last year received recognition in this country. The hen weighs about 614 pounds, the cock about B'2 pounds. Where did Sheridan start on his famous ride and how far did he go? He rode from Winchester, Va., to Cedar Creek in the Shenandoah Valley, twenty miles southward. What do the names John, Frederick, Eisie and Isabella mean? John, grace of God; Frederick, peaceful ruler; Elsie, mirthful, and Isabella, God is her oath. What is the surname of the royal house of Great Britain? By proclamation of July 17, 1917, the royal family became the house of Windsor. What is the real name of Myrna Loy, the motion picture actress? Where and when was she born? Her real name is Myrna Williams. and she was born at Helena, Mont., Aug. 2, 1905. Did Knote Rockne ever plav football? He was a star end at the University of Notre Dame in 1910, 1911. 1912 and 1913. He was captain of the team in 1913, during which sea-

BELIEVE ITORNOT

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Following is the explanation of Ripley’s “Believe It or Not” which appeared in Friday’s Times: Thea Alba Can Write Six Diferent Figures at the Same Time —Miss Alba, who has trained her fingers so she can write six different figures or letters simultaneously, w r ith the aid of chalk exten-

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Warm Bath Curbs Blood Pressure

BY DR. MORRIS FISIIBEIN Editor. Journal of the American Medical Association, and of Ilrseia, the Health Max&zine. A T the last annual session of the American Medical Association, the section on treatment of disease gave special attention to the treatment of high blood pressure. The presence of elevated blood pressure causes little discomfort in the majority of people. Frequently they fail to consult a physician until the complications occur. In fact, 12 per cent of a group of 1,000 patients had high blood pressure for some time before the symptoms were sufficiently severe to cause them to consult a physician. The person who has a regular examination made once each year Is likely to determine the presence of high blood pressure long before he has any symptoms, and perhaps by a modification of his habits of life to prevent entirely the onset of any unpleasant symptoms. It has been found that the most important factor etnering into the development of high blood pressure is a constitutional predisposition to high blood pressure, which has oc-

IT SEEMS TO ME BY H broun D

1 THINK that the United States never should shut down on immigration, because it is only by an admixture of aliens that American ideals survive. This came to my mind as I was listening to a speech the other night. Os late I’ve heard a great many speeches and not all of them were good. Many were my own. At times I find it by no means impossible to bore myself. But the speech of which I am thinking aroused me. B. Charney Vladeck made it. Possibly Mr. Vladeck is not widely known yet outside his own community, but if that is so it is a strange thing, for he is by all-odds the best orator I have heard hereabouts. Charney Vladeck was telling of a day, twenty-five years ago, when he came suddenly upon a life of >Lincoln in the small library of a Russian prison. At 17 Vladeck went to Siberia for revolutionary activity against the Russian czar.

son Notre Dame was undefeated, its greatest achievement being a victory of 35 to 13 over the Army team of that year. How do Indians remove their beards? The beardless condition of Indians is a racial characteristics. Are there any Negro postmasters in the. United States? There are a number of them. Do fruit trees ever bloom twice a year? Sometimes they will bloom twice a year after they have been injured in the spring, or when the growth is checked by a drought, which tends to give the trees a rest period. When normal conditions occur, the trees renew their activity and blossom. One oi two varieties habitually develop blossoms on the tips of branches late in the fall. Has Henry Ford a rubber plantation in Braid? Yes. On which finger should a school ring be worn? Usually on the iiltlefi iger or third finger of the right hand. What part did Dorothy Lee play in “The Cuckoos” and wbat will te the title of her nest picture? She playetj the part of Anita in

On request, sent with stamped addressed envelope, Mr. Ripley will furnish proof of anything depicted by him.

sions, recently has been on a vaudeville circuit in Berlin. German and other European newspapers have commented about this unusual feat of muscle training. James Wyllie, Long-Time Checker Champion—James Wyllie is one of the most famous checker players who ever lived,

I curved in several members of the | family, including the parents and j grandparents, and associated with this constitutional predisposition are habits of worry and fear. People with high blood pressure are usually overweight. * The treatment of high blood pressure obviously must be related to the habits of the individual, and to the possible effects that may be secured by the giving of certain drugs. Many drugs are known, which, when injected into the human being, will lower the blood pressure. Sometimes a sudden lowering of the blood pressure is exceedingly harmful. The first step is to control the fatigue, the irritability of the blood vessels, and the had habits of the patient which play some part in maintaining his pressure at a high point. It also is possible for the competent physician to prescribe some drugs which are liberated very slowly into the blood stream and which lower the pressure slightly over long periods of time. Such drugs are safer ordinarily than those %'hich produce prompt

The Man for Him AS he read he thought of Lincoln as his man. He decided to go to the land of Lincoln as soon as his sentence expired. But when he arrived it didn't seem to be Lincoln's land at all. The book could not be right. Not till he heard the voice of Debs did the young immigrant awake to find himself in the place of dreams. I have, of course, given only a wooden and crude summary of what the speaker said, and here there is nothing of a most persuasive eloquence and a convincing mood. The pattern is familiar enough. The best book about our Constitution was not written by an American, , and the first successful play built on Lincoln’s life came from the pen of John Drinkwater, who is English. Incidentally he found his material in the biography written by Lord Charnwood.

“The Cuckoos ’’ Her next appearance will be in “Half Shot at Sunrise.” What is the purpose of the tariff on imports? The general purpose is to protect American products and to raise revenue for the government. Which blind United States senator has a large German police dog to lead him. Senator Thomas D. Schall of Minnesota. When was the American baseball league organized? In 1900. but it did not become a real major league until the following year. How large is the great Sahara desert? It probably covers an area not less than 2,000,000 square miles, and its greatest length exceeds 3,000 miles. Was the alien land law of California passed in 1913 or in 1920? The law was passed in 1913. In 1920 another act was passed to prevent alien Japanese from holding lands in the namec of their minor American-bcm children. What is the value of a United 5 -tes half dollar dated 1808? It is catalogued at 50 to 55 cents

f-imr Registered 0. & IJ y ratenc office RIPLEY

and was champion of the world from 1847 to 1859, from 1864 to 1876. and again from 1877 to 1894 —a total of forty-one years. This can be verified in any book on checkers. Monday —“The Gambling Corpse.”

and serious lowering of the blood pressure which lasts but a very short time. The diet for the person with high blood pressure should be a well balanced diet, proteins providing about 10 per cent of the total calories, with salt relatively low in amount. Spices are to be avoided. If the patient is overweight, he should plan to reduce his weight slowly over a long period of time, and he should drink a sufficient amuont of water to provide for carrying away the body waste. The majority of people who have used tobacco over a long period of time do not need to give up tobacco on the discovery of the fact that they have high blood pressure, unless smoking can be shown to be related definitely to the increased pressure. One of the most valuable methods of controlling high blood pressure is the taking of moderately warm baths at regular intervals. It is understood, of course, that any chronic infections in the body should be brought under control and the removal of such infections not infrequently results in prompt recovery from the condition.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column a 't those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without retrard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

There is nothing accidental in the fact that an alien is likely to feel a stronger emotion concerning our national heroes than we do. It gets down to the old commonplace about New Yorkers never going to the top of the Woolworth building unless the trip is first suggested by some country cousins. I doubt that Alpine guides care much about scenery. Education is designed to stimulate the child’s imagination and move him Cos fervor for our forefathers, but it is ill-adjusted. In the first place, our school system has been founded on the theory that Washington, Jefferson, Franklin, Lincoln and all others should be presented as without sin or flaw. No teacher would be allowed to point out that Franklin was amorous, that Lincoln told stories which Walter Winchell never could print in his column and that Washington swore violently on some few occasions.

Through a Glass Darkly 73ERFECT people are very inter- -*■ esting. If the schoolboy actually believes the primary books, he is likely to grow a bit bored at the very beginning. I’m not sure that he always does believe. .An alert youngster t*ll may suspect that he is getting less than the whole truth. That suspicion may also work to kill his ardor for the lessons. Approximations are not appetizing. But most of all there remains the fact that Washington and Lincoln, Shakespeare and Milton, too, are all clothed in the alienating robes of compulsion. In my day the teacher gave me “The Merchant of Venice” and told me to read it within a week. And in effect, she added, “Read it and like it.” I didn’t, but I was too much of a hypocrite to say so. Like all the rest, I pretended a passion. And Washington was presented to me under the same repellent auspices. He was festooned with dates and heavy with home work. Naturally, I was hardly prepared to deny that he was a good man, but it was not an association calculated to produce much warmth on my side. Later on I learned that Washington brewed his own beer and was in every respect the sort of person to command not just cold respect, but downwright enthusiasm. (Copyright. 1930. by The Tuaes|

.OCT. 11, 1930

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

We Simply Don’t Think of Assembling for Any Purpose These Days Without Hooch. IF it is ail right to buy phonographs, radio sets, and automobiles on the installment plan, why is it all wrong to pay fines that way? Furthermore, wouldn’t the installment plan of paying fines help to equalize conditions between rich and poor? Cleveland police court judges seem to have thought it would, especially where bootleggers were concerned, but the higher-ups say that they are mistaken. It all came about as the result of an investigation which disclosed the widespread practice of allowing time for those who lacked the cash. Incidentally, the investigation disclosed some other things that might cause doubt as to whether the police court judges were moved entirely by a spirit of altruism ana fair play, such as 30,000 errors and irregularities; but let that pass. a a a Unjust to Many THE practice of punishing people by fine may have its merits, but they are hard to discover when it ignores the ability to pay, when it exacts the same toll in all cases, and takes no account of a defendants condition. A SIOO fine means nothing to some people, while it means the difference between enough to eat and actual hunger to others. If fines were desirable, why not base them on a week’s income, or a certain per cent of the individual’s net worth? What kind of justice is it that imposes hardship on one person and lets another off with a mere gesture for the same offense? In settling the war account, we have found it impractical |o make the punishment fit the damage, or the guilt, and have been compelled to recognize the factor of economic capacity. If that represents justice among nations, why not among men? tt tt tt Prohibition Again IN connection with this Cleveland investigation, with its disclosure of false affidavits, mistaken charges, and queer decisions, prohibition is the bug under the chip, as might be expected. Theoretically, the United States government, as well as most state governments, Is dry, but actually all sections and communities which feel like it are wet. Whatever else may be said of the mess, it is showing the power of local sentiment, even when expressed by nothing bigger than a wide place in the road. Prohibitionists decry the lack of co-operation on the part of local officials, as though it were something which could be corrected with a word of advice, but local authorities merely remember which side of their bread is buttered.

This “noble experiment” has evolved into a farce, with your Uncle Sam playing the role of goat, and that goes not only for our large cities, but for half the landscape from Maine to California. a a a Booze at All Conventions ADJOURNMENT of the American Legion convention finds four dead and 500 in the hospitals .at Boston because of poison hooch. Mrs. Peabody charges that law enforcement officials were lax, and you can bet your bottom dollar they were. Police Chief Crowley say that Mrs. Peabody evidently saw more than his boys did, which would not be particularly unusual. The prohibition administrator will start a drive, now that it’s all over. But what is the use of repeating the nonsense? Things have come to such pass that any good reporter can write the story of a great convention beforehand, whether it’s legion, or just common folks getting together. We simply don't think of assembling for any purpose these days without hooch, and the entertainment committee that couldn’t corral a supply would consider itself a failure. n n a How Long, 0 Lord? AFTER the show is over, we feel compelled to do something heroic for the benefit of those old ladies who dream of the time when temperance was a virtue, so we stage drives and make a few arrests, particularly of those who have not been sufficiently successful to pay cash fines. Knowing that the big bosses will not be touched, judges are inclined to be lenient with the ragtag and bobtail which art paraded before them, imposing light sentences, or allowing the poor, distracted souls time in which to scrape together a few dollars. Then we have an investigation to prove how low the judges have sunk, when they were only acting like normal human beings. “How long, O Lord, how long?”

r—Hr qOAVf istTHeMil DUTCH SETTLEMENTS October H ON Oct. 11, 1614, the states general of Holland named the country around Manhattan Island ‘New Netherlands” and granted a charter for its settlement to Amsterdam merchants. The states general previously had passed a law conferring on those who should discover new lands the exclusive privilege of making four voyages thither before others could have admission to the traffic. The ordinance excited considerable activity among adventurers. A number of merchants of Amsterdam and Hoorn soon fitted out five ships. This fleet, during a subsequent exploring expedition, touched the mouth of the Great river and the Manhattans, Long Island, Cape Cod, Delaware bay and other points on the east coast of America. The united company by which the explorers were employed lost no time in obtaining the exclusive trade of the ,'X>untries thus explored. They sent deputies to The Hague to report their discoveries. Asa result, a special grant in their favor was issued and settlement established in the new country.