Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 110, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 September 1930 — Page 4

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Foundations and Social Progress Perhaps the greatest novelty in our social scheme today is the great foundations with capital of more than a billion dollars. They give away to supposedly excellent causes some $69,559,000 yearly. What kind of movements and programs do they support? Are they an asset to American society? Do they contribute to progress or social inertia? The basis for an intelligent answer to these questions is supplied by Evans Clark in his careful and fair analysis of the nature and activities of these foundations in the New York Times. The greatest donation made by the foundation Is, beyond all reasonable comparison, the gifts to educational enterprise. Here it must be said that the some $30,500,000 given to education is spent in ways designed to foster conservatism and safety. The overwhelming majority of the benefactions go to conventional educational activities. There is nothing for the Rand School of Social Science, the Brookwood Labor college, or even the New School for Social Research —the latter certainly not an especially radical Institution, though it Is one of the most Interesting experiments in the history of higher education. No sensible person would ask the foundations to finance radical or proletarian education exclusively. Yet the workers make up more than 50 per cent of the population. Any agency which pretends to serve the body politic should have something to give to the majority. Next in order of expenditure comes research. But how much of this is in any way likely to prove subversive of the present order? In the field of social sciences, where we most need courageous research, the dice certainly are loaded against originality and independence. There no doubt is honesty in gathering the facts, but the research projects either are eminently safe or else interpretations and opinions are suppressed carefully. The research in the field of medicine is the one type of subsidized investigation in which all stand to gain by the discoveries. Yet even here the benefits will not be distributed evenly. The wealthy are much more capable of benefiting by the advances In medicine and surgery. But here again the foundations also have done their most equitable work. They are financing research into the costs of medical care which may help to democratize medicine. Take the question of civil liberties. Here is a place where we would expect patriots to pour their money. From Jefferson to Lincoln our great statesmen have contended that this country was conceived in, and dedicated to liberty. What could be nobler than to support its continued existence? Yet not a single great foundation has given a cent to support civil liberties in the United States. The American Civil Liberties Union is supported primarily by private subscriptions. Only the American Fund for Public Service—ft sort of “foundation by default’’ from the heritage of an eccentric young millionaire—gives the union any money. The foundations give millions for research into social and economic conditions and for promotion of social work and charity. How many support the birth control movement, probably the most important single social program in the United States today? Not a one, save the tiny American Fund for Public Service. If this is not millions for charity, but not one cent fbr prevention, then the writer does not know the mea'iing of words. -I he foundations and their work, necessarily reflect their donors and the society out of which they are derived. The givers are entitled to order the expenditures they approve. The writer is willing to concede that the net result of the foundations is as yet a benefit to the United States. But this is somehing quite different from agreeing that they reflect democratic ideals or do their utmost to promote social progress. They are damned far more by their sins of omission than by those of commission.

Unemployment Insurance The conference for progressive labor action has drafted a bill for unemployment insurance for introduction in the forty-eight state legislatures. Essential features of this bill are: “1. Unemployment insurance is to be a charge on industry in the same way as workmen’s compensation fbr accidents. If it is legitimate that a business should accumulate a reserve in good times, so as to be able to pay dividends in periods of depression, it surely is equally legitimate that industry should accumulate reserves to tide over unemployed workers during slack times. Therefore, we advocate contributions by employers alone, and not the tripartite arrangement of contributions from employer, employe and the state, common in European schemes. "2. We advocate the principle of graduated contributions, industries and establishments having more unemployment to pay a larger percentage of their pay rolls into the fund. It is hoped in this way to encourage stabilization of industry and employment, for the less unemployment an industry will, have, the less it will have to pay In premiums. -3. Unemployed workers are to receive 40 per cent of their prevailing weekly wage, with 10 per cent additional for a wife and 5 per cent for each child up to 2, that is, in no case more than a total of 60 per cent of the prevailing weekly wage of the unemployed worker. Insurance is to be paid for not more than twenty-six weeks in each year. A worker on short, time not making 40 per cent of his prevailing weekly wage is to be paid the difference between what he receives in his pay envelope and 40 per cent of his weekly wage In no case is a worker to receive in any one year more than the equivalent of 40 per cent of his weekly wages for twenty-six weeks, or 60 per cent if he has a wife and children. "4. Any one who has worked and for whom contributions have been made in the state for a period of 52 weeks (not necessarily consecutive) is entitled to insurance ..." The conference also favors a federal bill carrying an initial appropriation of $100,000,000, from which the federal department of labor may pay annually to any state establishing a satisfactory unemployment insurance plan the equivalent of one-third of what the state expends. This plan certainly goes the whole hog, and has the virtue of candor and forthrightness. But It Is not strategically sound. It will be hand enough to get unemployment bills through which split the expense equally between employer, employe and state. To ask the employer to bear the whole burden simply will increase the pressure of business resistance to unemployment Insurance and postpone its adoption indefinitely. The employer should not be held solely responsible for unemployment. Governmental acts, Ifee the higher tariff, whitft increase unemployment, may be

The Indianapolis Times (A ICXIFFS-HOWABD MWSPAPEB) Owned and pnbliahed daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Timet Publiaiung Cos., 214-220 Weat Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Prtce In Marlon County. 2 centa a copy; eiaewbere, 3 cent*—delivered by carrier, 12 centn a week, BOYD Os BUTT. HOY W. HOWARD, FRANK O MORRISON, Editor President Buxine— Manager rHONE— Rliey 6651 TUESDAY. SEPT. IS. IWO- . Member ot United Pre*, Scrlppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureao of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way."

beyond the employer’s control and embody policies which he has fought. A split three ways in the cost of unemployment Insurance seems not only the most practicable, but also the most equitable plan. Rumblings of War A young draftsman’s clerk today menaces the German republic and perhaps the peace of Europe. Adolph Hitler lx founder of the Fascist party, pledged to break the peace treaties and restore Germany’s old military power. In the elections his party just has swept the country with a 900 per cent gain, becoming the second .largest in parliament. He is driving toward a dictatorship like Mussolini’s. Hitler’s illegal armed bands have been spreading terror for months. He is irresponsible, unscrupulous. He hates to the point of madness any one resembling a Socialist, and hates only less the liberals, also responsible for Germany’s pacific policies. Since Hitler left his Austrian home to join the German army before the war there has been doubt as to hi* sanity. War strain did not help his mind. After defeat he fell under the spell of Mussolini. Day by day in the streets of Bavarian towns he whipped the crowds to fury with his frantic gestures and shrill voice. At night he plotted and stored guns. Lucendorff helped him. But his beer hall revolt—the Hitler putsch—in 1923 failed. The premature dictator was sentenced to five years in prison, and his bands scattered. Thinking the danger passed, the government released him within a year. Forbidden to speak in most German states, he resorted to underground organization of terrorist “storm squads.” His open political party did not grow so well at first. In the 1928 elections his Fascists won only twelve seats in parliament. But Sunday they came back with 107 seats. This gives Hitler, who is not even a German citizen, the balance of power. * * * While the Fascists of the Extreme Right were winning hordes of votes, the Communists of the Extreme Left were doing the same. The election raised the Communist parliamentary force from fifty-four to seventy-six, placing them after the Socialists and Fascists as the third strongest party in the country and the largest in Berlin. Explanation of the extremest gains is clear, and is similar in the cases of both Fascists and Communists. The moderate parties and successive governments have been unable to check the spread of unemployment and hunger. The people have waited patiently for the Locarno pacts, the Young reparations plan and other panaceas of the moderate parties to restore prosperity and national unity. But prosperity and unity are farther away than ever—or so it seems? So the people turn to the two parties which promise direct action and short cuts. Nationalists moved farther to the right to join the Fascists. Socialists moved larther to the left to the Communist ranks. And the immense list of young first voters scorned the moderate parties, and divided between the extremists—country youth rallying to Hitler, while city youth marched with the Reds. * '* * The spectacular challenge of German Fascism comes at the tensest moment in European affairs since the World war, adding its impact to an already explosive situation. Franco-Itallan tension, ItalianYugoslav threats, German-Polish frontier clashes, Hungarian revenge plots, Balkan conflicts, and native risings in India, Syria, Palestine and Egypt, are all capped by increased military preparations and larger armaments by the big powers. No wonder the statesmen in session at the League of Nations are warning the world of danger ahead unless there is a general tightening of peace treaties and drastic arms reduction. Lovers of opera shouldn't feel too badly because Chicago’s Auditorium theater, aristocratic home of the opera, has been converted into a miniature golf course. Played, right, you know a golf ball can take a good role. It is understood that the reporter who punched the Governor of Louisiana in the nose the other day said, “It won’t be Long now.” An aviator has escaped from Sing Sing. The boys there will tell you that he "flew the coop.”

REASON by f — ck

This senatorial investigation of Ruth Hanna McCormick over in Illinois is a very unusual proceeding. The committee has a right to investigate one who has been elected to the senate, but Mrs. McCormick has not been elected; she only has been nominated; she is just a candidate. tt n u If this senatorial committee can investigate one who merely has been nominated ior the senate, then it can go a step beyond and investigate a candidate for a senatorial nomination, in fact it can go as far as it likes, so long as it has a good time and enjoys the scenery. # * r T"'HE first Impression is that this senatorial investi--I gation will hurt Mrs. McCormick in her race, but on reflection we believe that it will prove to be a boomerang and help her, particularly since Chairman Nye complains that Mrs. McCormick has been investigating him. —a a a Waving all technicalities aside, the average person with red blood in his veins feels that if a husky senator can investigate a 120-pound woman, then that 120-pound woman should have a perfect right to turn ’round and investigate the husky senator who’s investigating her. If the senatorial game laws do not permit this, then they should be amended so as to do so. tt tt a After denouncing the Monroe Doctrine these many years, our southern neighbors should now be in a position to give it their august approval. With all the revolutions now under way south of the equator, it would be an easy matter for Europe to help herself to South America if the Monroe Doctrine did not admonish her to keep off the grass. a st A REALIZATION of the benefits resulting from our friendship, together with good sense, caused the Peruvian government to release those two Americans who had their fingers burned in the flames of the last uprising. But if Americans would keep out of foreign prisons they should stay in the U. S. A. and mind their own business. * * * Interest in the present political campaign is almost entirely eclipsed by the contest now being waged by the Honorable Hack Wilson and the Honorable Babe Ruth for the home run championship of our beloved land. • mm Christopher Columbus was not agitated greatly when the recent hurricane roared ’round his tomb in the cathedral at Santo Domrngo, fir that Is only am at the three places where he is Kitted.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

SCIENCE iSY DAVID DIETZ—

Chemistry Is Adding More to World's Wealth Thom Is Any Other Instrument of Progress. THE increasing importance of the role which chemistry is playing in modem lift can be judged from the fact that the membership of the American Chemical Society has fisen from 3,079 to 18,000 in the last twenty-five years. In 1905, the budget of the society was about $15,000. Today it is more than $550,000 a year. The society, which is one of the largest professional organizations in the world, held its annual meeting in Cincinnati Sept. Bto 12. Professor William McPherson, famous chemist and dean of the Graduate School of Ohio State university, is president of the society. “Chemistry and its application to industry,” says Professor McPherson, “today are adding more to the world's wealth and to the enjoyment, comfort and usefulness of mankind than any other instrument of progress. Its advancement has been due both to highly trained chemists and capital intelligently invested in industry dependent upon the guidance of the chemist.”

nun Three Journals AMONG the most important activities of the American Chemical Society is the publication of its journals. These make It possible for chemists in all parts of the United States to keep abreast of what is going on in the research laboratories of the world. Statistics prepared by Dr. John E. Teeple of New York, treasurer of the society, show that the society will spend about $486,000 during 1930 on its journals. “A quarter of a century ago,” President McPherson says, “we printed a single journal of 900 pages containing approximately 360,000 printed words. In 1930 we are printing three journals containing, after rigid editing, approximately 11,200,000 printed words.” But in spite ot this fact, Dr. McPherson says that it has not been possible to keep up entirely with the march of chemistry. This has been due to the fact so much progress ha been made in chemistry that it has been impossible to record all of it even in so ambitious a publication program as that followed by the society. The society, Dr. McPherson continues, would like to embark upon a still greater publication program, but can not afford to do so unless public-spirited men of wealth underwrite it.. / x x x Endowment Needed DR. M’PHERSON makes a plea for larger endowments for the society. He says: "Hundreds of millions of dollars have been given to boards, foundations, and colleges for scientific research and facilities for education. Part of this has gone to chemical research and education but chiefly to other fields, particularly to medicine. “In all fields, however, chemists have been aids and instruments. Chemistry today is the necessary handmaiden of all science and all intelligent industry. “Chemical knowledge and activity applied to the world’s work have resulted in a vast amount of discovery and invention, the recording of which has been until recently a burden almost unprovided for in gifts or grants. “It lias been carried chiefly by the chemh ts themselves, who have given to the limit of their time and their resources. Their very success and sacrifice are today their greatest handicap. "It is difficult to convince philanthropic boards and men that so successful an organization of 18,000 professional men, spending $550,000 a year for the advancement of chemistry, has reached its limit.”

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—For some time I have been reading your paper and have taken particular notice of the attitude of your editorials and the writings of some of your columnists in regard to the Communist activities in this and other countries, and am sorry to say that I have found nothing but sympathy and approval in practically every article which you have publish'd. Now, since yo.j have given the Communists a chance to present their side of the case, I ask you in the name of American patriotism to give me an opportunity to speak in defense of the honor and integrity of our constitutional government. In the first place, I want to say that the Constitution of the United States and all laws made in accordance with its provisions are the best safeguards of justice and liberty

-nqoiAM'jft'THe-

MAYFLOWER SAILING Sept. 16 ON Sept. 16, 1620, the Pilgrims, 100 strong, sailed on the Mayflower for America. The Pilgrims, sometimes called the Separatists, because they dissented from certain religious beliefs in England, had emigrated to Leyden, Holland, where they were allowed to believe as they pleased. After ten years’ residence there, they decided to settle in America. They left Holland in a ship called the Speedwell to go to Southampton in England, where friends were to join them in another ship, the Mayflower. When they started for America, the Speedwell was found leaking, so passengers from both ships were crowded on the Mayflower. After a stormy crossing, the ship reached the shores of Cape Cod. Mass., instead of the coast of what is now New Jersey, where they had permission to land. But they decided to stay where they landed, and so founded the settlement of Plymouth. They lived crudely in floorless log cabins and suffered for want of food. During the first winter mare than half of the little company died, including the governor. Late- on, the Puritan party in the Church of England, also subject to religious oppression, joined the Pilgrims and established several settlement* on Massachusetts bay.

'Another Noble Experiment Ruined ’

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Change Towels Often to Avoid Germs

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medieal Association, and ot Hygeia, the Health Magazine. THE towel is one of the most important accessories to modern life. The old-fashioned roller towel used to become so soiled and stiffened with human secretions that it could stand alone; in fact, it never was removed until it demonstrated its rigidity. The modern roller towel is fastened to a device which keeps it constantly in circulation and is much safer. The hand towel is still used in many homes by several members of the family. It seemed desirable to several bacteriologists to determine whether germs aTe transferred to the towel

IT SEEMS TO ME by h ™ d

'T'HE mail of every newspaper man is burdened with letters which serve to produce a pleasing bulk, but give him nothing of interest or availability. For instance, there is the “Callahan Correspondence.” Mr.’ Callahan is a paint and varnish man in Louisville, who has nominated himself as a public figure. Almost every day vast mimeographed documents come telling the recipient what somebody said to Mr. Callahan and what Mr. Callahan said in reply. I have tried to turn the spigot off, and when I wrote to the varnish man he replied courteously that he would take me off his mailing list, but that he had assumed that all

which any nation ever has produced, and that if injustice is done or cruel and oppressive measures are perpetrated on the American citizen of the United States by the officials of the government or by individuals or corporations, it is not done with authority granted by the Constitution, but in direct violation of the principles incorporated therein. The Constitution says that giving aid and comfort to the enemies of the United States is treason, and there is another form of treason which is far worse. That is for the officers of this government, who have taken solemn oaths faithfully to perform their sacred duties of office which the people have intrusted to their sacred honor, to betray that trust, to soil their sacred honor, to bring disgrace on our national government and disrespect for our national Constitution. A sentry who sleeps at his post is executed by a firing squad. A traitor is far worse than he. And a Communist is more dangerous to. this government than either of them. E. F. MADDOX.

Questions and Answers

How many letters are there in the Italian alphabet? Twenty. The missing letters are H. J. K, W, X, Y. Does Poland border on the Baltic sea? A small, strip of about fifty miles borders on the Baltic. When and where did the first Mrs. Woodrow Wilson die? In the White House, Aug. 14, 1914. When was, the stethoscope invented, and by whom? A French physician, Hyacinth Larmec, invented it about 1928 or 1830. Is a member es the United States secret sendee required to be an American citizen? Yes. What is the average length of time required to stop railroad train? It depends upon the weight of the train, number of cars, equip - ment etc. in general it takes from cne and ontMfourth minutes te three minutes.

in appreciable numbers when the hands are washed in the usual manner. The experiments demonstrated conclusively that a huck towel will remove vast numbers of germs from the skin and that a Turkish towel will remove three times as many as a huck towel. Tests made with several individuals indicated that infectious bacteria easily may be transferred in the greatest variety of numbers through use of the towel, whether of the huck or Turkish variety. Repeated use of the towel for several days brings about an accumulation of germs on the towel so that it certainly is desirable to change the towel at least daily. The Turkish towel is superior to the

jodmr-lists were in tweeted in public affairs! He did not seem to grasp the fact that what Mr. Callahan thinks about the drought or the depression or prohibition does not fall precisely under the head of news. n a The Chain NEXT to that portion of the mail which may be classified as “nut” notes, and having somewhat the same characteristic, is the chain letter. I suppose I must have broken that chain a couple of hundred times within the last two years. In the beginning it was silly enough, but of late it- has assumed a cruel and vicious character. For instance, I am told that “Mrs. B. D. V. on the ninth day won a prize in the lottery of 2,000,000 lire.” She was evidently one of the faithful who sent the letter to nine other people within twenty-four hours. Indeed, the recipient is advised to send the copies to “the most intelligent among your friends.” Assuming, I suppose, that they stand in need of kindling. Again, I am informed, “If you take this as a joke and do not send thq, copies correctly, bad luck will befall you. This prediction always has come true.” , tt tt tt Too Annoying IDO not take this movement as a joke. It seems to me as mean and petty a pandering to superstition as I have encountered. I am curious to knqjp what type of mind is behind it and what possible purpose is served by sending out these blackmailing suggestions to the credulous. Sometime* the case made for the chain is less than clear. For instance, when I'm told that “Fola Negri owes to this chain having married Prince Tilweene,” I wonder whether all concerned are willing now to sing the praises of the round robin. “The chain,” as you probably know, “was started in Flanders by a colonel in the American army, and it must go around the world three times.” If this is true, that officer has much to answer for. He probably started his spiteful scheme in some moment of depression which left him hating all mankind. Just why the chain “must” go around the world three times, and what purpose that will serve, I do not know. But I am aware that the contrivance serves to degrade the human spirit and show up as cravens all men and women who dare not stand their ground against a trivial and synthetic superstition. a a a Ladders 1 WOULD not be severe with those who avoid walking under ladders and who blanch upon breaking mirrors. While it would be hard to give a rational justification for such beliefs, at least they have the dignity of age. These are folkways, and perhaps they contain the kernel of some sort of intuitive wisdom. It may be, for instance, that you are more likely to receive the painter’s can of pigment upon your head if you walk beneath his ladder. And a mirror stands as a symbol of ego satisfaction. To smash that is to destroy, for the moment, your own image. Not to menjtan the cost of getting anew min** There are gambling superstitions

huck or paper towel for removing visible dirt and germs from the skin. Not long ago an Investigator in the University of Nebraska made a careful study to find out the percentage of germs from the skin on underwear that was not changed often enough. Millions and millions of germs Were found on underwear after one day, and the number increased steadily the longer the underwear happened to be worn. The modern woman wears very little underwear and the same overgarments are worn again and again without dry cleaning or washing. No doubt, much of the infection of the skin on the back and chest of which women complain may be credited to this cause.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this rolnmn are those of one of America’s roost interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of thia paper.—The Editor.

which I do not wholly reject. TTie first man to arrive at a poker game is likely to lose, in my estimation. But here a sound psychological truth is concealed. He is the most eager. His play will smack of restlessness. Nor is it a bad thing for a loser to walk three times around his chair. He at least absents himself from the game for a few moments while his mood is sour and his judgment bad. I don’t think there’s much sense in turning your coat inside out. That’s bad for your coat. At any rate, I wish to give public notice of the fact that I am breaking the Flanders chain. That I have broken it before. And that I will break it again. Whether or not this will bring me bad luck I do not profess to know. I will be able to tell better after election day. • But, for better or worse, I choose to take my chances without any such shoddy superstition. It is, at best, too menial a way in which to propitiate good fortune. (Copyright. 1930. by The Times'

Daily Thought

They shall not drink wine with a song; strong drink shall be bitter to them that drink it—lsaiah 24:9. - Wine makes a poor man rich in imagination, a rich man poor in reality.—Edward Parsons Day. What state first adopted workmen’s compensation laws? Maryland was the first, in 1902. Massachusetts and Illinois followed in the next few years, and today there are only four states in which such laws are not operative. In some states the laws apply only to state employment, and are not operative in the case of private companies.

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.SEPT, IS, 1930

M. E. Tracy SAYS?

The German Vote Indicates That the Nation Is Not on the Pint of Going Bolshevik. r T~HIBTY-SIX million Germans 1 go to the polls. That about equals the largest vote ever cast in this country, although this country has twice the population. Many observers express fear that the German republic may collapse because of the great gain registered by Fascists and Communists, but if widespread use of the ballot is the first essential of republicanism, aa we always have been taught, Germany is safe. Besides, the combined Fascist and Communist delegations to the Reichstag represent less than one-third of its membership, while their combined popular vote is but little more than one-third of the total poll, and no one is silly enough to suppose that they ever will combine in either respect. Asa matter of plain arithmetic, it does not appear that Germany is on the point of recalling the kaiser, or going Bolshevik. ft m m What We Do Counts WE talk a great deal about the duty of voting in this country, but when it comes to the real performance, not only Germany, but most other European oountries, put it all over us. With regard to voting as with regard to many other things, we assume that we have completed the task by providing the necessary machinery. In the same way, we assume that we are educated because we have constructed so many schools and colleges, that we are law-abiding because we have so many cops in uniform and built so many prisons, and that we are God’s chosen people because we can count so many dollars in the bank. As Dwight W. Morrow pointed out in his address from Mexico City last Sunday night, it might be a good idea for us to quit emulating the Pharisee who thanked heaven that he was not as other men. Also, as Mr. Morrow pointed out, we might do well to give more consideration to the idea that it is not the mechanism, but what we do with it, that really counts, XXX Merely More Speed MOST of the achievements which have made age glorious, particularly in America, consist in providing vehicles for the speedier transportation of thoughts and materials. Much as the increased speed may contribute to our comfort and happiness, the kind of stuff we transport, whether in a physical or intellectual way, ultimately will determine its real value. A thug can drive an automobile as fast as a sheriff, and a quack's voice carries just as well over the radio as that of a philosopher. Mechanical progress has not enabled us to evade the obligations of personal responsibility, though n good many people seem to think so, U X X Power Is Increased WE expect about as much from machine-made morals as w<* do from machine-made breakfast foods. The great illusionment of this day and generation is that, by some hook or crook, the individual can pass the bulk of his woes and worries to society and that no matter how careless or indifferent he may be, society can be depended upon to save him. The average man looks upon machines and systems as having decreased his personal responsibility, though he is well aware of the fact that they have increased his power. He reads with complacency that automobiles killed 36,000 people in this country last year, but if pedestrians were to make such a bloody record, he would yell for a revolution. By some strange process of reasoning, we regard stepping on the gas, or standing at the mike, not only a privilege, but as a license to do things that never were done before. Worse, still, we regard it as an extenuating circumstance for looseness of thought and looseness of action. U U M Others Have Rights MORROW said that while we had a right to be proud of our country, and to defend its interests, we could not do so effectively unless we recognized the rights of other people to feel and act in the same way. If such philsosophy is good for nations, it is good for communities and individuals within nations. But the basis of it is a sense of personal responsibility, the acknowledgment on the part of every human being that others owe him neither more nor less han he ia willing to pay in kind, and that no machine he can construct will admit of a different bookkeeping system.