Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 101, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 September 1930 — Page 4

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Government by Fraud Months have passed since the primary election in this county was conducted with the aid of far spread frauds. Indications are that the frauds were not confined to one party, but that results in several candidacies on both tickets were determined 'by stub pencils rather than the number of voters. One grand jury declared that the corruption was such as to demand further inquiry, its own activities being handicapped by a lack of funds denied by the county council. There was, however, one case bound over to that jury where the participants were caught red handed and arrested on the eve of the primary. The law provides that prosecutors may file direct charges and need not wait for grand jury inquiries. Once again the county council has refused to grant any funds to the grand jury to pay any necessary expense of obtaining evidence. It should require little money. But it probably would take some, especially if officials whose duty it is to investigate and prosecute crimes are not especially interested in detecting the perpetrators of the fraud. The extra funds rather presupposes that there has been a lack of co-operation on the part of some officials. Frauds at elections constitute the highest peace time crime. It is the overthrow of self-government. It means anarchy in our institutions. It makes the basis of government not the will of the people, but the will of the crook. It should be rather unfortunate for a number of candidates if no prosecutions occur before the fall election. Perhaps the voters who were defrauded in the spring will be indignant enough to protect themselves in the fall.

Anything: Can Happen

Whatever the cause may be, there seems to be a revolution coming in American attitude toward diplomatic recognition of Soviet Russia. Business concerns, anti-red propagandists and politicians who have held out against the recognition idea for these many years are getting on the bandwagon. If any one had told us that S. Stanwood Menken, chairman of the National Security League, would have a change of mind, we should have mumbled some platitude about the leopard’s spots. For he and his organisation have led the anti-Russian propaganda in this country. But now he returns from Europe talking just like the hundreds of other American travelers—business men, labor leaders, bankers, engineers, teachers and publicists—who demand Russian recognition. Says Menken: “Tire American people have no true conception of what is going on in Russia. Nobody realizes the extent of the internal program that Russia is carrying out. I was opposed bitterly to recognition, but now I believe we should take the step. We have been hiding our heads in the sand. I now definitely favor recognition, although I am opposed to communism, as I was before.” Landing in New York from the same ship es Menken were three senators who had been motoring for two months through the interior of Russia—Wheeler, Montana: Norbeck, South Dakota, and Barkley, Kentucky. According to the ship reporters, Barkley ‘ gave the impression that his previous views had been modified somewhat.” Norbeck urged recognition, wheeler confirmed his position v y saying: “Russia is the featest potential market for American goods in the world, find we are just a bunch of suckers if we do not recognize her. When we recognize the Soviet government it does not mean that we approve of the government or that we are giving it our moral support.” The same point is made by an anonymous writer in the Current History magazine. Rumor has it that the author is one of the highest officials in the state department. We don't like to use the word revolution loosely. But it is cither a revolution or a miracle when the National Security League or the state department begins to think sanely on the subject of Russian recognition. They will have to think fast, however, for Russia is getting tired of the absurd anti-Russian campaign here and the nonsensical obstacles to trading without necessary consular and diplomatic machinery. Though Russia bought $155,000,000 worth of goods here last year, she now is going to our foreign competitors. Her American purchases fell from nearly $12,500,000 in January to $3,000,000 in May. As President Hoover has remarked more than once, American prosperity depends on export trade. A City Handles Unemployment It generally is conceded that Cincinnati is one of the most competently governed of American cities. It operates under the city manager plan, the adoption of which was due in no small part to years of agitation by the Cincinnati Post. In the National Municipal Review is an article by City Manager Sherill and Director of Public Welfare Hoehler describing Che manner in which Cincinnati met the unemployment crisis. This shows conclusively that a city well governed politically will take enlightened and effective action toward its social and economic obligations. How did Cincinnati approach the problem? In the first place, it was taken as axiomatic that periodic unemployment crises are inevitable under our present economic system. Therefore, permanent machinery for dealing with the problem already had been set up before any emergency arose. A standing committee on stt/jilizing employment was created to deal with general and speci&l phases of the problem. Subcommittees were created to handle particular phases. One of these was a factfinding committee, which took frequent employment censuses of Cincinnati. \ As early as May, 1929, it found that only 88 per of the employable citizens were employed regularly, f Thi* permanent committee on unemployment wpfked with the employers of the city, endeavoring w ff* im ****** w* u opi swie&macuse m

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIPPS-HOWARD KEWSPATEB) Owned and poblUbed daily (except Sunday) by The Indtanapolla Times Publishing Cos„ 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cepta— delivered by carrier, 12 centa a week. BOYD GURLEY, BOY W. HOWARD, FRANK G MORRISON, Editor President BasTocss Manager PHONE—Riley BMI * FRIDAY. SEPT. 5. 1930. Member of United Press, Etrlppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulationa. _ “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way."

regard to stabilizing Jobs. Educational work was conducted, to show the disastrous results of unemployment to the economic life of the city at large. Asa result, many of the larger business firms voluntarily had adopted schemes for stabilizing employment before the crash came in October and November. When the crisis arose, the already existing and smoothly running machinery was put into more active operation. Employment was staggered, to avoid complete laying-ofl of any larger number of men. Public work was begun in vigorous fashion. Never before was so much executed as in the winter of 1929-30. An employment committee took up the problem of getting temporary jobs for the unemployed. The department of public welfare and the Community Chest subsidized useful jobs for heads of families in public and semi-public institutions. A special committee dealt with unemployed transients, treating them as an issue aside from the city’s permanent unemployment problem. All these policies and acts did not, of course, keep the current depression away from Cincinnati. But it did help enormously to reduce the personal suffering and economic demoralization which otherwise would have existed. And this is about all that one can ask of a city government today. Statesnanship Governor Roosevelt’s declaration in regard to state-controlled insurance against unemployment at the meeting of the New York State Federation of Labor was a statesmanlike utterance. He refused to be sidetracked by half-hearted proposals. He did not accept the current optimistic blah, to the effect that we car. trust to the savings in the sock or to soup kitchens to tide us over. Nor did he believe that voluntary insurance plans will suffice. He sized up the problem in its true proportions and endeavored to suggest a remedy adequate to the evil. He insisted that steps be taken to establish a system of state-supervised social insurance, to which employer, employe and the public (through the state) would contribute. Tills is the most fair and logical system and the one which has worked best in those European countries that are trying to meet their social responsibilities. Governor Roosevelt is right in thinking "hat breadlines are not only an evidence of misery, but a proof of sociological barbarism. What the worker needs is deserved income, not bread tickets or a dole. Let him contribute, along with his employer and the state, to a reserve fund against the days of misfortune. Then he can claim what is his, with head erect. What Governor Roosevelt suggests would insure security, dignity and economy. The present anarchy and charity would decline. We would no longer be relying on methods that Europe discarded shortly after the Civil war. We may hope that the Governor’s program will not remain merely splendid words delivered to a sympathetic audience. Let it become a major legislative issue in all states.

The Prohibition Training School Amos W. W. Woodcock, put in charge of prohibition enforcement w’hen it w r as transferred to the department of justice, has made numerous pronouncements on what he conceived his job to be. He has admonished agents against the promiscuous use of firearms, against illegal searches and seizures, and other tactics which have brought enforcement into such widespread disrepute. There has been hope for anew regime of sane enforcement of the law. But this hope seemed to have vanished when Woodcock set up a school for prohibition agents in the capital and thirty-four selected agents were brought in from throughout the country to be lectured. Presumably they were to carry the gospel back to their brethren in the Volstead army. Harry M. Dengler, supervisor of the dry university, in a lecture on shadowing, urged agents to employ small boys to get information about bootleggers and liquor establishments. If a suspect is very suspicious, “boys can be used to advantage," said his lecture. “Two boys can engage in games near the home of the subject without attracting attention, whereas a man loitering in the neighborhood soon would arouse suspicion.’* And if such advl*e will be regarded as little short of tragic by some—it needs no comment—the grotesque was added by the teacher’s advice to his pupils to read Sherlock Holmes and other mystery thrillers for the tips they might furnish on the methods of great detectives. Woodcock wisely moved with promptness to order this particular piece of teaching taken from the curriculum when it came to his attention, and *>r that he deserves credit. But, we wonder, can much be hoped for from an organization in which it was possible for such ideas to be tolerated in the first place?

REASON \

IF ever a grateful world makes up its mind to pass the hat and erect a memorial in our honor, we hope it gives us a beacon, such as has just been dedicated to Lindbergh in Chicago, for it's the most attractive memorial since Columbus discovered us. a a a THERE it soars high in the air, far above the dust and turmoil, serenely casting its beams to the surrounding country for hundreds of miles. As Daniel Webster said of Massachusetts, ‘‘there she shall stand forever,” or at least for a century or so. a a a • pINCE he skimmed the cream off the Atlantic, Lindy has accumulated an attic full of testimonials: he has cups, globes, scepters, statues and other stuff, all of it utterly worthless unless he can use it In making a miniature golf course for little Charles, but this beacon, -perched high above Lake Michigan, is good for something. an* It would be. a fine idea if when future generations feel the irresistible urge to perpetuate some brother, they should hand him something useful instead of just another profitless pile of bronze and stone. * * * * Nothing is so futile as a marble needle or a marble mountain; they accommodate bird life alone and in a few years are streaked and striped; the letters become effaced and the stranger pauses, bewildered, to ask the policeman what it is all about. an* OUR national capital has many equestrian statues which cause the tourist to consult his guide book, for the bronze riders have retired to obscurity or relatively so, and the presence of them on every hand gives Washington the appearance of a riding academy. a a a With the advent of the automobile, the equestrian statue has been pushed out of the plans and specifications, and it never would do to immortalize Pershing, ror instance, sitting in a bronze limousine. Either be and his associates mush be perpetuated m foot or thny must have a beacorfibr something.

RY FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

Bacteria May Do the Work of Huge Machine in Factories and Shops of the Future. THE huge machines of modern factories and shops may be replaced by bacteria at some future date. The statement sounds like the dream of some novelist of the H. Or. Wells type. But it is made by leading experts of the American Chemical Society. When the American Chemical Society holds its annual meeting in ! Cincinnati from Sept. 8 to 12, one of the sessions will be a symposium | on ferments. Under the heading of ferments, the chemists class yeasts, molds and bacteria, minute living organisms which cause chemical changes of various sorts. “Few, if any, workmen can be employed so cheaply as ferments," leaders of the society say. “All they demand is food, satisfactory living quarters and certain specific adjustments in moisture, temperature, and acidity, with protection from their enemies; and they work without reference to time or wages. “We yet may find better ways of doing things than by gigantic masses of metal machinery, the use of great blocks of power, and the requirements of inordinate capital expenditure and investments." BUM Wine TPHE use of ferments in certain H kinds of manufacturing processes is of course exceedingly old. Beer and wine have been manufactured for many, many centuries. But it was not until the days of Pasteur, the great French chemist, that mankind understood that yeast was a living organism which caused the fermentation to take place. But the employment of ferments in industrial processes is something new. Dr. H. T. Herrick of the United States Bureau of Chemistry is secretary of the symposium planned for the Cincinnati meeting. Dr. Herrick is well known for his research on molds. Leading research chemists, according to Dr. Herrick, will discuss the nature of fermentations and their mechanism at the Cincinnati meeting. They will disclose how organisms like molds, first cousins to the molds feund on wet leather and old bread; yeasts, used in making bread; and bacteria, better known in disease, are being put to work. The auta and motion picture industries are fields in which ferments now are employed extensively. BUB New INDUSTRIAL fermentations, Dr. Herrick says, are finding new and important uses in modern life. Butanol and acetone, made from corn by the action of bacteria, he cited as-an example-. This process first was worked out for the purpose of supplying acetone for the manufacture of airplane “dope” during the war. Now the butanol is the more important of the two products and is the leading ingredient of the spray paints for autos. Gluconic acid is anew acid whose price recently has been reduced from SIOO to 50 cents a pound. It is utilized chiefly as a pharmaceutical in the form of a calcium salt. Citric acid, the acid in lemon juice, now is obtained from sugar by the action of molds. It is used in soft drinks, and as a pharmaceutical. Acetic acid, the acid in vinegar, now is used n artificial silk and safety moving picture films. Gallic acid, used in dyes and inks, is produced from nut galls by the action of molds. During the war the uniforms of our sailors were dyed, with a gallic acid derivative. - Glycerine, best known as ..a byproduct of soap manufacture, is used chiefly in manufacture of explosives. A fermentation process was worked out in Germany during the war because of the shortage of fats. Industrial enzymes are obtained from yeasts and molds, but separate from them, and are used in textiles, candy making and tanning. Lactic acid in sour milk is made from glucose by bacteria, and is used in tanning, in the manufacture of solvents, and as a pharmaceutical.

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—ls any one is going to buy the city railway at junk prices, why does not the city buy it? If the city ever is going to acquire its own transportations system, when is the best time to do so, if not when the price is a junk price? Is the city going to stand by and allow outside interests to acquire the city railway and boost the fare

±±3EIL 3

THE FIRST CONGRESS September 5

ON Sept. 5, 1774, the first continental congress met in Carpenters’ hall, Philadelphia. Fifty-five delegates, representing all the colonies but Georgia, attended the first assembly. They represented a population of 2,000,000. Resolutions from various sections of the country, stating their wrongs, were presented to the congressmen. Also, a petition to the British king (the declaration of rights and grievances), was ordered. That document stated that by the riddance of the system of laws and regulations of which the colonists complained, harmony would be restored. “We ask but for peace, liberty and safety," the petition declared. “We wish not a diminution of the prerogative, nor do we solicit the grant of any new right in our favor. Your royal authority over (is- and our connection with Great Britain, we always carefully and zealously shall endeavor, to support and maintain.” The delegates agreed that another congress should be held within a month unless the-redress of-griev-ances which they desired was obtained before that time. The first continental congress* adjourned Oct. 2f,, after a secret session of fifty-one diys.

DANCING MASTERS INCONVENTION SEEK NEW DANCE STEPS-nwsmqt C v kM// ' I v y~ 4*Jj’ ~ -8-==T * puS>YFOOT

Typhoid Generally Under Control

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor. Journal of the American Medical Association, and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. AGAIN and again it has been pointed out that the greatest step ever taken by medical science followed the discovery by the chemist Pasteur of the germ causation of disease. When the cause of a condition is known, it is possible to prevent it more certainly, to treat it more accurately, and inded to eliminate entirely if one can obtain public cooperation. When the mode of transmission is quite certainly determined. the tfisk becomes even less difficult. Thus, typhoid fever, formerly one of the great scourges of mankind, now is quite generally under control, and from many communities

IT SEEMS TO ME

IHAD not intended to write anything about the death of my father, but I must. If I include many other fathers in this brief column, it may be possible to escape the charge of bad taste. But this, always has been, by intent and instinct, a personal record. There is such a thing as leaning over too far. On the day my father died I sat down and marked time by writing a column about the sea and cats and preoccupations which may move men to achieve a literary style. It was warmed-over stuff from half and three-quarters remember-ed columns written years ago. But in .any such painful effort to gain detachment from the thing actually in your mind there must be a very palpable insincerity. That I came to realize. And the acuteness of the realization was accented by the paragraphs in the newspapers which marked the passing of a man of 80. Things Do Not Matter AND at this point it is fair enough to generalize. Save in the case of the very great, and perhaps not even then, the news notes inevitably must be inadequate. The reporter ascertains when this man was born and where, with what

to 10 cents, as just was done in Ft. Wayne? Or are the people of the city going to let the outside interests acquire the city railway and then tie the line up with the city’s exchequer in such way that any running deficits may be made up by funds front- the city’s treasury, as has been done elsewhere. If the manufacturers of the city want more satisfied help in their factories, why do not they get behind a movement to acquire the city railway and keep the fares down to where they are at present, or make them lower? If the Chamoer of Commerce wants to attract outside interests, why hot get back of a movement to aquire the city railway for the city and have low fares for workers as an added inducement to attract industry to Indianapolis? Or did the new school head hit the nail on the head when he said at a recent meeting, ‘‘What we want to do is to train men and women to be good followers,” and stifle initiative among the people, so they will not assert themselves and rise above their common lot and try to better their circumstances? In other words, if the accepted way is to have the city railway owned by outside interests which will raise the fares, then a man is an “eccentric” who proposes that the people of the city own and operate their own city railway system. Be that as it may, I offer this suggestion anonymously, because I frankly admit I do not want the power trust riding my neck for proposing this. The trouble is that more and more men are getting to feel the same way about these things. Fewer and fewer men care to advocate anything opposed to the accepted way of doing things, which in most, instances is for profit and not for the people. Herein lies a suggestion laden with opportunity for benefiting the city of Indianapolis. Why not tak| the bull by the horns and smoke out these gentry, who no doubt will be opposed bitterly to this thing?Yours, 2 W A READER.

Strike Up the Band!

has been almost eliminated. The death rate from typhoid fever has fallen from 35.9 per 100,000 population in 1900 to 7.8 in 1920, and to even lower figure for 1930. The death rate in large cities of the United States is less than 3 per 100,000. Os typhoid fever the cause is now known. It is understood that the disease is transmitted by infection of food and water and by carriers of typhoid germs. A method of diagnosis exists in the form of a test of the blood which indicates fairly certain whether the individual is subject to the disease. There is not for typhoid fever, however, as yet any specific method of treatment that overcomes the, disease immediately. It has not begn possible to prepare by inoculation of animals any serum or vaccine

business activities he w r as affiliated, the list of his clubs and the names of surviving relatives. Os this one it is said that for forty years he was engaged cotton market.. . Os another it may be related that he helped to found an athletic club .or Vas a dignitary in some fraternal organization. And through any such wide-meshed set of facts the real man must slip through. Every individual is more than his. job, his social activities, and his span of- years. It is a pity that when each one of us dies the essence may not survive, whether the person be notable or not. In the heart of every one there is the desire to know what will be said about him in the papers. I remember a story of two years ago about a dying newspaper man who called his wife to his bedside when his end was near and with his remaining store of strength and voice dictated to her what he would like to have printed about himself. As he wrote it the paragraphs appeared humble and modest enough. But at least the dying man was assured that the facts were straight. What I have in mind are things less tangible. Somebody called me on the telephone the afternoon of my father’s death to ask for some little information about, him. I failed, because there was much- - forgot in the matter of mere material detail, and even more I left out because it hardly fell within the tradition of what constitutes a conventional obituary. Later it seemed to me unsatisfactory that a man of long life should have his existence summed up to some extent as “the father of the newspaper columnist.” Such a report shifts the emphasis. It makes the wrong man seem the debtor. ana A Living.L : fe AND yet there are practical difficulties in presenting any true and live picture within the confines of limited newspaper space. Once there was written a complete portrait of my father, but by a man who never knew him. And this adequate portrait required the full generosity of a two-volume novel. If you play the game of identifying your friends with famous folk of°fiction, I can explain my father to you by saying that he was to the life Thackeray's -Colonel Newcome, with just a dash of Major Pendennis. The reporter at the other end of the telephone would have been surprised if, instead of saying that Heywood Cox Broun was the founder of a printing business and a member of the Racquet and Tennis Club, I had said, “The most important thing to mention is that Mr. Broun was just about the most charming man anybody has ever known.” And yet this report would have been more accurate and vital. I always have been interested in problems, of heredity and the curious manner in which people are conditioned by ricochet rather than direct fire'. For instance, there is the fact that my father was an ardent national guardsman and at one time among the four or five crack rifle shots in the entire country. When r ’ •• 1 . - Daily Thought A companion pf foob shall be destroyed.—Proverbs 13:20. friends .are good—goc-d. if well chosen.—DeFo. . V- T . *.*t

that will overcome the organisms in the body. True, tire vaccine will build in a normal individual resistance against the disease, and it is advised, particularly when one is going to travel abroad or in the country or in any place of uncertain water supply, that he be inoculated against typhoid fever. After the disease once is established in the body, the vaccine does not cure it any quicker than the patient can be cured by the usual methods of treatment. Neither is there for typhoid fever, as for malaria or for syphilis, a drug which has a specific effect on the germ. - Research is tending toward the attempt to discover such drugs or specific biologic methods of treatment, but the answer is not in sight,'

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

DV HEYWOOD BROUN

I was a child the house was filled with gold and silver medals as tokens of this prowess. And I, his son, ani a fanatical pacifist, and have never so much as fired a gun in my life. : # MB There Is Consistency YET there is consistency in this. We were always told, as children, never to point a guq_ at anybody—not -even a cap pistol—and it is not altogether strange that I grew up with a feeling that there is something almost inherently evil in firearms. When I went to tell him that I was running for congress on the Socialist ticket he was a little surprised and yet hot displeased, though I was turning on a road which ran almost at right angles from the highway. We kept close through many episodes in which I followed philosophies quite foreign to his own. We kept close because of his wisdom. All he ever wanted to know was jyhether I believed honestly and sincerely in the path which I had chosen. If I could convince him of that the thing I did was all right, whether or not he grasped the detail of jny. emotion or my reasoning. And in some respects I have tried to follow more closely the tradition which he set. I take pride in the fact that my father was a gay man, that he liked to give and receive parties. For many years after he was well past 70 we kept, with all the ardor of a religious rite, a cocktail hour. I always have felt that truly kindly people, like my father, must be men who have themselves a flair for fun. Only from the exuberant is it possible to get an enlivening return in the executioh of the commandment, “Love thy neighbor as thyself.” Nor could his tombstone have a better inscription than this: “He took and gave much joy In life.” (Copyright. 1939. hr Tne Times! (

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.SEPT. 5, 1930

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

The Idea of Employing Small Boys as Snoopers for Dry Agents Is a Little Shoekg. • — r ONE can think of many reasons why dry agents should go to school. First, the trade is comparatively new. Second, they are so unfamiliar with the effects of intoxicants, or, ought to be, that a little power might make them drunk. Third, the problem they face is not only complicated, but staggering. On the whole, those sponsoring the artificial drought are to be commended for seeking greater efficiency on the part of their subordinates through a systematic course of training. Some probably will argue that they could have done just as well with correspondence or extension lectures, but the advantage of personal contact and exchange of ideas appears obvious for comment. ' m m a The Depth of Snooping IT goes without saying that tricks, wiles, disguises, eavesdropping, and other peculiar, If not questionable, methods of gaining information should play no small part, in a dry agent’s education. But the idea of employing Small boys as snoopers is a little shocking. Irresistibly, one’s memory reverts to “Old Fagin and the kinchen lay," as described by Charles Dickens in Oliver Twist, and it becomes difficult not to wonder whether the “Professor” did not borrow a page from that immortal book. “Two boys can engage in games near the home of the subject without attracting much attention, whereas a man loitering in the neighborhood soon would arouse suspicion,’* reads a paragraph from the text on “shadowing" as prepared by Harry M. Dengler, director of the dry agents’ school. For perfection’s sake, the kind of game should have been designated. If the boys were playing something innocent. or harmless, there still would be a chance of arousing . suspicion, but if they went in for craps, or stud poker, the hardiest hooch hound would have no cause to suppose that he was being watched. One only can marvel at this pal- , pable oversight. ■ BUM France Wields Lash THE French government certainly is doing things up brown when it comes to penalizing those who fail to fit its ideas of righteousness, rectitude, or regularity. It net only has dismissed William Randolph Hearst because one of his reporters was unfortunate enough to purchase or purloin the copy of a proposed secret pact, but has refused to grant a visa to Maurice Domier, brother of the German aircraft designer, and has made it impossit'e for General Von Moltke to visit his son's grave in northern France. . Maurice Domier, though born in Germany, had a French father, and that, according to French law, made him liable to military service. Since he did not recognize his liability, and did not answer the French call to arms in 1914, he is rated as % deserter. General Von Moltjce, or at least an officer of the. same name, Is oh the French blacklist of German military officers, charged with misconduct during the war. When he asked for permission to visit his son’s grave, he was told that he could so so by proving that he was not in command of such and such a regiment on such and such a day. He Said he was not, but must refuse to visit a land which maintained a blacklist twelve years after the war fever had died down. BUM French Misrepresented-' NO people on earth are so misrepresented by their government as the French. The cold, calculating methods of the Quai D’Orsay stand out in strange contrast to the kindness and tolerance which pervade the rest of the country. This is one of the great mysteries - of modern politics. How such a lovable people should have had the misfortune to be affilicted with such a cynical brand of statesmanship at this particular moment can be explained as the result of some caprice of inscrutable fate. During the war, most of us recognized that there were two Germanies-- one symbolized by militarism, the other by intellectual greatness. But there was no greater difference between the two Germanies of war than there is between the two Frances of peace—the France of officialdom, and the France that has done so much for art, literature and the general happiness of mankind,