Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 97, Indianapolis, Marion County, 1 September 1930 — Page 4
PAGE 4
SCRIPPS-HOWARD
Labor Day The day set aside to the celebration of the dignity and rights of labor finds a larger number of unemployed than ever before. That is true not only of this country but of Germany, Britain and Italy. The establishment of Labor day as a national holiday was a political concession to the power of organized labr. Its founders believed that on this day there would be parades, speeches, counseling together for future plans. The early demands of labor were for a living wage, shorter hours, sanitary factory conditions. These have been obtained, together with judicial decisions that labor is not a commodity to be bought and sold in the competitive marts, but is human, endowed with inalienable rights to live under safe and decent conditions. Whether present labor organizations can solve the present inevitable problems of unemployment is doubtful. Their psychology built up during the years does not fit into the new problem, which is not that of competing for work between organized and unorganized labor, but of so distributing labor as to make full use of modern invention without compelling men replaced by machinery to join the bread lines of the workless. * The new problem involves the right to work. It should challenge not only the workers whose job may be taken by a machine tomorrow, but the owners of industry who are anxious to retain the benefits of their ownership. Industry, and that means labor resources as well a* machinery, can not exist half idle and half busy. New industries, offering opportunities for the workless, or a distributon of jobs among available labor, must solve what is rapidly becoming not only a national but an international problem.
Cutting the National Melon Are the rich getting richer Mid the poor poorer? Would we all be rich if our national income were divided up equally? Do the wag? earners get enough to support their families in decency? Are the capitalists racing away with most cf the income of the country? Questions like these are bound to come forward w'hen we approach any statment of the distribution of income in the United States. We now have available and the most comprehensive treatment of this subject, “National Income and Its Purchasing Power,” by W. I. King and his associates of the national bureau of economic research. How does this compilation answer some of these more usual questions? In the first place, it emphasizes the fact of the enormous increase in the total national income. This has jumped from $29,605,000,000 in 1909 to $89,419,000,000 in 1928. Which classes have profited most from this increase? Apparently the employes are getting a larger percentage now than twenty years ago. In 1909 the capitalists (employers) received 49.03 per cent of the total. In 1928 they were getting 42.83 per cent. In 1909 all classes of employes received 50.97 per cent; in 1928 it was 57.17 per cent. Those of the employed who benefited most were the salaried classes. The wage earners’ share of the national income increased by less than one-half of 1 per cent during this period. In 1909 'it stood at 35.56 per cent; in 1928 at 36.05 per cent. What about the old charge that the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting pooner? The tables seem to bear this out. The proportion of the national income going to persons having an income less that $5,000 has been declining since 1921. In 1926 it was less than in 1914. On the other hand, the share going to those with incomes of $5,000 has increased markedly since 1921. Further, the number of persons having an income of $25,000 to $150,000 has doubled since 1921. The number with incomes of more than $150,000 has increased five-fold insce 1921, Would everybody be prosperous if we divided up the national income equally among all the-popula-tion? If this were done, the per capita income would be $749 per person for 1928. For a family of five this would mean $3,745. This would bring comfort, but not luxury. In reality, each actual w'age earner in 1927 received on the average $1,205. With the minimum of health and decency budget for a family of five set at from $1,600 to $2,200, this means that we have a good way to go in bringing about any distribution of our national income which would be compatible with comfort and decency for the masses. Professor King also estimates that over 2,000,000 workers were idle in 1927. It can not be maintained that the figures relative to the distribution of our national income prove that we are a democracy in any social or economic sense. Great numbers still stagger along in want, worry and misery.
A New Loophole for Coal and Iron Police The coal and iron policeman of Pennsylvania is a fearful and wonderful being. According to the acts of Feb. 27, 1865, and April 11, 1866, which brought this strange creature into .existence, this “officer of the law’’ is selected by the coal companies, or the railroads, is paid exclusively by the private companies, and may be discharged by these companies. Yet he is at the same time commissioned by the Governor of the state, and has full authority to act as a public officer. In the light of his choice and remuneration, does the legal relation of master and servant exist between the private companies and the coal and iron policeman! Are the companies liable for the acts of their cops? Can the companies be sued for damages as a result of the acts of the coal and iron policemen serving them? This is a question of crucial importance. If the companies are not liable, then we have a case of wellnigh complete irresponsibility on the part of the coal and iron companies and the rail^bads. Their representatives can do anything they please for the companies and the railroads. Their representatives can do anything they please for the companies in the name of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the injured parties have no redress. This atrocious state of affairs seems actually to exist as a result of a recent but overlooked decision by Judge Sadler of the supreme court of Pennsylvania, ruling in appeal in the case of Fagan vs. the Pittsburgh Terminal Coal Corporation. The facts are essentially as follows: Fagan was an officer of the United Mine Workers. He tried to Induce strikebreakers to dismount from a truck of the coal company standing before the Wabash building In Pittsburgh. Two coal and iron policemen employed by the company remonstrated with him. He denounced these policemen in decisive terms. He waa arrested by the policemen, aided by ja third who came to the scene. and Fagan was token before a magistrate and Amc ted
The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Co., 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY, ROY W. HOWARD, FRANK G MORRISON, Editor President Business Manager PHONE —RIey 5551 MONDAY. SEPT 1, 1930. Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations, “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”
of disorderly conduct. The county court reversed the case on a technicality. Wh. jpon Fagan sued the coal company for false arrest. He was awarded a judgment of $3,000. The company appealed the case and Judge Sadler reversed the verdict. He declared that the company was not liable for damages done by the coal and iron policemen in their employ. His reasoning was as follows: "The disorderly conduct occurred on the public highway, and there was no evidence to show that the company directed, instigated or took part in the apprehension or detention of Fagan. It was not made because of a violation of the rules of the coal company, or to protect its. property, nor does it appear that any wrongful act was ratified by the defendant (coal company) or one acting with authority for it. “There was no evidence to overcome the presumption that the act complained of was done by the commissioned officers in official capacity, and not as servants of the coal company, and the latter can not for that reason be held liable.” According to this decision it would seem that the deal and iron police can carry on as they see fit and yet the companies employing them can escape responsibility for their acts unless some responsible official cf the company is present and specifically approves the act in question. Isn't this a blank warrant for licensed brutality without redress?
A Week of Liberty in the United States A recent bulletin of the American Civil Liberties Union presents an interesting cross-section of the statue of liberty and justice in the United States. It covers the whole country and deals with a variety of cases. The denial of justice and equality to southern textile workers appeared in the upholding of the Gastonia convictions by the supreme court of North Carolina. The sentence of the men convicted of murdering Police Chief Aderholt were affirmed, in spite of the errigular conduct of the trial and the argument on appeal by so distinguished a man as Senator Hardwick, of Georgia. Approval of open season on strikers is affirmed and continued. The members of the I. w. W. who were convicted of murder for defending their headquarters at Centralia, Wash., against an attack by the American Legion on Armistice day, 1919, still are held in prison. But death has brought Belief to one, James Mclnerney, and another, Loren Roberts, was freed by court order. Roberts long has been suffering from a serious mental malady. In Indiana, James Claypool, a member of the antiLewis group of the United Mine Workers, was kidnaped and taken over the Illinois line to be tarred and feathered and threatened with death. His assailants have not been prosecuted, though their identity is w r ell known. In New York City, Commissioner Mulrooney completely whitewashed his force for brutality against the Communists after the Union square meeting on Aug. 1. He held that the case could not be supported against individual policemen. He did not try to deny that there was convincing evidence of injury to several persons at the hands of the police. Generalized violence' was condoned because it could not be individualized. In the summer of 1928, John B. Eastenes and five other men were shot down in Colorado by the state police. They were parading peacefully and unarmed on a public highway as part of their procedure in a strike against the Roeky Mountain Fuel Company. The American Civil Liberties Union brought civil suits in behalf of Eastenes’ widow and children against the compariy and pubic officials involved. The supreme court of Colorado just has thrown the action out of the courts. Such is the exhibit for a week in the summer of 1930. It does no good to whine, but the facts may help some to take constructive steps to reclaim the heritage of the land of the free and the home of the brave. From the beauty specialist convention in Chicago comes the news that the average family spends S9O a jear on cosmetics and beauty treatments. Money well invested when you consider those who use them often feel they look like a million dollars. It is only when they are behind a putter that some men feel free to mutter. “Thank you,” said the chiropractor, “I'm feeling spine.” •*
REASON by FREDERICK LANDIS
TT must be wonderful to live out in Los Angeles T,u ne can receive spiritual consolation from Aimie McPherson, who is alleged to have engaged in a one-round bout with her mother, breaking her nose. Now that the Bambergers and the Watkinses of Chicago have finally succeeded in straightening out their baby confusion, it’s a safe bet that if either of the mothers has another child, she will havedt at home instead of a hospital. a >t DUT the king of England is not the only political bi s bug who has his speeches written for him. Many of our Presidents have had their happy hits written by others and many of our politicians, now writing sydicated columns, have the &me provided in the same manner. u tt st We’ve had all other kinds of national conventions in America and now we should have a national convention of our ghost writers. What a sensation it would be for each to be introduced in turn and tell the audience the particular giant for whom he furnishes brains. u a a The Marshall Fields have broken up their happy home, the three children to commute back and forth between the divorced partners. Field has been remarried and she probably .will follow suit, in which event it will be a wonderful bringing up for the kids. a a a THERE should be a separate set of rules governing the divorce business where the parties have children, and they should be a lot more stringent than where the parties have none. * a a All in all. the children of the poor get better bringing up than the children of the rich, that is they meet their folks out informally, while the children of the rich are raised synthetically by nurse and governesses. A discreet baby will select a blacksmith and his wife for parents rather than a multi-millionaire and his wife. a a a The New Zealand parliament has passed a bill, taxing each worker who has a jok $7.50 to help the workers who have no jobs. ’ This wouldn't be very popular in America.
THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES
SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ
A True-Style of Architecture Is Being Developed by Modem Conditions, Says Yale Dean. MODERN life and conditions are leading to development of a true style of architecture. This is the opinion of Dean Everett V. Meeks of the Yale university school of fine arts. Dr. Meeks sets forth his opinion in a report prepared for the American Institute of Architects. He characterizes the new style aS “expressive not only of contemporary materials and methods of construction and function, but reflecting as well modern life, modern ideals and particularly latter-day conceptions of beauty of form.” A definite and rationalized development in architectural forms leading to this outcome is taking place, according to Dean Meeks. “The entire world of art today is facing the grave problem of what laymen, critics and artists alike are going to do about the contemporary movement in art,” he says. “There exists an attitude in the architectural profession and among critics toward style as it applies to present-day design so complicated that not only must it puzzle the layman, perhaps even disgust him, but what is even worse, completely disorient himi.” B tt B Paths ARCHITECTS today are faced with the choice of three paths, each leading to a different possible school of design, Dr. Meeks says. “A certain proportion of contemporary architects individually and deliberately have chosen from the catalog of the past a single style in which to work,” he says. “These may be classed as the one style school. Richardson and his neo-Eomanesque is an outstanding example. Choosing one style to work in develops experts, but it has led to inappropriate design. “In directly contrary manner has grown up the second of the modern schools, which perhaps may be called the all styles school, composed of architects designing to order in any and all styles. The Eclectics &re perhaps the geratest of the modem groups in numbers, if not in performance. Think of the same man being so lacking in conviction as to be ready, to design at command a Gothic, Jacobean, Louis XVI, or Colonial structure!
“And in the third place we have the school of designers compdsed of independent thinkers, who are tired of what they consider the inappropriatenesses of the first group, and of the numberless mediocrities of a true contemporaneous style expression, and are convinced that modem work should reflect modern life, modern times, and modern materials and construction.” * B Creative TT is this third school which is A attracting the younger creative American architects and leading to development of anew true style, according to Dr. Meeks. “It is the work of this latter type of designer which makes an immediate and extraordinary appeal,” he says. “Those who follow the work of our architectural students of today know well the influence of this latter school of new design. Under its banner more and more of our better student designers are enrolling. “And an interesting and important element in this movement is the encouragement they are receiving from the profession. “The duty that faces -architects and critics is not to try and stamp out such a logical return to fundamental principles of design, which after all developed and produced the best characteristic work of the best periods respectively of the past, but to try to understand and direct it.” Among the leaders' of the new school, Dean Meeks classes George Howe. Ralph Walker, Raymond Hood, Holabird and Root in this country, the younger group in Paris, Ostberg In Sweden and Saarinen, formerly of Finland.
-TdOAV'IBiTHe 5 - dbnaEHrnaJ: LABOR DAY September 1 T ABOR DAY, an annual holiday in honor of workingmen and working women, is celebrated in every state of the Union today. As Labor day is designated for the first ; Monday in September, it falls on no fixed date. The idea for the holiday was born ! in Boston, but to Matthew Maguire, I secretary of the Central Labor I Union in New York City, credit be- | longs for launching the "first formal j movement. /. In 1882 he corresponded with the ..various labor organizations in his j state with a view to setting aside i one day in each year as their own I holiday. The proposition approved, the j first Monday in September was I chosen. Maguire was made chair - | man of the committee to arrange | for the first Labor day celebraj tion. It proved so successful that it was I decided to continue the holiday annually. The next year the New York Central Labor Union corresponded with similar organizations throughout the country with a view to having celebrations elsewhere. A numoer of citiqp responded. When the holiday began to assume a national character New York made the day a legal holiday. Massachusetts and then other states ; soon followed suit. On June 28. | 1834. the President signed a bill making Labor day a legal holiday. Daily Thought For in much wisdom is much grief: and he that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow.— Eeclescasfes 1:18. He is oft the wiseth man who is not wise at all.—Wordsworth.
NEW YORK TAKES WHISTLES FROM TRAFFIC COPS IN ANTI-NOISE MOVE —NEWS NOTE T ANG GIMME THAT PEC THAT WHISTLE ANTI- IT'S MAKING NOISE TOO MUCH -AND DON'T LET ME HEAR SEND YOU SNEEZING RATTLE THE AGAIN CLOTHES PIN RATTLE WAGON!
Overweight Not Always Due to Food
BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association, and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. IT, might seem from all the discussion and disturbance that has taken place in recent years on the subject of overweight that all problems of overweight have been settled fully by the investigators of medical science. There are, however, many unsolved problems which disturb the physiologist as well as the clinician. It has been argued that overweight is merely the result of bad physiologic bookkeeping; in other words, that overweight practically always is due to overeating and that it practically always can be controlled by proper diet. The majority of medical opinion is against that point of view. Obesity or overweight is usually
IT SEEMS TO ME
CALVIN COOLIDGE has begun to go thte way of all columnists. He has started Ito wisecrack. I knew it had to happen eventually, but it has come much sooner than I expected I felt he could continue for another month or so with little pieces pointing out that the sun rises in the East and that unemployment is caused by people being out of work. His first venture into the comic field is mild enough. Coolidge did no more than write, in a column explaining that Frenchmen live in France, “They remembered the Marne.” This punning reference to our famous Spanish-American war slogan might not definitely establish the fact Coolidge is out to ride with the hounds who bay and bay and bay. I’m not saying he has become a snappy paragrapher overnight. Such things take time. Walter Winchcll wasn’t made in a day. tt tt st Coolidge, Comic Muse BUT it is a beginning. And once the move lias been made, momentum gathers swiftly. Within a month I predict that Calvin Coolidge will be remembering paired Irishmen and repeating Ford jokes. Even an ex-President can’t get a daily piece forever out of the United States Constitution and the Ten Commandments. The air grows rarified when any one flies constantly for platitude. Mark you, I’m not blaming Coolidge in the least. Even to a serious writer like myself days come when the temptation to try a gag —good or bad—becomes irresistible. Calvin Coolidge is, among other things, human. Naturally, it pleases him when cronies say: “That was a fast one you pulled in your column today. Cal.” Decorous approbation for noble sentiments expressed is well enough, but every newspaper man needs at times more heady stuff. He craves the swift exhilaration that comes from the laughter of the crowd. Yet for this wine of stimulation he must pay the price. I hope Coolidge is embarking upon the career of a funny, man with both eyes open. Between us there is so much in common that I hope he will understand that all advice I may give is of the most friendly nature. Both of us are attempting the difficult stunt of trying to combine campaigning and columns. It. is true that Coolidge is politically obscure at the moment. He didn't get any nomination this year. Better luck next time, Cal. And I am sure there will be a next time. Though the tnemory of voters is short, some few of us still remember that Calvin Coolidge gave an excellent account of himself as a selectman in Northampton. That Old Sun Dodger! HIS chance will come again, but I want to warn him about what the electorate and the daily papers will say when next he enters the political arena. He will have to face the charge that he is, after all, a comic columnist and that it is his business to get out a daily entertaining screed and leave more momentous things to the serious-miftjaed, who neither Joke nor spin. The rumor will gain currency that
Pipe Down!
DAILY HEALTH SERVICE
due to an accumulation of largeamounts of fat distributed in the places where fat is usually distributed, but particularly in the abdominal wall, so that the obese person develops the appearance indicating “that coming events cast their shadows before.” Women normally have a little more fat under the skin than do men. Asa rule the average person maintains for ten years approximately a certain weight, which varies hardly a pound in any one year from another. Obviously there is In the human body a regulating mechanism for balancing the intake and output so that the certain weight will remain fairly constant. If a person overexercises, he eats more; if he takes less exercise, he feels less need for food and eats less. This is largely automatic.
BY
Coolidge has gone into politics simply to get publicity ror the Column he is running. There will be a whispering campaign to the effect that he never goes to bed except by accident or invitation. Somebody will politics is no place for a trout fisherman. Particularly for a man who uses worms as bait. They will rake up old photographs of Coolidge with a sap bucket. Coolidge attempting to ride a bucking bronco. Coolidge in a five-gallon hat, and ask whether any person so undignified has a right to sit in solemn conclave with the selectmen of Northampton. More than that, It may be roundly asserted that he is just running for the exercise and that it would be a tragic disappointment to him if he won, since that might interfere with his newspaper job and his radio broadcasting. And, of course, his opponents will say: “Cal is a nice fellow, but why throw away your vote?” n a u Not Bad for Beginner' I TRUST Coolidge will have the hardihood to stand the gaff. It seems to me not unreasonable that a personage who was once the First Gentleman of the Land should have his fling at trying‘to be the twentyfifth wit. “Remember the Marne!” is not bad at all—not for a begniner. I’ve heard worse than that pulled in the late hours at the Thanatopsis Club. Above all, Coolidge’s little jest has in no shade of impropriety. It’s just good, clean fun.
Times Readers Voice Views
Editor Times—l saw an article in The Times of Aug. 28 purporting to be answers to queries. Among them was an answer to one asking: “What is usury?” Answer: “Any excess over the legal rate of interest charged to the borower of money.” “This is incorrect and misleading. It is true that our modern system of finance has lent that interpretation to the word and through the loose methods employed by our high financiers they have gone a long way in establishing as a custom, the vicious use and confusing of this word with any excess over the legal rate of interest. • But, strictly speaking, usury means and is interest of any kind and so is rendered in the Bible. And it is out of these false interpretations, especially on usury, that the Bible has been rendered and reduced to an instrument to confuse and mislead the toiling masses. Let me quote you. God Himself speaking denounces and condemns the bitter exaction of usury or interest, Ex. 22:22; Neh. 5, 7 and 10; Psalms 15. And Christ was just as vigorous in His denunciation pertaining to it, ringing down to us through the centuries in Luke 6:35', "Lend without usury or interest, never despairing.” That is, never taking away the hope of the world and “never doubting that God will reward your obedience.” Henry Ward Beecher likens interest as a blight more pitiful and potential than the Canada thistle, and says it blinds industry with a film as a ffv,is bound in a spider's web. And in and around this modern
As one advances toward middk. age. he begins to add a little to the store of body fat, at 35 years weighing approximately ten pounds more than at 25, and at 50, ten or twenty pounds more than at 35. This takes place so regularly that it is conceded to b- "orm-’ T t probably is due to lessened activity, a lowered activity, particularly of the glands, and perhaps to a more quiet life in every possible way. There are people, however, who gain much more weight than has been described as 'the normal gain. There are some families which tend to be fat. as the’-’ are animals thin and fat, large and small- so also there are human bein'— -f various shapes and sizes due to the heredity of the family and to racial type. A German woman tends to be fat, and a Japanese woman to be thin.
Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.
f There was, .of course, one great Republican who managed to achieve political success in spite of the fact that some of his jokes were not for mixed company. But he ran before the days of-suffrage. % Emulation is difficult. If Coolidge hears or invents any anecdotes having to do with a farmer’s wife and a traveling salesman I urge him to confine the telling to such occasions on which he is whooping it up with the newspaper boys. Stories like that are calculated to lose him votes. Politics, like the theater, is a jealous and an enticing mistress. The officeholder returns to his own platform. Not forever can the former selectmen sit upon the sidelines chirping rrom time to time: “Hold ’em, Hoover” He, too, will itch to raise a, right hand against the evening sky and shout: “Fellow voters of Northampton, if elected I promise you that ” It doesn’t matter what he promises. The simple slogan of “Get hot with Calvin Coolidge!” should sweep him back to power. He can shed the mantle of the professional humorist without great difficulty. At such times as he wants to say somehing excruciating let him just think of the present tariff and grow sour- /isaged upon the instant. Anyhow, who says that there is no room for anything funny in politics? Isn’t the noble experiment still with us? And so I welcome a comrade in quest of his youth. (Copyright. 1930. bv Thu Times)
institution of usury or interest lies the key that will unlock the door to all true progress. The future philosopher who brings about a social reconstruction and opens our eyes to the dawn of anew day, the millennium or the brotherhood of man and the fatherhood of God, will weave his fabric out of a material in which the warp and woof never have been desecrated by the iniquitous, pernicious, and souldestroying poison of usury or interest. Please rectify this mistake and oblige. WILLIAM MARSHALL.
Here Y’Are, Movie Fans Our Washington bureau has put up in a single packet, four of its informative bulletins of particular interest to those interested in motion pictures and stars of the silver screen. The titles are: 1. Directory of Picture Stars. 3. Popular Women of the Screen. 2. Popular Men of the Screen. 4. History of Motion Pictures. If you want this packet, fill out the coupon below and mail as directed. CLIP COUPON HERE MOTION PICTURE EDITOR, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 NewYork avenue, Washington, D. C. I want the packet of four bulletins on MOTION PICTURES, and enclose herewith 15 cents in coin, or loose, uncancelled, United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. NAME STREET AND NUMBER .... CITY ... STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)
SEPT. 1, 193
M. E. Tracy SAYS:
We Should Not Be Surprised That Latin Amcn ca Finds, the Monroe Doctrine Distasteful and Humiliating. AS a nation w® live In the world more distinctly than in the western hemisphere. Our trade with Europe is more extensive than our trade with Latin America; our travel to and from Europe is grater and our relations are more inti.mate. This is due to natural conditions, as well as to the effect of modern progress. Asa general proposition, European nations are closer to us than those of Latin-America. Besides, they have larger populations and greater wealth, consume more on the one hand and have more to sell on the other. All of which makes the Monro® doctrine seem rather out pf place. 808 Theory Is Exploded WHEN the Monroe Doctrine was formulated, most people regarded the Atlantic ocean not only as a formidable barrier, but as dividing tire world into two distinct parts. Asa matter of fact, the doclrin® was predicated on the theory that, since America had no right to meddle in European affairs, Europe had no right to meddle in American affairs. One has only to recall the Great war to realize what has happened to that theory. With 50,000 doughboys buried in France, it seems rather absurd td persist in the illusion that the old world and the new have nothing in common, and that the United States lias a natural right to play the role of Lord Defender of the western hemisphere, on the ground that It can and will keep its nose out of a European row.
Need Has .Passed FURTHERMORE, the Monroa Doctrine was predicated on the theory that we were obligated to protect the newly formed republics of Latin America because they represented a political system that was not only similar to our own, but diametrically opposed to that of Europe. In 1825 the European governments were virtually all monarchies. In 1930 virtually all are republics, even though a few kings survive. The need of keeping Europe out of Latin America to preserve democracy, which so impressed our forefathers, no longer exists. B B *,M Wiped Off the Map TO sum it up,, a century of mechanical improvements and trade expansion has wiped about every condition which justified the Monroe Doctrine off the map. There are problems peculiar to the western hemisphere, of course, just as there are problems peculiar to Europe, and an American league, modeled after the Locarno pact, might be a very desirable institution. Such league, however, can not be based on the Monroe Doctrine, which makes the United States a virtual dictator, and which is predicatet on the hypothesis that the two hemispheres must be held at arm’s length. Latin American nations are not only entitled to a voice in the solution of such problems as may arise among them, but to a free expression of opinion, with regard to problems that may arise between them and European governments. They not only have grown strong enough to protect themselves against foreign interference, but European governments have grown sensible enough to let them alone. Under such circumstances it should not be a matter of wonderment or surprise on our part that they find the Monroe Doctrine distasteful and humiliating.
Plain Meddling WHAT was conceived as a necessary and noble measure of defense has degenerated into an excuse for unnecessary and ignoble meddling. The Monroe doctrine not only has become a source of irritating differences in the new world, but serves no purpose more distinctly than to dissuade it from such close cooperation with the old world as tha present situation calls for. Every time we are asked to sign a pact or join an organization designed to promote general peace, somebody trots out the Monroe Doctrine as an argument for opposition or reservations. What is the significance of the three balls used on pawnbrokers’ signs? They were originally the coat of arms of the Medici family, the earliest and most important money lenders of Lombardy. The three balls were first used in England by the agent of that family, and afterward were copied by others. They represent three gilded pills, and were used by the Medici family in allusion to the profession of medicine, in which the family was eminent and from which they derived their name. Where is Monte Crist©? It is a small, rocky island, 2,100 feet in altitude, lying about forty miles off the west coast of Italy, and twenty-eight miles south of Elba. It has been the private hunting ground of the king of Italy since 1900. It was purchased by him for a retreat.