Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 94, Indianapolis, Marion County, 28 August 1930 — Page 4

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■ ■ ■' * Election Reforms Citizens who still cling to the idea that self-gov-ernment is possible will do well to carefully scrutinize candidates for the state legislature and secure advance information as to what is to be expected in the way of reforms of election laws. Fraud, at the present time, is safe. It must be recalled in shame that the most open frauds in the last primaries, and they were not confined to one •party, have gone unpunished. Public officials seem to be either incompetent or unwilling to deal with this form of treason. Every fraud can be traced to that system of naming election officials in precincts which gives all the power to the political organizations. This makes those organizations self-perpetuating. Hie stub pencil becomes more powerful than the live voter. Public sentiment can be overthrown after the polls are closed. It is about as safe to steal an election or a primary as it is to ride to the voting place in an automobile. Os course, some progress could be made by substituting vigorous and competent officials for those who have shown utter incapacity to deal with such crimes. But even more can be gained if a concerted drive is made by voters of both parties to so change the election laws as to provide for a registration of voters and the selection of officials on some other basis than partisan loyalty. Russian Visitors A group of Russian citizens, selected for technical *nd scientific knowledge, are in the city to spend fconcy, a large amount of money for manufactured products which will give employment to a large number of men and women. Had a similar committee arrived from any other nation, there would have been reception committees and broadcast of a return of prosperity based on the revival of foreign trade. This would have been true of an Italian committee, although the Fascist government has as little faith in democracy as have the Soviets. This country still pretends that the reason for failure to recognize Russia is a lack of sympathy with democratic ideals, although we stomach despotisms of various kinds, from the military rule of dictatorships to the one-man management by Mussolini. The fact that the Russian visitors have money to spend as a nation, and are spending it for implements of industry instead of guns and battleships, usually the only official purchases of foreign governments, may cause at least a more than casual inquiry into their economic conditions. There may, if there are enough purchases here, come the day when recognition of Russia will be urged by those who have so bitterly opposed it. For the opposition has come largely from those who have the idea, “business is business,” is a divinely inspired message.

Jews and the League American Jews properly are elated over the League of Nation’s rebuke of Great Britain for failure to protect Jews and their rights in Palestine, especially during the Arab-Jewish massacres last year. While the report of the league’s permanent mandates commission is hardly a complete confirmation of the Zionists’ claims, as stated by some Zionist leaders, it does on most essential points support their position. Any informed or fair-minded person must admit that Britain's task of reconciling Arab and Jewish aspirations in Palestine is exceedingly difficult. But that can not excuse the British government for the negligence and halting policy revealed by events and criticised by the mandates commission. After all, no one forced the Palestine mi ndate on Britain. London wants Palestine as a virtual colony, partly because of mineral and chemical resources, but especially because of its strategic importance in relation to the Suez canal, key to the empire. Such being the case, the very minimum of payment which should be expected of Britain in exchange for her rule over Palestine is an efficient and humane government there. Maybe it is not true, as many Jewish leaders assert. that Britain, having won world Jewish support durmg the war by the pledge to support a Jewish national homeland in Palestine, now is trying to leave the Jews in the lurch. But certainly Britain’s record in Palestine is not encouraging, either from the Jewish or the international point of view. And there has been no more discouraging aspect of the situation than the bad grace with which the labor government, and the British press generally, have taken the detailed and substantiated criticism by the mandates commission. Not only Britain, but France and the other powers, usually have acted as though a league mandate were merely a cloak for imperialistic expansion and exploitation. Unfortunately the mandates commission, by its evasions in the past, has contributed often to that conception of mandates. Therefore, the significance of the commission’s report on Palestine is that a league body, for once at least, has dared tell the truth about one of the great powers which dictate too much of league action and policy. We hope and believe that, after the first shock of such criticism, the better nature of British public opinion will assert itself and insist that Britain fulfill its obligations in Palestine. Rolph and Rebellion The Republican nomination for Governor in California of Sunny Jim Rolph, veteran mayor of San Francisco, over his dry opponents, Governor C. C. Young and Buron Fitts, is a decided blow to fanaticism in politics. Whatever may be said of Rolph's latter day administration of affairs in his home city, no one will deny that he was considered a wet, a liberal in politics and royal good fellow. Like his prototype, the mayor of New York, who answers also to the name of Jimrfty, Rolph is a good liver, a genial mixer, a picturesque figure. His top boots, pink face, standup collar, cutaway and white carnation were symbols in California of the good old days in the west that are all but gone, the days when men were men and women were glad of it. His campaign expressed the man —“Live and let live.” What, if any, will be the effect of his nomination and his now almost certain election on the one big issue in California, the pardon of Mooney and Billings? Favorable, rather than unfavorable, it is believed. Although Rolph in his campaign refused to comment on the pardon, he was supported widely by union labor and other pardon advocates. On the Other hand, Governor Young, now freed friSin the

The Indianapolis Times (A aCSIPPM-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) Owner) and published daily (except fcaoday) by Tbe lodlaoapollt Time* Pabllrblng Co-in-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price In Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elaewhere. 3 cents- <llWered by carrier 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. HOT W HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Bnslnesa Manager PHONE— Klley M 1 THURSDAY. APO. 28. 130. Member of United Press, Seri pps-Ho ward Newspaper Alliance. Newapape? Enterprise Association. Newapaper Information Service and Audit Bnreao of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

shackles of politics, may do what so many of his supporters have urged him to do, free the pair between now and his retirement on Jan. 1. If he does, he will have justified the faith liberal papers in his state placed in him by asking the voters to nominate him. If he does not, he will have justified the lack of faith other liberals voiced by helping to defeat him. One of Governor Young's weaknesses was his indecision in face of this manifest perversion of justice. We hope he will leave the office he otherwise honored by wiping away this stain. And if he does not, then we may turn—for relief toward the man who has promised a more liberal administration. “The Sun Do Move” The best that the “just plain folks” of politics can claim in the recent primaries in the southwest is a tie. In Oklahoma Alfalfa Bill Murray, who says that he will raise his own potatoes on the statehouse lawn, has won the Democratic nomination for Governor. But in Texas Ma Ferguson, wife of the illustrious Jim, lias been defeated by “a business man.” , The “business man” is Rose S. Sterling of Houston, whose sheckels in the bank are sufficiently numerous to assure him the respect of that vast body of citizens who believe that it was shockingly coarse for Moses to destroy the golden calf. Mr. Sterling, the dispatches say, did not learn to read and write until after he was 21. But paying tellers do not require fancy penmanship. Mr. Sterling’s signature on a check is quite good enough for them. What else counts? Ask any Chamber of Commerce. The defeat of Mrs. Ferguson will be a crushing blow to the boys in the Texas penitentiary, no doubt. For, be it known, Mrs. Ferguson was a big-hearted soul when she was Governor; so big hearted, in fact, that the common expression in Texas became, “Pardon me, Ma did.” Evolution, in politics or nature, is a slow process. But the upset in Texas sets one to wondering whether the time will come when one born in a modern house equipped with running water will have an equal chance in politics with one whose tiny feet once trod a puncheon floor. It user' to be out of the question for a man to aspire to the presidency of the United States unless he had been born in a log cabin, had milked the cows and slopped the pigs; had acquired his education by candlelight as he pored over his one book, “The Life of Miles Standish.” But, as the southern darkies are wont to croon: “The sun do move, The sun do move, Bless God Almighty, the sun do<move.”

More Speed in the Air The prediction that New York and San Francisco eventually will be linked by overnight air mail service—a prediction that would have sounded foolish only a year or so ago—is beginning to seem a great deal more reasonable, in view of Captain Hawks’ twelve-hour flight from one ocean to another. Speed in the air is becoming more and more common. Just at present, undoubtedly, it would be impossible for a regular air mail plane to maintain, or even attempt, a twelve-hour schedule across the continent; but when the way in which aircraft designers are constantly developing new and improved models is considered it seems quite possible that the thing will be done in the near future. You might notice that it is just eighteen years since an aviator made a great sensation by flying all the way from Jacksonville, .Fla., to San Francisco. It took him 151 days. Ambassador Dawes is reported on his way to inspect caves and mines in southern France and Spain. As far as many a senator of the last congress is concerned, this is the first time he has come down to earth. N Mules, according to an announcement of the department of agriculture, are retreating before the advancing tractors. But you can say this for them: They put up a stubborn resistance while they lasted. Einstein calls the radi® an instrument of peace among nations. And this in face of the fact it has been the cause of many a family war. A New York man has put a radio in his henhouse. Maybe he thinks it is just the thing for setting exercises. Sugar has dropped to anew low. And this leads us to suspect it will get into many a jam this canning season.

REASON

IT is refreshing to read that George W. Norris spent only $2,600 in his successful campaign for the senatorial nomination in Nebraska, though he was opposed by a great organization, well financed. n * Had the nomination been made in a state con. vention, Norris would have stood no more chance than the proverbial snow flake, for a few finished political rackteers would nave made the delegates perform more tricks than you ever saw in a circus. 0 8 0 THERE has been ceaseless propaganda against the primary, and many who desire good government and fair play have been stunned by the constant drum-fire of those who for their own reasons desire to destroy popular control of government. 8 0 0 The greatest fraud and falsehood is the statement that the primary is so expensive the poor man can not run for office, when in fact the primary is the only chance the poor or independent candidate has. The primary is expensive only to the candidate who wishes to buy the nomination. 8 0 0 # Now this fraud and falsehood falls to the ground when you look at Oklahoma’s primary, where only last week Gore, a poor man, defeated an oil millionaire for the nomination, and Murray, another poor man, defeated another oil millionaire for the governorship. * 0 # HAD those nominations been made in a state convention, that pair of oil millionaires would have lubricated the machinery until Gore and Murray would have found themselves everlastingly out of it. regardless of the desires of the people of Oklahoma. 8 0 8 The primary should be abolished in city and county nominations and the convention system restored, for in such local conclaves the corruption and the brutality of the state convention are unkown. In such local contests the primary method leads to a multiplicity of candidates and defeats an expression of the popular will. 8 8 8 , But in state affairs the primary method is the only chance the people have to rim their own government, but it should be strong enough to nominate. Only by the primary can men win who wish to end abuses and advance the justice in the commonwealth.

py FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

! SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ Deep Ocean Currents Studied by Means of Water Bottles Sunk at Different Levels. ALMOST imperceptible currents which move slowly through the great ocean deeps—three, four or five miles below the surface—are being studied by scientists today. The work, however, is difficult and expensive, and more of it is urged by Dr. H. U. Sverdrup, famous Norwegian oceanographer and explorer, who now is in this country. Dr. Sverdrup, who spent six years in the Arctic with expeditions of the late Capt. Roald Amundsen, is in Washington making an analysis for the Carnegie institution of Washington of the records of the las: journey of the nonmagnetic ship, the Carnegie. He urges a study of deep ocean currents because without that information a complete knowledge of oceanic circulation cap not be obtained. Such a knowledge would be of utmost importance to navigation, the fishing industries and weather forecasting. Surface currents easily are studied and much information about them is on hand. But there are many puzzles which he feels can be explained only by supplementing this information with the knowledge of what is happening near the floor-of the ocean. u n a Method INFORMATION about the currents on or near the ocean’s floor cannot be obtained directly, Dr. Sverdrup says. “No vessel yet has been able to anchor in great depths for any length of time and obtain reliable data concerning the almost imperceptible deep-currents,” he says. “When studying these we have to take recourses to indirect methods. Specially constructed bottles are sent down to a number of levels where they are closed, bringing up samples of the water at these various levels for analysis. “The water bottles are provided with delicate thermometers by means of which the temperature of the water can be determined with an astonishing accuracy. “If we know the temperature of and the amount of salt in a given volume of water we may determine the weight of that volume. Knowing the weights or densities of the water at a of localities, the direction and velocity of the currents can be calculated. “However, to be able#to compute the current it is necessary to have very complete observations from a great number of stations or localities close together. “The study of the ocean-currents far beneath the surface is still in its infancy and we have a long way to go before we can hope to express the mow flow of the deep water by means of exact figures. u tt tt Cold THE temperature alone gives the scientist valuable information, Dr. Sverdrup says. “A thermometer brought up from a depth of one mile or more at the equator shows that the water there is very cold, in spite of the surface water being very warm,” he says. “The temperature actually is only a few degrees higher than the temperature of the icy waters of the Arctic or the Antarctic. “This fact indicates that the deep water has traveled toward the tropics from the polar regions, 'where it has been cooled off. “The Antarctic is of special importance in this connection because hpre we find a deep sea all round the globe and in the Atlantic the Antarctic water can be traced to about 25 degrees north latitude or the latituoi of southern Florida. “There is every reason to believe that the Antarctic is of dominant importance to the deep sea currents of the Pacific as well, but modern data are stili lacking from the Pacific. “It is not quite true that modern data are wholly lacking from the Pacific. The nonmagnetic vessel the Carnegie recently has carried out a number of highly valuable observations in the Pacific. The name of the Carnegie ought to be as well known as the names of the vessels the City of New York or Elinor Bolling.”

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TOLSTOY’S BIRTH August 28 ON Aug. 28, 1828, Leo Tolstoy, Russian novelist and one of the world’s greatest novelists, was bom in the government of Tula, Russia. He went to the University of Kazan, but af graduation he said he knew “literally nothing.” Induced by his brother, an army officer, to visit in Caucasia, Tolstoy became so fascinated with the life there that he, too, joined the army. It was at this time he wrote qf his experiences in Sebastopol. Because his sketches painted the horrors of war with its false and real heroes with such realism, he soon rose to fame as a writer. Leaving the army after the Crimean war,* Tolstoy decided to devote himself to literature. He first went to Germany to add to his learning and culture, but-his experience there only intensified his doubts and disappointments. He had lost faith in modern civilization and became a champion of the common people, an enemy of the artificial upper/classes. Tolstoy wrote much on education and in his later years devoted himself to religious teaching. He made “Resist not evil” the keystone of the Christian faith. His religious views are set forth in “My Confession.” His “War and Peace” is regarded as his masterpiece, but his “Anna Karenina," largely autobiographical, is the more popular. - j Daily Thought And the king said to him, How many times shall I adjure thee that thou say nothing but the (ruth to me in the name of the Lord?—ll Chronicles 18:15. Truth is the edict of God.—EL W. Shaw, \

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DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Too Much Water Bad for Body

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association, and of Hygcia, the Health Magazine. JUST as a person may be seriously sick from a lack of water in the body, a disturbance of his water metabolism may bring about a superfluity of fluid. The condition has . been called dropsy by the public. It frequently represents a late stage of a condition that may be checked if seen early, but is handled with difficulty when seen late. Before there is recognizable swelling of the skin, due to accumulation of water in the body, the patient may accumulate enough fluid to add several pounds to his weight. Thus the physician is likely to be suspicious of gains in weight which cannot be accounted for in any other way. If a person is accumulating extra fluids in his body, his skin usually has a shiny, transparent appearance and, to use the jargon of the profession, “it pits on pressure.”

Here Are Some Puzzlers and Their Answers

Who was S. Weir Mithcll? Silas Weir Mitchell, American physician and author, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 15, 1829. He studied at the University of Pennsylvania 4 and in 1850 received the degree of M. D. from Jefferson Medical College. He was an army surgeon in the Civil war, and soon became an international specialist particularly renowned for his use of the ‘‘rest cure.” He wrote many stories and his “Complete Poems” were published in 1914. He died in Philadelphia Jan. 4, 1914. Can wind be seen? No. m Is there a fee for consulting books at the library of congress? NO. What is the letter postage from the United States to France? Five cents for the first ounce and 3 cents for each additional ounce, or fraction. What is the nationality and meaning of the name Dengler? It is a German occupational name. The name was given to the person who hammered scythes to sharpen them, over a brazier. What are the age limits for admission to a citizens military training camp? Seventeen to twenty-four. What does “Auld lang sync” mean? Happy days gone by. When was the movie “The Thief of" Bagdad” released, and who played the title role? ■lt was released in 1924 and Douglas Fairbanks Sr. had the title role. Who owns Doom castle, where the former kaiser lives? • It is owned by the former kaiser, Wilhelm 11, who acquired it by purchase. How many persons have been buried in the crypt of the National Protestant cathedral in Washington, D. C., besides Woodrow Wilson? Since the foundation stone of the National cathedral was laid by President Roosevelt in 1907 there have been ' thirteen burials there: Admiral George Dewey, the Rev. Alfred Harding and his wife; Mrs. Justine P. Harding, Herman H. Kohlstat, journalist; the Rev. Walden Meyer, the Rev. J. Townsend Russel, the Rev. Henry Y. Satterlee and Mrs. Jane L. Satterlee, his wife; Henry Vaughn, architect; Woodrow Wilson and Henry White, former ambassador to France. What is the width of the English channel between the points where Gertrude Ederle made her successful crossing? Approximately twenty-one miles. Is Palestine still under British mandate? Yes/ What are the populations of China, Japan and India? China, estimated, $400,800,000; Japan, proper, 59,139,000; India, 318,885,980. What is the distinction between an attorney and a lawyer? Bouvier's law dictionary defines attorney as “one put in the place, turn or stead, of another, to manage his affairs, one who manages

Ambidextrous

By this is meant the fact that when the finger is pushed against the skin,' depression or pitting is produced, which remains for some time after the pressure has been removed. The tissues feel distinctly doughy. If the condition of eoema has persisted for many months, the skin is thickened and pits with difficulty. Swelling of various portions of the body due to accumulation of water may be due to a variety of causes. For instance, if the heart is unable to pump the blood to the ends of the blood vessels and back again to the heart, fluid begins to accumulate in the lower part of the body. If the person has a job like that of motorman or saleslady which compels him or her to be on her feet all day, the legs and feet will be found edematous. If the person is inactive and in bed, the thighs and the hips may be the parts most affected. Within the body itself the liver may be swollen

the affairs of another by direction of his principal.” Attorneys are of various kinds. A lawyer is defined in an act of congress of July 13, 1866, as “any person who, for fee or reward, prosecutes or defends causes in courts of record, or other judicial tribunals of the United States, or of any of the states, or whose business it is to give the legal advice in relation to any cause or matter whatever.” The terms are commonly used interchangeably. What is the average speed of wild ducks and geese in flight? About forty miles per hour. What relationship do the children of first cousins bear to each other? Second cousins. In what direction is the continent of Africa from the United States? Southeast. i Is there an agreement between the United States and France on the French war debt? An agreement has been signed )y the two governments, but it has not be§n ratified by either the United

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—ln this column Aug. 26 appeared an article attacking the men who frequent the Alabama street side of the court house, seeking employment. This locality has been used by men for this purpose for more than ten years. Many firms in the city are aware of this and come there and hire men for part-time employment. In fact, I know of several instances where men are ekeing out an existence for their families from the returns they get from odd jobs they procure there. If not for this, they would be dependent on charity. Here are some of the choice sobriquets the author of the Aug. 26 article applied to these men; ‘.‘Bums, stews, hoodlums, buzzards and sots.” In fact, the article was a conglomeration of slang, underworld jargon and grammatical errors. . This is a very pointed indication of the low origin and rank ignorance of the man who lacked the courage to sign his name. He classified them collectively as drunkards. There is no need to brand this a falsehood. It is self-evident that fifty to seventy-five drunks in one group, in the same locality, every day, would not be tolerated, even by our Indianapolis police force, which he ridicules. But he seems to be incensed not particularly by this (imagined) drunkenness, but because this (imagined) drunkenness takes place in the shadow of the _ courthouse. Why, he admits his own indulgence in liquors. He is very alarmed as to the impressions the visitors to our fair city will get from seeing these men. Personally, I believe the impressions tiny will gain from the perusal of such ill-writ-ten. idiotic articles as his will do a thousand times more to give visitors a bad impression of bur city than viewing any amount of men trying to earn an honest penny. “ONE OF THE BUZZARDS."

and fluid may accumulate in the abdominal cavity. In an earlier day before the mechanism was understood, it was customary to remove great quantities of fluid by tapping, and because the mechanism was not changed in any way, fluid that was removed promptly was replaced by new fluid. Operations have been developed for controlling this matter, but far more important is the treating of the diseased organ or tissue fundamentally responsible. It must be understood that the swelling due to an accumulation of water is a symptom and not a disease. It is important to know whether it is due to the heart or to the kidneys that are failing to function, and this can be determined only by the most efficient scientific investigation. When the fact finally is known, it is possible by controlling the diet, by controlling the fluid intake, by the use of sweating particularly and by various other methods to bring about control.

States senate or the French parliament. France has been meeting the terms of the agreement, however. Are flags flown at half-staff on L : ncoln’s and George Washington’s birthdays? They are flown at full staff. Are Fritz Kreisler and Walter Damrosch of Jewish ancestry? Yes. How does the speed of sound in water differ from the speed of sound in the a ; r? The speed of sound in water is about 4,592 feet a second; in the air it is 1,126 fete a second. What is the meaning of the name Casey? It is an Irish family name meaning valiant. What Roman Catholic prelate was a renowned hero during the World war? Cardinal Mercier of Belgium. What is the value of a small copper cenC'with Indian head dated 1858? From 25 to 50 cents. What is the third wedding anniversary? The leather wedding. Is the United States officially represented in Russia? The United States has. not recognized the government of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics, Russia, and is not officially represented tlyre. What is birdlime? A sticky substance prepared from the inner bark of the holly, the berries of the mistletoe or other sources. It may also be made by boiling linseed oil. How many plays did William Shakespeare write? He is credited with forty-one plays. What is usury? The excess over the legal rate charged to a borrower for the use of money. v W’hat chemical will dissolve coal? Phenol. It does not make the coal liquid, but dissolves out certain of its constituents.

Here Y’Are, Movie Fans Our Washington bureau has put up in a single packet, four of its informative bulletins of particular interest to those interested in motion pictures and stars of the silver screen. The titles are: 1. Directory of Picture Stars. 3. Popular Women of the Screen. 2. Popular Men of the Screen. 4. History of Motion Pictures. If you want this packet, fill out the coupon below and mail as directed. CLIP COUPON HERE MOTION PICTURE EDITOR, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want the packet of four bulletins on MOTION PICTURES, and enclose herewith 15 cents in coin, or loose, uncancelledJKjnited States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling 'costs. NAME ~ ' i STREET AND NUMBER CITY STATE , I am a reader of The Indianapolis Tunes. (Code No.)

JUJG. 28, 1930

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

! What Would Democracy Be Without Its Periodic Cloudbursts of Flapdoodle JOB seekers please will stand aside while office seekers tell us what | they need and why we should give I it to them. Tough, no doubt, but what would democracy be without its periodic j cloudbursts of flapdoodle? Senator Fess, stage manager of I the Republican show, rises to predict victory in Maine, just as though anything else were possible, barring i a cataclysm. Senator Blease, the greatest Democratic nuisance next to "TomTom” Heflin, has a good lead for renomination in South Carolina, j though not enough to escape a sec- | one primary. It w r as in a second primary that Texes downed Ferguson, which sug- ! gests that the South Carolina situ- ; ation snould not be regarded as ! hopeless. B tt tt ; s Think of the Future * WHAT politicians would like to know, according to one writer, is how the drought and depression will affect elections this fall. What the people would like to know is how the elections will affect the drought and depression. Who killed Cock Robin is not half as important as who will hatch a live one to take his place. | The Chicago Tribune says that we are becoming a nation of hypochondriacs, that we are wasting altogether too much time in self pity, and that, instead of whimpering over the past, we ought to be thinking about the future. Admitting the Tribune's Republican bent, as well as its canny way of disguising partisan propaganda with a philosophic smile, still there is a disagreeable amount of truth in its diagnosis. * tt . Time to Cheer Up WHINING doesn’t lessen the damage one bit, while it does interfere with the repairs. The pressing need is more concentration on the idea of making things a little better. It goes without saying that business and industrial leaders can not provide work without a market, but it also goes without saying that their attitude has a good deal to do with making a market. As long as the big boys remain gloomy and timid, what can you expect of the little boys? As Babson implies in his latest advice to investors, we have gone about far enough with our bearishness. u tt b Look at Toy Golf BESIDES, everything hasn't gone to the dogs. While certain lines of business have been hurt, some of them quite seriously, others are doing surprisingly well, and while there may have been a general falling off of sales, the reserve buying power of the public, as indicated by the expansion of old enterprise, or the success of new ones, is little short of amazing. Lock at the pony golf courses—four or five thousand of them—not only started, but making a howling success of it at a time when about everybody was supposed to be broke. Only to mention one other illustration, the Shenandoah Life Insurance Company of Roanoke. Va., has written more insurance during the first seven months of this year than during any entire year of its history. o a Difference Is Small WE could all do more than we are doing if we only thought so, and the difference between good times and bad is only a matter of 5 or 10 per cent. While no one wants the recurrence of such a nonsensical paper boom as brought things to a head last fall, it can be avoided in other ways than by having a fit of the blues. Heaven knows the last year has been sour enough, but how can we hope to sweeten the next one by dwelling on that fact? There is not only a lot of psychology in the existing situation, but a lot of manufactured psychology. How old is Annette Kellerman? Forty-one years. Where did Christopher Columbus obtain the ships and men for his expedition to America? Two of the ships were obtained from the little town of Palos that had incurrred the displeasure of the queen of Spain and was compelled to pay as a fine two ships a year. The two that were turned over in 4492 were given to Columbus. The third and largest ship, the Santa Mari?., was donated by the Pinzon brothers, wealthy seamen. Part of the crews were prisoners who were liberated for the undertaking. They were paid four months wages In advance, two-thirds of which was paid by the Spanish court, and the balance was paid by Ooiumbus and the Pinzon brothers, who went with him on the voyage. What Is the value of the taxable real and personal property in the United States? ' According to the census of 1920, it amounted to $155,908,625,000. Who administers the oath to the President of the United States? At „the inauguration of a President it is customary for the chief justice of the United States supreme court to administer the oath.