Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 78, Indianapolis, Marion County, 9 August 1930 — Page 4

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Who Is Guilty? The action of the administration in the Macintosh and Bland cases is shameful. The department of Justice has announced that it will try to get the supreme court to overthrow the decision of the United States circuit court of appeals granting citizenship to those two persecuted individuals. Who are these persons barred by the government as undesirables?'’ One is the Rev. Dr. Douglas Clyde Macintosh, for twenty years professor of theology at Yale university, a Y. M. C. A. worker and a Canadian army chaplain at the front during the World war. Os what crime or moral turpitude is he guilty? He is willing to swear in advance to bear arms only in wars which his conscience accepts as righteous wars. His crime is that he takes the Kellogg treaty and his religion seriously. The other undesirable is Miss Marie Averil Bland, a Canadian war nurse who cared for American soldiers at the front. What is wrong with her? Her ‘conscience as a Christian will not permit her to bear arms, but she swears she will go again to nurse wounded soldiers. Dr. Macintosh and Miss Bland are not good enough to suit the naturalization bureau and the department of justice. Foreign gunmen slip through the immigration bars to swell our crime wave, but our officials are determined that these two ministers of mercy shall not slip through. Os course we have a Quaker President. Os course we have a Kellogg treaty. Os course w e have a Constitution recognizing the freedom of conscience for which this chaplain and nurse are challenged. But the fact that we have a Quaker President, a Kellogg treaty, a Constitution of civil liberties, has no effect whatever on the administration s policy in these cases. What the explanation is, we do not know. But, whatever the explanation, this policy is a be-# trayal of the liberties for which our nation was founded and without which our nation can not long endure. The issue has nothing to do with radicalism or with pacifism or with religion as such. The issue is the preservation of an inalienable right of citizens and those who would become citizens under the Constitution. The issue was stated by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes of the United States supreme court in the Schwimmer citizenship case: "If there is any principle of the Constitution that more imperatively calls for attachment than any other, it is the principle of free thought—not free thought for those that agree with us, but freedom for the thought that we hate.” The issue'was stated again by the United States circuit c art of appeals in granting citizenship to Dr. Macintosh on the ground that: "The rights of conscience are inalienable rights which the citizen need not surrender and which the government or society can not take away.” The issue was stated by the great story, the recognized authority on the American Constitution: "The rights of conscience are, indeed, beyond the just reach of any human power.” For any government to invade those inalienable rights at any time is unpardonable. But it is especially cowardly for a government to victimize these two persons for the same religious beliefs legally held by millions of the finest American citizens. The administration knows, as stated by the court of appeals in these cases, that under the law ‘•no more is demanded of an alien who becomes a cit.zen than of a natural born citizen.” And the administration knows that the MacintoshBland attitude toward the supremacy of conscience is typical of most Christians, of most Americans. When the administration first barred Dr. Macintosh. the Scripps-Howard newspapers inquired of representative clergymen and laymen of his Baptist denomination as to their attitude. Virtually all replied in the tone of the Rev. Dr. Harry Fosdick of New York, who said of the Macintosh exclusion: "On a similar basis, no Christian possibly could be a citizen of the United States.” If the administration is sincere in its action against this chaplain and this nurse, why does not the administration take action to revoke the rights of citizenship of that vast majority of American citizens who also profess allegiance both in conscience and to country? To every one of those citizens the administration policy in the Macintosh-Bland cases is a personal insult. What Caused the Auburn Riots? The Cayuga county grand jury just has handed in its report on the causes of the disastrous riots at Auburn prison last July and September. It presents a pretty serious indictment: (1) Carelessness and indifference of the authorities; t 2) bad food and sanitation; t3> serious overcrowding and idleness; <4) anarchy and corruption in the Mutual Welfare League; (5) moonshining and intoxication among prisoners, and (6) ease of obtaining, manufacturing and hiding arms. It is difficult to know just how much faith to put in the report. Prison investigation is a difficult technical problem. The layman is ill-fitted to carry out such work. It is hard for him to know how to get and sift evidence from such a shifty and unreliable a body of witnesses as prison guards and convicts. A grand jury is likely to be as little fitted to investigate a prison as a trial jury is to weigh evidence in general. But from our knowledge of American prison conditions in general, and Auburn conditions in particular, we may presume that the charges of maladministration and demoralization are true, though the responsibility is probably as much that of the state as that of any particular officials. At any rate the grand jury of Cayuga county has turned in some sensible recommendations. Many pertain to perfunctory improvements in formal discipline, which are necessary, but will not change the general situation of unrest and incompetence. Others are more significant and far-reaching. Extension of dormitories to relieve overcrowding is certainly desirable, as is likewise putting everybody tn work and paying them decently for their labor. Even more significant is the recommendation that the Baumes laws be amended and an approach be made to a real Indeterminate sentence law. Equally sensible and modern is the proposal for the segregation of convicts according to mental types and the prospect erf reformation. The attitude toward the Mutual Welfare League, accurately described by Dean Kirchwey as the only great advance In prison administration in a century. is unfortunate. There is much talk about the degeneration of the league before the riots, and It Is implied that league leaders engineered the riots. No doubt the league was less effective than it might have been, owing to the failure of Warden Jccnwgs to co-operate actively in its administration. It is significant, however, that nothing is said about

The Indianapolis Times (i SCHIPPS-HOWARf* NEWSPAPER) Owned tnd published dnllr <eseept Sunday) by The Indianapolis TiWs Publishing Cos. 214-220 Went Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price tn Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cent#—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD UUKUET. BOX W. HOWARD. PRANK O. MORRISON^ Editor President Business Manager I’BONE-HI ley SS3i SATURDAY. AUG. 8. 1930. Member of Üblted Press, ticripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Berries and Audit Bureau of Circnistions. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way/'

the great services rendered by the league in preventing the Jully riot from becoming a jail delivery or a pitched battle for days. Defects of the league due to a particular administration are no reason for urging its discontinuance under another. Ability to run the league ought to be a prime test of competence of any prison administration. Other reforms at Auburn will be nullified largely unless the league is revived and operated with enthusiasm and efficiency. The proposed system of segregating the incorrigible types would help enormously in administering the league. At any rate, we may hope that the state of New York will not be long in acting on the generally moderate and reasonable recommendations of the grand jury. This is the least we may expect. A Decalogue for Diplomats Will the naval pact, Kellogg pact, world court, the League of Nations and the like absolutely guarantee us against war? This question was put up to Dr. John Bassett Moore, dean of American international lawyers and the world’s most prolific scholar in this field. His answer is contained in the "Review of Reviews.” The learned doctor’s extensive labors in the vineyard of diplomacy have not led him to any false trust in international machinery and diplomatic methods. He does not believe that the progress of communication will put an end to war by bringing cultural and psychological propinquity. Contact does not necessarily breed friendliness, as the example of France and Germany so amply proves. No machinery can be relied upon of itself to stop wars. Not even the world court can do this. The supreme court of the United States could not prevent our Civil war. It is not the purpose of a court to stop wars; its function is to settle disputes. Trying to end war by discovering and penalizing the "aggressor” is an uncertain method. It is hard to locate and agree upon the aggressor. The entente thought Germany was the aggressor in the World war and penalized her in the Versailles treaty. But in less than ten years it was seen by the scholars of ail lands that the wrong nation had been stigmatized. Excitement and hasty action are perhaps the chief immediate causes of wars. They prevent calm investigation and friendly settlement. As his contribution to the settlement of disputes among nations and the reduction of the probability of war, Dr. Moore submits anew decalogue for diplomats. Dr. Moore does not contend that they will be any sure guaranty against war. But they may help to prevent war situations from arising. Here follows his decalogue: 1 % Even if you do not love your neighbor as yourself, you need not hate or misjudge him. 2. Do not heedlessly swish your bamboo, lest your neighbor may be provoked to swish his, to the disturbance of that tranquillity by which international relations ever should be pervaded. 3. Do not impute to other peoples a lack of the virtues which you yourself profess Even the assumption of exceptionally peaceful propensities may be questioned by others. 4. Do not covet Naboth’s vineyard, and especially that which you may chance already to occupy, lest you be openly accused or secretly suspected of wishing to keep it. 5. Be not deceived by propaganda, nor swerved from duty by sudden clamors, which, though seemingly spontaneous, may perchance be premeditated, highly organized, and well financed. Look beneath the surface, and remember that, as the water runs smooth where the brook is deep, so more noise may be made over an evil deed than over a good one. G. Beware of purchasing, with benevolent formulas, agreements which seem to promise peace, but which constitute committals to obtain it by force. The voluntary costs of peace may be computed in advance; the involuntary of war can not be foreseen. 7. Do not create barriers to the free exchange of all commodities, including ideas, lest the artificial obstruction arouse resentments which disturb friendly relations. 8. Support institutions which make for the appeasement and conciliation of conflicts of interest; but even if you can not join them because they unduly implicate you in the affairs of others, let those who will, derive from them what profit and experience they can. D. Cultivate justice and toleration for those who differ from you, even for their social experiments. Take satisfaction in the welfare of other peoples, for this will be more likely to promote your own Interests than will their misfortune. 10. On the other hand, do not love other countries better than your own. Do not give away your country’s cause, if just, or fail faithfully to defend it. But if you can not convince your adversary, do not try to overreach him, and much less to humiliate him. While partial advantages thus gained seldom are profitable, remember that justice and mutual respect are the only foundations of enduring amity.

REASON

WE would not make fun of the people of Texas because they voted for Ma Ferguson for Governor because she knows how to can patches, for svery state in the Union can recall at least one Governor who didn’t know that much. a As you tune in on this torture up in Chicago, where dippy dancers stagger around half unconscious in a marathon which has been going on for months, you think of the days when the people of America used to agonize because the “heathen Chinese” bound the feet of his ladies. a a Canada’s newly elected prime minister assures us that the high tariff the conservatives are about to enact will not be in resentment against us for our high tariff, but the effect on our expolts will be just about the same. a a a THIS young man down at Vincennes, who is paying for his marriage license on the installment plan soon will leam that it isn’t the original investment that counts: it's the upkeep. Republican leaders agree that they can not carry Texas next time, which must be a great blow to President Hoover. tt tt B If he isn’t careful he may possibly lose Mississippi. But the most interesting thing about Texas is the way the Democratic donkey kicked the demijohn out of the lot, Morris Sheppard, author of the eighteenth amendment, overwhelmingly defeating Robert L. Henry, the wet candidate for the senatorial nomination. 9 9 9 THIS Chicago broker who killed his baby by falling on it while intoxicated, was acquitted by the coroners jury, but hell have a harder time getting a similar verdict from his conscience Dry leaders announce that there will be a third party in 1932 if both of the old parties are wet, but our prediction is that neither of them wilU be. B a I Denmark has got rid of her navy, composed of two cruisers, and the remarkable thing is she was able to do it without going into a conference. a a Father G. B. Alfano. director of the Pompeii observatory. reports that the last earthquake broke the backbone of Italy. He is mistaken; the backbone of Italy is Mr. Mussolini.

y FREDERICK bl LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ Ninety Chemical Elements Now Are Known Here on Earth: W Have Been Found in the Outer Region of the Sun. SIXTY years of study of the sun with the spectroscope have revealed the presence of forty-nine of the known chemical elements in the outer region of the sun. The spectroscope is a combination 1 of prisms and lenses used to form a | little rainbow or spectrum of the i sun. This spectrum is crossed by more than 10,000 dark lines of varying thicknesses and intensities. Research has proved that each | chemical element Is capable of producing a certain combination of lines in the spectrum. The task, therefore, reduced itself to identifying the lines in the solar spectrum. Ninety chemical elements arc now known here on earth, ranging from such familiar substances as iron, copper, hydrogen and oxygen to such unfamiliar ones as neodymium, zirconium, and ytterbium. Physicists are certain, however, from many theoretical reasons, that a total of ninety-two chemical elements exists. They expect some day to find the two which still are missing. It will be seen therefore, that more than half of the chemical elements have been identified in the outer portion of the sun. Forty-one of the known elements are apparently absent, or forty-three of what is believed to be the total number of elements in existence. tt tt a Atmosphere THE dark lines in the solar spectrum are caused by the gases in the outer portion of the sun, the so-called solar atmosphere. The bright background of colors, the rainbow part, is caused by the light arising in the deeper and denser part of the sun, the so-called photosphere or gaseous surface of the sun. Such a rainbow of colors, however, is an index only to temperature and not to the chemical elements involved. That is why the spectroscope can tell us only about the chemical composition of the outer region of the sun, the so-called reversing layer and the chromosphere which make up the sun’s atmosphere. The spectroscope tfells ugTthat the sun’s surface has a temperature of about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit. But it does not tell us what is in or below the surface. , Astronomers feel certain, however, that all ninety-two chemical elements are in the photosphere or immediately below it. There is even good reason to suppose that the forty-three apparently absent elements actually are in the sun’s atmosphere as well. Study of the spectrum has convinced astronomers that the fortynine elements identified so far in the sun’s atmosphere are not present in equal amounts. Some are very abundant and soifie are very scarce. i Astronomers think that the missing elements actually may be present, but in such small quantities that they do not register in the sun’s spectrum. a u tt Intensity THE relative amount of any chemical element present in the solar atmosphere can be judged roughly from the width an3 intensity of the elements’ lines in the solar spectrum. The number of lines of the element present is also a valuable piece of evidence. Laboratory experiments have shown that when a large amount of an element is present in a light source, the resulting spectrum consists of a great profusion of lines of considerable intensity. As the amount of the element in the source of light is diminished, the intensity of the lines begins to decrease and the weaker lines begin to disappear entirely. The few remaining lines are known technically as the ‘raies ultime,” a French term first used by the physicist, De Gramont. When only the “raies ultime” of an element are present ih the spectrum and when these are very weak, the astronomer concludes that relatively little of the element is present in the sun’s atmosphere. As the lines increase in strength and number, it is an indication of relatively larger amounts of the element. Recently, attempts have been made to calculate the actual amounts of various chemical elements present in a unit area of the sun’s atmosphere.

mvf\

FRANCIS KEV’S BIRTH ON Aug. 9, 1770, Francis Scott Key, noted in American letters as the author of “The Star-Spangled Banner,” was born in Frederick county, Maryland. In 1814, Key, who was district attorney of the District of Columbia, Washington, visited the flagship of the British fleet, which was then attacking Baltimore, to obtain the release of a friend who was a prisoner of war. This was granted, but the two were detained for fear that, if allowed to land, they would reveal the British plans. W*hile daylight lasted, the men watched the flag. When dawn revealed it still floating above the fort, they knew the British attack h? 4 failed. It was then that Key withdrew an old letter from his pocket and on its back he wrote the first stanza of the “Star-Spangled Banner.” He finished the poem later in the day when his vessel had been allowed to land. It first was printed as a handbill inclosed in a fancy border. One of Key’s friends, Judge Nicholson, of Baltimore, saw that the tune "Anacreon in Heaven,” an old English drinking song, fitted the words, and the two were quickly united. The song became instantly popular, and now is universally regarded as the national anthem. ~ DAILY THOUGHT Regret not that which is past; and trust not to thin*. own righteousness.—St. Anthony. Be not wise in your own conceits. —Romans 12:16.

While We’re Passing Out the Medals!

___ - ■■ ■■■'■ ( jWjE CROWN THE KWCj of Aa 'zoo 7 THE LONG DISTANCE f v'v/KHv.v) ~ COFFEE-DEiMKERS/WE / KTr-f / ~ MARATHOM DANCES-. J ---AND the ENDURANCE rjS > ' V l ATOvT flyer, has gotten a GREAT BIG HAND'— . i ~ SOMETHING FOR A REAL ENDURANCE i

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Doctors Advance in Study of Lungs

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association, and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. SPECIALISTS in internal medicine concern themselves also particularly with the lungs, which are subject to many disorders and which they now investigate not only by the old method of listening and thumping, but also by laboratory tests of the secretions from the lungs, by the use of the X-ray, by the insertion of a needle, and by the injection of substances which make the lungs particularly visible under the X-ray. Whereas the lung complaints most commonly considered in the past were bronchitis, pneumonia, and, most frequently of all, tuberculosis, today it is known that the lungs may be infected by many other bacterial organisms, that chronic diseases may produce permanent changes in |he lungs, which interfere with .breathing, that the lungs may be subject to cavity, to consolidation, to the growth of tumors, to the inhaling of foreign bodies, and to many other conditions difficult to diagnose.

IT SEEMS TO ME BY H BROUN D

Heywood Broun, who conducts this column, is on his vacation. During his absence Joe Williams, sports editor of the New York Telegram, will pinch-hit for Broun.—The Editor. THERE must be something in astrology after all. It develops that I am a Sagittarian. This is nothing to be ashamed of. Not everybody can be a Sagittarian. They are born, not made. Specifically, the time of birth is between Nov. 22 and Dec. 20. A number of interesting persons have had the foresight to be born under the ninth star of the zodiac. C. J. Coffman, the distinguished sky-gazer, reveals in the New York Telegram that they include Winston Churchill, Harry Payne Whitney, Lillian Russell, Mark Twain and Andrew Carnegie. I suppose it was merely an oversight that he neglected to add Elbows McFadden, Kid Lavigne, Ty Cobb, Gabby Hartnett, One-Eye Connolly and old Colonel Williams. Mr. Coffman has compiled a form chart by which the future performances of a Sagittarian may be judged over a fast or slow track. Here you are, ladies and gents, you can’t tell a Sagittarian without a form chart. a it Gamblers IT seems among other things we Sagittarians are romantic gamblers at heart. In the precise words of Mr. Coffman, we shoot the works. This is undoubtedly true. Cobb always rounded third at top speed. To others sandtraps on the course of life are danger signals; to us they merely point the way to a quicker and more exciting goal. A Sagittarian dies but once. In most instances this is sufficient. But with all our impetuosity and bravado we are not without a certain admirable restraint. Mr. Coffman writes that the journeyman Sagittarian is equipped with hydraulic brakes. He knows just how far to go and when to stop. I am told • this is a temperate quality highly esteemed by the moralists of the land. No Sagittarian would think of ordering one more silver fizz if convinced the ninth already had produced the proper state of vertigo. Also, it must always be a great relief to the elders to learn at the breakfast table the next morning that the young lady had been out with a good Sagittarian the night before. it a Not Perfect OF course, we axe not wholly perfect, not by conventional standards at any rate. We have our little eccentricities, those engaging traits that distinguish the Southamptons from the Long Branches, the chaff from the wheat, the platinum from the phoney. We are, for one thing, addicted to strange and unusual companions. You never can tell what a Sagittarian will lug home with him. Rather than a handicap, it seems to me this merely adds to the piquancy of romance. Certainly the wife of a Sagittarian who never is sure whether her boy friend is going to arrive with his favorite traffic cop plus the horse or a three-piece German band distinguished for its endurance powers, can complain that her life is utterly devoid of surprises. Mr. Coffman’ warns the women

When the diagnosis is made properly, treatment applied to the specific cause of the disturbance frequently results in the cure of cases which formerly passed inevitably to death. In the examination of diseases of the stomach and the intestines, the internist applies many tests which have been the outgrowth of a half century of investigation. The contents of the stomach may br. pumped out and examined to deter • mine whether food is being digested properly by normal secretions. The shape of the stomach may be determined by injecting substances which make the stomach visible to the X-ray. A defect in the lining of the stomach shows on the X-ray and gives the physician an indication as to whether he must look for some abnormality in the shape of the stomach, for the presence of ulcers, or of a cancer. Each of these conditions produces changes in secretions of the organ itself. A certain amount of time is required for the stomach to mix the food thoroughly and to subject it to the various secretions, after which the food is passed on into the intestines. Any delay or undue haste

I they should raise no barriers of I prejudice or protest against this f wholesome mannerism. On the contrary, when a Sagittarian in good standing palls up to announce he is bringing home a fellow who just won the flag-pole sitting championship of Erie, Pa., and to be sure the guest room is prepared, there is nothing for her to do, provided she is intelligent, but urge him to take a cab so he can get there with the gentleman with much greater speed. a tt Likes Pets ANOTHER marked and beautiful characteristic of the Sagittarian is his inordinate fondness for pets and his eagerness to see that they have a roof over their heads and good warm food in their bodies. Preferably food that has been per-

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times The Times is rendering a service to the cause of good citizenship by calling attention of voters and taxpayers to low wages and unemployment. This is regarded as a social loss—the dependency on charity and the secondary consequence of poverty, disease and crime, which are filling our free institutions at the expense of the taxpayers. The statisticians rave about the death rate and the crime wave. But with bad housing, unemployment and poor nutrition, what else could be expected? Temperance workers believed the disabilities of the poor were due to the drinking of liquor. To eliminate poverty and crime, they offered prohibition as a solution. But, today, with streets filled with idle men and the haunts of vice untouched, the battle for the very necessities of life is becoming fiercer and fiercer. This has a greater bearing on the physical, mental and moral manhood and womanhood of the race than alcohol possibly could have. They now carefully refrain from mentioning the conditions they thought were due to alcohol. Alcohol raises the question of the will of choice, but low wages forces poverty upon innocent victims, especially childhood. It is not pleasant to speak of these conditions, yet the time certainly has come when they must be considered and the wonder is that anyone could think of ignoring them, as they will call more loudly for a solution as time goes on. A READER. Editor Tin es—l read in your paper about the wages some of these contractors are paying, on the state roads and praise you for having so much principle. This is highway robbery. It looks like some of these paper collar things they have running the state could find some remedy for that kind of business, but I guess it pays them to keep quiet, for I wouldn’t be surprised if these contractors have to kick In some of the profits they are getting off these poor slaves. Now I am married and have children. I know a family can’t buy groceries, to say nothing of rent, water, lights, insurance, taxes and clothes on 35 cents an hour, much less on 20 cents an hour. But the contractors are not the only ones paying less than a living wage. I work for less than 35 cents an hour, fifty hours a week if there

in the emptying of the stomach manifests itself by symptoms which are exceedingly disagreeable. By the use of the fluoroscope and by the use of the serial X-ray pictures it is possible to determine just exactly how long the stomach requires for its work. By the use of a device called the esophagoscope and a gastroscope, it actually is possible to look into the esophague and the stomach. It is possible with a newly invented camera to take pictures of the lining of the stomach without opening the patient. Through all these new methods, a competent internist can know almost as much as he needs to know to describe perfectly the situation Kz-’v exists in the stomach as it is seen when an operation is performed. Such a study is a painstaking meticulous, long, and expensive procedure. In the vast majority of cases of indigestion, this is not necessary, for the simple reason that it is possible to tell from easily determined symptoms just about what is wrong and by the giving of suitable advice concerning diet and digestion to free the patient from his disagreeable symptoms.

Ideals and opinions expressed in tbis column are those of one of America's most interesting: writers and are presented without retard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

sonally tasted and approved by Dr. Alfred W. McCann. This fondness does not always run to dogs and Shetland ponies and penguins. There is, for instance, a well-known Sagittarian in Great Neck who keeps a stable of pinkstriped zebras iifhis bedroom. These are jumping zebras and to : keep them in shape for the Grand National Hangover Steeplechase which is soon to be held he makes them Lap through the keyhole to and fro each night just before throwing his dinner clothes on the bed and hanging himst'f up in the closet to sleep. As for myself, I am interested in adopting a baby gorilla and I am only waiting to find one that is sympathetic and understanding and without ambitions to become a gunman or a prize-fight manager. (Copyright, 1930, by The Times)

is enough work to keep me busy every minute. I have worked less than forty hours a week, so any one can see if it wasn’t for my wife working we couldn’t live. But what is a poor man going to do? They tell you if you don’t like it, get out. Now we don’t buy fine clothes, autos or radios, for we haven’t any of them. I guess I can’t kick, for I got two weeks’ vacation without pay. It is a good thing I have some credit and a good man to rent from. 1 would like to see some of these big-salaried men live on some of these starvation wages for a while. They would be glad to raise wages. What does Mr. Leslie think about it, or is he too busy fishing to give it a thought. Please don’t print my name, for it might cause me to lose the job I have. I guess I will have to put up with it, for there is no more to get. I don’t mind the work if I get paid enough to let my wife stay at home with the children, where she belongs. A LEBANON READER. Editor Times—l have noticed a lot of letters from men who are out of work. There are a lot of women out of work, too. I would like to ask the good people of Indianapolis what they expect a young widow with two half-grown children to do. For six weeks I have been out of work and no hope of any. I have worn my shoes out and gone hungry so the children could have more to eat. I am in debt and soon will have no place to go. What am I to do—part with my family or live on charity, or one meal a day that the trustees send you? Women must have work. MRS. BROKE. Editor Times—l have been an earnest reader of your paper for nine years and always have found you fighting for the good of our city. I want to congratulate you on the editorials printed concerning the starvation wages contractors are paying the road builders. It is a disgrace to our state and all good pedple should be up in arms about it. May your good work go on. AN OLD READER. How much damage to property is done by rats in the United States in a year? It is estimated that rats destroy $200,000,000 worth of property each year,

AUG. 9, 1930

M. E. Tracy SAYS: The Human Digestive Apparatus Must Be Made Over in Seventy Years, Declares British Scientist. j THE British are blue these days, blue over India, blue over the invasion of American automobiles and movies, blue over the naval pact, unemployment, the opium trade, and a lot of othet. things. Whether It’s due to the teachings of Dean Inge, or the kidding of George Bernard Shaw, heaven only knows, but our cousins across the sea simply can't see anything good or reassuring ahead. Having made what it claims to be a thorough study of the situation, the British Elect: #al and Allied Manufacturers’ Association predicts that the present economic depression won’t end before next summer, and not even then, unless the Young plan and American debt settlements are revised. As though that were not enough for one day, G. P. Bailey, British scientist, prophesies that, unless the human digestive apparatus is made over within seventy years, this old world will find itself short of food. u a Fears Famine IN Bailey’s opinion, the human race will have reached the total of four billion by 2000 A. D. There isn’t land enough, he thinks, to provide bulk food for such a crowd, wherefore it will have to feed on pills and tablets, if it feeds at all. But, he explains, we are not used to pills and tablets, and probably couldn’t get much out of them with a system designed for roast beef, cabbage, and pea soup. The alternative is obvious. Our stomachs and intestines must be revised, improved, and rearranged, all within four generations. o * u A Tussle for Science IT is what you might call a large contract. So large, indeed, that any one but an up-to-date scientist probably would be discouraged by it. Your up-to-date scientist, however, is ready to try anything once, and if the thing doesn’t happen to exist right now, he is ready to conjure it into being for the sake of a tussle. Men in the street may argue that we would begin to feel the pinch long before a world-wide food shortage arrived, and that it would be. some pinch if that shortage were as close as seventy years. They even may go so far as to contend that we would try birth control before we undertook to rebuild our interiors. But men in the street usually are too logical and unimaginative for a scientist who wants to get his name on the front page.

Reproduction in Cycles THE human race has multiplied very rapidly during the last 200 years, especially in spots. By the same law of averages, New York might become a city of fifty million and Chicago one of thirty million. But Rome is a smaller city today j than it was in the time of Augustus, and Egypt contains no more people that it did in the time of Rameses. Reproduction throughout the organic world moves in cycles. Last year we had a bumper corn crop. This year it will be five or six hundred millions bushels short. The idea that we have stabilized the increase of humanity because we have prevented some of the oldtime epidemics is sheer nonsense. a u a Theory Doesn't Work ONE effect of civilized life, especially in the opportunities it afford for comfort and pleasure, is childlessness. In theory, the offspring of Caesar’s legionnaire ought to have overrun the earth by this time, but they haven’t. In theory, descendants of the 6,000 Athenian citizens should amount to six billion now, but they don’t. Beyond that, we haven't begun to till the land available. Out of a billion acres in the United States, for instance, not more than 350 million San be classed, by any stretch of the imagination as cultivated, and it is possible that fifty million, farmed in a scientific way, could be made to produce more than they do. As to Africa and South America, nothing but the rim has been touched. As to Asia, it supports half of the human race, and would do so adequately if the Chinese would quit fighting and the Indians would abandon their faith in hand labor.

Questions and Answers

Why do gasoline trucks have a chain dragging on the ground at the rear? It is a safety device Vibration and friction generate static electricity in the tank, and unless this is carried off and grounded, a spark is likely to discharge across a gap of gas vapor and blow the truck to pieces. How many persons were injured and rendered homeless In the Florida hurricane of 1926? According to data assembled by the American Red Cross the number who received medical and surgical aid was 6,381. More than 20,000 families were rendered temporarily homeless. The total loss of life was 327. Is the longest railway tunnel in the world in the United States? The Cascade tunnel on the Great Northern Railroad between Berne and Scenic in the state of Washington, is the longest in the United States. It is 7.75 miles. It is the fifth longest tunnel in the world. The Simplon tunnel through the Alps, 12*A miles, is the longest railroad tunnel in the world. Who invented the calliope? It was patented Oct. 9, 1855, by J. C. Stoddard of Worcester, Mass-, and with unconscious irony was named for the Greek muse Calliope, whose name means “sweet voice.” What is the term of office of (he Governor of New York? Two years. How often has Easter Sunday fallen on March 21 In the last twenty years? Only once; in 191*.