Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 77, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 August 1930 — Page 4

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They Must Be Punished Grant county, Indiana, stands forth today as a bloody blot on the long scroti that is the history, of civilization. A twelve-hour reign of bestiaity ended this morning with men gone mad gazing with fear-filmed eyes at the bodies of two Negroes Bwaying from a tree on the courthouse lawn in Marion—a twelve-hour reign of lawlessness for which Grant county will bear the scars of shame for twelve times twelve long years. The disgrace that is Grant county s is Indiana’s disgrace in the eyes of the world. Indiana must act now to wipe out this stain. No cursory investigation, no whitewashing of influential citizens, no endless court delays will be tolerated. The dead can not breathe again, the wrong against humanity can not be righted, but a lesson has been written in letters of flame to serve as a warning against a repetition of this lapse into worse than barbarism. Underlying this unspeakable deed in which hundreds of citizens were involved'is lack of confidence in justice as it is administered in this supposedly enlightened age. Trickery of unscrupulous lawyers, delay by judges, inexcusable clemency to the undeserving criminal element, buying of juries all these had their part in the Marion horror* It is time for state officials, judges and the bar association to awaken. It is not the time to bewail, bemoan and prate of “deplorable affairs.” It is the time for swift, sure, intensely vigorous action. Let all those with whom the fault lies heed the handwriting. Now Keep That Pledge A great wrong will be righted and the stain of shame wiped from Indiana s name if members of the state highway commission keep the pledge they made Thursday, in interviews with The Times. The chairman and ail but one commissioner stated emphatically that they would move at once to end the system of virtual slavery that exists on many Hoosier highway projects. Contractors who have beaten down their employes to a starvation wage schedule will be made to pay the penalty of their misdeeds if this promise is adhered to. They will feel the weight of official wrath and public indignation if they persist in their vicious course. They will be blacklisted on future contracts if the commission stands by its guns and does not weaken.

No credit goes to Governor Leslie if this shocking situation is relieved. He apparently gave no heed to the fact that hundreds of laborers were forced to live like serfs, because grasping contractors on state jobs took advantage of the unemployment situation to grind them down to 20 cents an hour. A word from the Governor to the highway commission and there would have been action long before this. But the Governor has been too busy making his term in office one continual vacation to be bothered with the woes of the citizens he is paid to serve. It would be interesting information if gome statistician should come forward with a chart showing exactly how many days the Governor has been at his desk, giving attention to affairs of state. It is certain that little or none of this time has been devoted to a study of the highway wage situation. One commissioner declares that he is ready to visit the highways where peonage has been the rule and see to it that a decent wage is restored. This is an excellent idea. In no other way could the shocking injustice be brought home more emphatically to the commission. An hour’s inspection of the conditions under which men woi'* in the blistering sun should be enough to convince the most skeptical of commissioners that wage slashing is a crime. It should prove to them that profiteering in peace time is as criminal as profiteering in war time. The state expects the commission to live up to its pledge and strike the shackles from hundreds of toilers who have accepted conditions imposed by contractors rather than see their wives and children starve. The state expects to see the guilty contractors punished in the way they best understand—the way that will be the most painful to them—the way of their pocketbooks, swollen with profits ground out of the workmen who have stumbled along at their toil, bowed beneath the contractor’s yoke. The Moline Plan for Farm Relief Our farm problem is bound to be a hair shirt for economists and politicians for years to come. It can not be shelved by scowls, ya rns or epithets about r*ons of wild Jackasses.” With 28,000,000 farmers, " many headed toward foreclosure, bankruptcy and servility, the cry for Justice will not down. Those who are fattening on tariff privileges which benefit specially favored manufacturers can not still the wails of the embattled peasantry. Hence, any plan seriously purporting to give the farmer justice or a square deal must command our respectful attention. Such a plan is the so-called Moline plan, devised eight years ago 17 George Peek and Hugh Johnson, then in Moline. 111. This scheme later was confused v* to asfl*a-a*>!Fß •* **

The Indianapolis Times ,u SCRIPPS-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) Owned nod published d*Uy (except Sunday) by The Indlanapolla Time* Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price In Marion County. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 2 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cent* a week. BOYD UU'RLrf ROT W. HOWARD. PRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager rWONE— Riley BSSI FRIDAY. AUO. ..__l_3o- . Member ol United Press, brripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspapet Enterprisa Association Newspaper Information Sendee and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.*'

of its original force. Let us consider it in its original form. It is a proposal to make the now purely formal tariff on American wheat really effective; in short to give the farmer some actual benefit from the tariff. Even those who are opposed to the tariff probably will agree that so long as we have a high tariff the fanner should derive some benefit from it. Today he is solely a victim, getting no tariff advantages from his wheat sales and having to pay higher costs on most goods he consumes. What are the essentials of the Moline plan, boiled down to the lowest Unlike the McNaryHaugen bill, it is limited to wheat sales exclusively. Today the price of American wheat is fixed by competition in the world market at Liverpool. This is due to the fact that we produce about 25 per cent more wheat than can be absorbed by American consumers. This must be sold in the world market. This fact reduces the price of all American wheat to the competitive world price and nullifies the effect of the tariff of about 40 cents a bushel on American wheat. What do the authors of the Moline plan propose? They suggest that a farmer-financial corporation buy the surplus wheat, i. e., any wheat which the regular market will not absorb at the world price plus the 40-cent tariff. To state it in practical terms, this corporation would buy wheat whenever it is offered in the market for less than the world price from day to day, plus the tariff of 40 cents. This would make the tariff on wheat really operative with the American farmer. He could sell his wheat for approximately $1.40 instead of sl, if we assume the world price to be sl. This corporation which buys the surplus wheat for approximately $1.40 a bushel then would sell it in the world market for sl. This obviously means a loss of 40 cents a bushel to the corporation on the surplus bought and sold. But this is about 30 per cent better for the farmer than selling the whole American wheat crop at $1 a bushel. Further, the loss under the plan would be assessed against the proper parties, namely, those who benefit by the increase in the price of wheat. The Moline plan proposes that tills loss sustained in disposing of the surplus wheat crop be assessed against the farmers in the form of a sale tax on all wheat sold. No wheat could be moved to market unless the sales tax previously had been paid. This tax on the farmers would be used to finance the corporation. Its assessment and collection is the sole part of the government in the plan. This sales tax not only would be an equitable method of handling the loss involved in disposing of the surplus crop, but also would be the only really effective method of checking the overproduction of wheat in this country. The larger the surplus crop the higher the sales tax. This would bring the penalty of overproduction home to the* farmer in a language he could understand. In the present farm- board plan the only check on overproduction is the empty verbal exhortation of public authorities, which has no effect whatever on the millions of individual farmers. The sales tax would come home to every last one of them. If they kept their production down to the point where there was no surplus there would be no sales tax. A fundamental advantage of the Moline plan is its simple principle and machinery. The government would be put to no ultimate expense, for all cost of administration could be included in the sales tax. While giving the farmer the benefit of the wheat tariff, it also throws on him the expense of executing the scheme. The government does not enter directly into the buying scheme. There are those who object to the plan, on the ground that the higher price of wheat paid to the American farmer will increase living costs in our country. But the authors of the Moline plan answer that this objection can be raised against every aspect of the tariff. Why should the farmer be the only one to be penalized to reduce living costs? Either give him free trade and let him both buy and sell at the world competitive market, or else let him profit like other classes In the special privileges of the tariff system. With an increasing number of students swimming in the historic Hellespont each year, it* won’t be long now before they organize a creek-letter fraternity. Prohibition agents are instructed to use brains instead of force in their work hereafter. This will arouse resentment among detectives who are thought to have a monopoly on the method.

REASON BY

*T\HE confusion of babies in this Chicago hospital X will cause a lot of unrest among other parents whose infants were born in the same place. It may be likely that many a Smith family is bringing up a little Jones and many a Jones family bringing up a little Smith. 000 When labor commenced to organize in years gone by many timid people called it an anarchistic movement, but now Matthew Woll, vice-president of the American Federation of Labor, warns the country that Russia is sending agents of Communism among us. 000 The world moves. The eighteenth amendment at least has given us anew set of booze victims. The old saloon took its heaviest toll from the laboring class, but the Keeley institute tells us that most of those now taking the cure are business and professional men. IT was a great joke for the congressional committee to go to Chicago to investigate Communistic activities. It should have investigated the crooked partnership between crime and government in Chicago. That’s the menace there. 0 0 0 A boy who passed Ills mental examination for the naval academy has been rejected because he weighs 225 pounds and stands 6 feet 4. Possibly he would give our navy a greater tonnage than allowed by the London treaty. 000 Anyway, if the young man will just move to Indiana several hundred teams will bid for his basketball services, give him a home with all modern conveniences, provide a job for his father and pension his grandfather, if he has one. 000 THE government is dead right in placing an embargo in the importation of this Russian pulpwood, if, as charged, it is the P oduct of convict labor. We have a sufficient problem with our own convict labor without taking on any from abroad. 000 Before asking the British ambassador to cut out booze, this ex-mayor of Charlottesville, Va., should have filed affidavits against the bootleggers in his own town. However, that would not have provided the desired publicity. 000 With two of her impeached Governors daring to present themselves for the senatoriaLnominatian, Oklibfißi’ft WS&I Xatolc ought to be *exs *o the laundry. v

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

Sun Kept Under Watch by Astronomers in Great Observatories. NO more privacy than a goldfish —lrvin Cobb's famous simile applies these days to Old Sol. For astronomers today keep continuous watch on behavior of the sun. Has anew rash of sun spots broken out on the sun’s face? Its progress is watched by the astronomers with the care of a mother keeping tab on baby’s heat rash. Has a geyser of flaming hydrogen and helium spouted up 50,000 miles or so from the sun’s outer atmosphere? The astronomers are on the job. Two huge steel towers rear their heads to the sky at the great observatory on the summit of Mt. Wilson, 6,000 feet above the sea. In other parts of the world are similar steel towers built on the Mt. Wilson pattern. There is one, for example, at Meudon, France. Another stands at Kodiakanal in India. Atop each steel tower is a dome, housing a mirror. Clockwork and electrical motors turn the mirror so that it always catches the image of the sun. These mirrors are the automatic eyes which watch the sun around the clock. Since the observatories are scattered widely in different parts of the world, the sun always is above the horizon at one of them. It is possible, therefore, to keep the sun under twenty-four-hour watch when desirable.

Hale THE great towers are known as solar telescopes. They are the invention of Dr. George Ellery Hale, honorary director of the Mt Wilson observatory. A quarter century ago, when the Carnegie institution of Washington was embarking upon its program of scientific investigation, it called in Dr. Hale to organize Mt. Wilson observatory. He had previously distinguished himself by organizing the great Yerkes observatory. It occurred to Dr. Hale that a special type of telescope would enhance the astronomer’s ability to penetrate secrets of the sun. Probably the most hopeful optimist would not have anticipated how successful Dr. Hale’s program was goin** to be. For many problems which had baffled astronomers since the early days of civilization were solved with the solar telescopes. The ordinary telescope, built primarily to view the objects of the night sky, benefits by the size of its lenses or mirrors. The big lens or mirror of such a telescope is a light gatherer. The obi' cts of the night sky are faint. Consequently, it is desirable to concentrate as much light as possible into the image formed by the telscope. But the light gathering ability of the telescope is not the primary concern in the case of the sun. The sun is so bright to begin with that the astronomer can view it only through a special dark eyepiece, which excludes most of the light and heat. Dr. Hale reasoned that what was wanted in the case of the sun was a telescope which would give the largest possible image of the sun. tt tt tt Image TO get a large image of the sun, a telescope with a long tube, or to state it more scientifically, a telescope with a long focal length was needed. A telescope built in the ordinary fashion would not turn the trick. So, Dr. Hale designed the first of the two Mt. Wilson towers. It is 75 feet high. The mirror which catches the image of the sun is in the dome of the top of the great steel tower. It reflects the image to a second mirror, which in turn reflects it down a 75-foot tube, which runs down the center of the tower. At the bottom of the tower is a little house. The tube enters through the roof. The image of the sun is brought to a focus on a table top within the house- Suitable apparatus makes it possible to photograph the image or any part of It. A movable slit in the table top makes it possible to admit light from any portion of the sun’s image into spectroscopic apparatus, situated in a well beneath the tower. The 75-foot tower telescope worked so well that the second one was built. This one is 150 feet high. The 150-foot tower telescope has revealed a wealth of detail about the sun which no telescope previously had shown, it revealed, for example, the fine structure of sunspots in a way which it never had been seen before. *

--nqdAM , JP‘thcAug. 8. THE ARMADA’S DEFEAT ON Aug. 8, 1588, the Spanish Armada, a powerful fleet equipped by Philip II of Spain for the conquest of England, was destroyed off Gravelines, England, by the British fleet. Philip’s purpose in sending the Armada was three-fold: To suppress English Protestantism, to stop English piracy in South America, and to prevent English aid from reaching the rebellious Netherlanders. The fleet itself, which consisted of 131 vessels, wtis considerably weakened by storms on its trip from Lisbon to England. Only seventy actually could be used in an engagement. The main English fleet, consisting of eighty much smaller vessels, was all fit for action. As the Spanish galleons lumbered up the English channel, they were unable to return the rapid shot of the English because of their slow delivery. Driven off Gravelines, the helpless Armada was riddled by English shot. The wind ro6e to a storm and drove both fleets to the north. The Spanish admiral saw his only chance of escape around the north of Scotland. Storm and wreck followed him and only about fifty vessels returned home. The destruction of the Armada proved the collapse of Spain’s naval

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Acute Infectious Ills Affect Heart

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association, and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. IT is known to the specialist in heart disease that this organ may become inefficient and degenerate for many reasons. For instance, the acute infectious diseases may leave a weakened heart in their wake, infections of the throat and of the teeth may be transferred to the valves of the heart and to the lining of the heart with disastrous results. Venereal disorders sometimes produce strange changes in tissues of the heart. As man grows older, the strain upon this muscle becomes greater and greater. It attempts to compensate for the strain by enlarging and by stretching, and its function is modified. There are many unsolved riddles yet to be answered before diseases of the heart will be brought fully under medical control. No one knows exactly why the germs from the throat or teeth localize in the heart in certain cases and produce their changes. This has to do perhaps with the constitution or hereditary stock of the individual.

IT SEEMS TO ME BY H broun D

Heywood Broun, who conducts this column, is on his vacation. During his absence Joe Williams, sports editor of the New York Telegram, wiU pinch-hit for Broun.—The Editor. BY JOE WILLIAMS This is a very complex life. I suppose it is easy for the better minds to appreciate the governmental wisdom of spending $50,000,000 for a battleship one year and scrapping it the next. A lot of people probably are puzzled why the $50,000,000 had to be spent in the first place. They are just plain dumb, of course. Current newspaper headlines call attention to the heat wave. It seems that it is hot. Mr. Hoover has had a conference about it. This makes it official. About the only thing Mr. Hoover has not had a conference about so far is the fan dance in Earl Carroll’s revue. Manifestly something will have to be done about the heat wave. There is a possibility that the thing is a plot. Maybe Smith and Raskob are behind it. At any rate the swivel-chair agriculturists see a definite good in the evil of scorching suns and withering grains. It promises a solution of the farm relief problem. Possibly you aren’t any more familiar with the farm relief problem than I. * a tt Farm Problem BROADLY speaking, it seems to consist of a large amount of foodstuffs for which the demand never measures up to the supply. As a consequence, there is always a lot left over. This, then, constitutes the farm problem which the various administrations have been trying to do something about since David Belaaco wore soft collars. Happily, this year nature has moved in to take care of the vexatious question and with a very simple remedy. Burn everything

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—l wish that while you are publishing stories about wage cuts on highways you also would print a story about the municipal airport. The men are working there these hot days at 30 cents an hour, far below the scale of a living Wage, and their wives are forced to leave their homes and children to work in old hot shops to help make the living. How can a man live on less than S2O a week? That is more han they are making. Can a man making $16.50 take care of j wife and three or four children, buy groceries, pay rent, and pay his honest debts? No wonder men go wrong. There has b*3n a lot in your paper about contractors on state highways. Now let the city know what’s happening at the airport. Don’t think i don’t know, for my husband has been working there a good while, [while I work4n a factory to help oak* 4 We hem taken your paper

Will He Balk?

It may be concerned with the fact that he lives in a damp basement or near a river. It may be due to the fact that he is undernourished and has not had sufficient sunlight. It may be a certain form of a general group of germs that does this deadly damage, rather than all of the germs of that group. It may bea combination of any such circumstances. Only when all the facts are known and when the essential information is determined will it be possible to prevent this type of heart disease and to supply proper treatment early enough to secure control. It is, of course, exceedingly important that patients come to the diagnostician soon enough to permit him to give proper advice. If the patient comes too late, such significant changes have already taken place that it is impossible for him to be of any real service. For this, education of the public is increasingly necessary. In the past, patients with heart disease merely took to their beds and waited for the inevitable death, or continued their occupation until

up. Thus you have no surplus. At the same time you still have the demand. And the prices are higher than ever. The formula is so simple it is incredible that none of the country’s great statesmen ever though of trying it out before. Consider the ballyhoo possibilities. Stick with Fess. Bigger and better droughts. Or, down with rain and up with Robinson. This is no conscious attempt to jest at what might easily develop into a national catastrophe. But it is hard for an amateur economist to resist a superficial analysis of the claim that in the end of the dry siege, instead of a headache, is going to be a fine, stirring boon for the boys at the crossroads. Is It Clear? 1 SUPPOSE this sort of reasoning goes back to those same practical principles that are involved in the building and scrapping of $50,000,000 battleships for the news reels. It’s all as clear as mock-turtle soup. While it won’t water any parched acres, everybody sympathizes with the farm people- Fate can paint no more desolate picture than a vast field of ripened crops perishing by the hour before the helpless gaze of those who nurtured them. But meanwhile it is also blistering in the city. Just what is to be and can be done about the situation is a problem. The weather man can’t give you anything but hope. There is no telling how long the heat is going to hang around. Scientists say the weather is changing all over the world. What is more this is a very strange summer. It’s hotter in some places than it ought to be and in others where it should be cold there is no weather at all. a a a Hot, Hotter THE weather is alii scrambled up, and there is no telling what will happen from one day to the

since we have been in this town, sixteen years. Hope to see a little writeup on the other fellow, even if it is tire city airport. Don’t we live in the city and help keep it up? Then let it be fair. A READER. Editor Times—ln answer to ‘‘One who does not believe everything he reads,” I might say that he instead of Mr. Landis could write on something he knows more about. I also have quite a few friends and relatives on farms in the mididlewest and have lived on one myself. I should say for the last ten years the farm wives I know have not prepared the hired hands’ or neighbors’ meals at tbreshi’ - - time. Instead, the men bring their lunches and find they feel much more like working in the afternoon after eating a cold lunch than they wou>.l if they had a hotlunch. r- BETTER INFORMED.

some too severe strain brought a prompt fatality. Modern study attempts to establish the exact capacity of the heart and to find for the individual an occupation suited to his condition. With the heart, as with other portions of the body, it is extremely difficult to separate the effects that are purely mental from those that are physical. Associated with the shock of the World war there were many cases of neurocirculatory asthenia, or weakness of the heart and nervous system, in ' which patients suffer from palpitation and pains and weakness without any physical change actually being present. It is an extremely difficult diagnostic task to separate such cases from actual cases of heart disease. In all this work the newer devices developed and the research that has come from the laboratories of physiology, pathology and bacteriology throughout the world have been of inestimable value. The endowments that continue to grow for furthering such investigation are going to make a much safer and happier world for men, women and children of the future.

Ideals and oninions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this naper.—The Editor.

next, except that you can count on it being hotter. Incidentally, the papers say the aged Mr. Zaro Agha is standing up under the hot spell pretty well, in fact, it doesn’t seem to bother him at all. When it gets too hot on the outside, he just goes to his room, takes off his shoes and goes to bed. This appears to be an old Turkish custom. For some reason the patriarchal Agha didn’t get to visit Mr. Edison the other day, as had been planned. This was disappointing to the public. Mr. Edison seems interested in questions these days. Agha might have asked if it was hot enough for him. This might have got the inventor’s mind off general question No. 4, the one about seven hypothetffcal persons stranded in the desert. I didn’t read all the answers, but I thought the one submitted by young Robert R. Smith of Las Vegas, N. M., was tops for honest emotions. Os the seven the problem was to save three. The three young Robert would s&ve were his fiancee, the younger guide and himself. “I live near the desert and I know how things are,” was his explanation, it seemed to be. Young Robert may not progress very far in science, but few people will get rich selling him the Chrysler tower. (Copyright, 1930, by The Times)

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.AUG. s, lm

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

As Long as the Republican Party Runs a Carpetbag Sk&iv, the South Will Remain Democratic. Troubles multiply for the Hoover administration. As though the stock market crash, the depression, the mid-western bolt, and the return of southern Democrats to their old love were not enough, Colonel Horace Mann threatens to stage a rebellion. He is just as anxious as the next one to build up a Republican party in the south, but has his own ideas of how to do it. F.and-plcked delegates, particularly Negroes, as made possible by postoffice appointments, or the promise of appointments, are not among those ideas. First and foremost. Colonel Mann would have a li!y white organization. Though sympathetic with the colored brother. Colonel Maim does not regard him as good political timber, especially when employed to make foot bridges for northern candidates. u tt tt The Colonel Is Right Theoretically, colonel Mann is wrong. Theoretically, the Republican party is the sworn defender of Negro rights, including the right to be herded by some faction that needs votes at a convention and doesn't know where el"** to get them. When it comes to practical politics below the Mason-Dixon line, however, Colonel Mann Is uncomfortably fight. As long as the Republican party runs a carpet bag show, the south will remain Democratic.

A Rosy Vision IT simply isn’t true, according to Congressman Dempsey, who has spent a few weeks in Europe and ought to know. The much talked about antagonism created by the Smoot-Hawley bill is just another pipe dream, in his opinion. He failed to discover even slight irritation over the way we have boosted duties. Instead, he found not only an intelligent, but favorable conception of the doctrine of protection. “They (Europeans)) recognize the right of each country to do what it finds best to promote its individual prosperity,” he says, "and they think, as we do, that protection is a necessity. “So, there is, as far as I can observe, not only such good feeling as had existed since the World war, but an increase of good feeling.” tt n * It’s All the Same WE are little better off if all Congressman Dempsey says is true. When you get right down to brass tacks, the doctrine of protection leads to exactly the same result, whether adopted as a means of retaliation, or because people believe In it. If the Europeans really “think as we do,” and translate their thinking into Smoot-Hawley bills, what is the difference? Os course, we rather would have them, do it “with a smile,” just as we rather would have a surgeon look pleasant when he begins to wield the knife, but that is a matter of emotionalism, not economics.

That Drought Blessing WITH corn over a dollar, and wheat 8 or 10 cents higher, it only remains for optimists to tell us what a blessing this drought really is. They may get a rise out of some farmers who were fortunate enough to park where it rained, but they will find it harder to convince those who have nothing to sell that higher prices mean very much. Also, they will find it harder to make consumers see the bright side of the picture, once the tincan and cold-storage crowd gets into action. If the optimists want convincing arguments, they should wait until speculators have gained control of the market. Then, and not till then, shall we know what the drought amounted to as a price booster. Railroads are going to be good and ship lean cattle to luxuriant forage, or luxuriant forage to lean cattle, at reduced rates. So, too, the farm board will make loans where it can find a co-opera-tive to sign the note. As for the horny-handed son of toil, who ‘‘rolls his own,” it’s just too bad. Where are the pigeon lofts of the United States navy? At Antacostia, D. C.; San Diego, Cal.; Port au Prince, Haiti; Pensacola, Fla.; Pearl Harbor, Hawaii; Lakehurst, N. J.; Hampton Roads, Va.; Guam; Gould Island, R. I.,and Coposolo, Panama, Canal Zone.