Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 75, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 August 1930 — Page 4

PAGE 4

t € * t * P J - * o** *Mt>

In One City To the highway commission and any other official body in Indiana which is permitting the exploitation and peonizing of labor on public works, the example of the city of Duluth is commended. That city, as has all others in the great northwest, has its problem of unemployment. Its workers are jobless. The lumber camps are. idle. The paper mills are not running, except on part time. To solve this problem Duluth applied that remedy advocated by the Governors who met with President Hoover-: Os building public works of various kinds, not necessarily needed at present, but in order to accomplish the double purpose of employing men and of obtaining permanent public improvements. But Duluth, which has a government in which there is not only an understanding of the problems of labor but a sympathy with the worker, prevented the thing which is happening in Indiana. Because of a sympathy with the real purpose of enlarged public work in times of depression, there was written into every public contract a provision for a forty-eight-hour maximum working week and a 50cent-an-hour minimum wage. Consequently, the people of that city are not scandalized by the spectacle of contractors growing rich at the expense of men who must accept starvation wages or starvation itself. The people of that city do not look upon the monstrous phenomenon of payments of the people’s money to those reduced to a sad •state of peonage. The people were protected because public officials not only gave lip service to anew public policy, but had in their hearts some real understanding of social obligations. The contractors are not getting rich at the expense of the workers. They are reaping only regular profits. They are not the newest Simon Legres of industry, and the worker who finds his job gone is paid a living wage and treated as a respected member of the community instead of being rapidly driven to bread lines and poverty. It is the difference of attitude, of course. In Indiana someone should have thought in advance for the highway commission and the others who prate of sacredness of contracts—and know nothing of the sacredness of human values.

The Sanctity of the Courts “After all, the sanctity of the courts and the rights of a fair trial stand over and above any offense that may be committed, regardless of the enormity thereof. Because that is the very foundation of our government and therefore must not be trespassed upon.” These are the words of Duncan Matheson, read into the Billings pardon rehearing before the California supreme court He is San Francisco’s city treasurer, former policeman, ex-aid in the Fickert prosecution of Mooney and Billings as chief of the 1916 “Bomb squad.” They were read from a letter Matheson had written six years ago to Tom Mooney in his cell, promising to urge executive clemency. After they were read, Matheson, on the stand, quite as simply repeated that he believed the pair had not a fair trial, that MacDonald was a romancer, that he still thought they should be pardoned, that he is an ex-police captain who stood 120 feet from the scene of the explosion, that he knows more about the events behind the scene of the conviction of the two laborites than any man outside of Fickert himself. He is looked upon as one of the mo6t honest men in his city. Duncan Matheson is no lawyer, no judge, charged by his oath with maintaining the “sanctity of the courts.” He's Just one of the 120,000,000-odd Americans who still believes in justice. Yet he has done more than any Californian of recent date certainly to clear the legalistic fog about the famous cases of Mooney and Billings. Matheson has voiced a nation-wide conviction that these men have been deprived of justice, He has reminded the California Governor and supreme court that ihe issue is the “sanctity of the courts.” “Because,” he says, "that is the very foundation of our government and therefore must not be trespassed upon.” Prisons Without Walls Perhaps the most obstructive stereotype which impedes progress in prison administration in the United States is the conviction that safe segregation of convicts depends upon i/uliding prisons af:er the model of fortresses and then surrounding them with massive walls. The western penitentiary of Pennsylvania originally was erected in such a way as to make it a stronger fortification than any fort built by the French, British or Americans in western Pennsylvania. Even today the relatively enlightened board oi the eastern penitentiary of Pennsylvania proposes to waste more than a million dollars in constructing a wall about the new penitentiary. New York plans to spend a million and a half on a wall. These will be more impressive than were the fortifications of Liege or Namur on th Belgian boundary. One reason why we make such slight progress in extending the number bf prison farms is the fact that we can not afford to build the expensive,walls which are deemed necessary to surround even rural prison sites. Not only do we believe that we must have a fortress with walla; we are equally convinced that we must have a vast garrison of heavily armed guards. The new prison system in Russia constitutes an effective demonstration of the fallacy of this whole body of belief. Russia has many penal farms and settlements completely devoid of the usual embattled aspect of walla and ramparts. In ace prison of more than 600 convicts there are only four guards cm duty. With this system in operation, Russia ' s far r efforts at jail delivery and far fewer riot|#than i United States with wails, funs

The Indianapolis Times (A 6CKIPPB-HOWARD .NEWSPAPER) Owned and nnbll.hed dally leicapt Suudiy) by The Indlanapoll* Time* Cos.. 214*220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, lnd. Price In Marlon County. 2 c rll t an copy: elaewVre. 2 cent*—del Ire red by carrier. 12 cent* a week. BOVTToUkLK f. KOI W HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON - Edit or President Bualneaa Manager ~ THOSE- KUer 8881 WEDNESDAY. AUO. Member ot United Preaa, Serippa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. A **°- etation. Newspaper Information Berrien and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

and tanks. Many will answer, “But that is Russia!” The rejoinder is right at hand—American authorities are doing equally well in Delaware. All that is required is the sense to break with a silly and expensive tradition. The fact that Dannemora and Auburn, N. Y., ajpd Canyon City, Colo., were strong bastile-llke fortresses, amply supplied with armed guards, shows how futile it is to put our trust in walls, bars and bullets. An ounce of insight and understanding is worth more than ten tons of stone and steel. One Way Out When all allowances are made for uncontrollable factors in the present serious unemployment situation, the fact remains that much unemployment is due to the deliberate anti-labor policies of many companies. liiose policies victimize not only the workers immediately concerned, but also injure other employers who are trying to keep up the employment and wage levels. Moreover, those policies reduce the general purchasing power of the country, and so prolong the evil circle of economic depression from which the entire nation is suffering. This fact has been known for a long time, but government officials have hesitated to point an accusing finger at the offending industries. Now Secretary of Labor Davis has spoken out frankly and courageously. His statement deserves the widest study by industrial leaders, and by all others interested in ending the business depression. In this interview the Scripps-Howard newspapers, Secretary Davis said: “There are entirely too many 12-hour day and 7day week industries still to be found in this country. “As an illustration of what reasonable hours of work per day and days per week would do for a single locality, let us take the iron and steel industry in the Birmingham (Ala.) district. “The pay rolls of sixteen iron and steel plants show that only about 28 per cent of employes are on an 8-hour day, nearly 42 per cent on a 10-hour day, 27 per cent, on a 12-hour day; 45 per cent on a 6-day week, 32 per cent alternate one 6-day week with two 7-day weeks, while 22 per cent have a straight 7-day week, and most of these have the 12-hour day. “A straight 8-hour day even with a 6-day week would considerably more than double the employment, and if that district with one industry would go on an 8-hour day and a 5-day week it could regularly employ three men where it how employs one . . . “That is but one illustration of what a single industry could do without any radical upheaval in customary hours of labor.” Davis added that the United States Steel Corporation and the Republic Steel Corporation had decreased working hours in the Birmingham district, but that certain other companies had failed to do so. It happens that the short-sightedness of the wage cut policy by some steel companies has also just been emphasized by J. A. Farrell, president of United States Steel. An article in the current Printers’ Ink, listing twelve industrial leaders who oppose wage cuts as tending to increase economic depression, quotes Farrell as follows: “I heard a steel man say the other day, in fact more than one recently, that wages should ome down. I said, ‘oh, no, wages in the steel incest y are not coming down; you can make up your mind ■ > that fact. If you are going out to sell your goods and eliminate your profits and expect to get it out of the men in the mills you greatly are mistaken.’ ” Unless employers in various parts of the country who are guilty of unjustified wage cuts, working hour increases, and wholesale lay-offs, can be persuaded by public opinion to adopt the more intelligent policy urged by uch experts as Davis and Farrell, hard times are apt to grow worse instead of better. Now that Denmark has decided to dispose of its only two cruisers, opponents of disarmament will be expected to laugh it off with the remark: “There’s something rotten in Denmark.” Since the government has announced it will not pay for liquor dispensed in United States embassies, American diplomats no longer can be expected to begin their toasts: “It’s on the house.”

REASON v "X““

IT becomes increasingly apparent that President Hoover made a mistake when he appointed Nicholas Roosevelt of New York vice-governor of the Philippines, as one reads that the Filipinos assembled and cart into the sea Roosevelt's writings and reflections on their character. tt u tt We would not dream of insisting that a foreign nation should accept an American ambassador it did not want, and we should not insist that a helpless people should accept an ofacial who has aroused their hostility. We should be the last to do such a thing, since our ancestors hurled many bitter protests against England because she appointed royal governors obnoxious to the colonists. a tt tt AND it is all unnecessary, there being a million ether Americans capable of holding down this ornamental niche in public life. It is particularly regrettable since our relations with the Philippines are very delicate just now, ac a result of the anti-Filipino riots in California. nun Roosevelt has only a recess appointment and he comes up for confirmation at the next session of the senate, when the country will be treated to another battle between the senators and the executive and it is highly probable that Roosevelt will be rejected. n n n Dispatches from Washington announce that Mr. Hoover has decided to assume a militant leadership, but *he success of the endeavor will depend entirely on the righteousness thereof. If the equities be equally divided between the President and the senate, the former will win with the people, for he is an individual and the senate is an institution. n n n BUT it would seem to a man up a tree that the executive has made an unfortunate selection of the next issue on which he will go to the mat with the senate's, for the proposition of fair play, always controlling with the people, is against the appointment of Roosevelt. n m It's a horse of another color in the case of the appointment of Theodore Roosevelt as governor of Porto Rico for there all the sentiment was to the appointee, his father having been extremely popular with the Porto Ricans, and since he has assumed office the young man has strengthened this popularity by a wise and sympathetic demeanor. n Knowing that the matter will come up before the next session of the senate, the Filipinos, as good politicians, may be trusted to keep upa rumpus until next winter. ® All in all, it is unfortunate. *

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

The Key to Many Secrets of the Universe Is Found in the Dark Lines in the Spectrum of the Sun. TWO professors at the University of Heidelberg in Germany gave the world the key to secrets of the universe. By reading the meaning of the dark lines in the spectrum of the sun, they accelerated the progress of science and so hastened the march of our civilization which today rests in large part upon a foundation of scientific achievement. Joseph Fraunhofer, famous instrument -maker of Munich, had shown in 1814 that when sunlight was passed through a prism and the resulting rainbow or spectrum examined with a little telescope, the magnified spectrum was seen to be crossed with hundreds of black lines of varying thickness and intensi- | ties. He found tnese same black lines ! in the spectrum of moonlight and | the light of the planets, light which | of course is reflected sunlight. Many astronomers and physicists immediately took up the study of spectra and examined not only the spectra of the heavenly objects, but the spectra of flames, electric arcs, and other sources of light. But for almost half a century the mystery of the dark lines in the spectrum of the sun continued to elude the grasp of those studying it. Then in 1859, the two Heidelberg professors solved the mystery. Their names were Kirchoff and Bunsen. ana Band FIRST of all, Kirchoff and Bunsen demonstrated that when the light from a solid source, as for example that from a glowing piece of iron, was examined with a spectroscope, as the combination of prism and little telescopes was named, the resulting spectrum was a continuous band of colors. They also showed that a similar band, known as a continuous spectrum, was obtained when the source of light was a glowing liquid, for example, molten iron, or a glowing gas under very high pressure. They next showed that when the source of light was a vapor at low pressure, as for example the vapor formed by putting a little sodium into a gas flame, the resulting spectrum was a series of isolated bright lines. This type of spectrum is known as the bright line spectrum. They showed further that each chemical element had a distinctive bright line spectrum which always served as a positive means of identifying it. Here was a tool of immense value to the chemist. Amounts of a chemical element too small to be identified by ordinary chemical means, could be traced instantly with the spectroscope. Kirchoff and Bunsen predicted that the spectroscope would be used to discover chemical elements then still unknown and in subsequent years this prediction came true. And finally, the two professors revealed the riddle of the dark lines in the spectrum of the sun. u tt Solution THEY showed that when the light from a solid source was allowed to pass through a gas before reaching the spectroscope, the result was a spectrum like that of the sun, a continuous band of colors crossed by dark lines. They showed further that the dark lines which resulted corresponded exactly to the bright lines which would have resulted had gas which was used as the intervening medium been used instead as the source of the light. In other words, each chemical element absorbed out of a spectrum the lines which it was capable itself of originating. ■ Here then was the secret of the sun’s spectra. The continuous band of colors was caused by the light which comprised the sun’s atmosphere. It was now possible to identify the gases in the outer region of the sun. All that it was necessary to do was to check the dark lines of the sun’s spectrum with bright line spectra formed in the chemical laboratory. In this way, the chemical elements in the sun could be identified. The study of the sun’s spectrum has gone on from that day to this. For subsequent study has proved that not only do the spectrum lines reveal the chemical elements present but that they reveal much information as to temperature, pressure, electrical conditions, and magnetic conditions.

THE TRANSFIGURATION ON Aug. 6, Greek and Latin churches commemorate the anniversary of the Transfiguration, when Christ ascended Mount Tabor with his three favorite disciples, Peter, James and John, and revealed a supernatural change in his personal appearance. A chapel dedicated to the Transfiguration caps the highest peak of Mount Athos in Greece, where a great annual service is performed on the recurrence of the festival Tozer describes the scene as follows: “As we approached from the east we first heard the sound of chanting from within the chapel, and when we came round the platform in front a scene appeared which 1 never shall forget. “Distinctly seen in the moonlight were the weird ghostly figures of the monks, closely wrapped in their gowns, with long black bearcs and mushroom locks, some sitting close to the little window of the chapel, where the service was going on, some lying about in groups, like the figures of the three apostles in Raphael's picture of the Transfiguration. “At intervals, as we sat there, the priest came out arrayed in gorgeous vestments and swung the incense about us. The vigil lasted a whole night.” DAILY THOUGHT To live beneath sorrow, one most yield to It—Mme. de Steel. And we know that all things work together for good to them that love God.—Romans 8:28,

*> \ i*.\v i i u t//^\mm v * \v i/VV/v " i \i(M\\rmmw&^mSmr^

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Certain Diseases Require Specialists

This is the second of anew series of article by Dr. Morris Fishbein on "Frontiers of Medicine,” which will describe important advances In the history of medicine and problems that face doctors today. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. IN modern practice the general practitioner still attempts to diagnose and treat the vast majority of conditions which come to him. Today at least 60 per cent of men in practice in this country still are general practitioners. An investigation made by the committee on medical education revealed that 90 per cent of the diseases which come to the physician can be diagnosed and treated by a general practitioner. This 90 per cent, however, includes all common digestive disorders, the coughs and colds, and the minor injuries which make up the majority of human complaints. “It includes also the care of the acute infectious diseases which are easily recognized, such as diph-

IT SEEMS TO ME BY H BROUN D

Hey wood Broun, who conducts this column, is on his vacation. During his absence Joe Williams, sports editor of the New York Telegram, will pinch-hit for Broun.—The Editor. BY JOE WILLIAMS A WEEK-END in the Pocono mountains where New Jersey and Pennsylvania drowse in the sunlight and blink languidly at each other across the crystal waters of the Delaware. You’re pretty sure to meet up with Elmer, the innkeeper- Most everybody in the mountains knows Elmer. He’s the sort of a cross between B. G. Shaw and Tom Edison. There isn’t much that Elmer does not know about things and there isn’t much that he can’t do. Elmer’ll sit out on the sprawling wood porch of the inn with you and talk politics and science and music and even sports, if you insist, until the cows come home. Personally Elmer thinks the country is all right when you get right down to the- bottom of things and what good is it a-going to do just to sit back and bellyache about things anyhow? You don’t think that’s a-going to make ’em any different, do you? Well, if you do you’re pretty much mistaken, that’s all. . U tt * Elmer’s Dream RIGHT now Elmer’s getting ready to put his newest contrivance on the market. A bunch of powerful bankers from up Allentown way are going to finance it. He calls It cro-golg. Loosely speaking it’s a combination of croquet and golf. You hit a large wooden ball with a croquet mallet, but instead of knocking it through wickets you sink it in holes, as on putting greens. The idea came to Elmer one night in a dream. It was the strangest thing. You never would have guessed that anything unusual was going to happen. It was just a plain, common, ordinary night and yet Elmer hadn’t been in bed more than an hour or so —well, it ddip’t seem any longer than an hour or so anyhow, though you never can tell about these things. Sometimes you can go to bed and it won’t seem like you’ve been sleeping more’n ten minutes when it’s time to get up. * u m Poor Tom Thumb OF course, a fellow’s just plumb crazy if he pays attention to everything he dreams, because nine times out of ten, yes, you can make it 99 times out of 100, they don’t mean a solitary thing. But every once in a while a dream will come to a fellow that is more than a dream—it’s a message, and then’s the time to act. This is the way Elmer feels about dreams, and so when the mysteries of cro-golf were unfolded before him in his sleep, he went right to work and built a course on a lawn in front of the inn. Later on, Elmer went down to Washington and had the idea patented and now nobody can build a course unless Elmer says it’s all right. A day or so ago a fellow from the city was in to see Elmer and offered him $50,000 or some such sum for the patent, but Elmer wouldn’t sell. “One of these days the newspapers will me up as the man who drove the Tom Thumb

A Grim Volunteer!

theria, scarlet fever, measles and pneumonia. It includes certain forms of surgery in various portions of the body for * which the technic long has been established. Unless complications ensue the general practitioner can handle thqse quite satisfactorily. The general practitioner has been trained ir the care of mothers before child firth and in the care of the not too complicated cases during childbirth. He can take care of a fracture, a dislocation, or an amputation, if the condition is not so unusual as to challenge his experience and his knowledge. There are, however, many purely medical conditions which demand the special knowledge of one who is equipped for finer examinations. The specialist in internal medicine concerns himself with disturbances affecting the heart and lungs, the circulation, the organs within the abdomen, digestive disorders, degenerative disorders and other complications of human physiology, which are puzzling to the general practitioner. In the diagnosis of heart disease, it is possible for any general prac-

courses out Os business,” says Elmer, sort of joking-like, “and it’ll be a good thing.” And maybe it will. a a a Jake the Guide ANOTHER gentleman of no little local renown you are pretty apt to meet in the mountains is Jake, the guide. Only Jake is something more than a guide. He’s a humorist and philosopher. Say, if you think Will Rogers is funny, well you ought to hear Jake. It isn’t so much what Jake says as how he says it. The funniest thing happened the other day. As everybody knows there’s deer in the mountains and Jake says there’s bear, but the townspeople kind of think this is just one of Jake’s little jokes, because nobody ever comes back with a bear, so it must be that old mister bear is a slick article, eh? Well, anyhow, the other day Jake is sitting out on his front porch pulling away at his pipe and watching the sun drop behind the hills,

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—When the time comes that Indiana allows her roads to be built with 20 to 30 cents an hour labor, then we would better forget about Russia and let her dump her cheap coal, magnesium and lumber on our shores; for, as a matter of fact, we are no better. Any firm that will take a state contract for road building on a basis of 50-cent labor, and just because times are hard and men will labor for a pittance even rather ■han steal, and will cut that to 20 and 30 cents, has sacrificed its right to be classed with honest business—certainly nc longer humane. Think of men working hard in the blistering heat we are having for just enough to keep a little food on the table. That is all that such wages will do for a family. Then ask what right have we to object to Russia or any other country’s mode of living? MALCOLM SALMOND. 127 W. Georgia street. Editor Times—Following Is a letter sent to John E. Shearer and C. O. Sutton: From recent dispatches in local papers we understand that the Marion county commissioners are intending to complete the purchase of the two churches on the World war memorial plaza site. We want to express our appreciation to you for this decision and assure you that you have the whole-hearted support not only of the American Legion, but of practically all the taxpayers of the county in this move. As you may know, there is a movement on foot to make 1933 a year long to be remembered in Indianapolis by the opening and dedication of this memorial. Among other events, it is planned to have the national convention of the American Legion. To do all these things, however, it is secondary to make any plans long in advance of 1933. Nothing can be done until every one is assured of the removal of the churches and the completion of the mn-in building. You must realize that it will be at least' two years from the tune the churches are ac-

titioner who has kept himself up to date to determine whether diseases of the heart are present, the nature of that disease, and the competency of the patient to perform certain work. On the other hand, the heart is hidden away in the chest where it can not be seen, and all of its functions and the changes which it undergoes must be determined from evidence which is secured only with the greatest of difficulty. It is possible by thumping the chest to outline roughly the borders of the heart and thus to know whether it is enlarged or smaller than it ought to be. It is, however, possible by use of the X-ray to determine the borders of the heart exactly. It is possible by listening heart to determine whether the valves are functioning satisfactorily and to know whether it is likley that they are constricted, thus permitting an insufficient amount of blood to pass through; or dilated, permitting the blood to leak back after it has passed through. When such changes occur, murmurs arise, which can be heard by a stethoscope.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most Interesting writers and are presented without recard to their acreement or disarreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

when he sees what he thinks is a strange-looking wild animal coming down the road leading from the mountains. Now you should never be surprised at what you see coming out of the mountains, because, as Jake says, there must be animals back in there that nobody even ever heard tell of. So Jake sits there on the porch and watches and what he see? is a short, bull-necked, barrel-chested ogre walking on hind legs and swinging a pair of arms that almost dragged in the dust. You couMn’t blame Jake for thinking a lot of crazy things and for once in his life not seeing anything funny in the situation. But it turns out that this time the joke was on Jake, because it wasn’t any gorilla or any strange wild animal at all. It was a prize-fighter from the city. A fellow named Paulino, who is training up in the mountains. Jake says he’d rather meet a bear face to face and no foolin’Icdbyrißht. 1930. by The Times)

tually. purchased until the churches reasonably may be expected to move. We hope you gentlemen will realize the necessity for immediate action and complete this purchase at once. In ord :r to clarify the situation may we inquire just when you are going to complete this purchase? This matter is of vital importance, gentlemen, and we irust you will see the necessity of not only advising us of your intentions to act at once, but acting at once. DAVID H. JENNINGS. Chairman, Seventh district American Legion plaza committee.

You Supply the Money —We’ll Arrange the Trip. Consult the Travel Department. Washington Bank and Trust Company QfyaihuujtbK Sited at ScaoJc

.AUG. 6, 1930

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Haven't the Movies Taught Us to Believe in the Happy Ending, Without Any Effort on Our Part to Bring It Aoout? A COUPLE of mflfflon playing miniatur' golf every day; city ordinances to keep kids out of trees; two Germans offerings to bounce across the Atlantic in a rubber ball; Jack Evans getting $67 for occupying a coffin for a week; Zaro Agha, alleged Turkish Methuselah, trying to crash Edison’s front door—who says that times are hard, or ingenuity has run out? Whether crises produce great men, they certainly give birth to peculiar ideas. Out of the World war, came pacifism, Communism, Fascism and Gandhism. Out of the depression in this country comes a multitude of stunts, freaks and fakes, too numerous to mention. an* Farmers Need a Game LET us not be discouraged by the drought. Three months ago, we had bread lines in some of our cities. Now we have r-.inlature golf and every one Is happy. Why not invent a game for the farmers? They should be able to live off each other if the rest of us can. All the situation seems to demand is a genius, not in the field of agriculture or economics, but in that of amusement. Give the boys a chance to play, and they will soon forget the parched corn, and skinny cattle. ana Too Hot to Bother OUR forefathers went on the theory that if a man made better mouse traps, the world would beat a path to his door. But we have a better one. Why wait for the world, or sweat over mouse traps? Why not just hang up a sign, mount a flagpole, or go over Niagara Falls in a barrel, and let the suckers spend their money. Why bother about the problem of Russian trade or a possible milk shortage, especially when it’s so hot? Besides, what do we pay presidents of big corporations for, if not to look after such details? a a a Awaiting Happy Ending ITALY has just signed a treaty in which she agrees to extend 76 per cent credit for all purchases made by Soviet Russia; European automobile manufacturers, are trying to formulate a plan by which they can arbitrarily limit the sale of American cars; Canada has just elected a hard-boiled, Conservative government, and red armies are likely to take over control of China, but why should we worry?' Things may be a little tough for some folks, but what does that amount to, as long as we can find change enough to patch a tire or buy another gallon of gas? What if the corn crop has shriveled by half a billion bushel, or the milk supply has gone down by 15 or 20 per cent? What if three or four million men are out of work, while as many more women and children face actual want? Haven’t the movies taught us to believe in the happy ending without any effort on our part to bring it about? Aren’t highbrows constantly telling us to be liberal and mind our own business even if we haven’t any? Doesn’t the past prove that we can always depend on some genius to get us out of a jam? a a a Stew in Own Juice WHAT’S the use of reading editorials as long as there are comic strips, or wading through a column of international news when one can get so much more enjoyment out of a swim or a slapstick comedy. As for the farmers’ plight, what does it prove but the folly of not moving to town? As for the condition of our big industries, what brought it about but overproduction? As for the rest of us, we shall be broad-minded and Jet them stew in their own juice. What king gave the Magna Charta to Great Britain? It was wrung from King John by his barons assembled in arms, and was given by the king’s hand, June 19, 1215, as a confirmation of his own act, on the little island of the Thames, within the county of Buckinghamshire, which is still called Magna Charta island. The charter was really a compact between the king and his barons, and almost exclusively for the benefit of the latter, though confirming the ancient liberties of Englishmen in some few particulars.