Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 60, Indianapolis, Marion County, 19 July 1930 — Page 4

PAGE 4

t€pIMPS -how amo

Future of the Metropolis In a recent number of the American Mercury, Dr. Warren S. Thompson challenged our complacency in regard to the 100 per eent desirability of mammoth cities running into the millions in population. He showed convincingly that the great city* falls down almost entirely on the basis of the human audit and fares badly even with respect to the purely financial audit. In short, the metropolitan center is ruinous to real living and far from as advantageous in an economic sense as ordinarily supposed. He now turns from analysis to prophecy in another article on “The Future of the Large City" in the latest issue of The Mercury. It is Dr. Thompson s thesis that great cities were a logical product of a past stage of technology. They were adapted to the age of steam, limited means of communication and the inadequate transportation facilities of the pre-automobile era. The g r eat cities grew up in the age of steam power. Now steam can be produced most economically in large units and can not be transmitted directly over any great, distance. Hence, the work had to be carried on in a place nearby. This mcaflt the rise of the monster factory'. & The undeveloped nature of the telephone made communication difficult. Control and co-ordination best could be exerted under one roof. Transportation facilities were limited so it was hard to gather employes from a distance. Along with this came the "bigness bug” of anew and developing country. These elements created the metropolis. Great technological changes have since taken place. We are entering the age of electrical power which can be transmitted over great distances. The telephone will allow of communication over large distances with no loss of time and relatively slight expense. The automobile and paved roads permit workmen to drive to factories from widely scattered homes. Her.ce. the massing of the working population no longer is at. all indispensable from the purely economic point of view. Such massing never has been desirable from a human and social point of view'. Dr. Thompson predicts a slow but certain process of devolution and decentralization. This will combine sound economics with ability to realize decent and human living conditions. We may escape from our cages without losing our pocketbooks. “In the building of the new social and economic order, based on full use of electricity and the gas engine. I believe that we may look for some great changes In the structure of the large city of the future as compared with that of the city of today. . . . “It may well be that the big city of the future will be an altogether different creature from that of today. It may be an urban area, covering a relatively large territory, with many sub-centers, so organized that the advantages of big business and mass production can be retained, and yet so decentralized that all but a few people can live within a short distance of their work, while having also sufficient space both indoors and out so that they can enjoy mere living." How City Folks Live Twenty-five American cities have populations in excess of 100.000. the census reveals. Five of these harbor more than 15,000,000 persons, and the twentyfive contain more than a fourth of all the people in the country. The continuing trek from the soil to the factory has of course deeply influenced our national habits. We have more machines, more steel and concrete, and as a race move more and more away from the primitive existence of our ancestors. And we have vastly more leisure. Those who deplore mechanization and what it entails therefore will find cause for cheer in two other things the government has discovered. It seems that apartment life has not diminished the love of people for their gardens, and that walking for recreation remains popular. „ If John Smith doesn't keep in contact with nature by following a plow, he nevertheless grows roses and radishes. If he rides street cars or busses, or goes to work in his auto, he plays golf, tennis, or hikes, or goes in for dancing. Garden clubs, the department of agriculture tells us arc springing up all over the country, and a national federation of state garden clubs has been organized. Several government pamphlets dealing with flowers have reached the best seller class, circulating mere than a million copies. The bulletin on roses—the most popular—went to J.IOO persons in 1923. Home vegetable gardening likewise is becoming more popular. The department of commerce has discovered that modem transportation facilities have decreased walking along established lanes of travel. But recreational activities have increased, and a counterbalancing factor is the tendency to remove residential districts from business areas, and the establishment of factoriesaway from well-developed regions. Apparently part of the population, at least, is finding means to offset the bad features of modern urban life. This Is Terrible! If the Fish committee of the house of representatives now investigating Communist activities -in New York City accomplishes nothing more than it did on Wednesday its labors will have been justified. The startling discovery was made that Communist youngsters at a camp nearby are taught to say, "Damn it. pass the bread,” when they are at table. The committee has this information on the solemn assurance of Charles G. Wood, commissioner of conciliation of the department of labor. Everybody knows that little ones. Communists or otherwise, should say, “Please pass the bread,” or something like that. Wood did not reveal what words were employed when meat, or more ice cream, is desired. We shudder to think what young reds would say. Or suppose there wasn't any bread. Clearly here is a plot of the Third Internationale engineered from Moscow and financed vith Soviet gold, which menaces the security of government and the future of the race. Happily, the Fish committee can nip it. We suggest federal legislation making it a prison offense for any minor to say, "Damn it, pass the bread." Ratify the Treaty Determination of the spokesmen of the administration to force a vote in the senate on the London naval treaty will be approved generally. Passage of the treaty seems assayed and the wear}' arguments of recent days are changing no votes. Seven pending reservations will be rejected, as they should be, with the exception of one by Senator Norris, to which the administration does not object. This reservation stipulates that the senate ratify the treaty with the express understanding that there ere no secret agreements or commitments affecting it. Efforts of Senators Johnson, Hale, McKellar,

The Indianapolis Times (A BCBIPrS-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) , owned nnd pnblLbrd dally (except Sunday) &T The ln.llaniipoH* Timex Pubnebln* Co--214-220 We*t Maryland Street, Indian* poll*. Ind Price In Marion County. 2 cent* ■ copy: elxewbere. 3 cent*-delivered by carrier. 12 renta a week. ___ iIoYI. Ol RLEY ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK li MORRISON. Editor President Bu.ltfoa Manager I'HONK lilM .WI SATURDAY. JULY 19. 1830. uemher of l tilled I’reaa, Scrlppx-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Assoclttion .N f w.i'|Wr Information Service and Audit Bnreau of Clrculationa. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”-

Copeland and others to bring about rejection of the treaty have accomplished little, end they have been unable to bring to light anything of consequence to make an adverse vote desirable. The hullabaloo about secret papers was for the mo6t prompted by a desire to delay or kill the treaty, rather than by any serious belief that anything would be revealed which would menace the country. There has been ample time for discussion, and the people of the country want the treaty ratified, in the belief that it is a wise step toward disarmament and peace. These things being true, the sooner the senate does it the better. A Better Method Word comes from Atlanta, birthplace of the present-day Ku-Klux Klan, of the organization of the “American Fascisti,” whose avowed purpose is combating Communism in the south by a campaign of education to remove the causes. Black shirts have been adopted as official insignia. Whether any considerable number of Americans can be persuaded to join the movement is doubtful. If they do, we only can hope they do not indulge in the excesses and lawlessness of the Klan, or attempt to ape the tactics of the Italian organization after which they are modeled. The idea of checking Communism by removing causes is sound, and the south should be a fertile field for such endeavor. Wages in the newly industrialized states of that area are pitifully inadequate, and a successful effort to raise them probably would do more than 'anything else to check red leanings. Also, the new organization might end c k limit child labor, which s6me southern states have insisted on retaining. There is further opportunity in the eradication of illiteracy. If Communism is bad, and the American Fascisti are sure of it, the best way to confine it is through education which will enable the unschooled masses to think for themselves. Boosting the Highway The scheme for a great Pan-American highway, which would give motorists of Canada and the United States access by road to the countries of South America, probably will receive material aid from the International Road conference in Washington next fail. Already, is is announced, the United States bureau of public reads is preparing to open an office in Panama to advise Central American countries on the location of the road from the Mexican border to the isthmus. The Mexican section will be completed before long, and South American nations are displaying keen interest in the project. One can only hope that the whole proposition goes forward rapidly. The highway will be of immense importance to every country in the new world. Its construction will be one of the most notable events since the voyage of Columbus. II all these boys engaged in a tree-top sitting endurance contest were perched in trees bearing green apples, that would be news. The safest drivers of automobiles in Chicago, a report says, are the undertakers. And good reason: They’re the most practiced. The plan of Dr. Laird of Colgate university to make factories give off perfumes instead of foul odors is good news for our own olfactories. S. S. Van Dine says: “No reader of detective fiction is ever stupid.” P. S.—S. S. Van Dine is a writer of detective fiction. One of the peculiarities of our business situation is that business gets slack just when money gets tight. When Admiral Byrd arrived in St. Louis the other day to find the thermometer sticking at 103, he must have wondered if he did*the right thing in cutting loose from all that Antarctic ice.

REASON

HAPPY days have come for the farmer’s wife; she has escaped the drudgery which went with harvesting and threshing. That was the thing she comtemplated with horror; that was the stifling, sizzling ordeal of the year. BUB She bent over a hot stove boiling beef and gazed into the baking countenance of an over, keeping tab on her apple pies, for she was up against a bunch of customers who could eat the hinges off a bam door. Alongside the ruddy son of the stubble field, the cannibal was an invalid on a diet of spinach. n b b * “He ate like a harvest hand!” That’s always been the highest compliment one could pay another's intake and the wonder of it is that all of them didn't die. for back they went to the fields to resume their labors with tanks gorged with heavy food. a a a BUT this is all over now, except in remote communities; the wife has closed her smothering filling station and the farmer loads his men into machines and brings them to town and feeds them at the restaurant, while his wife finds surcease from the blasts of July by turning on the radio and hearing Byrd describe the daily routine of the polar bear, a a a Another great forward step has been taken in the elimination of booze from harvesting. Strange as it may seem, there was a time when it was considered impossible to harvest without a jug of com liquor in the field; it was thought the men could not keep cool without a lining of firewater. a a a But harvesting and threshing are not what they used to be in other ways; they are not the summer highlights of former days when rural life was more detached In those times when it was a day’s journey to the county seat and back, harvesting and threshing were great social occasions, folks from all the country 'round coming in and friends from town driving out to spend the day. a a a THEY were great opportunities for candidates for office, these gentlemen making their rounds with unfailing regularity dispensing cigars of questionable merit after the noon-day meal and those who were oratorically equipped making speeches to the men who sat backed up against the trees. ~ a a a Lincoln used to be a prime favorite at such functions in early Indiana, his inexhaustible fund of stories and his powers of mimicry making him the ideal entertainer, but Lincoln was not a candidate then, for he was in his teens; he was one of the workers in the field and his compensation usually was 25 cents a day. a a a But what harvesting has lost, in its picturesqueness and on its social side is compensated-a thousand times by the lifting of the flaming burden of the cooking from tliefscki of women.

D FREDERICK LANDIS

THE ’ INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ Scores of Ancient Myths Give Interesting Ideas About *Creation” or “Discovery” of Sun. AMONG the oldest and most interesting myths in existence are those relating to the creation of the sun. They are to be found in every part of the world. It is an amusing commentary upon man’s egotism that most of these legends suppose that the earth and even mankind to have been in existence prior to the creation of the sun. Ancient peoples always imagined that the earth was the center of the universe. Most of them went a step farther and imagined that their nation was the center of the earth. Thus, for example, in the time of Homer the Greeks imagined that the earth was a circular plate-like affair around the edge of which ran the “River Ocean.” At the very center of the plate was the territory of the Greeks. Some of the solar creation myths even tell of a primitive race which created the sun. It is interesting to compare these myths with modern scientific teaching. Astronomical research has shown that the sun is 1,300,000 times the volume of the earth. The present belief of scientists is that the sun existed perhaps for 15,000,000,000 years before the earth and the other planets came into existence from gaseous material thrown off by the sun. a an Indians A GREAT variety of myths about the sun’s origin are to be found among the American Indians. These have been collected by a number of authorities, including Brinton, Curtin and Olcott. Most of these myths start with the premise that the earth existed in a state of darkness or gloom until the creation of the sun. A rath& naive myth of the tribes of the northwestern part of the continent is that the raven, who was their chief god, stumbled upon the sun quite by accident one day, and realizing that it was a rather handy and useful gadet, put it up in the heavens for the benefit of mankind The Yuma Indians have a legend that the god Tuchaipa first made the world and then the moon. The moon, however, failed to furnish as much light as men needed, and so the god created the sun for thifm. The Cherokee myth is more elaborate. It is interesting because it contains a veference to a deluge and also illustrates the way in which a foot taboo is connected with a myth of this sort. The myth as related in a report of the United States ethnology bureau, says in part: “When the earth was dry and the animals came down, it was still dark, so they got the sun and set it in a track to go every day across the island from east to west just overhead. “It was too hot this way, and the red crawfish had his shell scorched a bright red so that his meat was spoiled and the Cherokee do not eat it. The conjurers then put the sun another handbreadth higher in the air, but it still was too hot. “They raised it another time and another until it was seven handbreadths high, and just under the sky arch. Then it was right and they left it so.” a b a Seven IT also is interesting to note in the Cherokee legend just quoted the introduction of the magic number seven. The sun is “just right” when it is placed at a height of “seven handbreadths.” The idea that the sun was much nearer the earth than it is now is encountered in a number of Indian myths. Some of these accounts for the western deserts, upon the supposition that they were scorched during the time the sun was too close to the earth. The Wyandot Indians have a myth that the sun was created by the turtle after a council of the animals in the early days of the world. According to this myth, the turtle created the sun and then created the moon to be the sun’s wife. # The Navajo Indians have f? legend which credits their own ancestors with the creation of the sun. According to it, the Navajo and other tribes, at a very early date, met together and decided that the earth was too dark and gloomy. So the udse men decided to create the sun, moon and stars. The legend is delightfully vague as to just how they accomplished this deed. But the legend says that the old men of the Navajo tribe constructed the sun in a house specially built for this purpose. They appointed one of their tribe to carry the sun up the mountains. But he stumbled and as a result the deserts were burned brown. Then the old men puffed vigor-' ously on their pipes and blew at the sun. The sun retreated into the heavens before this barrage of smoke and has remained there ever since.

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ST. VINCENT DE PAUL July 19

ON July 19, 1576, St. Vincent de Paul, adviser of the queen and oracle of the Catholic church in France, vas born. St. Vincent was captured by corsairs shortly after his ordination and carried into Barbary. He converted his renegade master and escaped with him to France. When he became chaplain general of the galleys of France, his tender charity brought hope into the prisons where despair had reigned. His charity took him among the poor, the young and old and Christians enslaved by infidels. Stories are told of how he went through the Paris streets at night seeking the children left there to die, and of how he once took the place of an imprisoned man at the galley oar so the prisoner might go to his mourning mother. His name is associated with the deeds of many Catholic charities, including the Society of St. Vincent de Paul, a laymen's organization formed in 1835 in Paris with the object of visiting poor and suffering and dispensing relief and sponsoring other charitable works. St. Vincent de Paul died in 1660.

I ■ the ■—=3rl ) h ONLY THING WRONGr Jh WITH THIS COUNTRY 15 NOBODY IS WILLING-TO DO ANY WORK . '/// \VY FOR WHAT YOU PAY'EM- x I *** J JUST WANNA PLAY L-JU ALL THE TIME? j

— DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Cleanliness of Milk Supply Important

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. AS has been said many- times in these columns, milk is known as the “perfect food.” Kopeloff emphasizes the fact that the germs find it a perfect food just as well as man. It is for tliis reason, he says, that milk is responsible for more illness and deaths than perhaps all other foods combined. The germs get into the milk easily through improper handling. They grow readily in the milk, once they have gotten in, and they are spread easily through the widespread use of milk as a food in its own or as a part of other foods. Practically all other food substances are eaten cooked, but milk frequently is more consumed raw. Asa result of the factors that have been mentioned, it has become a custom among civilized people to

IT SEEMS TO ME

VARIETY, theatrical weekly, j which casts a shrewd, although materialistic e”e upon the current scene, has found that Calvin Coolidge, once the first gentleman of the land, is now the third columnist. Its statement is somewhat more concise for the headline reads, “Cal’s No. 3 on Soft Jobs.” I tax Variety with materialism advisedly. The placing of Coolidge no better, than third hardly can be based on an appraisal of native worth, for otherwise how could I explain to myself the fact that I am running a poor sixth in the list? Indeed the weekly is frank in furnishing the estimates upon which the ranking is based. According to Variety, Coolidge receives from the syndicate which hands him $2 a word on a minimum of 150 and a maximum of 200 words. And this means, as I understand it, that over the 200-word mark Calvin Coolidge is strictly on his own, writing for exercise or posterity., but not for pay. And if this information in regard to Coolidge £ business is correct the ex-President has already belied his reputation for native New England shrewdness. Although he has been a columnist less than a month, Calvin Coolidge twice has overshot his stint and ventured into the domain where words and commas come quite free. Once he wrote 203 words and once 212. And this, according to my estimate, amount to S3O worth of gratis literature. n b u Setting Pace TO be sure, the Northampton sage has leaped into the big money class since quitting public life. This may serve to explain the new spirit of largesse. Not always was it thus. A taxi-hnver friend of mine tells me that shortly after the close of Mr. Coolidge's last administration he had the privilege of driving him from the Pennsylvania station to a nearby hotel. The clock registered 35 cents. “And what aid Coolidge give you?” I asked. “Dofi’t be silly,” said the taxidriver, “he gave me 35 cents.” In the columning field, according to Variety, Calvin Coolidge must yield precedence to Arthur Brisbane and Will Rogers. Brisbane is reported as receiving $250,000 a year for his views on passing events, while Will Rogers is set down at $3,000 weekly. And this, of course, takes no account of the cowboy’s activities upon the air, the lecture platform and the screen. In newspaper work as in other lines of activity, one must serve his apprenticeship. Coolidge should understand that. He himself was Governor and Vice-President before he attained the White House. And now he must bide his time before he hopes to draw up on even terms with Will and Arthur. BBS Those Behind BUT if I were Coolidge I should worry Jess about the columnists ahead of me than those immediately behind. A newcomer well might be satisfied at running for show against so many more experienced competitors. But the interesting problem is whether he can hold third place. Immediately behind him gallop

Sez You!

throw every possible safeguard about milk from the time it leaves the udder of the cow to the time it is consumed by the human being. The milk may be somewhat contaminated in the udder, since the udder of the cow may become infected exactly as the human being may become infected. Thereafter, opportunity for contamination lies in the hands of the milker or from unclean milking machines, from imperfectly sterilized milking equipment, and from the hands of every one who handles the cans containing the milk at any time during transportation. It is, of course, of the greatest importance that the milk should be fairly free from bacteria at the start. This is assured by the modern practice of inspection of herds and testing of cattle for tuberculosis and for undulant fever. It is important that the cans or other vessels containing the milk be

HEYWOOD y BROUN

two determined contenders. Upon his back Calvin Coolidge can feel the hot breath of Odd Mclntyre and Walter Winchell. Only a few hundred dollars would serve to make a blanket sufficiently large to cover all three. And as a politician Coolidge is accustomed to strange bedfellows. Calvin Coolidge’s mistake, as I see it, is that temporarily he has foresworn the radio, which can be a large factor in building up the following of a newspaper columnist. Moreover, it has been generally reported that the timbre of his voice is excellent for the air. Nor is he unknown to tne invisible audience. I think I remember having once seen a photograph of the President in an Indian headdress while he was vacationing in the Black Hills. Surely, some friendly Sioux or Crow would gladly volunteer to supplement a talk by Coolidge with a war dance and a few whoops.

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—This is an openi letter to Attorney-General James M. Ogden. “Dear Sir: “I have a! few questions to propound to you. “I am wondering if your utterances at Bloomington have been reported correctly by the newspapers generally? “I am wondering if the conditions of this town which you have not named are as bad as you have stated? “I am wondering how long you knew these conditions were such? “Have you examined Burns’ Annotated Indiana Statutes, 1926, Watson's Revision, Section 2713 to Section 2761, inclusive, which is the so-called Wright bone-dry law, as how to deal exclusively with the question of intoxicating liquors, and have you particularly examined Section 2754? 2754, Prosecuting Attorney, Attorney-General, Duties Assistants, Fees, reads: “ ‘39. Whenever any prosecuting attorney shall be unable or shall neglect or refuse to enforce any of the provisions of this act, or for any reason whatsoever, the provisions of this act shall not be enforced in any county, it shall be the duty of the attorney-general of the state to enforce the same in such county, and, for that purpose, he may appoint as many assistants as he shall see fit, and he or his assistants shall be authorized to

Daily Thought

In the same day also will I punish all those that leap on the threshold, which fill their masters’ houses with violence and deceit. —Zephaniah :9. Don’t let us rejoice in punishment even when the hand of God alone inflicts it. The best of us are but poor wretches, just saved from the shipwreck. Can we feel anything but awe and pity when we see a fellow-passenger swallowed by the waves?—George Eliot. When is rice usually harvested in China? In some parts of China, it is harvested as late as November and December; in other parts during July and August. .

sterilized thoroughly, preferably by steam or by boiling; that the milkers be inspected as to their cleanliness and instructed as to proper procedures; that the milk be examined by a properly certified milk commission if it is to be taken without pasteurization; and above all for safety that it be pasteurized. The highest grade of milk must contain less than 10,000 germs in one one-thousandth of a quart. The average milk after pasteurization may contain as much as 50,000 bacteria in one one-thousandth of a quart. Pasteurized milk is far safer than any other variety. Among the disease particularly carried by milk are tuberculosis, typhoid fever, undulant fever, septic sore throat, scarlet fever, and infantile diarrhea. Because of the importance of milk as a food, state laws safeguard its distribution and consumption. It is the duty of the public to be sure that the laws are obeyed.

Ideals and opinions expressed <n tbis column are those of one of America’s most Interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this oaoer. —The Editor.

And Bascom Slemp might aid by putting on nis famous sleight-of-hand act called “Transforming a Politician Into a Postmaster.” With all seriousness, I warn Calvin Coolidge not to take the competion of Walter Winchell and Odd Mclntyre lightly. The test of a columnist is what he turns out after the fifth year. Up till now Coolidge seems to have been mbving along smoothly enough. As yet his stint shows no sense of strain. But let him not forget that after all there are only ten commandments. What will he comment upon next? Winchell has placed himself under no such handicap. There is, as far as the eye “an reach, no limit whatsoever to blessed events. Even a Broun lumbering along deep in the ruck is not wholly to be despised, for who can tell what shifts may come in the mad gallop down the long home stretch. " (Copyright, 1930. by The Times)

sign, verify and file all such complaints, affidavits, petitions and papers as the prosecuting attorneygeneral is authorized to sign, etc.’ (The balance of this statute can be found as above cited.) “Do you agree with me that it is much better to act than talk? “Do you agree with me that the attorney-general's office of the state of Indiana is an important public trust that should not be treated lightly? “Should the attorney-general’s office be charged with the duty of stopping the mayor and postmaster of this mythical town from attending liquor parties? “LEE WHITEHALL, “Attorney.” Attica, Ind.

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JULY 19, 1930

M. E. Tracy SAYS: In Certain Cases, Lying Is a Matter of Illusionment, Rather Than a Conscious Attempt to Deceive. A SOLDIER has a Cummunlst arrested because, as he claims, the latter tried to get him to desert. Prejudice makes a hero out of the soldier and a scapegoat out of the Communist. It later develops, however, that the Communist not only gave the soldier a lift in his automobile, but a quarter as well, and that all he received for his kindness was a piece of cheap, dirty ingratitude. He is freed by a federal judge after spending four days in jail, but that is not enough to close the incident. Something should be done to remind the soldier that he disgraced his uniform. 808 That Mace Theft AN irate left winger of the British parliament seizes the speaker's mace and attempts to carry it out of the chamber. Such a thing has ne t occurred since Cromwell outlied it a “bauble,” and there is tremendous commotion. Even the laborites are shocked. What would happen to the British empire if someone removed that mace? We Americans, who have no mace to symbolize The stability of our government, can afford to regard the incident as funny. But suppose someone were to seize the original copy of the eighteenth amendment and try to run away with it? BBS Guilty or Innocent? THREE men, convicted of a murder in Buffalo, are executed at Sing SingTwo of them go to the chair proclaiming their innocence. The third, though admitting his own guilt, backs them up. “As I stand before this funnylooking piece of furniture,” he says, while facing the chair in which his two companions just have died and in which he is about to be strapped, “I swear to God they were innocent.” What is one to think under such circumstances? It is commonly supposed that human nature is incapable of lying on the bnnk of eternity especially in threes and more especially still where a man has no excuse except a iesire to help his companions. But, like everything else in life, truth can be made to serve technicality, and conscience can become the victim of warped reasoning. By thinking the thing over long enough, persons can make themselves believe they are innocent of a iwurdet which they helped to plan, because they did not actually inflict the death wound. So, too, they can make themselves believe they are innocent of a crime because they did not intend to commit it, though they engaged in a business which made the crime possible. b an Lie Without Reason IN certain cases, lying is a matter of illusionment, rather than of any conscious attempt to deceive. The mind of man is so constituted as to be easily victimized, not only by popular notions, but by fancies that develop within, and that often are produced artificially. Many persons have confessed to crimes they never committed. In the days of the witchcraft delusion, hundreds, if not thousands, told stories of how they met Satan, “signed the book,” bartered away their souls, and received the loan of evil spirits for a period of five, ten or twenty years. They told these stories, moreover, when they had nothing to gain, when they had been sentenced to death, and actually stood beneath “ the gallows tree.

Questions and Answers

How old is John Masefield, the recently appointed poet laureate of England? He was born in Liverpool, England, in 1875. What is the average life of a dog? It is estimated by various authorities from 7 to 12 years. About 9 years is a fair average. How many capitals has the state of Ohio had? Chillicothe was the first capital, and it was succeeded by Zanesville, which in turn was followed by Columbus, the present capital. How is one to know the correct fork or spoon to use at a formal dinner for each course? Begin with the fork and spoon fartherest from the plate, and use them with the courses as needed.