Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 53, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 July 1930 — Page 6

PAGE 6

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Ogden Must Act Attorney-General Ogaen cah not refuse to name the city of Indiana in which he charges there is uncontrolled crime unde r the protection of public officials. Before the state bar association, of which he is president, he made very definite charges. He declared that in one city, whose identity he refrained from disclosing, slot machines are under the protection of a grafting sheriff. He declared that the chief of police is c drunkard and attends 1-quor parties regularly. He said that there is an alliance between high officials and bootleggers and gamblers. The one question that should be asked is why these officials are in office instead of jail, if the attorney general has evidence of his charges, and he is too conservative and too good a lawyer to make them without evidence. His added statement that conditions are being cleaned up does not meet the occasion. There is but one real answer. Jail for every grafting official named by Mr. Ogden. If MacDonald Is Not Found Editorial In the San Francisco Daily New*. Although the News is offering SSOO for information leading to the discovery of John MacDonald, if he :s alive, his return to California should not be necessary to effect the release from prison of Tom Mooney and Warren K. Billings. It may be necessary, so long as C. C. Young is Governor, because he has based his refusal for pardons on the testimony of that one witness, MacDonald. But Governor Young may change his mind. Or a new Governor may see the fallacy in the argument t’ U the word of a liar is to be believed more at one .me than at another — that MacDonald may have told Me truth in the Mooney and Billings trials and may have lied later when he made an affidavit saying that he lied vzi the witness stand. MacDonald may be dead. He has not been heard from for years. The News and all the twenty-four other Scripps-Howard newspapers are combing the country for him. They hope he will be found, so he may be brought back to testify, as he did when he returned in 1921, that he committed perjury when he told the court that he saw Mooney and Billings at the scene of the Preparedness day parade explosion. That would be the speediest means of releasing these men and erasing the blot on the name of American justice. If he is dead, if he is not found, the blot must be erased anyway. California, America must prove to the world that in this country all men—the poor as well as the rich, the laborer as well as the boss—still are equal before the law. How very thin is Governor Young's excuse for denying the pardons becomes more apparent as his statement and those of tbe supreme court and the board of pardons are studied in the light of information obtained by the News on Wednesday. The excuse is that the Governor suspects MacDonald lied when he made the affidavit saying he lied at the trials — suspects it mainly because, he says, “Billings threw himself open to suspicion through his apparent fear to have MacDonald come before members of the court where the circumstances surrounding his affidavit might be investigated.” In his letter to the supreme court, which is the basis of Governor Young s statement, Billings did not express fear to have MacDonald return. The News has a copy of that letter. The letter is plainly an effort to hasten the court's decision on Billings' application for a pardon. The court had had the case for many months and had not acted. Billings was afraid that if the court held up its decision until MacDonald was found, it never would met. The letter states in so many words that Billings asked the court to confine itself to the records of the case, “solely with the intent to expedite your work." Furthermore, when it was anticipated that the supreme court would ask for MacDonald to appear, m search for him was started by the Mooney-Billings defense committee. The News has a copy of a letter sent by the committee to Frank P. Walsh, New York attorney, asking him to locate MacDonald if possible and send him to San Francisco. That letter was written in May, more than six weeks before the supreme court gave its decision strongly inferring that Billings was afraid to have MacDonald return, more than six weeks before Governor Young made his statement, plainly saying that Billings feared it. Upon such an excuse do a supreme court, a board of pardons and a Governor base a denial of justice to two men who already have served fourteen years In prison for a crime they did not commit. A Southern Statesman The question of whether lynching is justifiable is figuring in the United States senatorial campaign in South Carolina, unbelievable as it may seem. Senator Coleman L. Blease. up for re-election, discussed the subject in a campaign address. "Whenever the Constitution comes between me and the virtue of white women in South Carolina, I say to with the Constitution,” Blease is quoted as saying. When he was Governor, he added, he did not call out the militia to protect Negroes against mobs, and asked that when a suspect was caught that he be not notified until the next morning. It would be difficult to equal such a statement for sheer barbarity and demagogism. It is a deliberate invitation to the people of South Carolina by an acknowledged leader, who boasts that he has held more political offices than any other man in the history of the state, to supersede normal legal processes with lynch law and mob violence. And there has been plenty of that in the south in recent weeks. We can not be', eve that such savagery reflects the views of the people of South Carolina. Asa matter of fact. Bleases opponent in the senatorial race now is engaged in prosecuting seventeen men accused of lynching a Negro, and has asked heavy penalties for them. Obviously men like Blease have no place in the senate or in any other public office. It will be interesting to observe whether the decent people of South Carolina are willing to bear the stigma of having r again represent them.

The Indianapolis Times (A aCBIPPS-HOWARn NEWSPAPER) Owned .nd published d.Uy (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Timen Publishing Cos.. 2H-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price In Marion County. 2 cent* a copy; elsewhere, S cenra-delicered by carrier. 12 cents a week. Korn (.J RLET BOY w. HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor ' President Business Manager 'Thun E -KI ler 1851 FRIDAY. JULY JLJMjL. .. . , r'nit-d Presa Scrlppa-Boward Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Asso“Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Give the Facts Certainly Representative Farrell, who is a member of the committee whicr. has the power to give and the power to take awiv state money, can not refuse to elaborate upon his impetuous statement that his duel capacity of purchaser and vendor of trucks is "sma l potatoes’’ when compared to other illegalities at the statehouse. One day, so it happens, Mr. Farrell sells trucks. The next the budget comm ttee. One day truck salesman Farrell convinces the highway commission of the superiority of his goods. The next day bucket .committeeman approves the purchase of trucks. The i>eople and some lawyers had believed the law looked down upon such a condition. But when exposed, the retort of budget committeeman Farrell is that there are greater inroads on the public funds, and his is petty. Some official, the Governor possibly, and a grand jury preferably, should ask Mr. Farrell for details. He might, in his official capacity, whisper them to the board of accounts. The one thing that Mr Farrell can not do with any satisfaction to either himself or the people is to remain silent. General Neville A great soldier and a gentleman, a kind and likeable man, Major-General V/ C. Neville of the United States marine corps is dead. At 60 years of age he had been commandant-general of the corps for a little more than a year. A carter that began at Annapolis forty-four years ago, when because of his slender build he was known as ‘ the kid,” had been crowned by his appointment to the highest comand in the service. Intermediate steps had been marked by other nicknames. Whispering Buck, because of a voice whose roar, so some privates swore, could be heard the explosion of shells; Follow Me, because of his personal leadership in moments or greatest danger; and always just Buck, because he was the sort who could be called that by officers and men alike. His advance through the grades had been marked also by almost twoscore decorations for valor, won in various corners of the world to which marine service had taken him. The United States marines are justly proud of the career of General Neville. The country shares in that pride. Niagaia Claims Another The fate of the sanguine philosopher who went over Niagara falls in a barrel, to die of suffocation when the back-wash of the cataract imprisoned him for a longer time than his oxygen supply would last, is hardly surprising. This cataract is a dangerous thing to monkey with. You can count on the fingers of one hand the people who have gone over it and lived—three is the exact total, we believer If a man wishes to risk his neck, there doesn’t seem to be any way of stopping him; still it might be that the police or each side of the border could find some way of restraining these impetuous daredevils. The cards are stacked against the venturer at Niagara. If his barrel hits the rocks a good whack, he is done for, no matter how strongly it is built. If it misses, there is a good chance that it will be held behind the falls until the rider is suffocated. There isn’t much chance for victory either way. Let's hope there won’t be any more attempts to carry through this risky, senseless stunt. An American clothier declares that since the Mussolini regime the men of Italy are becoming the best dressed In the world. And considering the duce’s disposition to speechmaking, they’re also the best addressed. Little Bopeep, who so easily lost her sheep, must have had the wool pulled over her eyes. Mount Vesuvius has burst into a state of active eruption. Here’s hoping it'll lava good time.

REASON p y FR landis K

HAVE you noticed how people are dropping off these days from heart trouble? Well, that's notice to you to take your engine to the doctor and have him look it over, for if it’s bad he can give you a routine of diet and exercise that may let you live a long time. n tt Os course, he can't give you anew pump, but he can tell you how to take the load off the old one, so it will do business and last a while. In fact, a well-trained case of heart trouble is the best guarantee of long life. u tt tt We pay little or no attention to our bodies because we get them for nothing, but if we had to pay the Lord for them on the installment plan we would take care of them, seeing that the valves were ground and the carbon removed now and then, as we do with less complicated engines. tt e tt CONGRESS has just authorized the payment of $l5O to a Florida gentleman for some watermelons cur Spanish war soldiers ate in 1898. At this rate we are in luck that we do not have to pay for what Sherman’s army ate on its march ’.o the sea. n a e The City of Chicago stayed in the air longer than the* St. Louis Robin, but the real endurance record is that which the American farmer is making against hard luck. tt B tt The navy department has scrapped twelve submarines in accordance with the terms of the London conference. We’ve never lost one except when we’ve had an accident or a conference. an a TNSTEAD of trying to convince the world that she is the most law-abiding city in the country. Chicago should tell the world that she has 55,000 visitors every day and not one of them ever has been shot. a it n The mo6t novel strike in the world is in Bulgaria where Moslem miners have stopped work because the mine owners refuse to let them quit work five times a day to spend half an hoar taking a bath and worshiping Mahomet. a • These American missionaries who have been chased out of China by the war should not become despondent, for they can find work back home. a a Instead of bending all their energies to protect themselves from each other. France and Italy should consider the much better arrangement between the United States and Canada. n n If we were in Lindbergh's place, we wouldn't contemplate making that trip to South America to advance the interests of aviation; we would just hang around the house and advance % interests of our first bo*. . ——— ~ -

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMls

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Enlargement of U. S. National Museum Will Be Great Boon to Science. PASSAGE by congress of the Smoot-Elliott bill, authorizing an appropriation of $6,500,000 for the enlargement of the United States national museum, is the best news the scientific world has heard in a long time. It means not only an enlarge- ! ment of the museum itself, but a vast enlargement of the sphere of activity and usefulness of the Smithsonian institution, which administers the museum. It means that Washington is coming nto its own as the scientific as i well as the political capital of the United States. At present, more than a million visitors troop through the halls of the United States national museum to see the scientific exhibits on display there. The new museum buildings will make it possible to put larger and finer exhibits on display. But the chief value of scientific collections is not their exhibition value. Only a small part of any given collection is ever on display. Their chief worth is as research material in the hands of scientists. The Smithsonian institute has a staff of ninety scientists, all of them known throughout the world. These men are constantly at work upon collections of the museum. nun Smithson IT was almost a century ago that an Englishman, James Smithson, offered the congress of the then youthful United States an endowment for the establishment of an institution at Washington “for increase and diffusion of knowledge.” For ten years congress debated what to do with the endowment and finally organized the Smithsonian Institution, with a charter which dodged any statement of what the chief activity of the institution was to be. The charter did order the institution to erect a building for the reception and exhibition of “all objects of art and of foreign and curious research.” The building was also to house objects of natural history belonging to the United States. Thus the Smithsonian Institution was forced into the business of adminis;ering museums. Fut Joseph Henry and Spencer F. Baird, the first secretary and assistant secretary, respectively, of the Smithsonian, possessed a wider vision. They embarked the Smithsonian upon a career of scientific research and made the museum serve its rightful purpose as a great research center as well as a show place. Henry and Baird systematized the collecting of plans, minerals, animals and ethnological materials. But instead of burying these materials on museum shelves they called in the world’s greatest scientists to study them. Congress was slow to come to the aid of the Smithsonian at first and the institution had a hard struggle with meager funds. It was not until 1870 that congress made an appropriation for the museum. The present museum building was built in 1907. a a tt Mud JAMES SMITHSON, who endowed the Smithsonian Institution, died in 1829. But in his outlook upon scientific research he belonged in the year 1930. “No ignorance is without loss to man, no error without evil,” he gave as one of his reasons for endowing the institution. A sample of the activities of the Smithsonian in recent years will prove the worth of his contention. Among the collections of the museum is one of sea-bottom muds. Thousands of samples are on hand. Twenty-five years ago, Joseph Cushman, a specialist at the museum, receiving incidentally a government compensation of S6OO a year at the time, described and named the microscopic shells of animals called foraminifera, which these muds contained. No doubt many business men w’ould have smiled at the work, had they known about Cushman studying the shells of microscopic animals in sea- bottom muds. Ten years ago, oil companies discovered that fossil shells of these same foraminifera occurred in rock layers in the oil fields and that they could be used as a means of finding oil provided that any one was able to identify the foraminifera. Cushman’s publications contained the very information that the oil companies vanted. They became worth millions of dollars to the oil industry for they were the means of locating millions of dollars worth of oil. The sea-bottom muds proved Smithson's statement.

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ROBERT BRUCE’S BIRTH July 11 ON July 11, 1274, Robert Bruce, liberator of Scotland and king of the country for twenty-three years, was born in Scotland. A competitor for the throne, Bruce played politics with both English and Scotch. First he swore fealty to Edward 1, and then abandoned him to join the Scottish leaders in arms for the independence of their country. On making up with the English monarch again, Eruce who made one of the four regents who ruled the kingdom. He stabbed to death his chief rival, John Comyn, in a quarrel in 1306, after which he hastened to a castle, assembled his vassals and proclaimed his right to the throne. That same year he was crowned at Scone. This was the signal for the English to act against him. When a large army invaded Scotland, Bruce fled to Ireland, only to return to meet them. On June 24, 1314, Bruce led the Scottish forces ir> the memorable battle of Bannonckbum. Commanding but 30,000 men, the Scotch routed an English force of more than 100,000 to win the battle and independence for Scotland. After this, Bruce’s right to the crown was acknowledged.

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Doctors Study Diet to Halt Disease

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hyeela, the Health Magazine. IN the section on medicine at the recent meeting of the American Medical Association in Detroit, special attention was given to the manner in which the diet is used for prevention and control of human disease. It was concerned with the increasing importance of the vitamins and the application of our newer knowledge of nutrition to the expectant mother and the growing child, which may benefit the evolution of the race. On the other hand, intemperate diets and abstinence from necessary foods for the prevention of obesity may result in serious conditions and affect longevity. Dietary cultists preach all sorts of strange notions without any basis in scientific fact. Tests have been developed whereby it is possible to tell well in advance whether or not a woman is going to bear a child. Such tests concern an examination of the blood, of the excretions, and of the

IT SEEMS TO ME

CALIFORNIA is in grave danger i of earning membership in the association of backward states and of joining Massachusetts and the other communities where a special interpretation is placed upon the law when radicals are tried. The decision of the California supreme court in ieviewing the case of Mooney and Billings is among the most extraordinary documents ever handed down from an American bench. The court does not say in so many words that these men are guilty. It merely affirms that they had a fair trial. And this in spite of the fact that it is admitted that much of the prosecution's case rested upon perjured testimony. Both judge and jury who sat at the original trial have changed their minds since the decision was reached and sentenced imposed. They were there and the supreme court was not. which really makes a difference. Judges must learn to taxe into account the spirit ox a trial as well as its technicalities. The observance of all outward proprieties is not enough to constitute an impartial trial. The temper of the community, the prejudice and pressure which came from the outside should be within the province of a higher court’s review. Indeed, Justice Holmes took just such factors into account in his famous dissent in the Frank case. b b b Fruit of Hatred . THERE can be no question that Mooney and Billings were not in the good graces of conservative 'California when they stood trial for their lives.

Questions and Answers

Were Negro slaves taxed as a personal property in the United States? In some of the colonies, prior to the formation of the union, Negro slaves were taxed as property. There was also an import duty on slaves brought from Africa. The constitutional convent on put a limitation of the tax on slaves im- j ported up to 1808, of a maximum : of $lO for each one. Each state had its own slave code, and laws differed. In 1705, it was enacted in \ Virginia that a slave might be in- | ventoried as real estate. This law : held until 1801. When did Dwight F. Davis assume office of governor-general of the ; Philippine islands? July 8, 1929. Where is the city of Maracaibo? It is in Venezuela, South America, capital of the state of Zulia, on the west shore of the strait connecting Lake Maracaibo with the sea. It is the principal seaport of Venezuela, has a deep harbor and many fine buildings. When was the prohibition law for Alaska enacted? Did inhabitants of the territoxv vote on the question? The law prohibiting manufacture and sale oi alcoholic beverages in

Sailor Beware!

eye after certain chemicals have been used for the purpose. A demonstration again was made of the manner in which infants permitted to choose their own food selected all sorts of unusual food substances and ate them in considerable quantities without harm, proving that there is a wide margin between safety and lack of safety in infant feeding. Such methods are not offered as routine methods, but merely as experimental methods in the study of diseases of childhood. . Anew method of producing fever by means of electric currents and the effects of this method on patients with general paralysis were discussed. This method secures approximately the same results as have been secured by injection of malarial organisms to produce fever and by other methods used for the purpose. It was printed out in the section on preventive medicine that morbidity and morality statistics indicate that workers exposed to dust have excessive rates for diseases of the lungs.

Admittedly they were rebels against the existing order and agitators of a violent type. California was anxious for a conviction. It didn’t really matter whether or not they had bombed the Preparedness parade. It always has been difficult to obtain fair trials for rebels or agitators in time of stress. Communities are prone to punish minority leaders for what they might do rather than what they did. In California the jury and the trial judge are willing to admit that in the heat of passion they were deceived by false evidence. At the end of thirteen years they are eager to make such poor atonement as can be made through the medium of an immediate pardon. By now their heat has cooled and they see with a clearer and a saner eye. It is the supreme court of California which behaves as if the war still were with us, and all opponents of preparedness properly suspects. For, upon analysis, the decision rests upon the surprising statement that even if he didn’t plant the bomb it must have been done by some person or persons of the same general stripe. Indeed, the court complains that if he were not actually guilty he might at least have some information or suspicion as to the perpetrators of the outrage. tt tt a He’ll Do IN fact, the essence of the decision may be boiled down to an opinion that somebody must be punished for the crime, and that Billings will do until the actual culprit can be found. I wonder if the judges realize how much they have done to bring our legal institutions into disrepute. The

Alaska was enacted by the Sixtyfourth congress and went into effect Jan 1, 1918. The voters of Alaska were given an opportunity j to express their sentiments on the I question of territorial prohibition in j the November election of 1916, and a large majority voted for it. Can an ordinary four-tube battery radio set be used in automobiles? For the reception of local stations the set w’ould operate satisfactorily. For distant reception a highly sensitive screen grid receiver is necessary on account of the limited antenna possible to use. Approximately forty feet of insulated wire strung back and forth across the top of the car, inside, can be used for the antenna. The ground post of the set is connected with the frame of the car. Separate batteries are best for the auto radio. Is there a white blackberry? There is a variety of fruit known by that name. What countries compose the United Kingdom? England, Scotland, Wales, northern Ireland, Isle of Alan and Channel islaudfr i

Masks used by workers infrequently give a false sense of protection. The removal or prevention of dust floating in the air is preferable to controlling the condition by other methods. It is an interesting factor that much discussion of the session was centered around the economic problem of providing the best type of medical care to all people of the country at a price within their means. This, of course, is a difficult problem, because of the tremendous advances made in medical science in the last twenty-five years. The newer technical discoveries represent an increase particularly of apparatus, of books, and of knowledge for the physician and in many Instances the costs, which are neavy, are passed on to the patient. Fortunately the medical profession has these problems in mind and is doing everything possible through its own organization to develop a proper means of handling the situation.

Meals and opinions expressed l,- this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this oaoer.—The Editor.

supreme court of California has betrayed the entire spirit of justice. It has advanced the rank heresy upon which lynching flourishes. Leaders of mobs often realize after the event, that they may have made a mistake as to the individual in dealing out summary execution and their excuse has always been, “Well, maybe we didn’t get the right man, but at leasf we got a bad one.” And this is the doctrine to which the supreme court of California gives approval by its decision. Moreover, one other pertinent question remains to be asked. Bad for whom? In consigning California to the low estate of Massachusetts and Alabama, it is well not to lose sight of the fact that the judicial processes of New York also are under a cloud. No intelligent person can reasonably contend that the sentences imposed upon Minor and Foster, Communists, are in line with the punishments usually meted out to those who try to parade when the police say “no.” I have said one certain true thing in the past and as far as I can see It is necessary to keep on repeating it. I do not want to see the Communist party in America grow in numbers and power. It is not numerous now and it is not powerful. Its leadership is not intelligent, but it is receiving valuable aid from fatheaded American conservatives. The only immediate hope of American Communists lies in receiving cruel, unfair and unusual penalties at the hands of the courts. (Copyright. 1930. bv The Times)

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.JULY 11, 1930

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

In Spite of All the Adding Machines and 100-Ton Cranes, We Still Are the Creatures of Desire, Imagination and Appetite. TF a house needs to be planned. ■* why not a city? If a city, why not a country? And if a country, why not civilization itself? At any rate, that Is the way Bruce Bliven, editor of the New Republic, sees it. In international board of governors foi the management of birth control, economic organizations, migratory movements, and educational projects is his idea of humanity’s next move. It Is an absolutely logical idea, if one leaves out the whims and caprices of human natures. As rational beings, we ought to deal with problems according to their importance, ought to be guided by what is best for the greatest number, and not be sidetracked by trviallties. tt tt tt Sense of Values Lost BUT the senate of the United Spates prefers to put on a fishing party for some letters and cablegrams instead of discussing the naval treaty which it was called to consider, and 68,000 arrests were made in this country by dry agents last year, while half the murderers escaped. One likes to think that human destiny, especially in the form of governments and civilized progress, hinges on a reliable sense of values. That men do not start revolution, overturn empires, or change their social and religious systems except when there is something of great moment at stake. But would the World war have broken out when it did if an Austrian nobleman and his wife had not been shot by a Serbian student? tt tt * Creatures of Appetite DURING the last few weeks. Spain has been the scene of widespread rioting and violence. No doubt the workers had good cause to be Irritated, particularly against the police. No doubt there were important questions at issue. Eut the immediate excuse was the alleged death of a woman who went down before the charge of a riot squad in Seville. It now turns out that this woman was not injured seriously, much less killed, but fainted and was carried home, where she gave birth to a child. The emotional complex still plays a mighty part, whether in the shack near a railroad yard, or in the Kremlin. In sute of all the adding machines and 100-ton cranes, we still are creatures of desire, appetite and imagination. Even the best of us don’t know why we do oome things, or what will be the effect. How many people are doing at 50 what they expected to be doing when 20? Running things according to plan is an ideal way, but who is able to map out his own life for more than a year or two? In this age, when human ingenuity is upsetting time-honored habits, customs and convictions, who can foresee his own immediate future, much less that of a nation? tt tt tt It's a Dream FOR the moment, It seems as though religion had lost Its hold, that home life had passed out of the picture, that free love and world peace were just around the corner, that motion and speed had become the big factors in existence, that science had solved most of the problems which bothered men, and that our immediate task was to chart the course of civilization. The dream is intriguing until one remembers what a man like Gandhi can do, or a man like Lenin, or a man like Mussolini. Originality, as expressed in architecture, engineering, and machinery, appears orderly and scientific. But the same thing hardly can be said for it in the form of new cults, faiths, and fads. n tt Men Still Trust MEN still have ears for a voice that cries in the wilderness, and passionate trust in what they think they hear. The tomb in Moscow’s Red square is just another shrine, and the belief that the clock can be set back a thousand years causes India’s soul to tingle with patriotism. Human existence, whether considered from a personal or collective standpoint, still is a compromise between impulse and intelligence, between what we feel and what we know, between that which is planned deliberately and that which is done, heaven knows why.