Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 45, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 July 1930 — Page 4

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Decide Th : s Case Now comes the announcement that the supreme court of Indiana will take a vacation until fall. Vacations are presumably taken by those who have become exhausted by work and such close attention to routine as to have lost zest in life and enthusiasm for their labors. The clogged condition of the docket in the highest court suggests that the usual reasons for vacations for public officials may be missing and that vacations for this branch of government may be more a matter of custom than of necessity. There are a very large number of cases still undecided in which the speedy justice, guaranteed by tne Constitution, is denied or at least subject to an unusual interpretation of the world speed. There is no power to force the supreme court to decide any case. The judges are beyond impeachment and beyond control of any other branch of the government. The only recourse for the people, if they become disgusted with delays by courts, is the slow process of replacing judges at elections with others who may possibly be better able to arrive at decisions of law. There is one case on that docket in which delay, even for the months of vacation which the judges may decide they need, can only bring all courts and all law into disrepute. That is the case of one D. C. Stephenson, now serving a life sentence for murder. Because of the vast power he once exercised over the government of this state, his control of a legislature and his influence with high officials, the exposure of his close contacts with those who held public office, a decision in his case is imperative. His appeal was filed nearly four years ago. The last pleading was filed in the case on Jan. 28, 1928. The oral argument before the court was on April 30, 1928. Rumors with great definiteness are circulated that the decision in this case has been written for months ; but not returned. The judges, of course, can not be held accountable for such rumors. But they can very easily stop all conjecture as to reasons for delay by announcing that they will postpone vacations until that one case is decided. Every citizen is entitled to a speedy decision in appeals, especially when he is in prison. If it should so happen that the courts finally decide that such citizens are illegally held, the state can not return to prisoners the time they have served without warrant of law. If legally held, of course, the prisoner loses nothing. A decision in the Stephenson case would end the gossip and rumor as to reasons for delay. It may be that the judges have found such intricate questions of law as to be unable to reach a conclusion. It may be that they have discovered such finely balanced matters of evidence as to make it difficult for them to decide. But public interest, directed definitely to the preservation of confidence in courts and a general trust that the highest court is only influenced by considerations of exact justice, does demand that some decision be made. Instead of a vacation for the high court, why not a three months’ exclusive study of the case of Stephenson, if it takes that long for the judges to make up their minds as to the legality of his life sentence?

A State Reconsiders The state of Washington is a pioneer dry state. It has had five years more of the prohibition experiment than most of the country. Asa result of that long experience, both major political parties have decided that prohibition is a failure and must be modified or repealed. The Republican state convention last month put the following plank in its platform: “It has become apparent that, in spite of tremendous and costly efforts, strict enforcement of those < prohibition) laws is uneconomic and impossible." Therefore the convention demanded “such modification of the present laws on intoxicating liquor as will provide a lawful use of such liquor, to the end that the traffic in liquor may be controlled properly and its use regulated by a law that can be universally respected and enforced.” Now the Democratic state convention has declared: “In order to rid the country of the evils of organized crime and general disrespect for law which have followed federal assumption of police powers of the states, we favor repeal of the eighteenth amendment and return to the states of the exclusive control of all prohibition laws inside the boundaries of each state. . . . “Pending the repeal of the eighteenth amendment, we favor repeal of the Volstead law. the Jones flve-and-ten law and legislation by congress providing that the federal prohibition agents shall be limited in their duties to prevent the interstate commerce of intoxicating liquors, and that persons accused of violating any prohibition laws, federal or state, be tried solely in the state courts of the county where the offense occurred.” We Must Keep Our Tempers One of the unfair things about this modem world is that while it constantly is devising new ways to make a man lose his temper, it also is putting him under an ever-increasing compulsion of keeping control of himself. Dr. W. J. Mayo of Rochester. Minn., in a recent speech before the American Medical Association at Detroit, suggests that one reason for the prevalence of heart disease today may be the stem control over the emotions made necessary by conditions of modem life. Asa case in point. Dr. Mayo remarks that many urgeoas die of heart disease. The surgeon, he points

The Indianapolis Times (A gCRIPFS-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indlanapolli Time* Publishing Cos, 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price In Marion County, 2 cert* a copy: elaewhere, 3 cent*—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. UOYD GURLEt” BOX W. HOWARD, FRANK O. MORRISON, Editor President Business Manager " PHONE— Riley 6531 WEDNESDAY. JULY 3. JMOj — Member of United Preaa, Scrippa-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. ' ♦'Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

out, practices a profession in which ironclad control of the emotions is absolutely necessary. This, in turn, puts an extra strain on the heart—and the strain finally exacts a penalty. The surgeon, however, isn’t the only unlucky one. Probably every one of us has to exercise more selfrestraint, in the ordinary round of daily living, than our grandfathers had to exercise. There are more things to bother us, and we have more reasons for repressk n. Consider the things that can arise in the course of a day to Jar a man’s temper—the little things only, not counting major catastrophes. A man gets out of bed and steps into the shower. Just as a nicely modulated spray is coursing down his back someone downstairs turns on the cold water, and the bather gets half-scalded, without warning. He quits his shower and goes to shave. There he discovers that his razor blade is dull and that he has no other, so he must painfully scrape his face with a dull blade. This job finished, he goes to dress. A shoestring breaks, a collar button rolls under the dresser, or he discovers, too late, that a button is missing from the sleeve of his shirt. Then, after breakfast, he starts out for work. He has to run to catch his street car, and when he gets to his comer, after a tough sprint, the motorman fails to see him and the car doesn’t stop. Finally he gets to his office. It is too hot, he turns on an electric fan; the fan sweeps all the papers on his desk off on to the floor. He goes out for lunch at noon, stands in a hot crowd for ten minutes before he can get a seat and then gets a plate of liver and onions, which he abhors, instead of the egg salad which he ordered. He goes back to work, and—but why carry his misadventures any farther? It is obvious, surely, that life can be full of a million petty annoyances, and it is a rare day that doesn’t bring at least three or four of them in a bunch. Now all of this wouldn’t be so bad if we could get some outlet for our irritation. But we can’t. Swearing is considered bad form, and there are usually women around, anyhow. One can’t stamp one’s foot in wrath, as a child does, nor can one throw things or paw the air in energetic anger. There is nothing to do but grin and bear it—and some days that is pretty hard to do. Dr. Mayo must be right. Keeping our tempers is bad for us. But we have to do it.

The Penalty For Overwork No man can burn the candle at both ends for very long without suffering for it. The business man ought to conserve his own energy as carefully as he conserves mechanical energy in his factory. A tragic and instructive case in point is the recent suicide of Leroy A. Manchester, chief counsel for the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, who killed himself while the lawsuit over the company’s merger with Betlilehem Steel was being heard in court. Newton D. Baker, also retained in the case, remarked when h<! heard of it: “It 'vas a pure case of overwork. Manchester was worked to a frazzle.” There is no more costly road open to any man than the road which requires him to maintain a faster pace than his body will stand. Sooner or later something is bound to break. You can’t overwork without paying the penalty—and sometimes the penalty is terribly high. \ Hollywood Snoopers Almost any time we expect to hear that Hollywood movie stars have pledged themselves to investigate the morals of ministers before attending church services. The Hollywood ministers have pledged themselves to scrutinize the morals of the movie colony and warn their flocks not to look at pictures of those found unworthy. It will be surprising if the movement does not extend farther. Doubtless someone will suggest it would be a good idea to investigate the morals of congressmen before we decide whether to obey the laws they make. Perhaps we should stop at the threshold of every store and demand a certificate that the proprietor leads a proper life before we enter and buy merchandise. Perhaps we should refuse to open the covers of a book until we have been assured that the man or woman who wrote it never had a sip of anything stronger than tea. Perhaps, but we aren’t going to. We know better.

REASON By

INTERNATIONAL affection is a very frail flower. Os all nations now venting their indignation over our new tariff law, the most vehement is Cuba, many of her leading citizens and her leading newspapers declaring that all frienship between Cuba and the United States is at an end. a a a When you recall that we lifted Spain from Cuba’s neck, fed her when she was starving, gave her the first bath she'd had in 500 years, drove out her yellow fever, presented her with independence when any other nation would have gobbled her up, and then agreed to protect her forever, the Cubans would seem rather impulsive to forget all this just because they don’t like one tariff law. a a a THIS last week was a great one for Dixie, with Admiral Byrd of Virginia standing the country on its head on his return, with Bobby Jones of Georgia coming back from England with all of John Bull's golf trophies and with Stribling of Georgia knocking Von Porat cold in the first round. a a a The most futile thing in this world is an elaborate tomb; it’s a total loss, except what labor gets out of it. Harding's sepulcher at Marion, 0., cost SBOO,OOO and how much better it would have been to put him away simply like Washington and give the rest of the money to the poor. a a a If the women only had elevated our politics as much as they have elevated barber shop conversation, what an ideal state of affairs we would have! a a a WE are glad that President Hoover has asked his law enforcement commission to investigate the effects of prohibition on the working classes, for this is the milk in the cocoanut, not how it affects the high flyers. a a a Federal authorities think Eugene Goslin must be insane because he again has returned to the United States after being deported for the eleventh time, but we should say it proves that he's a level-headed man. a a a Edward J. Vaudreuil of Los Angeles claims to have invented a wonderful pea-shelijng machine, but the greatest pea-sheller in this country is the political machine a a a There's a religious sect in Rumania that lies on the floor and shakes, but it isn t in it with King Carol who has shaken two wises and Madame Lupeacu. n ‘ ~ - . _

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

SCIENCE -BY DAVID DIETZ—-

Famous Experiment on Which Einstein Theory Is Based Will Be Repeated. PROFESSOR ALBERT A. MICHELSON, the “high priest of light.’’ now at Mt. Wilson observatory in California to make anew determination of the speed of light, plans to repeat the famous experiment upon which the Einstein theory cf relativity is based. This experiment, known in scientific literature as the MichelsonMorley experiment, has been the center of considerable scientific discussion as the result of the long series of painstaking tests by Professor Dayton C. Miller of Case School of Applied Science of Cleveland. In 1887, Dr. Michelson, then professor of physics at Case, undertook an experiment in collaboration with Dr. Edward W. Morley, then professor of chemistry at Western Reserve university. It was an attempt to measure the speed of the earth through the ether of space. The apparatus, a variation of a device invented some years before by Michelson, became known as the Michelson-Morley interferometer. It consisted of a great steel cross floated on a pool of mercury so as to rotate in a horizontal plane. The arms of the cross were twelve feet long. A system of mirrors mounted on them split a geam of light into two and reflected one-half back and fourth along each arm of the cross.

Speed PURPOSE of the experiment is to compare the speeds of the two halves of the beam of light. The underlying theory is as follows: Light waves are traveling on the ether of space. The earth is moving through the ether. Therefore the measurements of light in different directions ought to come out differently because of the distortions introduced by the movement of the earth. Such measurements, however, are not so easily made. For one thing, no method is known for measuring the speed of lijht in one direction. Measurements can be made only by reflecting light to a mirror and back again. For another, the speed of light is approximately 186,000 miles a second and so any difference within a measurable distance will be extremely small. In the interferometer, the two halves of the beam of light are reunited in an eyepiece where they form a pattern of light and dark fringes known as an interference pattern. Now let us suppose that the interferometer has been set so that one arm is in the direction of the earth’s movement through the ether. The other is then at right angles to it. The half of the beam of light going across this arm ought then to be slower than the other half. This is understood more easily by thinking of the earth as standing still and the ether drifting by it. The one half of the beam then is like a boat which goes down a stream with the current and back against it. The other half is like a boat going from one shore to the other and back. The second boat has to fight the current both ways and so is slowed up more than the first boat which merely loses on the return trip what it gained on the down trip.

Fringes IN the actual experiment, the interferometer is rotated. This means that the positions of the arms with reference to the drift of theh ether are changing continually. This change should manifest itself in a continuous back and forth shifting of the interference fringes in the eyepiece of the interferoir.c ter. The ether-drift or more exactly, the amount of motion of the earth through the ether, can be calculated from the amount of the shift of the fringes. The scientific world interpreted the experiment in 1887 as showing no ether-drift, a surprising and unexpected result which led to the formulation of Einstein’s theory of relativity. Einstein’s theory holds that it is not possible to measure fundamental motion such as the experiment sought to measure. He holds that it is possible only to measure the relative motion between objects, as for example, between an auto and the street over whi'-h it is traveling, or between the earth and the sun. Einstein’s theory holds also that the speed of light always is a constant, irrespective of the motion of the observer. But Dr. Miller, who succeeded Dr. Michelson as professor of physics at Case has been carrying on experiments with the interferometer since 1906. He insists that a wrong interpretation was placed on the 1887 experiment. He insists that he has obtained positive proof of an ether-drift, that is, of an absolute motion of the earth through space. It will be interesting, therefore, to ssee what conclusion Dr. Michelson reaches.

* Wef/Doydu B VCnowWiirffible? 1 FIVE QUESTIONS A DAV K ON FAMILIAR PASSAGES

1. What general won a great victory by reducing his army from 32,000 to 300? 2. What was the year of jubilee? 3. What is the origin of the term “potter's field’’? 4. Finish the sentence: “A little that a righteous man hath ...” 5. Who w r rote a psalm to celebrate the Israelite’s crossing of the Red sea? Answers to Yesterday’s Querries 1. “There the weary be at rest.” Job 3:17. 2. Thirteen years; 1 Kings 7:1. 3. He threw them back at the chief priests and elders who used them to buy a burying field for strangers; Matthew 27:3-10. 4. To the crackling of thorns under a pot. Ecclesiastes 7:6. 5. John the Baptist; John 5:35. DAILY THOUGHT God shall judge the righteous and the wicked.—Ecclesiastes 3:17. Judging is balancing an account, and determining on which side the odds lie.—Locke.

We Proceed to Celebrate Our Independence

" —YEH-WE'PE ___ ~ SOME*** 6 * BUT IT'S AS At NST* I A those things- i L\ T CAN GIVE YOoSOME j:rr^r ~ 1 _SODA CRACKER ■j. , "" " HEY-SET WAT T~ “ if" } '' iL ■ \ ‘ jtfr i?y \ PAPA-TEU. ME nr" T I — —4. AGAIN WRATWE.WEI?E MT i CELEBRATING TODAY* nrn

Triplets Occur Once in 7,000 Births

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. TRIPLETS are so rare an occurrence that whenever they happen it is news; quadruplets are even more rare, and quintuplets amount to a sensation. In a record of 50,000,000 births, twins occurred once in 87; triplets once in 7,103 and quadruplets once in 757,000 cases. In another series recorded in Germany based on 13,000,000 births,

IT SEEMS TO ME "™ OD

ONLY a few days ago I welcomed Calvin Coolidge into the Amalgamated Order of American Newspaper Columnists. Unfortunately, I had not acquainted myself with the precise details of the stint the former President is to do. Now I see by the advertisements that he is to “write a daily message of from 150 to 200 words.” That’s not a column by any stretch of the imagination It’s just a box In that space, Calvin Coolidge can’t crowd in much more than one smart paragraph and a short poem. Os course I am aware that the new journalist already has completed the job of doing the history of the United States in a hundred words. It may be his contention that he can say just as much in his present limited venture as the rest of us who try to string the stuff out so it will reach the bottom of the page or thereabouts. But if this columnar cub is such a genius at brevity I think it’s a mistake to advertise him as writing from “100 to 200” words. It’s none of my business, of course, but newspaper men are ever constantly curious about what the other fellow is getting. If the pay is just the same I doubt whether very many 200-word columns will come from the pen of Calvin Coolidge. u tt They're Puzziing HE can’t afford to be extravagant. Quite possibly he rates somethink like $3 a word. Who can blame him if he refuses to let $l5O go bang and buckety by extending himself to the full length mentioned in his contract. Os course, these by the word agreements always have been puzzling to me. Not that I ever had one, but the arrangement lacks logic in my estimation.

-TCOAkf iMTjHG- 1

LEE’S RESOLUTION July 2

ON July 2, 1776, the Continental congress adopted the resolution of Richard Henry Lee of Virginia declaring the United States free and independent. Lee introduced his measure on June 2, 1776, and supported it by a speech of the most brilliant eloquence. He moved, in part, that “these united colonies are and of right ought to be free and independent states, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all-political connection between, them and the state of Great. Britain is and ought to be totally dissolved.” This resolution, which, of course, was the Declaration of Independence, was not only passed July 2, but also signed on that day. The custom of celebrating the Fourth of July in commemoration of, this occasion, therefore is historically • incorrect. John Adams prophesied wrongly when he wrote his wife, “The second day of July, 1776, will be the most memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival.” Another fact not generally known in connection with the signing of the Declaration is that John Hancock and Charles Thomson, president and secretary respectively of the Continental congress, were the only men to sign the real Declaration. Other signers affixed their signatures to a copy of the original document , . , ri _ i( „

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

twins occurred once in 89 cases; triplets once in 7,910, and quadruplets once in 371,125. The incidence of quadruplets in this series is about twice that of any other series compiled. In a recent study of the incidence of mutiple human births, Professor W. W. Greulich obtained figures relative to 120,000,000 from twentyone different countries. An analysis of the situation indicates that the percentage of multiple births varies in different countries. The percentage of twins ranges

So much depends upon the word. Even a genius doesn’t deserve $3 for an “a’’ or a “the” and, personally, I wouldn’t give a nickel for anybody’s “arresting” or “intriguing.” Then there’s the problem of the asterisk and the dash. Suppose Mr. Coolidge writes: “Not on your life, begorra,” said the second Irishman, whose name was Pat. “I’ll see you in first. I’m if I do.” I want to know will he get $6 for two s. The asterisk temptation is even more apparent. Consider, for instance, the following extract from a possible Calvinian column: “Let’s not argue any more about morality,” said Juduh, “we’re both compromised already. There’s no turning back now. Isn’t it enough that we love each other?” “ When Harold awakened the sun was streaming through the bedroom window.” And that makes exactly sls for

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—Apparently as a stimulus for mental gymnastics, one prominent cartoonist frequently amuses his readers with conflicting proverbs. Thus he shows that life is not lived by rule of thumb. And, judging from headlines that recently have flared forth on front pages of daily newspapers, business is just as prone to ignore its fundamental law of supply and demand to find a more profitable proverb. Asa case in point, the bakers just have decided that, because wheat and rye are plentiful and the cost the lowest since the war, the selling price of bread will not come down. At least, that’s the story the headlines tell. A simple analysis of the recent drop in wheat and other grains, as it affects the baking industry (did I hear someone say trust?) indicates that the main raw product, wheat, is selling for two-thirds the price of a year ago; the cost of labor is no higher, if not less, and overhead expense certainly remains fixed. And yet the price of wheat follows the lead of overhead? Is it not reasonable to ask who is pocketing the 31% cents a bushel, which represents the fall in wheat price during the last year? Are the bakers going to pay increased wages vo their employes? Are they going co give us a finer finished product —a more palatable loaf? Or may we expect to see the newspapers and magazines carrying more ads to increase sales—and the size of their bankrolls? Truly, the bakers must be setting their prices on the assumption that Barnum’s philosophy on humankind is the best known barometer for price fixing, and that the urge to merge has rendered the Sherman anti-trust law as antiquated as that old proverb, “live and let live.” C. H. SHUMARD. 510 Meridian Life building. Who invented the first automatic train stop for railroad trains? The first one tried on a steam railroad was the invention of a man named Vogt, general superintendent jo f motive power of the Pennsylvania | railroad. It was installed on the main line near Altoona, Pa. in 1887. [ The device was not practical. After ! that many inventions were tried, and during the investigation of the block signal and train control board, j 1913-1916, more than 1,483 patents ! connected with train stops were examined. What is the derivation of Genoa? It xs from the Latin “genua.” Italy is shaped like a leg, and Genoa is situated at the knee, and the name probably derived from the Latin “genu,” meaning knee.

from 1.59 per cent in Denmark to 4.0 in Colombia, and the triplets from .0185 m Denmark to .004 in Greece. In these records of over 120,000,000 cases, twins occurred once in 85.2 cases; triplets once in 7,628.7, and quadruplets once in 670,734 cases. Those countries having the largest percentage of twins also had the largest percentage of triplets. There are numerous theories as to the reason for multiple births, most of them having to do with the conception that this tendency is inherited.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those ol one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

which is a good price whether your essay is entitled “exwife” or “ex-President.” a tt a "It’s” at $6 I DON’T want to seem too captious about the question of Mr. Coolidge’s daily stipend. After all he is not going to be paid in my money, but I think it’s just as well to have all these things settled in Advance. That prevents ugly disputes arising later. What do the lawyers for both sides say? Does "it’s” get you $3 or $6? There is also the question of the hyphen. Is ex-Governor a $6 shot or not? There is the even more puzzling problem of how to pay oft on something like this: “Rastus wasn’t paying strict attention and the hammer came down kerplunk upon his finger: 1 ! —1” howled the unfortunate Negro. What are you going to do about that? And if I were auditing the account I’m blamed if I would pay double for “chow-chow.” Particularly if it were served in “Sing Sing” and accompanied by “sensen.” His reputation is that of a plain speaker, and now he is out to demonstrate that while silence may be golden, a short, jerky style is pure platinum. Think of being a columnist and getting $3 a word. I’ll tell the cockeyed world that Calvin Coolidge is sitting pretty, for, by a happy coincidence, the favorite word of every columnist can be done with just one dab of the forefinger upon the .ypewriter. It’s all in the game. I'm glad to hear that Calvin Coolidge has landed a regular and a well-paying job, out let me warn him about one thing to avoid any possibility of recrimination. The morning he starts his piece: “I see my fellow-columnist, Heywood Broun, says that I can not ‘crowd in much more than one paragraph and a short poem,’” I shall begin doing a little figuring on my own account. “The very next day Mr. Coolidge will receive a bill for $33.38. It will be itemized, “Eleven words from my column, but at your rate—s3. Use of the name Hey wood Broun.” (Copvrieht. 1930, by The Times)

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.JULY 2,193 ft

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

More Than Half of the World Is Uncivilized, According to the Standards of America and Europe. THE march of events is & continuous problem play. Nothing reveals this so vividly as the news. Thrilling as our achievements may be. they still are small by comparison with the questions left unanswered. Few of the stories we read are complete, few of the incidents can be isolated from the general snarl, few of the conclusions will stand for any length of time. A Chinaman doomed to death in New Mexico is given t*"s chance to have his sentence commuted to life imprisonment if he will allow himself to be inoculated with the dread trachoma germ, but refuses. What would you have done in his place? Science needs a human victim on which to experiment, and it i- by no means certain that the experiment would prove fatal or bring on incurable blindness. In any event, society would benefit, but what does a man doomed to death owe society? o a a Kaiser Wants Trial THE former kaiser would like to be tried on the question of his war guilt by an international court, according to Poultney Bigelow, who recently spent three days with him. It’s an interesting proposition, but what would you do under similar conditions? If you had led a nation in unsuccessful war, had been dethroned and sent into exile, but allowed to keep a great fortune, would you reopen the question of your personal responsibility for the blood and death of millions, or let nxatters rest? I

Rule or Ruin? 1 IP you were’ premier of Eniland, and one of the outstandin|L exponents of peace, what would You do about India—seek a compromise with the Nationalists, put the destiny of an empire in the hands of’ a few highly educated dreamers and 300,000,000 illiterates, “or go forward” on the “rule-or-ruin” plan? There is a riddle that goes to the bowels of civilization, especially as it expresses itself in the form of government and law. How far can we trust the untutored multitudes whose right to freedom is unquestionable, but whose ability to make proper use of it is doubtful? On the other hand, how far can we trust that tendency to abuse power which is the weakness of those who possess it? it it a Half of World Uncivilized MORE than half of the human race is uncivilized, according to the standards and ideals of America and Europe. It can’t read or write, much less make Bessemer furnaces and arrange radio programs. It must be trained and educated, not only for its own sake, and not only to establish greater security throughout the world, but that it may produce more of the things we need, and buy more of the things we have to sell. Whatever one may think of his war guilt, the former kaiser represented a definite theory as to the best way of handling the so-called backward races. Whatever one may think of England’s motives for taking up arms against him, her leaders have indorsed and continue to indorse the same theory. The colonial system is Europe's solution of the problem—the colonial system as practiced by Germany before the war, and as practiced by every one of the allies since the war. tt tt tt We’re Not Consistent W'E Americans claim to oppose that system, though some of the things we have done hardly square with such preachment. Academically, we have stood for the integrity of China and thirty years ago we fought a war with Spain for the alleged purpose of liberating Cuba, though we took the Philippines, Porto Rico and Guam. We refuse to grant the Philippines independence, on the ground that they are not ready for it, and employ the same excuse in regard to statehood for Porto Rico. As for Guam, it is in the middle of the Pacific and contains only 6,000 people, so we rim it with a military governor. It would be more profitable to dwell on such differences as exist between the European and American viewpoint toward less enlightened people, but for the fact that those people have a viewpoint of their own which will become more and more important as the years go by.