Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 41, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 June 1930 — Page 8

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Concerning Big Cities Are our great cities a boon to humanity or the most disastrous social manifestation of the law of diminishing returns? The smug complacency of the metropolis worshipers is challenged rudely by Warren S. Thompson in his article “On Living in Cities in the American Mercury. Dr. Thompson sharply queries the conventional assumption of the great economic advantages of big cities: “One may ask whether the great insurance companies in New York City really know that it is cheaper to build one-hundred-story buildings (one of them has announced such a building recently) housing 12,000 to 20,000 people than to have a number of branch offices located in different parts of the country. "Whether many railroads, whose eastern termini are hundreds of miles from New York, are better off for having general offices in New York and employing hundreds of clerks there, rather than in the smaller cities along their lines. “Whether our great public utilities are more economically conducted from New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, and other large cities than they would be if local offices did more of their actual business. "Whether an automobile factory can be operated more cheaply in Detroit than in some smaller city, where workers pay smaller rents and spend but a few m.nutes getting to work. “Whether economical merchandising can only be carried on in large stores downtown. Whether thousands of both large and small offices could not be moved from the downtown sections of our large cities with a lowering of rents and an improvement in efficiency among the workers. One could continue 6uch inquiries almost indefinitely, but there is no need.” Manufacturers already have found big cities to be uneconomical. Higher wages have to be paid to meet the far higher living costs of workers. Yet workers in big cities are not as productive as the same type of men when employed in small towns in equally wellequipped factories. The great majority of those employed in cities are clerical workers. Their efficiency is impaired by the conditions under which they must live: “There can be no reasonable doubt that the slum or near-slum conditions under which most of thesa clerical workers live make a terrible drain on their efficiency. Most of them live in tiny apartments where there is little chance to relax comfortably when the day's work is over and to recuperate satisfactorily for the next day’s work. “Those few who live far enough away from their work to avoid the evils of congestion in living quarters suffer almost equally from the congestion of traffic in going and coming from their work.” The law of diminishing returns operates especially rigorously in relation to the traffic problem. The higher the buildings on Manhattan island, the greater the number of people who must come in from outside to fill them. In spite of the enormous expenditures ' on traffic facilities, the traffic in New York City is incomparably more congested today than it was twenty-five years ago. Dr. Thompson believes that the chief reason we do not consider more seriously the cessation of metropolitan growth and the redistribution of the population in smaller urban units is the deplorable American tendency to worship men; size. There may be another side to the picture, but certainly Dr. Thompson’s qjeries are peculiarly cogent and timely in this year of the census, when there is wild rivalry for high place ' - me rank of urban population. Should not a city mourn to find that it has passed those which formerly led it in population density? Constitutional Guarantees One of the guarantees of the Constitution provides no man shall be compelled to give evidence against himself. Perhaps, in these Volsteadian days of organized crime, it may be necessary to discard our ancient ideas of individual rights. Crime increases so rapidly that it may be necessary to return to the era of persecution instead of prosecution to protect society. That ancient safeguard was not accidental. It was born of memory of long years of tryanny. It echoes the knout, the ordeal of fire, the slitting of ears and tongues. It was written by men who believed that they had ended the day when men could be forced by brutality to stutter confessions in order to escape torture. The fathers of liberty believed they could defend themselves and society with brains, determination and ordinary common sense. They were not ready to admit themselves inferior to the lawbreaker. Officials who have resorted to force, in any age and in any emergency to obtain convictions, are usually either stupid or indolent. Often they are both. Always they are inefficient. Some victories over lawlessness may be high-priced and ail too costly. Certainly the conviction of no criminal, no matter how monstrous his offense, is worth the discarding of the Constitution written by men who understood how tyranny ever stalks the shadow of freedom, ready to pounce at the first moment of relaxation. When officials show signs of either ignorance of or indifference to the Constitution, it is time to replace them. Back to Monroe When Frank B. Kellogg realized that he soon was to leave the state department and probably never again enter public office, he apparently tried to undo some of the mistakes he and his predecesors had mrde. He wanted to lay the foundations of lasting peace. He chose two methods. One was the Kellogg pact for all nations to outlaw war. The other was an honest restatement of the Monroe Doctrine to remove Latin American hatred and fear of the United States. His first project did not materialize as he had hoped. Under pressure of Great Britain and certain militaristic tendencies in Washington, Kellogg had to witness the emasculation of his anti-war pact by sweeping reservations until that treaty became nothing more effective than a non-binding aspiration. But he had a right to expect results from his Latin-American peace move, for there only a statement by the United States itself was involved. As most school children know, the Washington government, especially during and after the Roosevelt administration, had distorted and misused the Monroe Doctrine as a mandate for intervention in Latin America against Latin-American governments. Thus the Monroe Doctrine, which in fact was and is for the benefit of Latin America, became to the rest of the world the symbol of alleged Yankee iAccrisy and imperialism. Hn the interest of historical accuracy arid of fuip;, \ friendship, Secretary Kellogg, shortly by ore leav-

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIPrS-HOWABD SEWBPAPEB) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents —delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLET. BOX W. HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON, EAtor President Business Manager ’ PHONE—Riley BMI FRIDAY. JUNE 37. 1930. Member of United Press, Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. ~“Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

ing office, sent to all American ministers and ambassadors a restatement of the doctrine, based upon the memorandum of Under-Secretary Clark. This restatement, which cut away the vicious Roosevelt and Coolidge "corollaries,” was to be delivered to all LatinAmerican governments on order from the incoming Hoover administration. It declared—what is true—that: “The doctrine states a case of the United States versus Europe, not of the United States versus Latin America . . . Such arrangements as the United States has made, for example, with Cuba, Santo Domingo, Haiti and Nicaragua are not within the doctrine as it was announced by Monroe.” In other words, the United States has two policies. One, the Monroe Doctrine, applies to all Latin America and prevents European encroachments in those countries. The other, or Isthmian intervention policy, applies only to Caribbean countries and arises largely from United States defense motives. It has nothing to do with the Monroe Doctrine, and must stand or fall on its own merits. In any event, this intervention policy does not apply in any way to most of the South American countries. Americans now learn with astonishment that the Hoover administration, after sixteen months in office, is continuing to jeopardize Latin-American friendship by blocking delivery of the Kellogg-Monroe Doctrine notes. The state department says now that Secretary Stimson has been too busy. The Hoover administration should end this delay.

Who’s Obscene? Solicitor-General Thacher has decided the federal government will engage in no further attempt to send Mary Ware Dennett to jail. Mrs. Dennett has been accused of obscenity because she wrote a treatise some years ago to help her adolescent sons understand sex. The treatise was published for the benefit of others who wished to use it in like manner. A postoffice inspector sent for a pamphlet under a fake name. When he received it, he arrested Mrs. Dennett. To the first federal judge who heard the case the pamphlet was obscene. To the appellate court it was not. The solicitor-general has announced he will drop the case. His decision is a sane one. Congressmen who became excited when Representative Edith Nourse Rogers of Massachusetts appeared at a recent session in a smock-frock are apparently unaware that it is proper attire for Housework. A Chinese matador was chased from a Madrid bull ring on his initial appearance. Proving conclusively that bull fighting is an old Spanish and not a Chinese custom. We suppose that when that child which was born on a ship passing through the Panama canal begins to walk it will start first with the lock-step. The boy who was told he’d never get anywhere unless he kept his hair immaculate, now can point to Ambassador Morrow. Florida is where most pineapples are grown. Chicago is where most are thrown. The boy who refused to play croquet because it was a “sissy” game has grown up to spend his time putting on the miniature golf courses. The question arises as to whether Admiral Byrd and his men would have been more at ease in New York had they been given the cold shoulder and some icy stares, instead of a warm reception. Those silent turnstiles seem to have clicked in New York. “Ludendorff blames Charlemagne for the defeat of the kaiser in the World war.” You don’t mean champagne, do you Ludy? Members of the Reichstag have been ordered not to remove their coats during summer sessions. During heated debates it would be more to the point to remind them to keep their shirts on. Brooklyn, sometimes called “the bedroom of New York,” should be just the place to try out those new shorts and street pajamas.

REASON

THE frequency with which mastodon teeth are being found all over the country would seem to indicate that in their day the mastodon dentists were extracting with something akin to the enthusiasm of the dentists of our day. a a a Einstein is all excited because he thinks space is eating up matter, but if he wants to see something that is something he should come to the United States and see a 16-year-old boy in a sls flivver eating up space. ana We are sorry to read that General Dawes will not take charge of crime suppression in Chicago, for he goes to a result as straight as cherry juice goes to a windpipe. a a a THE president of Cuba has cut his salary in two but it will not be necessary to vaccinate any of our statesmen to prevent the thing becoming an epidemic in the United States. a a a The president of the United States Flag Association rushes before a waiting world to say that Betsy Ross did not make the first bunting. They're taking away all the spice from our history and it will not be long until we are told the battle of Brandywine was just the pulling of a New York night club. a a a If Clemenceau could take his pen in hand again he might strike out his bitter fling at what he was pleased to call our love of money, since an unknown American in Paris has contributed enough to make the Clemenceau home a public shrine. a a a BROOKHART is in small business to oppose Hanford MacNider's appointment as minister to Canada, for MacNider is able and also has among his ejects as beautiful a war record as anybody brought back from France. Should he defeat MacNider's confirmation, MacNider might clean Brookhart for the senate. a a a This very thing occurred once down in Alabama. A gentleman named Pettus went to Washington and asked Senator Pugh of Alabama to indorse him for a federal judgeship, but Pugh refused, telling Pettus that he was too old. Pettus replied: "I may be too old for the bench, but I'm not too old for the senate, and he went home and beat Pugh. a a a Judge Ridgeky of Gary decides that when a girl jilts her beloved, she can keep the jewelry he gave her, but this isn't so hard, since he can keep the air she gives him. r m '~ii UTMIi .gB?

D FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ Scientific Knowledge Assure* Present Civilization WiV Be More Lasting, Declares Industrial Chief. THE present civilization will prove more lasting than civilizations cf the past, because of the high development of scientific knowledge. That is the opinoin of the International Telephone and Telegraph Company. Colonel Rorty expounded his views in the annual commencement address at Cooper Union in New York City. Trustees of Cooper Union include J. P. Morgan and Elihu Root Jr., Gano Dunn and other prominent citizens of New York. “Not long ago I asked myself why it was that so many civilizations had risen in the past to greatness in philosophy and art, and literature and government, and then fallen into decay,” he said. “As opposed to this impermanence of the old civilization, I seemed to sense a greater durability in our own—and I wondered why this might be. “Finally I think I found the answer. We may search history as we will, we may delve to the limit of our ability into the non-written records of the prehistoric past, and we shall find not one single instance where a tribe or race or nation ever has attained a given level of skill in the making and use of tools, and has fallen back from that level. “No tribe ever has advanced from stone tools to tools of bronze, and fallen back again to the age of stone; and no people ever has learned the art of iron-making and afterward lost that art.” tt tt a Greek PESSIMISTS frequently point to collapse of the Greek civilization to show the transitory nature of earthly glory. But Colonel Rorty points out something which has been overlooked. “The civilization of Greece advanced far beyond the skill of the Greek people in the use of tools,” he continued, “but when the Greek civilization decayed, the tools of Greece remained :n use unchanged. “Rome fell, but during the ensuing Dark Ages, when the other elements of civilization so had vanished from Europe that the history of those days hardly can be written, not one of the tools of Rome was lost to human use and knowledge. “So, today, we can be very certain that the nation that once has used locomotives and steamships for the purposes of its commerce always will continue to do so; and the people that once has flown forever thereafter will fly the air. “The ultimate measure of a civilization may lie in its art, and in its literature and philosophy. But the skill of the engineer and toolmaker, of the scientists and inventor, builds the firm foundation upon which alone these refinements of civilization may stand and endure.” Colonel Rorty believes, therefore, that present civilization is on a sound basis because of the great technical developments in means of transportation, oommunication, utilization of raw materials, and so on. tt tt tt Machines COLONEL RORTY’S views give those who decry the so-called “Machine Age,” something to think about. There is a school of thought today which sees the collapse of civilization in technical development. They feel that man is becoming a slave to machines, that the human race is being standardized, and that original thought, art, and literature are being stifled by industrial growth. Colonel Rorty, on the other hand, sees the greatest hopes for the future in the high technical development of the present. His view is that technical development represents a firm foundation which never collapses. An age of literature and philosophy, such as the Golden Age of Greece, comes to an end. But the next great civilization starts with the tools of the previous one and as a result is that much ahead of it. Colonel Rorty feels that technical development has reached so high a point, and gives promise of so much future, that there is no reason why such a collapse as that which ended Greek civilization ever should occur. Many authorities will agree with Colonel Rorty, but will insist upon making one reservation. They see a great danger to present civilization in war. They are not certain but what another cataclysm such as the last World war might so disorganize the world that it would be a century or more before it could regain its present stride.

A*rt5“THC--greHi-f-

PARNELL’S BIRTH June 27

ON June 27, 1846, Charles Parnell, noted Irish statesman and parliamentary leader, conspicuous for promoting the cause of home rule for Ireland, was bom at Avondale, Ireland, the son of an old Protestant family. After his education at Cambridge and a period of travel in the United States, Parnell entered public life in 1875 as a member of parliament for Meath. From the outset he showed remarkable ability for leadership in politics and fought for his principles boldly. Before two years had passed, Parnell formed a party of Nationalists to fight for home rule for Ireland in all local affairs, end for reform in the method of land ownership. He continued his agitation against the bitter opposition of both the great English parties until he was arrested and imprisoned. After spending a year in jail, Parnell proposed a bill in parliament to reduce rents, but it was rejected. Just as he was at the height of political power, he became involved in a divorce case. This proved fatal to his reputation for, as a result, he was deposed by the majority of his party.

\ II esswic-t. siKiicm

Chemistry Helps Build Healthier Race

BY DR. MORRIS FISKBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. CHEMISTRY to the average man means the pouring of two fluids together in a tube with some sort of reaction taking place in the form of a precipitate or the development of gas. Little does he realize that in every cell of his own body chemical actions are going on constantly, building up new materials, breaking down and eliminating old materials, providing energy, causing and preventing disease. The continuance of life is dependent on this constant series of chemical reactions, and modern medicine is greatly dependent on the knowledge that the chemists of living materials have furnished so that it may aid the patients in time of disease. Only recently has there come to be a full understanding of what are known as the deficiency diseases. In the absence of certain substances from the body, diseases de-

IT SEEMS TO ME

I SEE by the Herald Tribune of New York that beginning July 1 Calvin Coolidge will write a daily article. In other words, Mr. Coolidge is about to become a newspaper columnist. At least that is a fair assumption. Os course, the “daily article” could be the baseball story about the Yankees, or a dramatic criticism, or straight reporting, such as “Love Fiend Must Pay for Crime of Passion.” But Calvin Coolidge is without newspaper experience and so he is by nature and training a columist. What’s it to be called? I wonder. “Keeping Cool With Calvin” wouldn’t be so bad and there might be “If I Were on the Job.” “Cal’s Column” will do nicely. I await further details with great interest. Is it to be done in dialect, like Will Rogers? At any rate, I want to be among the first to congratulate the new brother in the lodge. Asa veteran columnist to a cub, may I offer my felicitations, Mr. Coolidge? Since you are new to the racket, a few little tips may not be amiss. a a a A Few Tips 1 SUPPOSE you are to be syndicated. They’ll offer you a guarantee of so much a week and 50 per cent of the profits if the returns go over a stipulated amount. Don’t pay any attention to them. Be content with your guarantee. It never does go over the stipulated amount. And don’t take the contract too seriously, Mr. Coolidge. I mean, don’t get the idea that you can rest your full weight on it. Even the best ones have been known to get mangled. Any paper that doesn’t like your stuff easily can harass you to the point where you will be glad to resign. As long as you don’t get ribald or blasphemous Calvin, everything will go along smoothly. Get your stuff in early. Make that a habit. It’s easy to grow slack in these matt''”':. I wouldn’t want to see anew man join the crowd of those who say, “I’ll do it the minute w r e get back from Texas Guinan’s.” But if you must go, insist to the head waiter that he take off the cover charge. Winchell, Hellinger and Broun don’t pay '••wer charges and there's no reason why you shc’Ud. By all means keep a scrap-book. Some day you may want to collect the essays into a little volume. You won't make much money out of it, but it does add tc prestige. Dull days will came when the contributions are r.o good and you can’t think up ai idea for yourself. I think you’ll find that only a few captious people will remember what you said in some little old last year’s column. But it is a good idea to change the introduction a little, and use very little contributed verse. a a a Be Yourself AND that reminds me, Mr. Coolidge, dont’ try too hard to be fcMuiv. Os course, you’ll want to with some snappy para-

But—!!!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

velop and by the provision of these substances the diseases may be prevented, and unless the changes are too great, they may be corrected. Thus vitamin D and calcium and phosphorus prevent rickets, iodine helps to prevent simple goiter, other vitamins prevent nervous diseases, diseases of the eye and disturbances of digestion. Most of the body tissue is composed of protein. Protein is the kind of substance that occurs in the white of an egg, in gelatin, in cheese, in cottage cheese or casein, and in meats and blood. Protein is, however, merely a general name for combinations of various simpler chemicals. When proteins are taken into the stomach, they are broken down into simpler substances, are carried to the organs and there used in building human tissue. Sugars and starches are broken down and carried to the liver and muscles, where they are redeposiited as glycogen and used for energy and warmth.

HEYWOOD y BROUN

graph for your first day—one of those New England wisecracks, I suppose. But it isn’t necessary. I realize you are likely to feel nervous and frightened in the beginning. But we’re all with you, boy. Just relax and be yourself. And there are other phases of columning which you would do well to avoid until you’ve found your own niche. The blessed event business is pretty much monopolized by Walter Winchell, and he’ll give you a terrible battle if you try to compete with him. Items about those who are going to “tell it to a judge” are also his perquisite. And if you’re thinking of doing a

tytiwWel/ThyZui § jCnow'&urTiible? 1 M FIVt QUESTIONS A DAY" K

1. Who said, “Be content with your wages,” and to whom? 2. Who said, “Is not this great Babylon that I have built?” 3. Which Psalm refers to God’s law in every one of its 176 years? 4. For whom did an angel draw fire from a rock, which consumed a meal prepared for him 0 5. What two masters did Jesus say no one can serve at the same time? Answers to Yesterday’s Queries 1. “Is the evil thereof?”; Matthew 6:34. 2. As “the root of all evil;” I Timothy 6:10. 3. By human sacrifices, especially by burning children in the fire; Leviticus 20:2. 4. Belshazzar; Daniel 5:1-5. 5. When the Israelites escaped from Egypt they took with them jewels and garments belonging to their masters, thus despoiling them in lieu of wages for their long slavery; Exodus 12:35, 36.

Daily Thought

And his mercy is on them that fear him from generation to generation.—St. Luke 1:50. We hand folks over to God’s mercy and show none ourselves.— George Eliot. Can dustless dusters be made at home? They may be made by dipping clean cloths in a mixture of two tablespoons of linseed or vegetable oil and a pint of gasoline or benzine. The cloths should be hung outdoors in the shade to dry and are then ready for use. What is the register tonnage of a ship? Net or register tonnage is the gross tonnage, less space for machinsry, crews quarters, etc. Gross tonnage is the cubical capacity of the ship in feet below the tonnage deck, plus the area of any enclosed space for stores above the tonnage deck.

In most tables of food values it is customary to include as the main headings—proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The rest of the material, and somestimes the largest part of it, consists of water, mineral salts and indigestible .material. For example, milk contains 3.3. per cent protein, 4 per cent fat, 5 per cent carbohydrate, and the rest is water and mineral salts. Meats are rich in protein and fat and very poor in carbohydrates. Indeed, only the liver contains any considerable percentage of this substance; namely, about 1 to 2 per cent. On the other hand, fruits and vegetables are rich in carbohydrates, poor in fat, and contain varying quantities of protein. The facts here stated are today being given to children regularly in the grade schools, facts which were not given to their parents in school when they were young. There is no doubt that the future will find a more healthful race because of this knowledge.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

word picture of various sections of New York life day by day, you ought to be informed that O. O. Mclntyre has beaten you to that. Now that you’re a columnist, some theatrical manager or other is likely to attempt to capitalize your following by offering you a week in vaudeville. That’s something you’ll have to decide for yourself. Some say that it’s a mistake for any columnist to make a public appearance of this sort. Others feel that there’s no harm in doing it once every four or five years, no matter what “Variety” says about you. But if you must play vaudeville, insist upon going on ahead of Duke Ellington and his orchestra. A hot band like that takes so much out of the audience that any monologist who follows will find it hard to get his laughs. And you may get a chance at radio. Take it, is my advice. Don’t try to talk as fast as Floyd Gibbons. He’s bad practice. As for your column, mix it up. Do something frivolous about your adventures with a taxi driver one day, and the next day give them the league of A dog or a farm are good material. And you fish, don’t you? That helps on dull days. But, most of all, remember that New York isn’t Washington, and act accordingly. Calvin, you’re in the big league now at last. (Copyright. 1930. by The Times)

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JUNE 27,1930

M. E. Tracy SAYS: What Reason Can We Give for Our Attitude Toward Rjissia, Except Pure Political Prejudice. 'T'EN days ago the Glenn H. Mar- -*• tin Company of Baltimore asked the state department if there were any objections to its contracting with Soviet Russia for the sale of twenty bombing planes. The state department replied that it was not in favor of such transaction, chiefly because of the absence of diplomatic relations between Washington and Moscow. Having learned that Soviet Russia is just bound to get those twenty bombers, and that other countries are willing to take the money, the state department is reported as in a mood to change its mind. Let us hope the report is true. Why should we continue making futile faces at Soviet Russia while other people get the business? a u a Policy Is Absurd T~'OR that matter, why should we continue the absurd and impractical policy we have pursued toward Russia during the last ten years? It does not square with the principles on which this republic was founded, any more than it squares with those of trade. The refusal to recognize Russia without some reasonable agreement with regard to back debts can be justified, but the fact that we have made little or no effort to arrange such agreement is more difficult to explain. Asa general proposition, we have not hesitated to take the initiative in composing differences with other countries. When it comes to Russia, however, we seem content to stand coldly aloof. What reason can we give for such an attitude, except pure political prejudice? tt tt tt Friend of Czars THIS prejudice stands out in curious contrast to the cordial relations we formerly maintained with czarism, which certainly was as far removed from our ideals and theories of government as is the reddest brand of Communism. Asa mater of fact, we have taken a position with regard to Russia since the revolution of 1917 that is different from that we ever took toward any other European country. Whatever may be said of the reason, the precedent we have established is dangerous. Future administrations could make use of it to break off diplomatic relations with any country whose form of government they did not like, and thus set up anew and far-reaching cause of trouble. tt tt n Ways Have Changed FOR 130 years we were content to string along with the idea of doing no more to promote our own peculiar views than set a good example. Though sympathetic with revolutionary movements in favor of democracy, we never went so far as to refuse even the most reactionary government recognition. The upheaval in Russia seems to have had a singular effect on our conceptions of international etiquette, notwithstanding that one of our war aims was to “save the world for democracy,” and that we yelled for about everybody in Europe to revolt when we started the boys for France. a a We Are Inconsistent SUPPOSE Russia did go a little farther than we expected, and suppose we did get all het up over Bolshevik propaganda. Was it necessary to upset the customs and usages that had worked so well for more than a century? Mussolini went about as far in the other direction, but we experienced no compunction in giving him the glad hand. So, too, we experienced no compunction in maintaining friendship with Rumania though Carol Is back on the throne, or with any other country, for that matter, regardless of what form of government it has, or how often that form is altered. The fact that we can do business with England, and even marry off our daughters to noblemen without becoming royalists, suggests that we might sell Russia a few trifles without going Bolshevik. At any rate, the experiment seems worth making especially in view of all we have said regarding good-will, freedom of action, the right of selfdeternrnation and other things.