Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 36, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 June 1930 — Page 4

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A New Constitution The women of the state, as represented by the League of Women Voters, will force the issue of anew Constitution. That should make the politicians who are comfortable under the present document, at least cautious in their opposition to the submission to the people of the simple proposal to draft anew Constitution. The women believe anew Constitution is needed to gear the government up to the present industrial age. They believe the old Constitution, in many ways, is as archaic as the covered wagon—and hides too many unnecessary obstacles to progress. ' The women believe even more that the people of the state have a right to control their own government, and that the people must decide public questions for themselves. Even were the wording of the present Constitution sufficiently broad as to enable the people to provide for changed living conditions by proper and necessary laws, the supreme court has so distorted some plain purposes as to mske anew Constitution almost imperative. In the matter of free speech alone, the decision of the court invades the constitutional guarantees. When the court decided, in the Dale case, that truth is no defense in indirect contempt, it shot away one of the chief comer stones of the Constitution itself. When the high court asserted, as it did in the Shumaker case, that criticism of decision may be punished, it destroyed the very theory of free speech. If any public matters should be open to free and full discussion, the decisions of courts rank first. Anew Constitution is needed to give point and purpose to the guarantee of speedy justice. There should be some remedy for the people against lethargy, indifference or political expediency on the part of courts. It is unthinkable that cases may remain undecided for years. Possibly anew Constitution would provide for some means of removal of judges who contribute to such delays other than the present limitation of conviction for felonies. When the women of the state who are independent in politics get busy there is hope.

“It Is Ridiculous” “It Is ridiculous to speak of unemployment as a necessary condition of human society. It is nothing more than a maladjustment of its machinery. It is a blot on our intelligence.” This is not a Socialist soap-boxing on the evils of the American industrial system which has produced an army of unemployed ranging from three to six millions today. Those are the words of Owen D. Young, head of the General Electric and the Radio Corporation of America, two of the largest business concerns in the world, and the economic expert twice chosen by the world powers to arrange reparation settlements. Young used this strong language regarding unemployment in addressing the National Electric Light Association convention in San Francisco last Thursday. The striking thing about Young’s idea of unemployment is that he has discarded the futile and outworn attitude which still is prated by too many business and political leaders. Such nonsense as this: If a man can't get a job it is his own fault.” “No honest man need go hungry. “The trouble with the unemployed is that they don't want work.” Or stupid dogmas such as these: “There always have been periods of large unemolayment, and always will be.” t. “You can't get away from the business cycle, hard times always will follow good times.” Young’s answer is the correct one. It is a matter of Intelligence, or lack of intelligence. Our economic system is badly adjusted. In the richest land in the world, prosperity and high wage employment can be stabilized, if our business and political leaders use half the intelligence on this problem that they have used on less important problems. As Young pointed out. prosperity and employment n the United States has come to depend under mass 3 reductions conditions, on finding foreign markets for our farm and factory- surplus. By what chance has the country, when congress and the President put through a tariff law that .causes reprisals and closes foreign markets? Until we substitute a policy of encouraging foreign customers, instead of starting tariff wars, we can not stabilize prosperity and employment. That is not only the idea of Young, but of virtually every reputable economist in the United States and of increasing numbers of business men. In addition to an intelligent foreign trade policy, we must have intelligent government aid to industrythrough statistical services, employment exchanges and advance planning of federal construction projects. That is only a beginning. But the United States house of representatives and the Hoover administration have refused, on the eve of congress' adjournment, to pass those measures. Also there is need of an unemployment and old age pension insurance system The working day should be shortened. Child labor should be eliminated. Over and above what an intelligent government could do. it is the systematic handling of unemployment by such progresive municipalities as Cincinnati. Most important is what industry itself can do. The men's clothing industry, under the leadership and co-operation of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers’ Union effectively stabilizes employment and takes care of the labor surplus by its own joint insurance protection. While Young was speaking n San Francisco, the General Electric in Schenectady war announcing a stabilisation and joint insurance plan. Other industries are doing the same. This entire approach to the problem is a, denial of the vicious theory that society and capital have no responsibility to the worker except to get as

The Indianapolis Times (A BCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents a copy, elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. BOY w! HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON, Editor President Business Manager PHONE— Riley SftSl SATURDAY. JUNE 21. 1930. Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

much as possible out of him and then throw him on the scrap heap. It recognizes the right of every man to workunder decent conditions and at adequate wages, which are as constant and regular as his living expenses. It recognizes that labor has a joint claim with capital on the profit surplus accumulated In fat years for use in lean years. It recognizes the right of labor to participate in management. It recognizes that unemployment is not only an indictment of the injustice of our economic system, but of inefficiency and waste. And, as Young said: “The idleness of men who wish to work is the most dangerous surplus which can exist in any country.”

Calling Mr. Woll It was inevitable that sooner or later somebody of real importance in the American Federation of Labor would “call” Matthew Woll for assuming to speak in the name of the organized workers of the United States. There is no denying the fact that the casual observer not on the “in ’ inevitably would conclude that Matthew Woll, vice-president of the American Federation of Labor, is the “big noise” in the American labor movement. No other representative of labor so often makes the newspaper headlines with interviews, addresses, and articles. The man on the street naturally would feel that when Woll issues an ex-cathedra utterance it means that American labor as a unity has been utilizing Woll’s vocal chords to make itself articulate. Does the fact that Woll is a vice-president of the American Federation of Labor mean that he represents a vast block of American labor? Not at all. Status in the bureaucracy of the American Federation of Labor has no necessary relationship whatever to one’s numerical backing in the ranks of active labor. It is one of the fearful and wonderful by-products of the federation system of government. The leader of each constituent union has as much theoretical power if he group of a thousand workers as he does if he represents a hundred thousand. Matthew Woll breaks into the hierarchy of the A. F. of L. as the head of the Photo-Engravers’ union —a skilled craft union with some 2,500 members, of inclinations more capitalistic than proletarian. This is precisely the group for which Matthew Woll speaks, if he speaks for any. We have no means of knowing how large a minority* in his own union dissents from his views. Mr. Woll may fool the public, but he does not deceive the members of the A. F. of L. acquainted with the facts. Therefore, when Woll wrote- to Senator Hatfield praising the Hawley-Smoot tariff bill, many members of the A. F. of L. resented Woll’s apparent effort to make it seem that American labor was with the tariff and that Woll v.as voicing the sentiments of the Federation. Some were highly indignant. George L. Berry, president of the International Union of Printing Pressmen—a much more powerful union than that which Woll represents—wrote Woll a letter saying that the latter should have resigned from the federation before writing his letter to Senator Hatfield. President Berry said in part in his letter to Woll: “By careful perusal of your letter, it appears at least to me that the impression definitely is intended to be made that you are speaking for, and that the American wage earners are in perfect harmony with, the Grundy bill. If this is not the intention, there would have been no value in transmission of your communication. . . . "I think it very unwise of you to advocate the present Grundy tariff bill, in view of the official position you hold in the federation. You are, and it is generally known, the vice-president of the A. F. of L. The use of your name in connection with support of what I, as least, conceive to be the most atrocious tariff revision ever considered by congress, will leave upon many the impression that the A. F. of L. is supporting the Grundy bill, and of course, as you know, that isn’t true. . . . “In my judgment, if you felt it your duty as a citizen to support the Grundy bill, you should have resigned from the vice-presidency of the A. F. of L., so that the federation would have been saved the humiliation of having any one for even a second conclude that the American labor movement was in support of this bill.”

REASON By FI LANDIS CK

CHICAGO newspapers declare they will drive organized crime from their city, but it just can’t be done, not with ox cart methods of criminal procedure, and this applies not only to Chicago, but to every community in the land. u a u Every county seat has its horrible miscarriage of justice, its cold-blooded murders which are mysteriously reduced to manslaughter and its cold-blooded murders which gc unpunished altogether. Every community is paralyzed with a sense of helplessness, because in the hocus pocus of courts the safety of society is lost. a a a Foreign nations justly look down upon us because we are asylum for outlaws, because our courts are bedlams of technicalities, time-killing devices for the escape of the guilty, endless labyrinths of circumlocution, dim catacombs of dead fictions, endless seas of monkey business. a a BY way of filing an alibi for ourselves, most of us hand it to Chicago, but she is not much worse, considering population, for we know of many rural communities where murder is the safest business to be found. We are laying up the biggest supply of wrath any society has put away in a long time and some fine day it will break, and with a vengeance. • a o a There was Cincinnati for instance. For years and years her criminals and criminal lawyers held high carnival in her courts and finally the camel’s back was broken by an outrageous verdict in a murder case. a a u A long suffering people broke loose and then, as always happens, the criminal element declared it a holiday and turned in and burned the courthouse and other public buildings, the life of the city being in peril for days. A similar catastrophe is in store for Chicago, unless things change, just as sure as water runs down hill. tt an LEVEL-HEADED citizens have wondered for years what detains the mob in America, for our judicial horseplay has offended the law abiding until respect for courts is as dead as King Tut. And when that comes, the next thing is the fire bell in the night. a a a Vigilance committees in every community could end crime in no time, as was done in California in the gold rush days, when a reign of terror was turned swiftly to a reign of tranquility and it was safe for a miner to lie down and sleep with his treasure for a pillow. Handling crime is child', play with direct action, but it is horseplay as tilings 6tand now.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

SCIENCE -BY DAVID DIETZ—-

Vesuvius, Long a Terror to Surrounding Districts, Promises Renewed Activity This Summer. MT. VESUVIUS, famous volcano, threatens to be active again this summer. Earlier in the month, the Bay of Naples was illuminated and the countryside terrified by a spectacular eruption of incandescent cinders which lasted throughout an entire night. Professor Alessandro Malladra, director of the Vesuvian observatory, interprets the fiery shower to mean that Vesuvius again will be active this summer, and has advised the immediate construction of breastworks to confine the lava to a gorge on the "southeastern side of the volcano, known by the picturesque title of “Hell Valley.” Mt. Vesuvius is an object of great interest, both for its historical record and for what modern geological study has revealed about it. The volcano rises from the eastern margin of the Bay of Naples, Italy, about seven miles to the southeast of Naples. The height of the volcano has varied from time to time as a result of various eruptions. It was 4,275feet in 1900, but after the eruption of 1916, it was only 3,668 feet. A far greater crater occupied the present site of Vesuvius in prehistoric times. Its remnant is to be seen in a tall, semi-circular cliff known as Monte Somma, which surrounds the northern side of the present active crater. This cliff, which reaches a height of 3,714 feet, descends in long slopes to the plains. It was part of the wall of the original crater.

Pompeii THROUGH the early days of history, Vesuvius was quiet, though the Monte Somma is incontrovertible evidence that the site once had been the scene ’of terrific eruptions. The awakening of Vesuvius was heralded by a succession of earthquakes which began in the year 63 A. D. These continued for the next sixteen years, doing much damage to nearby villages and spreading great consternation throughout the entire district. On Aug. 24, 79 A. D., the volcano let go „ with a furious explosion. Three towns, Herculaneum, at the western base of the volcano; Pompeii, on the southeast side, and Stabiae, still farther to the south, were destroyed. The material which issues from a volcano may be of a varied character. Lava, which is molten rock, may or may not be erupted. Often solid material—dust, ash, cinders, and even large chunks of rock—is hurled out. Frequently there is much steam and often a great stream of mud, which results from the mixture of the volcanic dust and ash with the condensing steam. Herculaneum was buried under a great flood of mud which hardened into a crust over the doomed city. The lava flows of subsequent eruptions laid down layers of rock upon the crust of mud. Pompeii, however, was buried under dry volcanic ash. This accounts for the remarkable state of preservation in which Pompeii later was found. A feature of the eruptions of 79 A. D. is that there seems to have been no flow of lava.

Eruptions AFTER the eruption of 79, Vesuvius was relatively quiet, though there are records of occasional eruptions in 202, 472, 512, 685, 993, 1036, 1049, and 1139. In 1631 another series of earthquakes heralded additional trouble. These increased in violence over a period of six months and on Dec. 16, 1631, another great explosion occurred. This great explosion emptied the crater of the volcano and is said to have killed 18,000 people. Since that time, Vesuvius never has been entirely quiet. At intervals of a few weeks to a few years, there have been eruptions ranging in character from clouds of steam to streams of lava. The years 1766, 1777, 1779, 1794, 1822, 1872, 1906 and 1929 were years of special activity. The 1906 eruption altered the appearance of the volcano considerably, reducing the height of the cone by a large amount. The observatory for the study of the volcano was established in 1844. Professor Malladra has risked his life many times in the study of th( volcano, on one occasion descending a distance of 1,200 feet into the crater. A wire rope railway up the volcano, opened in 1880, carried visitors to within 150 yards of the mouth oi the crater. Professor Malladra keeps a continuous record of all changes in the the volcano and it is hoped thus to establish methods for predicting the volcano's behavior, as well as advance general knowledge upon the subject.

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BEARD’S BIRTH June 21

ON June 21, 1850, Daniel C. Beard, American artist, author, and naturalist, and founder of the first Boy Scout Society in the United States, was born at Cin- ' inati. Following all academic education at Covington, Ky., and four years of art training in New York City, Beard fox many years made illustrations for leading magazines and books. He was the originator and first instructor of the pioneer class in illustration and later served as teacher of animal drawing at the Woman's School of Applied Design. Through his enthusiasm for outdoor life, Beard became interested in the Boy Scout movement, and, after founding the Scout Society, he was chosen as the national commissioner of the Boy Scouts of America. Beard also is credited with the discovery of a mountain, which has been named for him, adjoining Mount McKinley in Alaska. McKinley is the highest mountain in North America.

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Study Breathing as Stuttering Cause

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hyxela, the Health Magaxine. STUTTERING is one of the most annoying of all human afflictions. Unless the individual keeps silent constantly, he is bound to betray his symptoms. It is also one of the most difficult conditions to control. The problem has been attacked from a variety of angles. Attempts have been made to study the structure of the mouth, throat and larnyx of the stutterer to find out whether abnormalities were present. Surgical operations used to be performed with the hope of bringing about some change, and all sorts of training methods have been developed to control breathing, the rate of speech, the proper co-ordi-nation of the tisues and similar factors. In tjje department of experimental psychology in the University of lowa, H. P. Fossler has made

IT SEEMS TO. ME By

THE house has voted $25,000 and appointed a committee to study Communist activities in America. Ham Fish of New York is the chairman. Mr. Fish was one of the best tackles ever seen at Harvard, even though he played a trifle high. In the house it can not be said that he has shone like a firefly while sitting in the midst of mediocrity. It seems rather a waste of time and money to set up this investigating body. All there is to know could be learned for less than 25 cents in an afternoon. Indeed, I suggest to the committee than its first session be opened by a brief reading from a book called “Roger Williams; Prophet and Pioneer,” by Emily Easton. On Page 331 of this biography may be found a short paragraph containing a message sent by a Mr. Arnold, an associate of Roger Williams, to the general court, then sitting at Boston. Mr. Arnold was talking about Quakers. Still the analogy is close enough, for in the year 1657 the Quakers were agitating violently against many customs and traditions which the committee held dear. There was a demand that something he done about it and many of the Quakers were severely punished. This was done in an effort to stamp out the sect. Mr. Arnold reported that the problem was being handled quite differently in Rhodle Island. a a tt Voice From Dead “/CONCERNING these Quakers, V-4 we have no law among us whereby to punish any for only declaring by words their minds and undestandings concerning the things and ways of God, as to salvation and an eternal condition,” he wrote, “and we moreover find that in those places where these people aforesaid in this colony, are most of all suffered to declare themselves freely, and are only opposed by argument in discourse, there they least of all desire to come. “We are informed that they begin to loathe this place, for that they are not opposed by the civil authority, but with all patience and meekness are suffered to say over their pretended revelations and ad-* monitions: nor are they like or able to gain many here to their way; surely we find that they delight to be persecuted by civil powers, and when they are so, they are likely to gain more adherents by the conceit of their patient sufferings than by consent to their pernicious sayings.” nun Making Converts ONLY the other day Judge Van Riper of New Jersey did his stupid bit to make converts for Communism. He began by suspending sentence upon a Communist, but reconsidered when the man prattled some of the familiar stuff about courts and capitalism and what would happen to judges in the day of proletarian dictatorship. Nettled, the Judge imposed a ten-

Make Up Your Mind!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

a special study of thirteen stutterers and thirteen normal individuals to find out to what extent the breathing of stutterers might be responsible for their speech disturbance. Curves were made by the use of physiologic apparatus to compare the rate and manner of breathing of the stutterer with that of the normal individual. It was found that stuttering may or may not be accompanied by spasms in the breathing apparatus, but spasms were not found except during stuttering. Breathing intervals either may be prolonged greatly or shortened during stuttering. In some stutterers such disturbances were not apparent. Only stutterers attempted to speak while drawing in the breath; something which a normal person does not attempt. Stutterers were found to be 52 per cent more variable than normals in the time of breathing in, and 46 per cent more variable than

day sentence for contempt of court. Os course, the prisoner wanted to be martyrized. In calling the American Communist party fantastically foolish, I have no desire to overlook the fact that the particular economic theory has attracted many excellent minds to its side. But not here. The United States presents a

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—l have read so many comments in your paper concerning the Breedlove case, I, for one, think that Judge Lahr used good judgment in suspending the sentence. He knew she had done wrong just as she did, but gave her a chance to do the right thing. I don’t believe when a person gets one kick to kick them down the rest of the way. Our Savior said, “Let those that are without sin cast the first stone.” If we all would try to speak a kind word to people that do wrong, I think we would help them and be blessed for our kindness. Perhaps Mrs. Breedlove has a good mother, and how do you think that mother feels having her child talked about that way? I know it was an awful thing for her to do in leaving her baby that way, but she’s deserving of another chance to make good. What good would it do to cast her in prison? A CONSTANT READER.

t JCnow c )6urWble? 1 FIVE QUESTIONS A OAV K ON FAMILIAR PAS3AOES g

1. Why was Jesus taken to Jerusalem at the age of 12? 2. What does the proverb say of one that “spareth his rod?” 3. How was Saul chosen as king? 4. Where did Job live? 5. Who first said, “Man doth not live by bread only?” Answers to Yesterday’s Queries 1. Mary; Luke 2:19. 2. “And I will give thee a crown of life.” Revelations 2:10. 3. “I am that I am.” Exodus 3:14. 4. When David won a victory over the Philistines; I Chronicles 14:13-17. 5. In Proverbs 3:13-26. When and by whom was the friction match invented? A phosphorus friction match was manufactured in Paris in 1816, but the first practical match ignitable by simple friction was invented by John Walker, an Englishman, in 1827. The first successful phosphorus matches appeared between 1830 and 1835, and the first patent for the invention of phosphorus friction matches in the United States was granted to 1836/to A. D. Phillips.

normals in the time of breathing out. In fact, stutterers present from two to five times more unusual curves than do normals. They showed approximately twice as many expirations that were interrupted by inspirations as did normals. This proves therefore that the stutterer is likely to be subject to extraordinary hyhtm and diffculties in his manner of breathing, and that competent and complete treatment always must take this factor into consideration. "Undoubtedly there are instances in which special attention paid to the breathing may overcome a large part of the difficuty. It is the general belief of experts that much difficulty under which the stutterer labors is psychological, and that if analyst) will reveal the basis for his speech disturbances, he probably will be relieved. Certainly the problem is one that merits careful research and attention.

Ideals and opinions expressed n this column are those of me ol America’s most Interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

much less fertile field for the making of converts thar does England, France or Germany. The Communists look forward to a proletarian revolution during which the agencies of government and production shall be taken over by the workers and administered by them. Though there are great handicaps to the spread of Communism here, the party has had an excellent chance to gain recruits on account of the widespread condition of unemployment. Soviet Rusisa, like Pascisti Italy, “when in doubt, shout war.” It is to be, of course, just one last war —a war to end war. I was accused by a Communist paper of blocking the revolution by running a free employment agency. If such slight effort actually could have achieved such momentous result, it must be that the tide of revolution hardly is setting as strongly as the Reds assert. The inefficiency of American Communism in Russia is due to men who insist upon dictating action although they are unfamiliar with understandings concerning the American conditions. I have been tempted at times to become a Communist. If I couldn’t do a better job of rabble-rousing than Foster is putting on, I would agree to eat one ton of Red literature in the middle of Times square. And if you know anything about Red literature, this is a mighty daring pledge. (Copyright. 1930. by The Timesi

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.JUNE 21, 1930

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

What Have We to Gain by Throwing Monkey Wrenches Into the World's Economic Machinery at This Time? 'T'HE convention of the National Electric Light Association at San Francisco sends a thirty-two-ward cablegram around tne world ia five mlftutes thirty-two seconds. If this represents a triumph for human ingenuity and organized business, it also represents a triumph for the spirit of co-operation. The cablegram went across tho Pacific, via. Honolulu, Guam and Manila to Shanghai, thence to Irkutsk in Siberia to Ekaterinburg, Leningrad, I<ondon, New York, Chicago and so back home. It traveled with speed and dispatch, not only through war stricken China, but for thousands of miles through the dominions of Soviet Russia, which we refuse to recognize. It could have been held up in a dozen places and would have been, had we not learned the desirability of doing certain things without regard to national prejudice or political bias. OKU Then We Pass the Tariff THE way this cablegram was handled made an appropriate setting for Owen D. Young’s address on the part played by good will in international trade—a part underestimated by too many people. Though we Americans have learned how essential it is for any business to create and maintain a favorable impression at home, we still regard it as rather unimportant out yonder. We are neither surprised nor perplexed that two comedians, talking over the radio fifteen minutes each night, can treble the sales of a tooth paste, but when it comes to the overseas market, or dealing with foreigners, we still are wedded to the tradition of tariff barriers and horse-trading terms. If they want goods marked in the metric system, we tell them to go to blazes, and if they want machinery done up in small bundles so it can be carried over mountain trails on mule back, we ask them why they don’t build a railroad. Then to show them we mean it, we pass the Smoot-Hawley bill. MUM Wrong, Says Young OWEN D. YOUNG, who heads one of the greatest enterprises in this country, if not in the whole world, and who acted as chief pilot in steering Europe out of the reparations mess, says that we are on the wrong track. He says that we must loosen up if we want to get anywhere, must quit the walling-off game, extend credit, and meet other people at least half way. He says all this, not as the apostle of some new doctrine, but as a hardheaded business man who has been through the mill. # m n Idealism Mostly Talk WE have talked a great deal about idealism during the last twelve years, about the possibilities of anew order, orderly adjustment, the limitation of arms, freedom of the seas and a square deal for everybody. But when it comes to translating our ideals into action, we turn our backs on a League of Nations which we forced the allies to accept, enter the world court “with reservations,” and pass a tariff bill which makes the situation unnecessarily tough on our debtors. Passing by the intellectual dishonesty which such attitude implies, is it not short-sighted and impractical? What have we to gain by throwing monkey wrenches into the world’s economic machinery at this time? On the other hand, what have we not to lose? u m • Must Have Expansion AS Mr. Young points out, we have grown into a nation of surpluses. We have surplus cash, surplus, goods, surplus raw materials and surplus services. Our economic and industrial structure has been tuned to a point where increased foreign trade is' its only out, where the standard of living it has made possible and the prosperity it has brought can bo continued through expansion only. DAILY THOUGHT Blessed is he that keepeth the sayings of the prophecy of this book. —Revelation 22:7. n • * WE mistake the gratuitous blessings of heaven for the fruits of our own industry.— L’Estrange.