Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 25, Indianapolis, Marion County, 9 June 1930 — Page 4

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Speedy Justice Let it be hoped that in its selection of candidates for the supreme court judgeships, the delegates to the Democratic convention will select those who telieve in the Constitution. The long list of undecided cases before that tribunal suggests very strongly that the present court does not take seriously the guarantee of the Constitution that justice shall be speedy. Asa result there are cases which have been before that court for years, although the judges have declared that many of them are deserving of early consideration by placing them upon the “advanced docket. Some of these men are in prison. Should it be finally determined that their convictions were illegal, they are being denied freedom through lethargy, timidity or indifference of judges. In other cases, the money involved may mean life itself to the litigants. Especially is this true of cases in which widows and orphans sue for damages for death of the husband and father. The orphans, deprived of the support that might come from proper reparation for the loss of a father, would be condemned to unfair start in life, improper early surroundings, a denial of education. There is no method by which judges can be forced to act promptly. Under the Constitution they can be impeached or removed only for the commission of a felony after conviction. Once elected, the judges aie beyond control. The one way in which regard for the Constitution may be safeguarded is the selection of judges who really believe in the Constitution, not as a jumble of phrases but as basis of fundamental justice. A congested docket of undecided cases can only breed discontent and a disrespect for law*. Indecision easily amounts to a denial of justice. It strikes at the very foundation of our whole social system. Nq partisan thought should enter into the selection of these candidates. They must be men who are beyond partisan influences, judges who believe in the law and in justice as an ideal, in courts as the instrumentalities of justice.

A Fundamental Test To the thousands of independent voters of the state who are seeking some relief from the misrule of state and county administrations, what happens in the state Democratic convention is important. To the farmer and the jobless, what it says about the tariff will be carefully scrutinized. That will determine whether there is really any difference between the two parties. The pending tariff measure is so completely the voice of special privilege seeking more plunder at the expense of every honest interest that it seems a denunciation by any Democratic convention at this time should be as spontaneous as it is vigorous. Attitude toward that measure is a fundamental test. A political party or a candidate for office hesitating about such a licensed robbery could not be expected to act differently in other matters than the present state administration whose chief telegraphed an appeal for the wholly indefensible tariff on cement to still further enrich that monopoly. Failure to denounce the tariff should be followed by adoption of anew emblem for the Democratic party. Perhaps the head of the donkey and the body of an elephant might be used—an animal with neither brains to think nor legs to run. “Alky” Spots on the Sheepskin Did Andy Volstead put a crimp in campus drinking? Has the noble experiment made a Sahara of our institutions' of higher learning? This question has provoked a bitter controversy. Two famous university coaches, Amos Alonzo Stagg and Fielding H. Yost, have declared that the prohibition legislation greatly has lessened drinking in university circles. Now the well-known sports writer. Bill Cunningham. challenges this optimism and tells us why in an article in the North American Review. He admits that he is not as old as Yost or Stagg, but he says he has seen more representative students and colleges since 1919 than Yost and Stagg combined. Though he can not remember as far back as Stagg or Yost, Mr. Cunningham observes that “if it is literally true that the old-time students drank more than the collegians of today, I don't see how my generation, or such portion of it. at any rate, as sprang from col-lege-bred parents, escaped being degenerates and lunatics." Mr. Cunningham, on the basis of an extremely wide acquaintance with our contemporary college scene, believes that the only two institutions of higher learning in America where a drink of hard liquor can not be raised quickly and easily are West Point and Annapolis. Here the penalties are severe and the rooms frequently searched. The percentage of those who drink also tell the atorv. At Princeton, 79 per cent drink; at Amherst, 73 per cent; at Harvard, 65 per cent; at Dartmouth, 64 per cent; at M. I. T-, 61.8 per cent; at Brown, 60.8 . per cent; Pennsylvania is the only college reporting a majority of drys, some 60 per cent As against this record Mr. Cunningham estimates that in his own college, when he was an undergraduate, 90 per cent of the students never had taken a drink up to the time of graduation. What is worse, the few heavy drinkers Jr *> old days went in chiefly for beer, not for the p* ent college favorite of “raw alcohol flavored with synthetic fruit extract, the various forms of pastel-shaded poison that ulcerate stomachs and suppurate kidneys —the so-called Scotch and misnomered rye, in which astounded chemists have found traces of everything from concentrated lye to sulphuric acid.’* Os one popular college concoction Mr. CunningIjtm writes with feeling; “The stuff consisted of near-

The Indianapolis Times U SCBIPPB.HOWAKD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Time* Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marlon Connty. 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents- delivered by carrier. 12 cent a a week. BOYD OCR LEY! BOY w 7 HOWARD. PRANK G. MORRISON, Editor President Business Manager J rHONE Riley 5551 MONDAY. JUNE ■ 193 C. Member of United Presa, Scrlppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newapaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

beer doped with raw alcohol, and it tasted like gasoline a rat had been drowned and decayed in.” There no longer is any civilized drinking in colleges—the moderate consumption of relatively harmless beer and light wines for the purpose of promoting good fellowship and freeing us from nerve-wracking repressions. The object of college students today is “to get plastered as completely and as expeditiously as possible by taking jorums of straight ‘alky,’ diluting it with water usually drawn from a bathroom faucet, killing its awful taste to a certain extent with some stuff called ‘Tom Collins Mixture’ they buy at the drug store, holding their noses and swallowing fast.” Not only is there a vast amount of drinking of vile strong liquor in college circles today as compared with the small consumption of beer and wines of yesteryear—the habit of drinking this raw staff now is fixed so firmly that it will be hard to reform the tastes of the younger generation. “I don’t know that a repeal of the Volstead act would do any good. Probably it wouldn’t, because the grievous damage has already been done.” Such is the achievement of the noble experiment in the citidals of higher learning. A Tariff Solution In a way the announcement by Senator Reed of Pennsylvania on the eve of the tariff vote in congress that he has serious doubts about the bill is more significant than the flat opposition of others. For Reed, it will be recalled, helped write the bill as a member of the senate finance committeee. Moreover, Pennsylvania is the highest tariff state in the Union. As customary, it gets more than any other state out of this bill. Reed’s doubts are typical of many other high protectionists in congress. Even those who are going to vote for the bill are troubled tremendously. Why? Does it mean that these high protectionists are going free trade? Or docs it mean that they are tempted to let unprecedented public pressure overcome their own habit of thought? Not at all. The issue is not the protective tariff. The existing tariff law will continue in force if this bill is defeated. And under the existing law, our tariff is the highest in our history and the highest in the world. It was written by a Republican congress, free to fix almost any rates desired. Under it—though not because of it—tne country broke all prosperity records for all time.

Os course those who wrote the existing law do not now find it perfect in all details. After eight years there is need for the kind of adjustments proposed by Hoover during his campaign. Those few changes are necessary, according to the Republican campaign pledges, to bring agriculture nearer a level with protected industry and to aid two or three sick industries. To make such limited adjustments was the avowed purpose of the pending legislation. For that purpose congress was called into special session by the President a year ago, and for that purpose congress allegedly has devoted most of its regular session. But achievement of that original purpose of limited tariff revision has been made impossible. Instead of the intended limited revision, the vicious system of log-rolling has produced a monstrosity of bloated rates. Piling rate upon rate, this bill has become so high that it plainly defeats its purpose. Instead of protecting the farmer, it increases his burdens. Instead of protecting the manufacturer, it restricts the purchasing power of his domestic market and kills his foreign market. Instead of compensating the consumer by increased employment and wages, it causes wider and wider unemployment. This is not a matter of theory or opinion. It is r fact—the most inescapable and disturbing fact in t>s present American depression. Under the threat of this bill, and the protests or reprisals it has provoked in thirty-three foreign countries, American exports have falien off 21 per cent this year. Instead of the revived prosperity, predicted last January by the President and others, unemployment is virtually as widespread in June as in January. The automobile industry, key to steel and a dozen other industries, has declined 31 per cent in production during the first five months of this year compared with last year. Ford, Sloan of General Motor" and others, directly blame the tariff threat as largely responsible. These hard realties explain the last minute doubts of the Reeds who wrote the bill. The issue is not high tariff versus low tariff. The issue is the existing high tariff versus a suicidal tariff which is destroying the prosperity it is supposed to protect. There is a practical way out. Kill the bill.

REASON B y TBBS*

THE nomination of James J. Davis for the senate from Pennsylvania recalls an incident of his campaign for a local office when he was employed in the tin mill at Elwood, Ind. His opponent charged that Davis could not read or write whereupon Davis appeared with a blackboard at a public meeting and demonstrated his proficiency, and that was the end of the opposition. a a it Senator Wesley Jones of the state of Washington sponsored the law providing for a five-year term for prohibition offenders and now that the state convention of his party has declared against prohibition, Jones announces that he will vote to amend or repeal the eighteenth amendment if his state wants it. If Jones loses out in politics, he would make a peachy acrobat for a circus. a m it AMBASSADOR DAWES is coming home from London for a month’s vacation. The terrific labors of an ambassador call for much relaxation. tt a a These maudlin people at Indianapolis who wasted their sympathy on this mother who abandoned her baby by the roadside on a rainy night should lavish some of their generosity upon the many mothers who slave day by day to support their children. a a a All men who fall for this new fashion which calls for short pants, rolled sex and bare legs should be arrested if they appear on the streets without bagpipes. a a a THESE contemplated church mergers will fail because this is one kind of merger which can not water the stock, increase rates and make the ultimate consumers pay them. n tt a President Hoover may attend the Frontier days celebration at Cheyenne, next July, but one's recollection of ex-President Coolidge on the screen in chaps, boors, spurs and ten-gallon hat causes one to hope that Mr. Hoover will not turn cowboy. a tt m The growling between Germany and Poland and the threats exchanged by France and Italy indicate that at least four European nations had their fingers crossed when they signed the Kellogg treaty, (Hittawtag m „

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ-

“Detectives of Sky” Achieved Surprising Results in Search for Missing Planet. THE suggestion that Pluto, as Planet X, now has been named officially, may be one of a number of Vviies similar to the asteroids, serves to recall the interesting story of th b asteroids themselves. The story of tne asteroids is the story of the “astronomical detective police” and the romance of a hunt so ra missing planet, which ended with surprising results. We must go back to the year 1772, four years before the American patriots signed the Declaration of Indeepndence, for the beginning of the story. In 1772, John Elert Bode published what became known as Bode’s law. He showed that the distance of the planets fro mthe sun increased in regular mathematical fashion. But the gap between Mars and Jupiter, on the basis of the law, was equal to the distance of two planets. In other words, there was a planet missing between Mars and Jupiter. The law did not receive much attention until almost a century later when in 1871, Sir William Herschel discovered the planet Uranus. The distance of Uranus from the sun was approximately that which Bode’s law required. So in 1800, Baron Franz Von Zach, director of the observatory at Gotha, Germany, organized twenty-four astronomers into what he jokingly called the astronomical detective police. They divided the sky among them and started a telescopic search for the missing planet which ought to have been between Mars and Jupiter.

Success TH E astronomical detectives worked all year without success, but on the night of Jan. 1, 1801, the first night of the nineteenth century, an Italian named Guiseppe Piazzi, at Palermo, Sicily, discovered a tiny planet in the gap. He named it Ceres, after the traditional goddess of the island. Astronomers were surprised by its size. But that was only the first of a series of surprises. A second tiny planet was discovered in the same gap in 1802, a third in 1804 and a fourth in 1807. No more were discovered until 1845. Since that day, however, about a thousand have been found. No two revolve in exactly the same orbit. Asteroids, as the tiny planets were named, are frequently discovered and then lost sight of. Occasionally old ones are rediscovered and mistaken for new ones. For this reason, astronomers constituted the Rechininstitut at Berlin as a clearing house for asteroids. The institute keeps tracks of asteroids, gives a number to new ones when verified and permits the discoverer to name it. The first ones were named after Greek gods. But they have since been named after nations, cities, colleges, friends of the discoverers and even steamboats and pet dogs. Shortly after the World war, a Belgian astronomer named one “Hooveria” in grateful recollection of President Hoover’s work in Belgium. Recently, Professor A. O. Leuschner, Dr. H. Thiele aand Mrs. M. W. Mekemson finished a manuscript which they undertook for the National Research Council three years ago. The manuscript to be published soon, assembles all the important work done upon the asteroids since the discovery of the first one.

Rare PROF. PERCIVAL LOWELL, who made the predictions which led to the discovery of Pluto, supposed that there was one large planet beyond Neptune. But Professor E. W. Brown, the -world's chief authority on celestial mechanics, has _uled that Pluto is not the trans-Neptunian planet predicted by Lowell. Its discovery in the Lowell orbit must be set down as a coincidence. The preliminary orbit worked out for Pluto shows that it has a most unusual orbit, an orbit which is almost comet-like. The orbit is so flattened that Pluto will sweep out into space more than 40,000,000,000 miles beyond the sun. It seems that Pluto was fortunately discovered when it was nearest to the sun. It now is sweeping out into open space and as a result may disappear for several centuries. Discovering it once more may prove a real task. Dr. John A. Miller, director of the Swathmore college observatory, advances thi theory that Pluto may be one or a great number of small planets of similar behavior. Such planets would sweep into the view of our telescopes only once every 5,000 or 10,000 years. He points out that some of these planets may have swept into view in the past, but that they escaped attention either for lack of good telescopes or because no one wps looking for them. Only time and study can verify Dr. Miller’s theory.

<J£w We/IThybu 9Cnow%urW6M FIVE QUESTIONS A OKC' ON FAMILIAR PASSAGES

1. What was Jacob’s ladder? 2. Finish the verse: “The fool hath said in his heart. ..” 3. Who said, "Though he slay me, yet will I trust him?” 4. What Old Testament king ate grass for a time? 5. What did Jesus say about the hairs of the head? Answers to Saturday's Queries 1. Zacchatus; Luke 19:1-9. , 2. The water from the well of Bethlehem, which he had longed for, and which three of his warriors brought him at the peril of their lives; II Samuel 23:14-17. 3. The prodigal son; Luke 15:-11-32. 4. “Come over into Macedonia, and help us.” Acts 16:9. 5. “Train up a child in the way he should go.” Proverbs 22:8. How much coal Is there in the world? How much was produced in 1928? I The estimated coal supply of the world is 7,863,556.000,000 metric tons, and the world production in 1928 was 1,444,000,0000 metric tons.

Ik V queer old bird is the pelicakrils BILL HOLDS MORE THAN HIS BELLICftH?

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE ‘lntellectuals’ Fail to Help Birth Rate

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. A GAIN and again the eugenlsts find it necessary to urge the higher mental types among mankind to propagate more efficiently. The condition is not unique in the United States or in England, but seems to occur all over the world. In an address delivered in Vienna recently by Professor Muckermann of Berlin, the figures were revealed as they concerned families of 4,000 university professors. It was found that 15 per cent of these families were childless, that the average number of children in each family was 2.8, and that about one-fourth of. the children died before they were married. Thus the children of the intellectual group are insufficient in number to replace the parents. Furthermore, not all the children are as

IT SEEMS TO ME“™r

ONE of the most amazing of modern miracles is the second blooming of Nicholas Murray Butler. I was reminded of the extraordinary change which has come oyer this man in middle age by reading the commencement address which he made at Columbia. In it Dr. Butler deplored what he called “the insulated life.” At the beginning he said, “There are comparatively few men and women alive in the world, although there are hundreds of millions of living beings.” i And nef.r the close he declared that intellectual insulation stops the flow “of that vitalizing current of spiritual and intellectual force which tuns living into life.” The marks of insulation, he added, are, "narrowness of knowledge, narrowness of conviction.” It was an interesting address, but it would have been still more fascinating had Dr. Butler added an even greater amount of autobiographical material. Fifteen or twenty years ago it would have been hard to find in all America any public man more completely insulated than Nicholas Murray Butler. I can go further back than that. It was Dr. Butler who in 1906 addressed the graduating class of Horade Mann High School and left them all tepid with a series of platitudes, in which the lads were urged to conform and bind

doAkrip tHcSTEPHENSON’S BIRTH June 9 ON June 9,1781, George Stephenson, English engineer and inventor, and the “founder of railways,” was born at Wylam, England. An ambitious boy, Stephenson was too poor to go to school. He worked on a farm and then, at the age of 17, became fireman and brakeman. He heard that the engines of Watt and Boulton were to be found described in books, so he went to night school in order to learn the elements of English and mathematics. In 1812 Stephenson became enginewright at KeUingworth, where he began his own experiments with the engine. While others had shown the practicality of fixed steam engines, no one had devised a means of imparting speed. After three years of experimenting Stephenson, in conjunction with Dodds, took out a patent for an improved engine which more than doubled the speed of the engines then existing. Thirteen years later Stephenson astonished every one, including himself, by the success of his “Rocket” in a celebrated competitive trial of locomotives over the Liverpool & Manchester Railway. The “Rocket” attained a speed of thirty-five miles an hour. Stephenson later founded and became the president of the first society of civil

Unnatural History

intellectual as their ancestors, for the simple reason that mixed marriages frequently occur in which one of the parents may be highly endowed mentally and the other poorly endowed. It was found that in a single generation there is a 43 per cent decrease in the average number of children to a family. It has been noted frequently that both in this country and abroad the children of peasants and of unskilled workmen are more numerous than the children of intellectuals and of skilled workmen. Among peasant families six or seven children were found frequently and the mortality is no greater than among the intellectual groups. It also is obvious throughout the world that the better educated, the skilled workmen, and the farseelng limit definitely the number of children so the family may have the

themselves by every existing respectable tradition. In the second row there sat a bright-faced lad who muttered under his breath, while the speech was still in progress, “If that isn’t a stuffec* shirt then I never saw one.” a a a Credit the Reformers THE bright-faced lad became a newspaper columnist called Heywood Broun, while Dr. Butler grew up to be one of the most dashing leaders of liberal thought. Dr. Butler was well into his 40’s when he started to grow. His liberalism is a by-product of the Volstead act. This benefit at least can be chalked down to the credit of the reformers. Anybody searching for liberals would be a fool to spend much time among college faculties. Few men of independent stripe emerge and those get weeded out or trodden down. Dr. Butler was one of the most conservative of educational executives. He suppressed professors because of their opinions, he got himself named as Vice-President on a stand-pat Republican ticket after the regular nominee for that office died. He was for everything powerful and smug and entrenched and against any and all new ideas. He was insulated. Indeed he was pretty much what the bright-faced little boy called him. But national prohibition scraped off the insulation. Dr. Butler came roaring out of his monastic cell and strode into the world of men and affairs. By now it’s perfectly respectable to be a wet, what with straw votes and one thing and another, all kinds of prominent people are beginning to stand up and declare themselves in opposition to the politic-religious tyranny. a a a--a Red Menace BUT when Dr. Butler began his fight it was pretty reprehensible to be anything but a bone dry. His attitude was an extraordinary one for a college professor. But the mere fact of being antiVolstead hardly would constitute a sufficient performance to entitle Dr. Butler to a place among liberal leaders. However, he went on and embraced other unpopular causes. At the age of 50-odd he had tasted the wine of non-conformity for the first time. I do not mean that Dr. Butler ever failed to hold his revolutionary impulses like a gentleman. Even now I think that few would be inclined to call him a Red Menace. He still is a member of the Republican party, but so is Norris. Much of his party’s program Dr. Butler has kicked in the face repeatedly. Seemingly, he repented of his own offenses against academic freedom during the mania induced by the last war or maybe he forgot them, for in recent years Dr. Butler has been a stalwart defender of all teachers placed in peril for opinion’s sake. Indeed at the moment I can think of scarcely a single Republican who

economic advantages that come with limitation of offspring. France has for years been concerned with the problem of limitation because of the unwillingness to break up estates into too many divisions. Obviously the answer to these questions must come from two points of view—education of the uneducated, the unintellectual, or the peasant groups, in methods of control of offspring, and in building sufficient public interest in this group so that it will consider the general good. Second, education of the intellectual, the skilled and the farsighted to the realization of their responsibility to the state. Finally, far more research is needed in all problems of eugenics, so that human breeding may begin to take advantage, at least to some extent, of the great advances made in the study of breeding of animals.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most Interesting writers and are presented without retard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attltnde ol this naner.—The Editor.

nearly approaches the creed of true liberalism. Dr. Butler is just as radical as Borah and twice as courageous. (Copyright. 1930. bv The Times)

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times— Hoover is my shepherd, and I am in want. He maketh me to lie down on the park benches. He leadeth me beside the free soup houses. He restoreth my doubt in politics and party. He leadeth me in the path of destruction for his party’s sake. Yea! though I walk through the valley of starvation, I fear evil; for thou art against me; thy politicians and thy profiteers they do frighten me. Thou preparest reduction in wages before me in the presence of mine enemies. Thou anointest my income with taxes; my expenses overrunneth my income. Surely poverty and unemplbyment will follow me all the days of this administration and I will dwell in a rented house forever. A READER. Where are the largest deserts in the United States and in the world? The Great American desert is the largest in the United States, and the Sahara is the largest in the world.

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.JUNE 9, 1930

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Carol Is Back on the Throne of Rumania Because of An Illusionment That Has Swayed Man Since the Dawn of Consciousness. ¥7' INSTEIN announces anew theory and Carol becomes king of Runania. The best thing about either of these events is that it gives us Americans a chance to talk about something besides prohibition and the tariff. Those who have the nerve are welcome to Einstein, but this writer will stay with Carol for the time being, at least. Like Professor Whitehead of Boston, he thinks that the Einstein theory is much more complicated than the newspaper reports indicate, and that plenty of time should be taken before commenting on it. Besides, this writer is not worried particularly about the question as to whether the great void is composed of space or ether, since it looks as though we poor human beings could not do much about it in either case. Though the problem presented by Carol is much simpler, it still is complicated enough to intrigue, those who do crossword puzzles or bet on the races. Better still, it is elementally human. Had it cropped up in the form of a novel, one doubts whether it would have gotten by the censors. Most certainly, it would not have gotten by them in Boston.

Career Is Hectic FIRST. Prince Carol runs away from the army to marry a major’s daughter, and during the war, at that. Mamma Marie weeps, Papa Ferdinand scolds, and the supreme court of Rumania orders a divorce. Carol finds himself not only compelled to give up his pretty Zizi Lambrino, but jailed for twenty-five days on charges of desertion. To get out of the scrape, he takes a trip around-the-world, from which he returns an apparently chastened youth and marries the Princess Helen. They are not happy, but endure each other long enough to produce an heir. Three or four years later, Carol runs across a junkman’s daughter, falls in love with her, renounces his right to the throne, deserts the Princess Helen and his little son Michael, and Is hailed by so-called liberals as proving how thoroughly the world has been saved from democracy. n IN the course of events, Papa Ferdinand dies, there is a grand mixup in Rumanian politics, and because no one can think of anything better, 5-year-old Michael is placed on the throne. Prince Carol appears content with this solution of the mess, especially since it leaves him free to live in France with his latest affinity, Mme. Lepescu, a shining example of the new political and social order. He has learned enough, however, not to marry the lady, which causes some people to suspect that, in spite of all the balderdash, he still has an eye on the Rumanian throne. n Another Illusion THOSE people turn out to be right. It wasn’t love, but adventure. He is the kind who doesn’t give up anything or stick to anything permanently. But he’s tack on the throne, with the royal family ready to forgive, the parliament ready to submit, the deserted wife ready to resume, and the 9-year-old son ready to quit playing at the king business. More important than all else, he’s there, not because of anything he did himself or failed to do, but because of an illusionment which has afflicted humanity since the dawn of consciousness. u It's All Garbled THERE are hundreds of men in Rumania who would make better kings than Carol, but they were not born of the royal breed, their names lack magic, and for that reason the multitude could not be swayed so easily by their appearance. So it becomes necessary for the politicians to bring back the pedigreed prince, regardless of what he is or what he has done. Einstein may be able to frame equations that prove the unity of the cosmos, but neither he nor any one else can frame equations to square that kind of politics with what average people teach their children about virtue, morality, justice, and the reward of merit. Yet the latter proposition is of more importance to humanity than the former. What are protozoa? The simplest form of animal life.