Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 15, Indianapolis, Marion County, 28 May 1930 — Page 4

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J f * I P P.l • MOW AMD

Supreme Court Upholds Labor Labor has learned how to turn the injunction .weapon against the anU-labor employers who have used it so long to destroy unions. That is the significance of the United States supreme court decision 'Monday in the railway union case. The court upheld the injunction obtained by the Brotherhood of Railway and Steamship Clerics restraining the Texas & New Orleans railroad from •recognizing a so-called company union instead of the -labor union. T Labor thus won a two-fold legal victory. At one sweep it utilized the injunction weapon for its own •purposes, and at the same time delivered a body blow 'to its worst enemy, the company union, i We believe, however, that labor would be most unwise in counting much on this precedent for future -use of the injunction weapon. In most cases that -weapon will be found as improper in the hands of Jabor as when used as a club by employers. Moreover, labor for a long time to come will not find s many judges ready to grant pro-labor injunctions, even in valid cases, as there are judges anxious to misuse this dangerous weapon unjustly in favor of employers. Therefore, the unions should not let this supreme .court decision turn their hands from the major task .of remedial legislation, such as the Shipstead bill, drastically restricting the legal use of injunctions. Such considerations, ot course, do not detract from the value of the supreme court decision as a precedent in the limited field covered by this particular case. In this instance labor was fortunate in having been, in effect, the joint author of the law directly bearing on the dispute at issue. Thus the railway labor act of expressly made it illegal for either a railway company or its employes to coerce or interfere with the 'other in designating representatives for the purpose of conference and negotiations. Here was virtually an air-tight law protecting labors rights to organize, equally with the rights of employers. The courts which can find loopholes in such -protective legislation as the Clayton anti-trust act apparently will not be able to get around or through the guarantees of the later railway labor act. In anticipation of the cry of anti-labor rorces that ‘this decision by the normally conservative supreme •court is a partisan and radical labor decision •bludgeoned out of that court by the recent senatorial confirmation fights against the conservative Hughes And Parker, the following quotation from the decision ‘will show that the court did no more than hold evenly the scales of justice. J ‘ The legality of collective action on the part of employes in order to safeguard their proper interests is not to be disputed. The prohibition by congress of interference with the selection of representatives for the purpose of negotiation and conference, instead of being an invasion of the constitutional right of •either, was based on the recognition of the rights of Tx>th. ... ’ “Such collective action would be a mockery if representation were made futile by interference with •freedom of choice.”

The Naval Treaty Immediate consideration and ratification of the ■London naval treaty is imperative. Such action is necessary in fairness to the treaty itself and to the -foreign nations which joined us in signing it. - For parliamentary reasons, “immediate consideration” means next month-a few matters such as the tariff and deficiency appropriation bills, already .under way before receipt of the treaty, have to be disposed of while they are in hand. But after that nothing should be allowed to shove aside the treaty. ; whether senate treaty consideration in June is to be described as the closing work of the regular session of congress, or the sole work of a brief special session, is a matter of parliamentary convenience .of no importance to the public. I Therefore, the President’s reported willingness to ’accept the plan of his party leaders in congress to call it a special treaty session-thus permitting the •lower house to adjourn—probably will facilitate irather than delay final ratification. There is sincere opposition to the treaty. But it j s very small and is limited almost exclusively to 'the so-called big navy group, led by elderly admirals. ■Virtually all the liberal critics of the treaty believe •that a better treaty could have been obtained, in dine with Hoover’s pre-conference reduction pledges; •but as realists they feel that the half loaf should be accepted now. The naval building program is a separate issue. , , . . ’ The pro-treaty forces thus are overwhelming in }he country, and in the senate, where they combine Hhe administration, the Democratic leaders and •Chairman Borah of the foreign relations committee. There is no chance of defeating the treaty except by prolonged delay. The nation will stand behind 'the President if he has to face that. - The Engineer in Politics ; Can a man run our federal government on the Same lines of action as he might dig another Panama ; C anal or build another Muscle Shoals dam? This is ’the great question brought up by the Hoover administration., It is dealt with trenchantly by Walter ;Lippmann in Harper's Magazine. t Lippmann points out that Mr. Hoover is the first •President who is a product of modem publicity jmethods: “He is, in fact, the first American President whose whole public career has been presented ‘through the machinery of modern publicity. The Hoover legend, the public stereotype of an ideal Hoover, was contrived consciously.” This legend, which helped mightily in assisting Hoover to be nominated and elected, proves a handicap in the actual administration of his duties. It is ihard for him to live up to the reputation created for ‘him by his publicity agents: * ‘Tor the ideal picture presents him as the master 'organizer the irresistible engineer, the supreme econ- • omist ... It is depressing to be elevated too high. ;and it is depressing to be a master organizer with a .disobedient congress on your hands, or to be an Irresistible engineer with wfts and drys on the rampage, or a supreme economist at the tail end of a bull market.” Lippmann believes that the great weakness of JHoover is his shortcoming?’as a practical political leader. When he has a purely administrative task and full authority he is likely to do a splendid Job. ®ut this is not practical politics in a federal democracy. To succeed here one must be able and willing to piix in the hurly-burly of controversy and to give and take without losing one’s head. This Hoover seems incapable of doing. He shrinks, hesitates, and is lost, surrendering his often sound ideas because fee would rather lose than to lead a timely flghtfer his 'Sinciples: 1 "My own notion is that a dose examination of

The Indianapolis Times li SCBIPPB-BOWABD NEWSPAPER) trwned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Tlmea Publishing Cos. 214-220 Went Maryland Street. Indlanapolia, Ind. Price In Marion County. 2 rente a copy: daewbere. 3 eenta- delivered by carrier. 12 rente a week. BOTl> OIK LET. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor Provident Business Manager rHONK kTipt Mil WEDNESDAY, MAY 28, 1830 Member of lotted Press, Scrippa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Assocfatlou. Newspaper Information Service and Audi! Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Hoover’s conduct in critical matters will disclose a strange weakness which renders him indecisive at the point where the battle can be won or lost; further examination would show, too, I think, that this weakness appears at the point where In order to win he would have to Intervene in the hurly-burly of conflicting wills which are the living tissue of popular government; that he is baffled and worried, and his action paralyzed by his own inexperience in the very special business of democracy. “Even during the war, when his fame was worldwide and nls prestige incalculably great, it was known in Washington that the attack of a relatively obscure man like Senator Reed of Missouri could rattle him for days. He can face with equanimity almost any of the difficulties of statesmanship except the open conflicts of wilL, he falters only when he has to act in the mediu n os democracy.” A large part of Hoover’s failure, according to Lippmann, was due to inability of the American people to understand chat the American federal government presents problems markedly different from an engineering enterprise. or a simple business unit which call for nothing more than intelligence, honesty, and industry: “The popular notion that administering a government is like administering a private corporation, that it is just business, or housekeeping, or engineering, is a misunderstanding. The political art deals with matters peculiar to politics, with a complex of material circumstances, of historic deposit, of human passion, for which the problems of business engineering as such do not provide an analogy.” Doubtless the trouble Is not all in engineering. Something must be ascribed to Hoover's own peculiar temperament. Some engineers might make superlative politicians. But Hoover has shown that competence as an engineer or a captain.of industry is not enough in Itself to make a great President of the United States. Another Hair Shirt Periodically, especially at times when the President is taken ill, discussion arises as to whether it is possible for one man to live under the burden of the greatest and most exacting job in the world. Woodrow Wilson was taken before his time by the strain of the office. The death o* Harding brought forth many proposals for cutting down that burden. Yet, in face of all that, .t now is proposed to hand to our chief executive another task. Should the Hawley-Smo”t tariff bill become a law, the President would face the possible job of passing on some three thousand-odd schedules, ranging from goldfish to gondolas. The queer thing about it all is that Hoover actually seerns to want the extra labor. But is it well for the country to permit its President to become too much of a glutton for toil and punishment?

Wall Street and the Tariff It is not often that you find the voice of Wall Street raised in favor of lower tariff duties. But the current issue of the Magazine of Wall Street presents an editorial which is as sharply critical of the pending tariff bill as anything that Senator Moses’ “sons of wild jackasses” have ever said. The editorial begins by asserting that a policy of protection was needed by this country throughout the early part of its existence; but it adds that times have changed so that protection is not the boon it once was. “We have had free trade on a continental scale, despite the tariff barrier at the boundaries,” says the magazine. “Now we require, not free trade, but greater freedom o trade abroad. The policy that was good for 100 years will be a handicap in the future. The new tariff law will be recorded later as an act of folly—obstructive to foreign trade and contrary to manifest destiny.” Chris Cagle can now tell the Army Athletic Association, which had a gold saber ready to present to him at the June graduation, to charge it. The mayor of Providence, R. 1., has made the first formal protest against the official population statistics of his city. He just can’t believe his census. “Marriage is an adventure—like going to war,” G. K. Chesterton. And that’s why you march to the altar.

REASON

A PHOTOGRAPH of a man’s head, so small that 400 of them would go on the head of a pin is on exhibition at London. The way they yielded to Japan’s demands for an increased ratio, it should be easy for this artist to place on the same surface an unlimited number of photos of our delegates to the London conference. tt it tt The fact that Senator Borah favors the ratification of this agreement gives President Hoover the greatest shock of rds administration and probably will cause him to go over the pact with a magnifying •jlass. tt it a IF, as Senator Hiram Johnson claims, Japan accepted the 5-5-3 ratio at the Washington naval conference, only when we agreed to surrender our naval bases in the Pacific, then the increase of her ratio at London would appear to give us the right to resume those bases. a a a We do not blame Coolidge for refusing to let the camera men take pictures of his moving, for you know how things look when they are on a dray. a a a A lot of self-advertisers have gone about, layNig wreaths on the various tombs of the Unknown Soldier, but there was dramatic reverence in it when the Gold Star mothers of America paid their respects to the Unknown Soldier of France. a a a Chicago is now fighting the rest of the state of Illinois ov'T the question of increased taxation. 1 Our Revolutionary fathers fought taxation without representation and ever since then their descendants have been fighting taxation with it. mam THE Kentucky Derby was the noble horse's haughty defiance of the automobile and the coming speedway race at Indianapolis on Memorial day will be the gasoline drinking quadruped’s withering reply. a a a Nicholas Murray Butler is in London, burning incense at the feet o* John Bull, but the American spirit finds solace in the fact that Ambassador Dawes did not wear knee pants at the British court. Had he only smoked his pipe, our joy would be unconfined! a a a Secretary of War Hurley declares that the Philippines ace cot capable of self goverqjpent. It’s a good thing for Chicago that she got hers a Inner time aCO. * L

Rv FREDERICK y LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES.

M. E. Tracy SAYS: This Is the Twentieth Century, but England Is the England of Old, India Is the India of Old. 'T'HE buyer of hooch for personal consumption commits no crime, according to the supreme court; Seventy-seven per cent of Princeton seniors drink; Mississippi alone has 8,000 cases of paralysis caused by “jake”; Roy C. Lyle, prohibition commissioner for the northwest, together with several assistants and associates, is indicted by a federal grand jury for conspiracy to violate the prohibition law: Only to mention a few of the items appearing in Tuesday’s papers as the result of our "noble experiment.” u Miss Laura Ingalls, New York aviatrix, breaks her own record by looping the loop 980 times. It is an astounding feat, but what does it prove, except the endurance of which one woman is capable? To loop the loop a reasonable number of times was necessary to develop the art of flying, but to do so an unreasonable number of times merely is tempting fate. Still, a record is a record, whether made in a six-day bicycle race, a pie-eating contest, or some daredevil stunt. tt tt tt Another Gesture Raymond duncan leads his brigade to the Battery in New York, fills his bucket with dirty water and returns to undertake, over an electric furnace, the arduous process of extracting the salt it contains. He will send the salt to Mahatma Gandhi as a token of sympathy and esteem, which is far better for his bodily health than if he had to eat it. “Just the sincere gesture of a simple soul,” he says, in describing the enterprise, though he admits that some people may regard it as “a sort of joke.” Some people may, but others will take a meaner view and interpret it as a publicity stunt. tt tt tt

Private salt making in New York is -a far different matter from private salt making in India. First, there is no law against it; second, there is no revolution to lend it significance; third, there is mighty little of it in the water, and that little is too filthy for consumption. Gandhi sympathizers need not be very original to discover a more practical way of showing their respect, or helping his cause. They might, for instance, write him a nice letter and inclose a dollar bill. a a tt Reform Demanded MEANWHILE, the English parliament is informed that the trouble in India is not due to a coherent uprising, but to sporadic outbursts of discontent. Asa general proposition, that may be true, but sporadic outbursts of discontent have a way of coalescing, especially if there is ground for general dissatisfaction. No one can read recent. Indian history and doubt that such ground exists, that not only the illiterate millions, but many of their ablest leaders, demand reform. In itself, the Gandhi movement could be explained as the impulsive upheaval of mass emotionalism in response to leadership of a fanatical idealist. So, txxv the striking and rioting could be explained as the result of Communist agitation. But such a congress as assembled at Lahore last winter and such a solemn declaration as it made, suggest deeper sources of trouble. a a a Not the British Way IT was not to be expected that the MacDonald government would compromise with the Indian rebels under existing conditions. That is not the British way, and B: irons are Britons when it comes to a pinch, no matter to what party they belong. Outsiders are unintelligent if they look for a labor administration to act much different from that of the Tories when the British empire is threatened. Only a few left-wingers have been weaned from the hard-headed traditions which have held that empire intact through nine centuries of storm and stress. As far as the Gandhi revolution is concerned, it represents nothing new to the average Englishman, who remembers the “Black Hole of Calcutta,” the siege of Lahore, and accepts the work of Clive and Lora Hastings as proving how the situation ought to be handled. To sum it up, regardless of the twentieth century, with its curious machinery and still more curious ideas, India still is India, and England still is England.

-nCOAST 16 TH£“

WILLIAM PITTS BIUTH May 28.

ON May 28, 1759, William Pitt, an English statesman, often referred to as the Younger Pitt to distinguish him from his father, William Pitt, the first earl of Chatham, was born at Hayes, England. After his studies at Cambridge, Pitt entered parliament. At the age of 23 he became chancellor of the exchequer, and, at 25, was regarded as one of England’s most powerful prime ministers. He ruled absolutely over the cabinet and became the favorite of the king, of parliament and of the nation. From this time the life of Pitt becomes the history of England. For seventeen years he held his great position without a break. His succes c f il leadership of the government during the Anglo-French war led his admirers to confer on him the title of “the pilot that weathered the storm.” His persistent enmity to Napoleon contributed much toward the overthrow of the emperor. In 1800, Pitt effected the union with Ireland, but, chagrined because the king had frustrated his Catholic enancipation measures, he resigned office the next year.

t 3%)

Swollen Feet Hint at Heart Trouble

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. SWELLING of the tissues due to water may occur in a variety of conditions. With certain deficient diets, with varicose veins, with certain forms of anemia or changes in the blood, the tissues may swell. There are several varieties of puffy, swollen or thickened feet and ankles associated with heart disease or kidney disease. When these organs do not function properly they do not move fluid around the body or get rid of fluid through the proper organs. Swelling Is due entirely to fat in some cases, to excess water in others, and to both water and fat in others.

IT SEEMS TO ME

THE president of the Texas Corporation has had his attention called to the fact that I have become the owner of ten shares of stock. He writes to say that he appreciates my confidence in the company. Os course, I don’t suppose he actually saw the note or signed it with his own hand, but I will say for our organization that the rubber stamp appears to be a most convincing one. Naturally it is heartening to be welcomed into the club in this friendly fashion. I had feared that I might have to call upon the house committee and that one blackball would keep me out. But they have let me in on the ground floor without any of these formalities. My name has been placed on the mailing list of the Texaco Star, which will be sent from time to time. The precise character of our house organ is still unknown to me. Whether we go in for sex or confine ourselves to gasoline I do not know. But naturally I shall be waiting all agog when next the postman’s patter is heard upon the stairs. tt tt tt Horns of Dilemma AND yet everything about my new affiliation is altogether happy. I find that my holdings place me in a decidedly embarrassing position. ' You see Mr. R. C. Holmes, our president, says, among other things, “You can aid us very materially by using our motor oils and gasoline and any other petroleum products you may require. There’s the rub, because, to be frank about it, I am also the owner of ten shares of the Standard Oil Company of New York. My loyalty is split. Not since Robert E. Lee decided to throw in his lot with the confederacy has any man ever been in such predicament. When the crisis comes should I stick with Standard or go completely Texas? I seem to see myself midway between two filling stations on a Sunday afternoon surrounded by heavy traffic. And the oafs on every hand will honk when I stop, lean upon my wheel and ponder. How can they know that if they are delayed for

V/ow WeJ/TkTYbu I iCitovffiurßibk? 1 FIVE QUESTIONS A DAY* gk ON FAMILIAR PASSAGES K

1. Locate the expression, “Vanity of vanities.” 2. What was “the upper room?” 3. Who was Vashti? 4. Who said, “Charity shall cover the multitude of sins?” 5. Finish the question, “How shall we escape, if we neglect ...” Answers to Yesterday’s Queries. 1. They could not be changed. See Esther 1:19. 2. Matthias: Acts 1:26. 3. A woman who sheltered two spies sent by Joshua into Jericho; Joshua 2:1-14. 4. “There is no respect of persons with God.” .Romans 2:IL 5. Gabriel, Luke 1:19, 26, etc.; and Michael., Revelation 12:7.

■Fly' Time!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

In a consideration of the various causes of this condition, Dr. A. A. Osman of Guy’s hospital in England finds the explanation for some cases in an acid condition of the body resulting from various disturbances of the chemistry of the human organism. In those cases in which the acid reaction was primarily responsible, the condition was overcome by giving salts by mouth which tend to raise the alkalinity of the tissue. It is important to realize that the swelling of the feet is a symptom of what may sometimes be a serious disorder, and that it cannot be overcome by more walking or exercise, by massage by bandaging, or by anything put on from the outside. The attack on the condition must

HEYWOOD y BROUN

an hour or so it’s because before them sits a human soul in agony ? I’ve been with the Standard now for almost three months. I came in at the time that financial giants were advising the general public to buy sound stocks for cash, lock them in a vault and forget about them. I did all that except the forgetting. How can I forget when one day I see Standard Oil of New York quoted at 35 and four days later it has moved all the way up to 3514? Securities which move about like that must be closely watched by the business, man who is intent upon setting aside a nest egg for his descendants. But what will the descendants do with the $325.12 which I have amassed for them? As like as not it will be scattered to the winds by some later Broun who has not learned that the world is full of skeptics who will not hesitate to call even if the player knocks his knuckles on the table and boldly sajrs, “I’ll stand pat.” u tt n Easy Come AND anyhow, loyalty should not go by seniority alone. The Texas Corporation has been much more cordial. Nobody in the Standard seemed to give a hang whether I was a shareholder or not. They haven’t made a move to send

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—l think, considering things as a poor man, that these big guns, such t s Henry Ford and other manufacturing specialists, have a hidden motive and that this high tariff would be a good thing if it is put into effect. I, for one, hope that it is. It is exactly what we need, a good jolt to make these men come to earth. All you can hear now is hard times. Why not let them get a good taste of it? You know why they do not want the tariff, if you can see as clearly as I can. It would hurt them. They do not care about the little fellow, men who have to work and who can not get work enough to support their families. I know of several families living on practically nothing just because these big fellows, such as Henry Ford and General Motors, lost heavily in the stock market. Now it is high time that they suffer, also. I see several big manufacturers of Indianapolis do not want this high tariff. I think just the opposite from what Henry Ford said in The Times last week. I am a man without a job, like many other men, C. G. A.

Daily Thought

Evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow him.—Psalms 140:11. a a a 'Tno escape from evil we must be X made as far as possible like God; and the resemblance consists in becoming Just and holy and wise. —Plato.

be made only after a thorough analysis of the basic cause. When such analysis Is made and the proper correction undertaken, the condition usually clears up promptly. If the underlying condition is a deficiency of the heart, this must be controlled by proper rest and by treatment to strengthen the heart’s action; if tbe deficiency is in the kidneys, a suitable diet will take some of the strain off the eliminating function. If the diet is at fault so as to accumulate acid In the system, an alkaline diet and alkaline preparations which a physician may prescribe will be of service. If the force of gravity and varicose veins are largely responsible, these may be controlled by the injection method or by surgical operation.

(deals and opinions expressed !n this column are those of ane o i America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to (heir agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude ot this naner.—The Editor.

me any picture paper. Still, I must admit that without quibble or question they sent me a dividend check of $4. It was the first dividend check I had ever received and it almost converted me to complete faith in the ■ capitalistic system. Here was the money rolling in without my having to lift a finger. I didn’t have to go out on the stage of a theater to tell jokes or hurry down to the office and write a column. The $4 would have come gallumphing to my door even if I had been fast asleep or idling away my waking hours. I am beginning to get some comprehension of the power of money. Why be a wage slave when the Standard will take over from me the responsibility of toiling? “How long has this been going on,” I said to myself as I fingered the check lovingly. And then, like the born skeptic that I am, the thought flashed across my mind, “I wonder if they’re good for it.” In justice to the reputation of the Standard I should add that subsequent events proved that they were. With this windfall in my lap I naturally decided to give a big party. It did prove necessary to add SSO out of my own personal fortune on account of the fact that the place where we went had a cover charge. But, of course, the Standard of New York was not responsible for that. And in three months more there will be another cneck for $4 and after that another. “James, my hat and gloves and stick, if you please, I plan to promenade along Fifth avenue. James, I am from this day forth the possessor of an unearned income.”

Now ... appoint thi* Bank , as executor to carry on * your plans ... to replace your personal responsibility with its organized responsibility. Washington Bank&Trust Cos. 255 IV, 'Washington St. *

•MAY 28, 1930

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ Observation of Skies Will Teach Student of Stars a Great Deal of Celestial Mechanics. THE beautiful star-like object which glows in the twilight in the western sky is Venus, sisterplanet to our own earth. At present, Venus appears about fifty times as bright as a first magnitude star. If the planet Venus is observed each night, and its position with reference to nearby stars noted, it will be observed that the planet is moving eastward in the sky. This movement of Venus among the stars is a motion common to all planets and accounts for the name, planet, which comes from the Greek and means “wanderer.” The Greeks noted that while the stars always kept their positions with reference to one another, so that the configuration of the constellations was always exactly the same, the planets wandered back and forth among the stars. ' The subject of planetary motions is rather an involved one and the average layman, picking up a book on astronomy, feeic that the subject Is highly comr.lfx and difficult to master. ( The difficulties disappear to a large extent, however, If thg reader is willing to do some actual observation. The reader who will watch the motion.', of the planet Venus through the summer will be surprised to find how easy it is to grasp the fundamentals of what the astronomer calls celestial mechanics. tt tt Flight IMAGINE yourself standing upon the north pole. Imagine, further, that a rocket has been perfected which will travel out into space. Let us suppose that you point your rocket so that its flight will represent a continuation of the earth’s axis end that you take off from the north pole. You have flown, we will imagine, a few trillion miles and now you halt your rocket and look back in the direction of the earth. Far below you will see not only the earth, but the entire solar system. At the center is the sun. Tts sun, you will note, rotates upon itl axis in a counter-clockwise fashion, that is opposite to the direction of the hands of a clock. Then you will note eight planets. These rotate upon their axis, also In a counter-clockwise direction. They also revolve about the sun In coun-ter-clockwise direction. (You - will also notice some other objects, asteroids, comets and the new Planet X, but we shall ignore them for the present.) Looking closer, you will note that some of the planets have moons or satellites. These satellites, with only a few exceptions, also revolve around their planets in a counterclockwise direction. These counter-clockwise motions are the fundamental motions in the solar system. Observing them, one is led to the conclusion that they are due to some circumstance which attended the birth or origin of the solar system. But that, as Mr. Kipling would say, is another story, and must be left for another day. a a u Motion • NOW let us reverse the rocket and return to earth and ouserve the heavens from our own back yards. We note that Just as the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so the moon, the planets and the stars appear to do the same. This obviously is an apparent motion due to the rotation of the earth upon its axis from west to east. Next we note that the sun, moon and planets are moving with reference to the stars. The moon moves most rapidly. If we note its position tonight with reference to the stars, we find it has moved 13 degrees to the east by tomorrow night. This is due to the fact that the moon is revolving around the earth. When we turn to the sun, we find that its position with reference to the stars shifts one degree to the east each day. This, we realize, as a result of our rocket journey, Is an apparent motion of the sun which results from the real motion of the earth around the sun. The movement of the planets Is in general eastward among the stars, but sometimes there Is also a smaller amount of motion to the west. The motion of any given planet, therefore. Is a combination of its real motion plus the apparent motion which results from the earth's real motion. The general eastward motion or a planet's position with reference to the stars is the result of the earth’s real revolution around the sun. To this general eastward motion are added irregularities which are the result of the planet’s real * motion.