Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 312, Indianapolis, Marion County, 10 May 1930 — Page 4

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Mother’s Day Os all the anniversaries and holidays, none should be more sacred than Mother s day. Living mothers will receive messages. Those who have passed from earth will be remembered with moist eye and bowed head. And by each motherhood is elevated to sainthood and men and women become softer and better and less sordid as they realize more clearly what the world owes to the mothers of men. Every step in progress made by the world since men dwelt in caves has been inspired by some mother. The fathers have started wars. Mothers have stopped them. The fathers have led in the discovery of new lands and inspired adventure into strange places. The mothers have made those newly discovered lands civilized and happy. The love of a mother for the child is the one eternal force in the world. It outlasts disgrace. It follows the felon to his cell and a President to the White House, and is no less at the gallows than at the throne. Whenever friends prove false and the days grow dark there is always one to w r hom the hurt and disillusioned may turn and find sympathy and solace. And it is from her who teaches the baby lips to prattle prayers that all the inspiration for better things have come.

Shorten the Ballot hen the two state conventions of political parties are held, those who draft the platforms could do worse than to pledge their candidates for the legsilature to a shorter ballot. Repeal of the primary law will not give the government back to the people. It would simply mean that the bosses and selfish interests will have to buy fewer agents to do their bidding. Under present conditions the people have very little to say about their government. The multitude of elective offices makes intelligent voting difficult if not impossible. It leaves the door open to all sorts of abuses. Cutting down the list of elective offices to the minimum, making a few offices attractive by salarisa to men of ability and providing for the recall of false servants might keep alive self government which has become only a theory through the complexity of its own machinery.

Killing the Goose ♦ In this decade, a seemingly impossible economic phenomenon has developed in America. It is made up of the following apparently paradoxical parts: Higher wages, shorter hours, lower prices, bigger profits. It goes against the economic philosophy of all time. But it works. Its name is—mass production. It has been made possible through invention, standardization, elimination of waste —through application of imagination to industry. We have witnessed the wonder most spectacularly in the history of the Ford Motor Company, but that history is typical of hundreds of other similar industrial achievements. The key to continued success of the mass production idea necessarily must be found in an evvwidcning market. It would cost innumerable thousands of dollars to build just one Ford car. But if you can build enough Ford cars, you can sell them profitably at a few hundred dollars each. The more you sell, the more the possibility of further reducing the price. As the price is reduced, more can afford to buy. So the market is widened. Thus the process evolves, lower prices, high profits, better wages, shorter hours. But all along, the success of mass production hinges on a mass market. So long as the market continues to grow, so long as the buying demand expands, the mass producer can continue along the line that has characterized Ford's remarkable de-velopment-cutting prices, increasing wages, shortening hours and increasing profits. But when the market fails to expand, when it begins to contract, when it can no longer be stimulated by reduced prices, then trouble, and serious trouble, starts. For mass production involves tremendous fixed capital investment in plant and machinery. If you have a plant geared up to great production and are unable to sell its capacity, you are in for trouble. Your fixed capital charge eats you up and jour whole structure becomes topheavy. Our economic troubles today are not due, as they were in Biblical tunes, to famine. They are due to plenty —to overproduction and underconsumption. Anything, therefore, that tends to cut consumption threatens the whole phenomenon, which, if it can be continued, constitutes, as President Hoover has said, the greatest single step in all time toward the abolition of poverty. Unemployment, reduced wages, or any other economic act that reduces purchasing power works toward destruction of the whole mass production idea. Now there is a natural limit to the consumption capacity even of these great United States. Stimulated and speeded up though the consumption idea has been—with the luxury of yesterday transformed into the necessity of today—the demand has not kept up with supply. That's what's wrong with us now. We are temporarily at the “saturation point.” What is the way out? Obviously—more markets. That means foreign markets. And what are we going to do about it? We ere building a tariff wall around America. We are Inviting reprisals. We are shrinking our markets. We are killing the goose that has laid our go Wen egg. Nobody knows better than Herbert Hoover the philosophy of mass production and how mass production works. His speeches in the campaign time and again expressed that philosophy. It is inconceivable that Hobver, knowing what he does, will sign the tariff bill. The Supreme Court Nominee Owen J. Roberts of Philadelphia has been nominated for the supreme court bench by President Hoover. Roberts, known favorably to tar his work in the government's oi"' v kjly

The Indianapolis Times (A sciprmow*RD newspaper) Oroed and publlibed dally (except Sunday) by Tbe Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos. 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapoila, (nd. Price In Marion County, BOYD GURLEY. BOT W HOWARD. PRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley M6l BATURDAT, MAT 10, 1930. Member of United Press, Serippn-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newapaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Serrlce and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way”

to be confirmed by the senate and to prove an excellent servant of the public, in the high court. Thoce. however, who have not missed the meaning of the two recent senate battles will regret that the President again has acted with such haste in making the appointment. By doing so, the President has not given the senate, much less the public, time in which to consider possible candidates. On the theory that the President is acting in the public's behalf, he should sound public opinion before making a life appointment to the most powerful of all American institutions. Indeed, he is required, both by the letter and the spirit of the Constitution, to obtain the “advice” as well as the “consent" of the senate. But in the cases of Hughes and Parker, and now of Roberts, the President has acted with such speed as to prevent considered judgment of others. Altogether apart from the merits or demerits of the Hoover nominations, this certainly is an unwise departure in method and is dangerous if it is to become a precedent. Roberts, as well as one can estimate on such brief notice, is a good man for the supreme court. He has an exceptional record of professional achievement and national service in the prosecution of the oil cases. His intellectual standing is attested not only by his career as a trial lawyer, but also as a teacher of law. How far his associations as a corporation attorney have colored his thinking on economic questions and questions involving human rights will remain to be seen. He doubtless will be happy to discuss this subject with the senate judiciary committee when the committee, in the course of its duty, makes the customary investigation of the nominee’s qualifications. Roberts is not known as a “liberal,” but, in our judgment, that is not essentiol. So long as he is a man )f legal eminence and integrity, whose mind is open ind critical and who has no desire to read his own prejudices into the Constitution and the laws of congress, he should not be disqualified ay those whose personal convictions may be more liberal than his )wn.

2 Plus 2 Equals 120 “Willie, if the income of America* olive growers is increased $200,000 a year by the tariff how much more will American consumers have to pay for their olive oil?” "Why, $200,000, of course, teacher." “You are wrong, Willie. If the growers make an additional $200,000 it will co6t the consumers an extra $12,000,000.” “But, teacher, that means that the people pay S6O for every dollar the grower gets.” “Yes, Willie, that’s right.” “But, please teacher, that doesn't sound right.” “None of your back talk, Willie. That's what it says in the Grundy tariff bill—it’s got to be right. Next pupil!” * * “Mary, if the sugar tariff makes $59,000,000 more for the sugar farmers, how much will it cost the consumers?” “The same amount, teacher—ss9,ooo,ooo.’’ ‘‘You are stupid this morning, Mary. For the farmers to make $59,000,000 more, the consumers must pay $384,000,000.” “May I ask a question, teacher?” “What is it?” “Why should the people have to pay $6 for every dollar the sugar tariff brings the fanner, please?” we are wasting time. The class is dismissed until you learn your new Grundy arithmetic.”

The Old Soldiers Pass On In 1920, the United States census takers found 1,551 war veterans occupying the Illinois Soldiers home at Quincy, 111 A few days ago tlfe 1930 enumerators finished their count. They found just 631 of the veterans left, and they are dying at the rate of ten a month. The survivors of the war between the states are growing fewer and fewer, as that dreadful conflict recedes farther and farther into history. By 1940 it is probable that few soldiers’ homes will house any of them. It is hard to see them gu. Their valor, their unquestioning patriotism, have been a leaven in the life of the nation for decades, north and south alike. We are losing something of great value in their departure.

REASON By TS CK

RUTH HANNA M'CORMICK’S statement that she spent more than a quarter million dollars in the senatorial primary takes away much of her appeal as a political figure, for there is no romance in an achievement gainid in any degree by money. a an The margin by w-hich she won argues that she would have won without it, and it is a tragedy that the first woman nominated for the senate could not have come clean, particularly since women were expected to purify politics. • a a OF course, there was a bale of human nature in her campaign, for she fought the man who beat her husband, but this does not remove the deplorable fact that Mrs. McCormick spent more than four times the total salary of the term for which she has been nominated. nan No one believes she will be influenced in her senatoral duties, if she be elected, by the fact that she spent this money, for her human qualities and her past record commend her as a sane liberal in social and economic matters, but such an outlay is a crime against popular rule. nag Opponents of the primary election law will hail this as another evidence of the unrighteousness of the system of direct nomination, but this is not so. The primary method is not more expensive than the convention system; we can speak from experience in this regard. man IT is more expensive only when an unscrupulous candidate seeks to buy the nomination, for it is plain arithmetic that it takes more money to corrupt millions than a few hundred delegates, but a poor candidate of pre-eminent appeal can. in a primary, put to rout all the bosses and all the boodle. ana The primary method is the only hope the people have to win in a state fight, for in a state convention they are up against bribery, intimidation, trades, fraud, manipulation, in short all the sinister arts of the horse trader, the slave driver and the bandit. mam But for the intolerable corruption of the convention system the primary method never T7ould have come forth. It was the insufferable rascality of the convention system in both parties which people to hold their noses and cast it uar " pile.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES .

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Al Capone Is Entitled to the Rights That Go With Citizenship Until Police Pin Something on him by Due Process of Laic, NEW HAVEN police staged a brawl Thursday night with Yale students, and Wednesday night Cambridge police staged a brawl with Harvard students, only to mention two of many similar occurrences throughout the country. Indeed, brawling between policemen and students seems to have become a regular spring affair. Most people excuse it as far as the students are concerned, on the theory that it represents little more than the kind of horseplay which goes with youth. Maybe they are right, but sometimes it looks as though high education were running to horseplay more strongly than to anything else. n n n Also, it sometimes looks as though the police were ready to brawl with any one at any time, and possibly the students are doing us a real favor in giving them opportunity to get it out of their system in a comparatively harmless way. Possibly, if there were a real live college In Miami, the police of that city would devote less time and attention to Scarface Al Capone. The enthusiasm with which they arrest him, and with which they threaten to arrest him every time he comes inside the city limits, suggests nothing so forcefully as a lack of outlet for their surplus energy. nan Entitled to Protection SCARFACE AL CAPONE is no saint, and very few communities are clamoring for his presence, but he is entitled to the rights that go with citizenship until the police of Miami, or any other place, can pin something on him by due process of law. If he is as bad as they say, or even half as bad, who is to blame and who deserves to be hounded? Either there has been a lot of loose talk about this man, or there are a lot of incompetent law forcement officers, not only in Chicago, but other places.

Professor Robert E. Rogers of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who broke into print a year ago by advising college graduates to go in for snobbery, says that we are all wrong about the Puritans. “We think they were way ahead of us morally and politically,” he says, “but much behind us in education and government.” That, according to Professor Rogers, is not the case. Rating the Puritans rather low in morals and politics, he still considers them above us in government and education. “They had no nonsense about equality in government,” he says; “had no foolish notions about democracy, were careful to classify people according to them responsibility, and knew there was something in achievement, background, family and breeding which we have discarded.” a a a Logic Is Strained PROFESSOR ROGERS is original, to say the least. He not only adds a novel contribution to the mud-slinging match which rages over the Puritan graves, but subjects logic to a rather tough strain in doing so. Perhaps no other man in the country would undertake to advance the proposition that Puritans, or any other sect, could be ahead of us in government and behind us in politics at the same time. Putting that aside, why should any one bother to argue that we have not made progress in all lines during the last 300 years? If we haven’t, there is something basically wrong, not only with the systems we have adopted, but with our natural ability. * K U Only ignorance would go back to the seventeenth century', with its sodden superstitions, its lack of comforts, and its hopeless outlook on life. Those who would set the clock back invariably make reservations. What they really want is the individual freedom of that age, without sacrificing the social advantages of this.

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—The problem of saving for old age one thousands of workers who receive small wages are facing. A few who have no children to support and educate can achieve a competence for the time when age prevents work, but for the vast majority th's is impossible. The difficult situation is made worse by the fact that modem industries bar men of 45 or older, even 40 in some cases, shortening the period in which the worker can earn. A father thus barred from making a living could in some cases be helped by his children, but' if they are paid the usual level of wages they have enough barely to support themselves. It is a human problem in simple arithmetic that is creating a situation which wellinformed men and women class among our greatest social problems. An aged man and his wife, after paying for rearing a family, arrive at old age without money on which to exist. Except in a few states, the only solution to their problem Is the poorhouse. Here the companions of many years are separated—only the diseased in mind and body, the sick and infirm are oermitted to remain together in those institutions. This inhuman situation could be wiped out with old age pensions, as advocated by the Fraternal Order of Eagles. Then the oid couple could remain in their own home, in many cases a place of hallowed memories. Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt >f New York on April 10 signed that state’s old age pension bill, in the presence of 200 Eagles. This makes a total of eleven states and the territory of Alaska which have old age pension laws. J. F. BEATTY. 600 Colorado avenue.

— - ‘-r 'f' '''

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE ‘lrritable Heart’ Rises From Nerves

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN DURING the world war many soldiers suffered from a combination of symptoms which finally came to be called neurocirculatory asthenia, although it was also called “irritable heart,” “disordered action of the heart” and even “effort syndrome.” Indeed, the condition was so common that the British Manual called the condition D. A. H. and under this name it appeared in numerous official reports. Symptoms of this disease had appeared frequently in people among civil life, but the World war served to focus special attention upon it.. As described by Dr. Marcus A. Rothschild, this condition is characterized by a sense of tiredness, breathlessness, dizziness, pain in the left side of the chest, general shakiness and increased susceptibility to cold, inability to fix the attention, insomnia, and a consciousness of the action of the heart. The person is inclined in general to be concerned with the way his heart is acting.

IT SEEMS TO ME w "™

IAM as eager as the next one to see a woman serving in the senate of the United States. The brief and honorary appointment of a woman from Georgia hardly served to prove the point that the requirements of the post really can be met by duly elected feminine candidates. Nevertheless, I hope that Ruth Hanna McCormick will receive a *ound beating when the ballots are cast in Illinois. Surely no one should support Mrs. McCormick merely on the ground that she is a woman, and an exceptionally clever one. Feminism in its best sense should ask no favors, for women, but merely that they should start from the same scratch line as male competitors. If it is ignoble for a man to ally himself with vicious machine politicians, then the same thing holds true in the case of a woman. Mrs. McCormick may not nave angled for the support of Mayor Thompson’s Chicago gang, but she profited by it, for all that. a a * They Can Be Told I AM sick of hearing that a candidate can not prevent even vicious factions from voting for him. A candidate can do just that if he takes a forthright and convincing position on the issues of the day. Mrs. McCormick, on the surface, was frank enough in her dry protestations. She gathered the support of church women and other militant prohibitionists down state. Nevertheless, she received thousands of votes from dripping wet Chicago politicians. This must indicate that word went about that the lady was somewhat less dry than she maintained, or, as may well be possible, the racketeers of Illinois prefer to have a semblance of dryness rather than aid any movement toward modification, which would spoil their game. In any case, Ruth Hanna McCormick’s election would serve to maintain the present unsatisfactory Volsteadian conditions, and on that basis she deserves support from neither honest wets nor honest drys. You see I am tolerant enough to admit the existence of this latter group. On the world court issue, Mrs. McCormick’s attitude has been to appeal to the prejudices of the same persons who hurrahed when Big Bill Thompson threatened to punch the nose of King George if he ever came bo Chicago. She contributed nothing to a clear and realistic study of the problem. She has been consumed with ambition to win promotion from the house to the senate. To that end she has spent very large sums of money and traded with individuals of any stripe or belief who would help her cause. A man who puts ambition above principle deserves to be defeated.

—And Don’t Come Back!

The most significant factor, of course, is fatigue. The person seems exhausted, particularly in the early part of the day, and is annoyed by the fact that he can not seem to get going. After exercise the fatigue seems even worse. Many of these patients faint easily, a sudden fright or shock sometimes being the cause of the sudden fainting spell. The period of unconsciousness lasts just a few seconds, but may last as long as five minutes. While a murmur of the heart is heard in many of these cases, Doctor Rothschild does not believe the heart is involved in the vast majority and he does not consider this a disease of the heart. This is, in a great many instances, a nervous condition and must be handled from that point of view. On the other hand, it is important to realize that if actual heart disease is present, it is of the greatest importance to recognize the heart disease and to treat the condition with the weakness of the heart in mind.

For the life of me I can not see why the same rule should not hold good in the case of a woman. u tt a What's The Rush? OVER and over again the argument has been made by public leaders from President Hoover up and down that America should support and maintain prohibition because it increases efficiency. But wholly aside from the prohibition, I think the time has come w'hen we should ponder the question of whether this country has not become a little too efficient for its own good. It is well to remember that the efficiency of w'hlch we boast so frequently has gone pretty much into one channel. We are marvels (apd I am not including myself in mis personal pronoun) at production, but I think no man can maintain that we have kept pace in arranging to have distribution keep pace with the fashioning of goods and commodities. There are many Americans who know how to invent some machine or device which will do the work of

M 5 THC-

MERGENTHALER’S BIRTH May 10

ON May 10, 1854, Ottmar Mergenthaler, inventor of the typesetting machine bearing his name, was bom in Wurttemburg, Germany. At 18 he came to the United States and entered the employ of the government at Washington, where he kept in order clocks and electric bells throughout the various government buildings. Four years later he removed to Baltimore to work on a typesetting machine. After countless experiments involving wasted fortunes and the severest kind of toil, Mergenthaler .Inally invented the ingenious linotype machine. Before this time typesetting was done by hand, just as it had been done for 400 years. But with Mergenthaler’s invention it could be done by machine, enabling one man to do the work of five ordinary printers. Instead of setting type, the machine sets the molds for casting type, dropping them into place as fast as the operator touches the keys, until the line is completed, when the moving of a lever forces molten type metal against the matrices and casts a solid line. The molds distribute themselves automatically and are ready to be used again when the next line is set. __ _ .

Modern scientific medicine provides methods of testing the functional capacity of various organs and in the diagnosis of neurocirculatory asthenia a determination of the functional ability of the heart is important. When the exercise tolerance of the patient is determined, it is possible to prescribe graduated work or games involving a sufficient amount of exercise to keep the patient in a healthful condition so far as the tone of his muscles is concerned. By the use of hot and cold baths, and by alternate heat and cold applied to the limbs, the patient can learn soon to respond properly to various temperatures. Proper posture and breathing exercises are important. Exercise, followed by a cold rub and then a lukewarm bath or shower in the morning may get the person into excellent condition. It is important for such people to develop confidence in their physical efficiency and to avoid the feeling of physical inferiority, which is the very basis in many instances of their illness.

Ideals and opinions expressed n this column are those of >ne of America’s most interestlnr writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude ol this paper.—The Editor.

ten men. But there are few who have any satisfactory plan for what to do with the ten men after the machine has been perfected. We suffer from unemployment now not because we have been lazy and shipshod in our factories and salesrooms, but because we have been too strenuous. Everybody who can possibly use an auto has one. Or almost everybody. And the same holds true of radios. We must begin to learn the economic value of cultivating leisure. We should consider the lilies. What’s the rush? If our national character is founded upon the firm belief that it is positively immoral to dawdle, then let us force some abatement upon the American people by making a shorter week and a reduced working day compulsory. (Coovright. 1930, by The Times)

B 1 ‘Knowltoiir'Bible?, 1 FIVE QUESTIONS A DAY" K | ON FAMILIAR PASSAGES K

1. What does the El mean in Hebrew names such as Daniel, Elisha, Elisabeth? 2. Who was Elisabeth? 3. What does the Psalmist say is “the beginning of wisdom?” 4. Who said, “I am escaped with the skin of my teeth?” 5. How did Elijah enter heaven? Answers to Yesterday’s Queries 1. Wife of Ahab, king of Israel; proverbial as a cruel and wicked woman; I Kings 16:31. 2. John the Baptist said he was aot worthy to unloose the latchet of Jesus’ shoe; Mark 1:7. 3. Psalm 139:9. 4. In Bethlehem; Matthew 2 1. 5. Egypt; Exodus 1:8.

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MAY 10, 1930

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ-

Our Galaxy, or Milky Way, Now Is Believed to Bea Scries of Islands, a Great Great Archipelago. ANEW view of the structure of the universe in which we live was described by Dr. Harlow Shapley, famous astronomer and director of the Harvard observatory, at the annual meeting of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia. To borrow- a comparison from geography, the old idea of the galaxy, the great system of stars of w’hich our sun is a member, was that of a great continent. According to the new view, our galaxy is a series of Islands—a great archipelago. This new view is in many ways one of the most revolutionary introduced into modern astronomy. It w'ill have far-reaching effects upon future study of the stars and their organization. Studies carried on by Dr. Shapley upon the Milky Way and by Shapley and Dr. Edwin P. Hubble of the Mt. Wilson observatory upon the spiral nebulae, form the basis of the new view. According to the older view, our galaxy was a great continent of stars set out in a vast ocean of space. The spiral nebulae, which appear in the big telescopes like Fourth-of-July pinwheels, were thought to be islands of stars at vast* distances from our galaxy, the great continent. n n a Clouds THE recent study of the spiral nebulae has revealed that many of them axe grouped together into systems. More than forty such systems have been revealed upon astronomical photographs made at the Harvard observatory. Dr. Shapely has coined the name, “clouds of galaxies," for these systems. These clouds of galaxies lie at immense distance from our own galaxy. According to determination, made for some of them at Harvard, they range from 10,000,000 to 170,000,000 light years away. A light year is the distance which a beam of light travels in one year, approximately 6,000,000,000,000 miles. The general idea that our galaxy might resemble a spiral nebula has been considered by astronomers for a number of years. The fact that our galaxy is a sort of flattened disc, much wider than it is thick, led to this conclusion. The chief difficulty with the idea was that our galaxy was so much larger than the spirals. The largest known spiral is only about one-sev-enth the size of our galaxy and many spirals are far smaller. It has been known for some time that the distribution of stars through the galaxy was not uniform. The stars seem gathered here and there into star clouds. Our own sun, for example, while at a considerable distance from the center of the galaxy, is very near the center of such a cloud oi stars.

Super-Galaxy According to the new view, the local star cloud in which our sun is situated is one of the spirals which go to make up the cloud of spirals or galaxies which comprise w'hat we formerly called “our galaxy.” “The new interpretation of our own system as a flattened cloud of Individual galaxies requires that the stars around the sun form a local system, as has long been maintained,” Dr Shapley said. “It requires further that this local system, which Includes the sun, must have the same dimensions and character as the spiral nebulae or other external galaxies. “The hypothesis that our system is a super-galactic system indicates that other star clouds along the galactic plane or milky way are units similar to the local cloud. “The extensive Harvard investigation of the milky way structure now is being aimed toward discovery of the distances and boundaries of the various galaxies that make up our super-galaxy. “In the course of the investigation during the last year of the milky way star clouds, several hundred new variable stars have been discovered and their systematic study by a number of workers at the Harvard observatory is giving data on the distances of the star clouds, especially those in the general direction of the center of the super-galaxy.” Speaking of dimensions, Dr. Shapley said that the diameter of our entire system or super-galaxy as it can now’ be called, is at least 200,000 light years. The local ''alaxy including our sun has a diameter of 5,000 to 10,000 light years, Dr. Shapley said.

Daily Thought

Therefore, the people came to Moses and said, We have sinned* for we have spoken against the Lord, and against thee; pray unto the Lord that he take away the serpents from us. And Moses prayed for the people.—Numbers 21:7. For spiritual blessings, let our prayers be importunate, perpetaal and persevering; for general, short, conditional and modest.—Jeremy Taylor.