Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 310, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 May 1930 — Page 6

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The Big Issue A people opposed to bossism whenever they get a chance to register their will is still bossed. They will always be bossed until the method of government is made more simple and direct. They will be bossed as long as the machinery of government lends itself to confusion and chaos. That Coffinism was triumphant in this county was to be expected. Ihe opposition offered a “new deal.” It did not offer, as as the people could detect, a “square deal. It had too many men in the front line whose opposition to Coffinism was palpably inspired by disappointed ambition and a desire for k share of plunder, rather than a zeal to save the people from being plundered. It lacked the high note of sincerity that made the City Manager movement a crusade for civic righteousness which inspired confidence. The independent voter will have a chance in the fall to pass upon the party’s elections. The real trouble is the injection of party politics into matters in which partisanship should have no bearing and the denial of self-government by the long ballot of elective officials which makes intelligent voting impossible. Until the people revamp the government it will be out of the control of the people. In this county there should be very few elective officials.. A board of county commissioners with powers similar to those given to cities under city management would center interest on a few officials who could be examined and scrutinized and elected on the basis of efficiency and devotion to public interest. A constitutional convention could make these changes and restore the government to the people. It is absurd to inject national political parties into such offices as commissioner or sheriff or assessor. Belief or disbelief ir tariff or farm debenture has nothing to do with efficiency in local offices. The people will vote this fall on the hqjtding of a convention to suggest changes in the Constitution. It should be changed. Our present* election system no longer meets the demands of modern life. The legislature could make some reforms and help to shorten the ballot. But it can be done completely and thoroughly by ghanges in the Constitution. Those who cling to the belief that the people should rule themselves have their chance to get self government by voting for that convention.

One Significant Vote No other result of the primary is as significant as the vote which was given the two wet candidates foi congress on the Republican ticket. For years candidates on that ticket have believed that the sure path to success was to swear unthinking and unswerving devotion to any proposal of the Anti-Saloon League. No politician of that party thought of running counter to its wishes, and every aspirant sought and courted its support. In this campaign one of the aspirants had but a single plank in his platform. It was opposition to Volsteadism. No citizen could have had any other reason for voting for him. and it must have been a wrench for many who agreed with his platform to support him, even on an issue with which they agreed. Most citizens could find many good reasons for not voting for him. even if they indorsed his program. The vote cast for one of the other candidates represented those who demand a repeal of the eighteenth amendment. It is unfortunate that those who believe that prohibition is destructive of government find themselves ir iuch the same attitude of mind as the followers of the dry cause in other years. Not the least of the evils of the dry crusade was that it put into office very many unfit officials, who used their espousal of prohibition as a cloak to cover their deficiencies and delinquencies. Prohibition is an issue, but it is not the only issue. It will be unfortunate if those who oppose prohibition are forced to vote for candidates with so little else to commend them. But there is evidence that Volsteadism is going. For the U. S. Supreme Court Judge Parker has been defeated. The senate has refused to confirm him as a justice of the United States supreme court. Immediately upon his nomination, the Scripps-Howard newspapers were obliged to point out his unfitness. Groups against whom he had shown prejudice joined in the fight. But the issue soon transcended that of any group, class, race, or Darty. and so was determined. The quality of the supreme court and the people’s liberty were at 6take. The people protested. The people won. But it is only half a victory. The selection of the right man still must be made. There can be only one right man. He must be the best man in all the country for this high responsibility. He must be the most eminent jurist. Happily that man is known and is available. Ask the leaders of the bench and bar who is the outstanding American jurist not now on the United States supreme court, and they will name the same man. They probably can not tell you whether he Is a Republican or a Democrat, because he is not in politics. They Dreeably can not tell you whether he is a conservative or a liberal, for. like Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, his eminence is acclaimed equally by conservatives and liberals. Benjamin N. Cardozo is the man. For sixteen years he h*s served on the supreme court and court V appeals of New York. He now is chief judge of the New York court of appeals, the highest court in that state. He lias been passed upon by the people of his state; they elected him. He has been passed upon by the legal profession of his state, which supported him He he* been passed upon by his fellow jurists of •the high courts of that state; the senW R#ublican

The Indianapolis Times (A SIKIPPSHOWARD NEWHPAPEK) Owned and published dallv (except Sunday) by The Imlianapoli* Times Publishing Cos., 2J4-22U West Maryland Street, Indianapolis. Ind I’rlee In MarioD County, 2 rent* a copy : elsewhere. .1 cent* delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. BOYD 01'It LEY. BOY W HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. F.dltor President Business Manager *~rHON E— R 1 ley ft-Vil THURSDAY, MAY 8, 1930. Member of I'nlfed Press. Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way”

judge of the court of appeals stepped aside, that Cardozo might be made chief judge. He has been passed upon by the Republican and Democratic parties, both of which supported his candidacy for that court. He has been passed upon by leading Jaw school and university faculties of the country. Honorary degrees have been bestowed upon him by Columbia, the University of Michigan, New York university, Yale and Harvard. He has been passed upon by the outstanding society of jurists of the country. He is the vicepresident of the American Law institute. Wherever men discuss the supreme court vacancy, his name is to be heard—as in the recent senate debate his distinction was referred to as a matter of course by both Republican and Democratic speakers. The only question raised among lawyers about this man is whether the sort of political expediency which insists upon naming a southern Republican shall be used to bar him. We refuse to believe that the President at this critical time in the prestige and service of the supreme court will cast aside the obvious man, just because he happens to live in New York. True, Justices Stone and Hughes are two New Yorkers now members of the court. But similar considerations did not prevent the appointment of Taft to the bench on which were Clark and Day of Ohio. Judge Cardozo does not belong to New York alone. He has served the nation. His lectures and books are legal authority everywhere. His “Nature of the Judicial Process” is regarded as having exerted more influence upon American jurists than any other work published in a quarter century. The United States is fortunate in having such a man to call upon at this time. % We commend his name to President Hoover. Wear Old Rags Prepare to pass up that next new suit. You probably won’t be able to afford it, if the Grundy tariff bill goes through. Not, at any rate, if you are a working man. And you can’t get that new overcoat either; so have the old one patched today and put away before it is too late. Os course the merchant needs your trade and you need the clothes, but Grundy and the Republican old guard have you up against the wall and by the time they pass that billion-dollar tariff bill you will be lucky to get out with a shirt to your back. They are pinning a tidy $112,000,000 a year on the national woolen bill. By the time that sum is pyramided through the processes from wool to clothing, the total will be more than $300,000,000. Counting 30,000,000 families in the United States, that will be an increase of $lO each. But the working man’s family is larger than the average, so this woolen increase alone will cost him much more than $lO. The Grundy tariff promises an increase in the price of every suit ranging from $2 to SB, according to class. A S3O suit or overcoat will be boosted to about $35. The working man who has to buy three suits and c three coats for his family in a year therefore must pay S3O more for them and have nothing left for himself—for that S3O would buy him a suit if there were no tariff increase. To be sure, many working men will not need clothing if the tariff bill is enacted. By causing foreign reprisals against our export trade, the tariff will shut down many factories and add millions of men to the army of unemployed. President Hoover has estimated that fully one-tenth of our industrial production depends on our export trade, which is threatened by the Grundy bill. The unemployed can stay in bed and go without clothes. If Rudy Valles has any sympathy for the Englishmen, whose tax on beer has just been raised, he'll sing that stein song a little more tenderly. One reason we believe Cal Coolidge will do a lot of walking in his retirement is that he said on moving into his sixteen-room mansion recently: “It will make our dog- more comfortable.Beauty experts say women will grow to look like men if they keep on smoking. That’s enough to burn ’em up.

REASON By F landis CK

NEW YORK CITY has entertained many distinguished mortals, but this week she entertained the most impressive company that ever entered her gates. This company is composed of 350 Gold Star mothers from the west, the first of many to sail for France as this nation's guests, to visit the graves of their sons who fell in the World war. If there’s a more dramatic thing in history we’ve never heard of it. a tt e Dr. Helene Deutsch, newly arrived from Vienna, announces that American husbands neglect their wives too much. It’s marvelous how these perfectly wonderful foreigners can land here, sniff the air for a few seconds, then emit profound conclusions, telling all about 120,000,000 of us. a a a A candidate for assessor at Gary informs the voters that if elected he will assess them as he would want them to assess him. If this fellow is elected, where will the county get its revenue? a a a THEIR candidates for office in the same county point with pride to the fact that they have lived there fbr twenty years. This reminds us of the time all those who had lived in a certain Oklahoma town for four years held an old settlers' picnic. a a a Mexico has shot the bandit who last month kidnaped J. E. Bristow, the Oklahoma oil man and held him for ransom. If an American bandit had kidnaped a Mexican oil man. bis case would have been in the courts for ten yeais. 000 Prince Carol of Rumania. Queen Marie's worthless offspring, who gave up a throne, a wife and a child for a burning dame, now wishes to return, inasmuch as he is broke and his ardor has cooled. His wife should give him the air. 000 GERMAN surgeons declare in favor of the continuance of duels by students. Americans think this is barbarous, but for raw. degraded. naked animalism it isn't in it with our prize fights, attended by “the very best people" in evening dress. 000 George W- Wickersham. chairman of Mr. Hoover’s law enforcement commission, told the people of Chattanooga that we fall to enforce law becaule juries are made up to a large extent of ignoramus^. If Wickersham were on the level he would say that juries are made ignoramusesjhy the members of his own beloved legal profession!* !

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Society Has No Right to Make Women Widows and Children Orphans Without Recompense. SEVEN little children, shot to death by a tired, distraught mother, who could see no other way out, and what's the answer? There were plenty of people to save the situation, had they only known, but who was there to tell them? It is a foregone conclusion that the children didn't know, and the chances are that even the mother didn't know until a few hours beforehand. Something simply snapped when things got too bad. The mother tried to commit suicide after it was all over, but missed the vital spot, and that, also, probably was the result of fatigue and distraction. When she recovers from her wound, if she does, the law will take cognizance of the case, and we shall be treated to another of those “Roman holidays” which go with the administration of modern justice. Strict enforcement of the law demands that this mother lose her life, either in prison, the electric chair, or an asylum for the insane. Not pausing to argue whether that will do any good, let us remember that this tragedy might have been averted had not strict enforcement of the law first put the father in jail, leaving the mother to look after a family of twelve as-best she could. tt u tt Innocent Misused ONE does not need to quarrel with the existing system of penology as a cure for crime to realize that it is rotten with injustice toward many innocent people. Whatever else may be said on the subject, society has no right to make women widows and children orphans without recompense. The fact that it persists in doing so is one of the saddest commentaries on modem civilization. t u tt Sixty-five warships with 30,000 sailors are in New York, and 142 airplanes roar over the city, making a mimic war, while a senate committee okehs the naval pact. Even those of us who hope for peace through orderly adjustment find it difficult not to be more impressed with the physical display of force than with the idealistic gesture. In this respect, w-e still are victims of tradition, as it illustrated graphically by the refusal of a federal court to grant a war nurse citizenship because she will not promise to bear arms.

* Can't Object Horace greeley once said that “if women want to vote, let them shoulder the musket,” and we are putting this dictum into effect. The fact that Marie Bland nursed American soldiers on the battle front is no argument in her behalf. She won’t promise to bear arms, and that, in the court’s opinion, bars her from becoming a citizen. Marie Bland says that she doesn’t think she would kill a person even to save her own life. To some people such attitude embodies the basic teaching of Christianity, but to the legalistic mind it defies the Constitution of this republic. We want no conscientious objectors, if you please, even though the government go wrong. What we demand, especially from those born in other lands, is the elimination of individual beliefs and opinions. is tt tt Compulsion in Saddle SUCH interpretation of constitutional liberty may be sound, but what does it leave by way of that freedom of conscience we always have glorified? More important still, what does it leave of that theory to open discussion and dissent on which this republic was founded? The old idea of argument and persuasion gives place to that of compulsion, or commitment. We no longer want citizens to disagree with public policy, especially in case of war. What we want is for them to promise beforehand to close their minds as well as their eyes, and not only to sanction conflict, but to agree to take part in it even before they know what the issue is. Such demand puts patriotism on a purely political basis, leaving the individual no choice but to carry out the orders of those in control. If the Constitution provided for a referendum on war, it might not be so bad. but with congress exercising that power, what is left of democracy if we insist that citizens surrender their right to object?

1 § <0 FIVE QUESTIONS A DAY" ffei 29 ON FAMILIAR PASSAGES §5-

1. What is the most famous metrical paraphrase of the Psalms? 2. Who offered ‘strange fire” before the Lord? 3. Which of the disciples lived the longest? 4. Who was ‘‘all things to all men?” 5. Who succeeded Moses as leader of Israel? Answers to Yesterday's Queries 1. God spoke to Elijah; I Kings 19:12. 2. The fig tree, Genesis 3:7. Although “the tree of the knowledge of good and evil” is generally held to have been an apple tree, it is not identified in the Bible. 3. Asa quiver full of arrows; Psalm 127:4-5. 4. Moses; Exodus 2:3. 5. “And so fulfill the law of Christ." Galatians 6:2. What are the values of United nickel 5-cent pieces dated 1900 and 1912? They are catalogued at 5 to 7 cents. What is the weight of a cubic foot of gravel? Dry, loose gravel weighs from ninety to 105 pounds per cubic foot; dry, packed weighs 100 to 120 pounds.

The Handwriting on the Wall

4ii f I IP u

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Canned Lemon Juice Lacks Vitamin C

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. WHEN our knowledge of vitamins first began to develop it was taken for granted that the vitamins found in the fresh fruits and vegetables could be had in equal amounts by taking canned, pickled, or preserved substances. However, later investigation showed that vitamin C, the antiscurvy vitamin, could be modified considerably or perhaps eliminated entirely by submitting it to oxidation Oxidation occurs when such fruits and vegetables are cooked in open kettles on a stove, and does not occur to nearly so great an amount when such substances are cooked under high pressure in sealed cans, as is done in the commercial cooking process. The only means of finding out how much vitamin C, or indeed

IT SEEMS TO ME By

“y READ your column every day,” x writes Hazel J., “in hope that some time you will talk about something besides yourself, your likes and your dislikes, how old you are, what you like to eat, etc. “I am sorry to hear that you a?e done with unemployment, because that was the first time you forgot yourself for a single moment. Now I must read what color ties you like, what time you get up and what time you go to bed. And you get paid for that!” But, Hazel, you are gravely mistaken. Why must you read and particularly every day? There is no ordinance or statute which puts “It Seems to Me” or any other column on the list of requirements for all good citizens. Such law would be unconstitutional. There would have to be an amendment and after that an army of'spies prying about to see whether all Americans had completed their daily Broun. I’m not for such amendment. It wouldn’t be feasible. Let things go along in their present hit or miss fashion. The practice of trying to make people better by legislation is a mistake. tt u tt Could Reform ■yoUR quarrel, Hazel, is not so * much with me as with your own subconscious mind. On the basis of the case history which you submit, any Freudian analyst would diagnose your difficulty as a compulsion neurosis. Break the painful habit at once. Do not submit to the torturing tyranny of a column which you detest. It is true, of course, that I could reform and become less egotistic; but since I am old and set in my ways it would be easier for you, a much younger person, to do the reforming. I’ll go my way and you go yours. Even if I did reform, perhaps it would not avail. Reading stuff which is tiresome and annoying is not the only way in which people oppress themselves. Some bite their finger nails. And speaking of the subconscious mind, I have a sin long on my conscience which I might as well confess now. It concerns a dishonest act committed in the year 1908. I tried to rob a man of a dollar. There are mitigating circumstances, but not many. In the summer of 1908 I was employed as a cub reporter on a New York morning newspaper, and o i the fatal day in question it was mv assignment to report a Tammany picnic. In the grove where the event was held a three-card monte man set up his stand. Although still a Harvard undergraduate, I was not altogether naive and I knew that the game was dishonest and designed to bring profits to the operator. nun The Bent Card BUT when the man at the little table turned aside for a second, a loiterer in the crowd slyly bent the edge of the ace of hearts. When next bets re called for I eagerly advanced Ifid offered to wager one

'any other vitamin, may be present in food is to test it on an experimental animal. If the animal is given a diet without any vitamin C in it, it will die of acute scurvy in twenty-five days. If such animals are put on scurvyproducing diets and then are fed the protective substances, it is possible to tell by the response of the animal about how much of the substance is necessary to save its life. Thus the scurvy-preventing factor can be standardized. Lemon juice is known to be one of the richest substances in content of vitamin C. However, most attempts to pack lemon juice for sale have resulted in the destruction of the vitamin quality. Recently, British investigators named J. Williams and J. W. Carrons have attempted to preserve lemon juice with various added substances. They find that the reaction of the bottled lemon juice is of importance in maintaining its content of vitamin C.

dollar that I could identify the ace of hearts. This was a dirty deed. It’s no use explaining that I figured out that it would merely be cheating a cheater. The plain truth is that I didn’t figure at all. My cupidity was arofised. A dollar was one-third of a day’s work. Here was a .sure thing. Nor can I quell my conscience with the fact that when he turned the bent card up it wasn’t the ace of hearts at all. Then only did I realize the loiterer was a come-on-man whose business it was to encourage suckers by making them believe that they could put something over on somebody. I didn’t succeed in stealing a dollar. I lost one. At this late date the only recompense I can make is to point out that most of the inhabitants of the United States have been lured into participation in a very similar swindle. The high protective tariff is dear to us because we have been led to believe that this is a slim-slam game in which the natives of Europe and adjacent alien lands are the victims. We are to profit by a shrewd device in which these foreigners are exploited. By raising a high tariff wall we make it impossible for them to sell their goods to us, but we can take advantage of their free trade folly or lesser duties to dump all our surplus on them. it tt it Two Breaths IN that way a balance of trade is to be created in favor of the United States and forever and forever we are to go on buying less

- 1 and O AYT tpiT Hie—-

JOAN OF ARC’S VICTORY May 8. ON May 8, 1429, after ten days of fighting, Joan of Arc drove the English from Orleans, the French city which they had besieged for ten months. She had been placed in command of 10,000 men and sent to aid Dunois at Orleans. Her arrival fired the enthusiasm of the weakkneed French forces and instilled in them anew confidence. On May 6, therefore, she decided to attack the English. Displaying uncommon strategy, Joan successfully led her forces against the English, only to have her men lose heart when the enemy counterattacked. Her captains advised her to withdraw, declaring they would not participate in further attacks. But Joan refused to listen to them and, the next day, led the communal militia to the attack of Tourelles which was taken from the English after fierce fighting. At once the face of the war was changed. The French spirit woke again and within a week, the enemy was driven from th#,. principal positions 04 the Loire.

They found that the addition of lemon rind oil, of sodium benzoate, or of formic acid, did not save the vitamin C. Indeed, the latter two substances exerted a destructive action. Oil of cloves had a destructive action and sucrose failed to save the vitamin. The addition of a very small amount of hydrochloric acid to overcome the alkalinity of the lemon juice, enabled the saving of the anti-scurvy activity for fourteen months. Here, then, is the beginning of evidence which may lead to suitable methods of preserving vitamin C in canned and packed products of the citrous fruits. Canned tomatoes, strawberries and other fresh vegetables are rich in vitamin C, and are used regularly in the feeding of infants whose diets are deficient in this substance. Thus far, it has not been possible to develop a lemon juice that contained a vitamin C factor in usable quantities.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those ot me o£ America’s most interesting yriters and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude ot this paper.—The Editor.

than we sell. Seldom does the point come up as to what the poor foreigners eventually will use for money.

In one breath we are told that he belongs to the pauper labor class of the old world and that it is necessary for the honest American workman to be protected against his low standard of living. But in the next breath, and here is where I become confused—we are informed that this same European pauper is to buy American radios and all the expensive products of our protected labor. Chiefly, I am interested in the delusion of the American farmer. He has been allow-ed to see the bent corner of a card. That convinces him that he is in on the swindle to his own advantage. And he is so intent on putting something over on somebody that he loses sight of the fact that the extra high price on farm implements and everything he buys is not paid for by the pauper laborer of Europe, but by his very self. Some day he will learn that no man or nation can continue to get something for nothing and that in the long run trade must be built upon the principle of give and take. (Copyright. 1930. by The Times)

Daily Thought

Even as I have seen, they that plow iniquity, and sow wickedness, reap the same.—Job 4:8. If the wicked flourish, and thou suffer, be not discouraged; they are fatted for destruction, thou art dieted for health.—Fuller.

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.MAY 8, 1930

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

It Is Literally Impossible for the Mind of Man to Imagine the End of Space. HOW astronomical study, at first concerned chiefly with the movements of the planets in our own solar system and later with the stars of our own Milky Way or galaxy, has pushed into the distant regions beyond the Milky Way, was emphasized at the annual meeting of the American Philosophical Society by a paper by Dr. Harlow Shapley. At the society’s meeting in Philadelphia Dr. Shapley, director of the Harvard observatory, read a paper on “Progress in Extra-Galactic Explorations.” The term “extra-galactic” Is being used by astronomers to describe space beyond our own galaxy, or Milky Way. Dr. Shapley, a pioneer In the study of the extent of the Milky Way, now is pioneering in the new study. But w-hereas Dr. Shapley was one of the group who taught the world that our galaxy was thousands of times larger than men previously had supposed it to be, the study of extra-galactic space seems to be leading to the conclusion that the universe as a whole is finite and not infinite. This is a conclusion which the layman will find it difficult to accept For it is literally impossible for the mind of man to imagine an end to space. The inevitable question is: "What is beyond the end of space?” tt tt tt Young THE study of extra-galactic space is extremely young, however, I and many conclusions can be regarded as only preliminary. “The new explorations of regions that lie beyond our local galaxy,” Dr. Shapley told the American Philosophical Society, “have dealt briefly with three things: “First: The measured velocities of external galaxies and their bearing on the finiteness of the sidereal universe. “Second: Surveys and cataloging of the hitherto unknown objects of the spiral nebula class. "Third: Bibliographic compilations.” It should be pointed out that the terms, “external galaxy” and “spiral nebula” are being used interchangeably by present-day astronomers. Beyond our own galaxy lie many objects which at first were called spiral nebulae. Recent study has shown that they are not all spiral in shape, but range all the way from globular formi through various degrees of flattening to the true spiral form with its coiled arms. Since recent study has shown that a majority of these spirals are great ! collections of stars, like our own galaxy, they now are referred to as external galaxies. The Harvard observatory, of which Dr. Shapley is director, is making an extensive study of the external galaxies. This sturiv has revealed that they are situat and in groups. Dr. Shapley calls these groups “clouds of galaxies.” tt tt u Distances DR. SHAPLEY summarized some of the results of the Harvard study to date as follows: “One: Several thousand new external galaxies have been discovered and measured for position, brightness, diameter and form. “Two: The distances of several clouds of galaxies have been determined, ranging from 10,000,000 to 170,000,000 light years. (A light year is the distance which a beam of light travels in a year, approximately 6,000,000,000,000 miles.) ‘Three: About forty clouds of galaxies have been found on Harvard plates, mostly those made in the southern hemisphere. “Four: The study of the clouds of galaxies has led to anew classification of super-systems, one of them being our own galactic system.” Dr. Shapley also indicated that the Harvard observatory is continuing its study of our own galaxy. He also called attention to anew general catalog of nebulae and star clusters which has been undertaken at the Astronomical observatory at Lund, Sweden, under the direction of Dr. Lundmark. “Wnen completed, it will contain 35,000 objects,” Dr. Shapley said. “It will supplement and partially replace the catalogs of Dreyer made between 1890 and 1908. “It is to be a compilation of all published descriptions of external systems, as well as the star clusters within our own system, and will deal metry, magnitudes, positions and with length, compressibility, assymspecial peculiarities.” What city in the United States has the largest postal revenues? New York has the largest. In 1927 the postal receipts for New York were $67,000,000 compared to Chicago's $58,000,000.