Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 278, Indianapolis, Marion County, 1 April 1930 — Page 5

APRIL 1, 1930.

SOVIET CHIEFS DEFINE ‘KULAK,’ ‘CLASSENEMY’ Hated Russian ‘Capitalists’ in U. S. Would Class as ‘Poor Farmers.’ One of tbe chief objectives of the Busdan government's economic policy Is the •oppression of the “Knlaks,” or wealthier land-owning class. which represents probably 4,000,000 of the Union’s popnlation. The following articles, by Eugene Lyons. United Press Moscow correspondent. gives a graphic picture of the status of this class in Rnssia. BY EUGENE LYONS United Press Staff Correspondent MOSCOW, April I.—Central authorities of Russia at last have laid down some general principles which will determine, in effect, who is a “kulak” and who is not. Broadly, a kulak is a well-to-do land holder, and as such a ‘‘class enemy” of the Soviets. Millions of peasants on the rough, zig-zagging border-line between kulakdom and the socalled “middle” peasantry, therefore, live under the constant threat of extermination. They always are in danger of being catapulted suddenly to the wrong side of the line, where ruin, starvation and exile await them. Atrocities Revealed Following Joseph Stalin’s orders to halt the use of force against those unwilling to join the collectives, the press has begun to reveal atrocities in connection with the movement which heretofore were hidden. From all parts of the country it reports numerous instances where not only “middle” but even poor peasants were classified as kulaks, their belongings expropriated and their families sent out of the villages. The new law on agricultural taxation just published attempts to define the kulak, with the proviso that the governments of the various republics must adjust the definition in accordance with local conditions. The total number of kulak households, it is indicated, must not exceed 3 per cent for the entire Soviet Union. Since there are about 25,000,000 households, an accurate application of this provision would limit the kulaks to 750,000 households or about 4,000,000 persons.

Conditions Set Out Peasants must be considered kulaks, the law specifies, under the following conditions: 1. When they use hired labor either on the farm or on any industrial enterprises (wood-working, dairy, etc), connected with the farms. 2. When their farm contains a flour mill, linen-combing enterprise, wool-beating machinery or any othor industrial accessory. 3. When they hire out machinery of any sort to their neighbors. 4. When they rent out houses or rooms regularly to supplement their income. 5. When they take over land on lease from other peasants on conditions too advantageous for themselves. 6. When they lease orchards, vineyards, etc., from other peasants. 7. When they engage in trade, speculation cr have any other source of non-productive income, including income as religious or secular employes of churches. Peasants Being Reinstated The whole mass of kulaks would be classed in a prosperous country like the United States or Germany as poor farmers. The difficulty of deciding exactly who is a kulak has led to brutal injustice in hundreds if not thousands of villages in the last four months. In their anxiety to make t a good showing local leaders of the \collective movement frequently as kulaks everybody who realised to join. The government now ds engaged in the difficult task of undoing this injustice and reinstating p< r peasants in their confiscated homes. Butl the Soviet regime definitely is committed to the job of “liquidating tae kulaks as a class.” Aged Author Dies BvA'nlted Press 'mUNCIE, Ind, April I.—J. Elbert Smith, 63, Pennsylvania railroad agent here for many years, known for his series of stories, “The Observations of £ Country Station Agent,” and others, is dead at Miami, Fla. Mast of the material for his stories wits obtained while he was Pennsylvania ticket agent at Converse, near here. Recently he completed anew series.

Don’t Rif Neglect! Kidney Disorders Are Too Serious to Ignore. WATCH your kidneys! Sluggish kidneys fail to rid the blood of impirities and permit slow poisoning of the whole system. If troutled with backache, bladder irritations and disturbed sleep, don’t take chances! Use Doan's Pills it the first sign of disorder. Use! for more than 50 years. Praised the wot Id over. 50,000 Users Endorse Doan’s: Mrs. O. A. Wintr. 1145 N. Topeka SL, Wicbi.a. Kan., lars: "I had such severe backaches 1 could hardly do mv housework. Hesdaches were frequent and my kidneys were irregular. Doan's Pilla strengthen*! my back and regulated mv kldneyt.”

DOAN’S PILLS A Diuretic for the Kidneys

fffojw Your Library—No. 6 Literaiy Center Found at Irvington Library

In Indianapolis the book ' vers’ lanes lead to Irvington, where literature has been in flower for many seasons. While wrapped in a college atmosphere for many years this district laid the foundation for a literary center. Time has moved the college, but the Irvington traditions are being perpetuated in a familiar old residence at 5247 East Washington street, the Irvington branch library. This branch is rounding out Its twentieth year as a nucleus of culture. Residents, proud of their library and proud of the lore that enthralls it, take a personal interest in its progress. Many gifts have been made to the Irvington branch by its patrons. Over the carved mantel piece in the old residence hangs an original portrait of William Forsythe, artist, loaned by the Irvington Union Club, and here and there are other gifts, tributes to the generosity of Irvington book lovers. Miss Beatrice Geddes, librarian, is fondly proud of her children patrons, who have a whole room to themselves for library reading. This is one of the few city branch libraries with a separate desk for children. More than 150 youngsters call at the desk of Mrs. Carol Lanham, children’s librarian, each day. With a book stock of 16,000 volumes, the branch serves approximately 7,000 regular borrowers and circulates over 10,000 books each month, ranking third among city branches.

DEPICT ENGINEERING’S -GIFT TO PROGRESS Five Medals to Be Presented at Conference, April 9. Bu Science Service WASHINGTON, April I.—The contribution of engineering to hall a century’s advance in civilization in sixteeen leading regions of the world will be depicted by prominent engineers representing their nations at the fiftieth anniversary celebration of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, to be held in New York City, Hoboken, N. Y., and Washington, April 5-9. Five medals also will be presented to leading igineers, two of which—the Gug e. :iheim and the Herbert Hoove:* medals—are to be awarded for -he first time. Prominent speakers who will be heard during the four-day celebration include Robert A. Millikan California physicist and Nobel prize man; Charles M. Schwab, steel magnate and past president of the American Soci :y of Mechanical Engineers; Win jam Butterworth president of he Caamber of Commerce of the United States, and James H. McGrr w, veteran publisher of technical magazines.

“in Minis m muuuiitS fiOAT CART i" BAWLED BERTRAM Ike BOUNCER. ‘My man,” reproved the Duchess, “it is seldom that I speak directly to a menial, but those rasping, grinding tones were more fitting for peddling fish than announcing my coach-and-four.” “A thousand pardons, Milady,” replied Bertram humbly, “but what am I to do?” ‘Smoke OLD GOLDS, fellow! The honey-smooth heart-leaf tobacco will change your growls of a grizzly to the amorous cooings of a pretty pigeon. Throat-ease follows this smoother and better cigarette as hounds follow the scent. Away with you, and OLD GOLD yourself! There's not a bark in a billion. ” OLD GOLD/ FASTEST CROWING CIGARETTE IN HISTORY IBbI|IB£SSL ..'.iilli iSlft NOT A COI'GH IN A CARLOAD Listemn . . . OLD GOLD—PAUL WHITEMAN HOUR, every Tuesday, 9P. M., Eastern Time

fir k n&mxi f AIT

Miss Beatrice Geddes

U. S. SONGSTER CONQUERS ROME Chicago Man Only American in Royal Opera. Bu United Press ROME, April l.~Attilio Baggiore, of Chicago, is the only American who has made the riffle and sung in the Royal Opera house. He has received the order to prepare to sing some of the heaviest roles in the operas yet to be presented this season. Next season, he will leave the opera stage for a concert tour in the United States. Baggiore is a tenor and coming from Italian stock, though a native American, he seems made for the operatic stage. Critics here say that he Is certainly due for a great career, His one great drawback is that he can not keep down to weight. In fact, George Insull, the Chicago opera enthusiast, offered Baggiore a contract provided he would reduce twenty pounds. He now weighs 210. QUICK OFFER TOO GOOD Alcohol Reported in Auto Whose Owner Sought to Pay Damage. Bu United Press HAMMUND, Ind., April I.—Gus Gentry, 24, Daleville, was so anxious to pay damages for an auto his car struck that the owner, Dr. D. L. Solt, Hammond dentist, became suspicious. After the crash Gentry jumped from his car and, approaching Solt peeled off S2OO from a big roll of money and asked if it was enough. Solt detained Gentry until police arrived. Officers say they found ninety-six gallons of alcohol in Gentry’s car.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

5,000.000 ARE WITHOUT JOBS Europe Has Big Problem in Unemployment. Bu United Press LONDON, April I.—More than 5,000,000 people in five major European countries were out of work at the end of 1929. They cost the governments of their countries—Great Britain, Germany France, Austria and Italy something like $500,000,000 to maintain. It is difficult to estimate from the statistics whether unemployment generally is increasing or decreasing. Comparing the figures for the last two years, unemployment in Germany and France has increased, in Austria and Italy it has decreased, and in Great Britain there has been practically no change, although a slight downward tendency was shown. Great Britain and Germany are the chief sufferers from this problem. while France alone can be said to have a normal condition of unemployment.

h&rxmrp :

She is Making Her Mother Happy

“A big change came ever Mary Elise from the time I started giving her Acidine regularly for her sour stomach,” says Mrs. Semmer of 7417 Union Ave., Chicago. “She likes to take Acidine because it tastes just like peppermint. Therefore I can give it to her regularly enough to help her. Since she’s so much brighter and happier now, I want every mother, who has the same trouble as I had, to know how she can get it off her mind.” Too much acid makes most grown folks suffer from biliousness and indigestion. You can imagine, then, why it keeps a child’s delicate little stomach so upset she has no appetite and gets puny, pale and drowsy. More than two million people are using Acidine regularly because it actually sweetens a sour stomach so quickly, tastes so good and costs so little. Get Acidine at any drug store.

DOWNSTAIRS * AYRES MBMUIItt MERCHANDISE AYRES SERVICE • LOW PRICES

Boys’ Spring Weight Cloth Knickers sl-29 (W Good serviceable unlined knickers / —well made of sturdy fabrics. Offered in a good assortment of spring o colorings and patterns. Just the /wAWtXoKf thing to finish out the school term. VA Sizes 6 to 16. Boys’ Sweaters, $1.49 60 Per cent wool sweaters offered in a big variety of just the colors and Mmw patterns that boys like. In V and round neck slipover styles. Sizes 28 t° 36. Athletic Shorts, 39c Boys’ gay colored athletic shorts with elastic back or adjustable side ties. Good assortment of colors and patterns. Fast colors. Sizes 24 to 30. V'-V.! mills) —Downstairs at Ayres. W\\4 vllllf

Medium Service Weight mhU SU.KHU3E —Gunmetal iHHf —Suntan —Sunbronze J§ w —Mistery —Boulevard W W —Breezee —Promenade f|| g|| —Black —Romance M —Almora Extraordinary beauty, good fitting qualities, unusual service and low price! These are the reasons why hundreds of women in Indianapolis prefer these marvelous REAL SILK stockings. Just glance over their 12 points of superiority (diagram to the right) and you too will be convinced! They are .substandards, but only keen eyed Real Silk inspectors can detect the fact. Sizes sy 2 to 10, but not in every color. —Downstairs at Ayres

Women 1 sand Misses * Spring Coats For Sport or Dress 11 sl6-50 When you see our outstanding assortment of new spring coats, you will ES]sß agree with us that here, “Fashionable H|S Things are Less Expensive."' Our colBfM lection includes coats for every purpose HBJHh —correct in line, color and fabric —and Coats are long enough to cover the " / spring dresses. Waistlines are higher, mlks and either semi-fitted or smartly ’ straight in line. There are many van - • ations of the cr.pe collar, jabot effects and scarf collars, geometric seaming— and many are trimmed with touches of ;: fig fur. In black, blue. tans, green and tweed mixtures. Sizes 14 to 46 for // misses and women. ( —Tweeds —Silk A —Broadcloth .

French Marquisette "VS* 19c Yard Splendid, durable quality French Marquisette—suitable for making either panel or ruffled curtains. In French ecru color. 39 Inches wide. An unusual value at this exceptional price. Gay New Cretonnes—l9c Yard There are 30 or more desirable patterns to choose from in this group of high quality cretonnes. In gay, spring-like colorings, suitable for making drapes, pillows, furniture covers, etc. 36 Inches wide. —Downstairs at Ayres.

Frocks With Capes Are Important Spring Fashions, and These Are Priced at Only—slo Any spring frock with a cape, or even a suggestion of a cape, meets the full approval of “fashion.” And there’s such a wide variety to choose from Downstairs at Ayres’. Big, full capes that ably take the place of sleeves—slightly smaller shoulder capes—tiny, epaulette-like capelets—quarter-length flowing sleeves that give the appearance of a cape—and many other interesting variations. In addition there are scores of other successful spring fashions—all exceptionally well made of fine quality prints, georgette and flat crepes. Sizes 11 to 17 and 14 to 46. Business Frocks of Navy Blue Crepe Every business woman will appreciate our splendid selection of new spring dresses in navy blue (rj flat crepe. Smart, tailored styles—up-to-the- ! minute in fashion. Sizes 14 to 46. —Downstairs at Ayres NjJy

Children’s Pantie Wash Frocks & ° n,y $ 1 JL Each A wide assortment of dainty styles /'VivT features this group of fast color wash ifflnFFT frocks—and each one comes with \ matching panties. There are straight- / \ line m °dels and models with tiny /V- \ skirts—with sleeves and without—(jyYjf'Ji FSvk. \ mostly embroidery trimmed. Smart JSr-M- V & little en * emb,es are included in the ffroup ' Sizes 3to 6 - Children’s Muslin Slips, 59c. -—2 Children’s Muslin Combinayj I tions, 59c / Children’s Muslin Pajamas, 59 c. Girls’ Non-Run Rayon Bloom- / ers, 79c. / Children’s Slipover SweatUi ers, sl. 11 —Downstairs at Ayres.

Auto Seat Covers For Any Make of Car Coach or Coupe or Sedan Roadster $3. 95 $ 1.95 It takes only 15 minutes to install these handy seat covers—ready made, and adjustable to fit any make of car. They are made of heavy, serviceable materials that will give good service and save the upholstery on your automobile. Choice of four colors. These covers are for seats only. —Downstairs at Ayres.

A Brand New Shipment of Rayon Bed Sets Very QC Special A fresh, new group of popular rayon bed sets consisting of a 90x90 inch spread, and a flower trimmed, cresent shaped pillow to match. In a choice of blue, gold, orchid or green. An exceptional value that will enable you to freshen your bedroom at low Cost. —Downstairs at Ayres.

1. Special pro cessed m lisle top. 2. Does not bind at / 3. Ravel-stop to pre- *3l vent runs. £ L Genuine 100% pure fr 1 silk boot. ,1 5. Positive ankle fit. G. 4-Ply special pro- w 1 cessed lisle toe. 7. Super-service 1 doubled top for garter protection “ 8. Silk extends well over the knee. ' ■ 9. Straight knlt -i n m J seam. 10. High spliced heel. I IV 11. 4-Ply special pro- i cessed lisle heel. a / 12. No Irritating seam jAjr under foot.

PAGE 5